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Journal articles on the topic 'Autoimmune and idiopathic organic disease'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 October 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Krug, Susanne M. "Solving the Puzzle: Molecular Research in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 17 (2023): 13389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713389.

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses chronic idiopathic relapsing and remitting gastrointestinal autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic inflammatory disorders of complex etiology, posing clinical challenges due to their often therapy-refractory nature [...]

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Keda, YM, IV Krjukova, IA Ilovaiskaia, et al. "Antibodies to pituitary surface antigens during various pituitary disease states." Journal of Endocrinology 175, no. 2 (2002): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1750417.

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Autoantibodies to cell surface antigens of human somatotropinoma (ASAS), human prolactinoma (ASAP) and rat adenohypophysis (ASARA) were assayed in the serum of patients with pituitary diseases associated with GH deficiency (GHD), such as pituitary dwarfism and primary empty sella syndrome (ESS), and in the serum of patients with hyperprolactinaemia of different etiologies: idiopathic hyperprolactinaemia, prolactinoma and ESS. The investigation was carried out with a cellular variant of an ELISA. Among children with GHD, the highest percentage of antibody-positive patients was found in the grou

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Meunier, Lucy, and Dominique Larrey. "Hepatotoxicity of Drugs Used in Multiple Sclerosis, Diagnostic Challenge, and the Role of HLA Genotype Susceptibility." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (2023): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010852.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and the association with other autoimmune diseases is well-documented. There are many therapeutic options for the treatment of MS. Most of the available drugs cause drug-induced liver injury (DILI) to variable extents with heterogeneous clinical and biological manifestations, including liver injury with or without signs of hypersensitivity and autoimmunity. The diagnosis of DILI may be particularly difficult because MS is frequently associated with idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis. Recent advances suggest t

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Fukushima, Kiyoharu, Kazuyuki Tsujino, Shinji Futami, and Hiroshi Kida. "Natural Autoantibodies in Chronic Pulmonary Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (2020): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031138.

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In autoantibody-mediated autoimmune diseases, pathogenic autoantibodies generated by a failure of central or peripheral tolerance, have different effects mediated by a variety of mechanisms. Interestingly, even non-autoimmune chronic diseases have a set of disease-specific natural autoantibodies that are maintained for a long time. Because most of these natural autoantibodies target intracellular proteins or long non-coding RNAs, they are speculated to be non-pathological and have some important as yet unrecognized physiological functions such as debris clearance. Recently, we revealed a set o

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Pulito-Cueto, Verónica, Fernanda Genre, Raquel López-Mejías, et al. "Endothelin-1 as a Biomarker of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Autoimmune Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (2023): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021275.

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The aim of this study was to determine the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a molecule involved in multiple vascular and fibrosing abnormalities, as a biomarker of interstitial lung disease (ILD), as well as its use for the differential diagnosis between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and ILD associated with autoimmune diseases (AD-ILD), using a large and well-defined cohort of patients with ILD. A total of 112 patients with IPF, 91 patients with AD-ILD (28 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 26 systemic sclerosis, 20 idiopathic inflammatory myositis and 17 interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune featu

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Kageyama, Reiko, Tetsuya Honda, and Yoshiki Tokura. "Acquired Idiopathic Generalized Anhidrosis (AIGA) and Its Complications: Implications for AIGA as an Autoimmune Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (2021): 8389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168389.

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Acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis (AIGA) is a rare disorder in which systemic anhidrosis/hypohidrosis occurs without causative dermatological, metabolic or neurological disorder. Most cases of AIGA have been reported in Asia, especially in Japan, but there have been only a few reports in Europe and the United States. Severe AIGA may result in heatstroke and can reduce quality of life due to restriction of exercise and outdoor works. AIGA is often accompanied by cholinergic urticaria (CholU), and it is thought that AIGA and CholU with anhidrosis/hypohidrosis belong to the same spectrum

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Ventura, Ignacio, Gemma Clara Meira-Blanco, María Ester Legidos-García, Marcelino Pérez-Bermejo, and María Teresa Murillo-Llorente. "Is There a Link between the Molecular Basis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases? Systematic Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 5 (2024): 2803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052803.

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Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is currently the most common chronic rheumatic disease in children. It is known to have no single identity, but a variety of diagnoses. Under-diagnosis is a barrier to early treatment and reduced complications of the disease. Other immune-mediated diseases may coexist in the same patient, making research in this area relevant. The main objective was to analyse whether links could be established between the molecular basis of JIA and other immune-mediated diseases. Early diagnosis may benefit patients with JIA, which in most cases goes undetected, leading to

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Löfdahl, Anna, Göran Tornling, Jenny Wigén, Anna-Karin Larsson-Callerfelt, Christina Wenglén, and Gunilla Westergren-Thorsson. "Pathological Insight into 5-HT2B Receptor Activation in Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (2020): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010225.

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Interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of more than 200 conditions, of which primarily idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, ILD associated with autoimmune diseases and sarcoidosis may present a progressive fibrosing (PF) phenotype. Despite different aetiology and histopathological patterns, the PF-ILDs have similarities regarding disease mechanisms with self-sustaining fibrosis, which suggests that the diseases may share common pathogenetic pathways. Previous studies show an enhanced activat

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Kim, Ji-Won, Mi-Hyun Ahn, Ju-Yang Jung, Chang-Hee Suh, and Hyoun-Ah Kim. "An Update on the Pathogenic Role of Neutrophils in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Adult-Onset Still’s Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (2021): 13038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222313038.

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Neutrophils are innate immune phagocytes that play a key role in immune defense against invading pathogens. The main offensive mechanisms of neutrophils are the phagocytosis of pathogens, release of granules, and production of cytokines. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been described as a novel defense mechanism in the literature. NETs are a network of fibers assembled from chromatin deoxyribonucleic acid, histones, and neutrophil granule proteins that have the ability to kill pathogens, while they can also cause toxic effects in hosts. Activated neutrophils with NET

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Rawanduzy, Cameron A., Alexander Winkler-Schwartz, and William T. Couldwell. "Hypophysitis: Defining Histopathologic Variants and a Review of Emerging Clinical Causative Entities." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6 (2023): 5917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065917.

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Inflammatory disease of the pituitary gland is known as hypophysitis. There are multiple histological subtypes, the most common being lymphocytic, and the pathogenesis is variable and diverse. Hypophysitis can be primary and idiopathic or autoimmune related, or secondary to local lesions, systemic disease, medications, and more. Although hypophysitis was previously accepted as an exceedingly rare diagnosis, a greater understanding of the disease process and new insights into possible etiologic sources have contributed to an increased frequency of recognition. This review provides an overview o

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Engin, Muhammet Mesut Nezir, and Öner Özdemir. "Current mechanisms in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis." Trends in Immunotherapy 7, no. 1 (2023): 2028. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/ti.v7.i1.2028.

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Pulmonary fibrosis is a diverse group of lung disorders defined by varying degrees of fibrosis and inflammation in the pulmonary parenchyma. While it may be caused by a known disease, e.g., autoimmune or connective tissue disorder, drugs, hypersensitivity to inhaled organic antigens, or sarcoidosis, it also occurs to be idiopathic. When we examine the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis, we see that cellular aging plays a major role. Lung fibroblasts play an active role in the regeneration process. However, despite all the information, the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis is not clearly understood. It

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Justiz-Vaillant, Angel A., Darren Gopaul, Sachin Soodeen, et al. "Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Molecules Involved in Its Imunopathogenesis, Clinical Features, and Treatment." Molecules 29, no. 4 (2024): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29040747.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an idiopathic chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any organ in the body, including the neurological system. Multiple factors, such as environmental (infections), genetic (many HLA alleles including DR2 and DR3, and genes including C4), and immunological influences on self-antigens, such as nuclear antigens, lead to the formation of multiple autoantibodies that cause deleterious damage to bodily tissues and organs. The production of autoantibodies, such as anti-dsDNA, anti-SS(A), anti-SS(B), anti-Smith, and anti-neuronal DNA are characteristic featur

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Argenziano, Maura, Chiara Tortora, Giulia Bellini, Alessandra Di Paola, Francesca Punzo, and Francesca Rossi. "The Endocannabinoid System in Pediatric Inflammatory and Immune Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23 (2019): 5875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20235875.

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Endocannabinoid system consists of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptors, their endogenous ligands, and the enzymes responsible for their synthesis and degradation. CB2, to a great extent, and CB1, to a lesser extent, are involved in regulating the immune response. They also regulate the inflammatory processes by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediator release and immune cell proliferation. This review provides an overview on the role of the endocannabinoid system with a major focus on cannabinoid receptors in the pathogenesis and onset of inflammatory and autoimmune ped

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Sirbe, Claudia, Gelu Simu, Iulia Szabo, Alina Grama, and Tudor Lucian Pop. "Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Hepatitis—Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 24 (2021): 13578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413578.

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Pediatric autoimmune liver disorders include autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC), and de novo AIH after liver transplantation. AIH is an idiopathic disease characterized by immune-mediated hepatocyte injury associated with the destruction of liver cells, causing inflammation, liver failure, and fibrosis, typically associated with autoantibodies. The etiology of AIH is not entirely unraveled, but evidence supports an intricate interaction among genetic variants, environmental factors, and epigenetic modifications. The pathogenesis of AIH comprises the interaction

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Cerro Chiang, Giuliana Cerro, and Tanyalak Parimon. "Understanding Interstitial Lung Diseases Associated with Connective Tissue Disease (CTD-ILD): Genetics, Cellular Pathophysiology, and Biologic Drivers." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (2023): 2405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032405.

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Connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is a collection of systemic autoimmune disorders resulting in lung interstitial abnormalities or lung fibrosis. CTD-ILD pathogenesis is not well characterized because of disease heterogeneity and lack of pre-clinical models. Some common risk factors are inter-related with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, an extensively studied fibrotic lung disease, which includes genetic abnormalities and environmental risk factors. The primary pathogenic mechanism is that these risk factors promote alveolar type II cell dysfunction trigge

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Zanatta, Elisabetta, Claudia Colombo, Gianpiero D’Amico, Thomas d’Humières, Carlo Dal Lin, and Francesco Tona. "Inflammation and Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 22 (2019): 5563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225563.

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Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) form a heterogeneous group of disorders that include systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), and systemic vasculitis. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is quite common in patients with ARDs and is linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of both accelerated atherosclerosis and CMD in ARDs, especially in patients affected by SLE and RA. In this regard, some studies have highlighted the eff

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Yan, Si Chao, Ya Jie Wang, Yu Jie Li, et al. "Dihydroartemisinin Regulates the Th/Treg Balance by Inducing Activated CD4+ T cell Apoptosis via Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction in Mouse Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Molecules 24, no. 13 (2019): 2475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132475.

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Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a derivative of the herb Artemisia annua L. that has prominent immunomodulatory activity; however, its underlying mechanism remains elusive. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic inflammatory condition characterized as an autoimmune disorder that includes dysfunctions in the T helper (Th)/T regulatory cell (Treg) balance, which normally plays pivotal roles in immune homeostasis. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of DHA to ameliorate IBD by restoring the Th/Treg cell balance. To this end, we established mouse models of colitis induced by

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Jiménez-Jiménez, Félix Javier, Javier Gómez-Tabales, Hortensia Alonso-Navarro, et al. "LAG3/CD4 Genes Variants and the Risk for Restless Legs Syndrome." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23 (2022): 14795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314795.

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According to several studies, inflammatory factors could be related to the pathogenesis of idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS). In addition, RLS and Parkinson’s disease (PD) have shown a possible relationship, and recent studies have shown an association between CD4 rs1922452 and CD4 rs951818 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and the risk for PD. For these reasons, we investigated the possible association between common variants in the LAG3/CD4 genes (which encoded proteins involved in inflammatory and autoimmune responses) and the risk for RLS in a Caucasian Spanish population. We assesse

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Martín Álvarez, C., F. Cadenas Extremera, V. Alonso García, M. del Valle Loarte, M. Bravo Arraez, and V. Mainar de Paz. "Autoimmune limbic encephlitis. A rising differential diagnosis between diseases with psychiatric symptoms." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2392.

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IntroductionIn psychiatric clinical practice, we can face numerous organic diseases in the differential diagnosis between primary psychiatric disorders. As an example of this, we can see the autoimmune limbic encephalitis(LE), which in a significant percentage of cases begins with psychiatric symptoms. Currently, one of the theories of the origin of the LE is as a idiopathic autoimmune entity, leaving behind the idea of been generated only by a viral or paraneoplastic etiology.ObjectiveTo achieve a better knowledge about this underdiagnosed entity, presenting a case of an anti-LGI1 limbic ence

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Bratoiu, Ioana, Alexandra Maria Burlui, Anca Cardoneanu, et al. "The Involvement of Smooth Muscle, Striated Muscle, and the Myocardium in Scleroderma: A Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (2022): 12011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231912011.

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Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by heterogeneous changes involving numerous organs and systems. The currently available data indicate that muscle injury (both smooth and striated muscles) is widespread and leads to significant morbidity, either directly or indirectly. From the consequences of smooth muscle involvement in the tunica media of blood vessels or at the level of the digestive tract, to skeletal myopathy (which may be interpreted strictly in the context of SSc, or as an overlap with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies), muscular injury in sclerod

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Lucchini, Matteo, Valeria De Arcangelis, Massimo Santoro, Roberta Morosetti, Aldobrando Broccolini, and Massimiliano Mirabella. "Serum-Circulating microRNAs in Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13 (2023): 11139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311139.

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Background: Sporadic inclusion body myositis (s-IBM) represents a unique disease within idiopathic inflammatory myopathies with a dual myodegenerative–autoimmune physiopathology and a lack of an efficacious treatment. Circulating miRNA expression could expand our knowledge of s-IBM patho-mechanisms and provide new potential disease biomarkers. To evaluate the expression of selected pre-amplified miRNAs in the serum of s-IBM patients compared to those of a sex- and age-matched healthy control group, we enrolled 14 consecutive s-IBM patients and 8 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. By using

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Jeong, Eunji, Hyunseok Hong, Yeon-Ah Lee, and Kyoung-Soo Kim. "Potential Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease Treatment and Computational Approach for Future Drug Development." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 5 (2024): 2682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052682.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by swelling in at least one joint. Owing to an overactive immune response, extra-articular manifestations are observed in certain cases, with interstitial lung disease (ILD) being the most common. Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the interstitial space, which causes fibrosis and the scarring of lung tissue. Controlling inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in RA-ILD is important because they are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Pirfen

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Chinello, Clizia, Noortje de Haan, Giulia Capitoli, et al. "Definition of IgG Subclass-Specific Glycopatterns in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy: Aberrant IgG Glycoforms in Blood." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (2022): 4664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094664.

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The podocyte injury, and consequent proteinuria, that characterize the pathology of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is mediated by an autoimmune reaction against podocyte antigens. In particular, the activation of pathways leading to abundant renal deposits of complement is likely to involve the binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) to aberrant glycans on immunoglobulins. To obtain a landscape of circulatory IgG Fc glycosylation characterizing this disease, we conducted a systematic N-glycan profiling study of IgG1, 2, and 4 by mass spectrometry. The cohort included 57 IMN patients,

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Pulito-Cueto, Verónica, Sara Remuzgo-Martínez, Fernanda Genre, et al. "E-Selectin, ICAM-1, and ET-1 Biomarkers Address the Concern of the Challenging Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 15 (2023): 12518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512518.

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Interstitial lung disease (ILD) constitutes the most critical comorbidity in autoimmune diseases (ADs) and its early diagnosis remains a challenge for clinicians. Accordingly, we evaluated whether E-selectin, ICAM-1, and ET-1, key molecules in endothelial damage, could be useful biomarkers for the detection of AD-ILD+. We recruited patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-ILD+ (n = 21) and systemic sclerosis (SSc)-ILD+ (n = 21). We included comparison groups of patients: RA-ILD− (n = 25), SSc-ILD− (n = 20), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (n = 21). Serum levels of these proteins were de

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Wu, Chao-Yi, Huang-Yu Yang, Jing-Long Huang, and Jenn-Haung Lai. "Signals and Mechanisms Regulating Monocyte and Macrophage Activation in the Pathogenesis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (2021): 7960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157960.

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Monocytes (Mos) and macrophages (Mφs) are key players in the innate immune system and are critical in coordinating the initiation, expansion, and regression of many autoimmune diseases. In addition, they display immunoregulatory effects that impact inflammation and are essential in tissue repair and regeneration. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an umbrella term describing inflammatory joint diseases in children. Accumulated evidence suggests a link between Mo and Mφ activation and JIA pathogenesis. Accordingly, topics regarding the signals and mechanisms regulating Mo and Mφ activation

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Dziadkowiak, Edyta, Marta Nowakowska-Kotas, Sławomir Budrewicz, and Magdalena Koszewicz. "Pathology of Initial Axon Segments in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy and Related Disorders." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (2022): 13621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113621.

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The diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is based on a combination of clinical, electrodiagnostic and laboratory features. The different entities of the disease include chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy (CISP) and autoimmune nodopathies. It is debatable whether CIDP occurring in the course of other conditions, i.e., monoclonal IgG or IgA gammopathy, should be treated as a separate disease entity from idiopathic CIDP. This study aims to evaluate the molecular differences of the nodes of Ranvier and the initial axon segment (AIS) and juxtaparanode

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Matsubayashi, Hiroyuki, Hirotoshi Ishiwatari, Kenichiro Imai, et al. "Steroid Therapy and Steroid Response in Autoimmune Pancreatitis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 1 (2019): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010257.

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Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), a unique subtype of pancreatitis, is often accompanied by systemic inflammatory disorders. AIP is classified into two distinct subtypes on the basis of the histological subtype: immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis (type 1) and idiopathic duct-centric pancreatitis (type 2). Type 1 AIP is often accompanied by systemic lesions, biliary strictures, hepatic inflammatory pseudotumors, interstitial pneumonia and nephritis, dacryoadenitis, and sialadenitis. Type 2 AIP is associated with inflammatory bowel diseases in approximately 3

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Wiggins, Russell W., Jihoo Woo, John Nicholas Cauba, and Shizue Mito. "Evaluating the Potential of Herbal Extracts as Treatment in Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Review of Evidence and Limitations." Applied Biosciences 4, no. 1 (2024): 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/applbiosci4010001.

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Immune thrombocytopenia, formerly idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP), is an autoimmune disease characterized by the depletion of platelets below 100,000/µL when other causes of thrombocytopenia have been ruled out. It is associated with several infectious pathologies, disease states, and as a known side effect and complication of several drugs and chemotherapies. Standard treatment calls for glucocorticoid-mediated immunosuppression, intravenous immunoglobin transfusion, platelet stimulation, platelet transfusion, and splenectomy in instances of chronic and severe disease. While standar

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Franco, Chiara, Anna Ghirardello, Loris Bertazza, et al. "Size-Exclusion Chromatography Combined with Ultrafiltration Efficiently Isolates Extracellular Vesicles from Human Blood Samples in Health and Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (2023): 3663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043663.

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There is still a need for an efficient method for the isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human blood that provides a reliable yield with acceptable purity. Blood is a source of circulating EVs, but soluble proteins and lipoproteins hamper their concentration, isolation, and detection. This study aims to investigate the efficiency of EV isolation and characterization methods not defined as “gold standard”. EVs were isolated from human platelet-free plasma (PFP) of patients and healthy donors through size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) combined with ultrafiltration (UF). Then, EVs we

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Kamperman, Renske G., Anneke J. van der Kooi, Marianne de Visser, Eleonora Aronica, and Joost Raaphorst. "Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Treatment of Dermatomyositis and Immune Mediated Necrotizing Myopathies: A Focused Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 8 (2022): 4301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084301.

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Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), collectively known as myositis, are a composite group of rare autoimmune diseases affecting mostly skeletal muscle, although other organs or tissues may also be involved. The main clinical feature of myositis is subacute, progressive, symmetrical muscle weakness in the proximal arms and legs, whereas subtypes of myositis may also present with extramuscular features, such as skin involvement, arthritis or interstitial lung disease (ILD). Established subgroups of IIM include dermatomyositis (DM), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), anti-syntheta

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Rzepka-Wrona, Patrycja, Szymon Skoczyński, and Adam Barczyk. "Are There Differences in Inflammatory and Fibrotic Pathways between IPAF, CTD-ILDs, and IIPs? A Single-Center Pilot Study." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23 (2022): 15205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315205.

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In this pilot study, we aim to determine differences in pathogenetic pathways between interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF), connective-tissue-disease-associated interstitial lung diseases (CTD-ILDs), and idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs). Forty participants were recruited: 9 with IPAF, 15 with CTD-ILDs, and 16 with IIPs. Concentration of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A, SP-D), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and chemokine 1 (CXCL1) were assessed with ELISA assay in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. We revealed that IL-8 and TGF-β1 c

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Bozzini, Sara, Giovanni Zanframundo, Cecilia Bagnera, et al. "A Proof-of-Concept Analysis of Plasma-Derived Exosomal microRNAs in Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis Secondary to Antisynthetase Syndrome." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23 (2022): 14579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314579.

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Antisynthetase syndrome (ASSD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the positivity of autoantibodies against different aminoacyl transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases. Morbidity and mortality of this disease are highly affected by interstitial lung disease (ILD) which is present in about 80% of patients. In this study, we investigated possible differences in 84 immune-related circulating miRNAs between ASSD patients with and without ILD; we enrolled 15 ASSD patients, 11 with ILD (ILD+) and 4 without ILD (ILD-), and 5 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) as an additional control gro

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Mavroudis, Ioannis, Ioana-Miruna Balmus, Alin Ciobica, et al. "Mini-Review on the Harlequin Syndrome—A Rare Dysautonomic Manifestation Requiring Attention." Medicina 58, no. 7 (2022): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58070938.

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Harlequin syndrome (HS) is a rare autonomic disorder. The causes and risk factors of the disease are not fully understood. Some cases of HS are associated with traumatic injuries, tumors, or vascular impairments of the head. Symptoms of HS can also occur in some autoimmune disorders, ophthalmic disorders, sleep disorders, and with certain organic lesions. In this context, a thorough review of the pathophysiology of HS in relation to neurological, ophthalmological, and dermatological conditions is necessary. In this mini-review, we aim to review the pathophysiological changes and underlying mec

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Marchioni, Alessandro, Roberto Tonelli, Alessandro Andreani, et al. "Molecular Mechanisms and Physiological Changes behind Benign Tracheal and Subglottic Stenosis in Adults." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 5 (2022): 2421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052421.

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Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is a complex and heterogeneous disease whose pathogenesis remains unclear. LTS is considered to be the result of aberrant wound-healing process that leads to fibrotic scarring, originating from different aetiology. Although iatrogenic aetiology is the main cause of subglottic or tracheal stenosis, also autoimmune and infectious diseases may be involved in causing LTS. Furthermore, fibrotic obstruction in the anatomic region under the glottis can also be diagnosed without apparent aetiology after a comprehensive workup; in this case, the pathological process is ca

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Toader, Corneliu, Calin Petru Tataru, Ioan-Alexandru Florian, et al. "From Homeostasis to Pathology: Decoding the Multifaceted Impact of Aquaporins in the Central Nervous System." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 18 (2023): 14340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814340.

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Aquaporins (AQPs), integral membrane proteins facilitating selective water and solute transport across cell membranes, have been the focus of extensive research over the past few decades. Particularly noteworthy is their role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and fluid balance in neural compartments, as dysregulated AQP expression is implicated in various degenerative and acute brain pathologies. This article provides an exhaustive review on the evolutionary history, molecular classification, and physiological relevance of aquaporins, emphasizing their significance in the central nervous sys

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Di Marcello, Francesca, Giulia Di Donato, Debora Mariarita d’Angelo, Luciana Breda, and Francesco Chiarelli. "Bone Health in Children with Rheumatic Disorders: Focus on Molecular Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Management." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (2022): 5725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105725.

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Bone is an extremely dynamic and adaptive tissue, whose metabolism and homeostasis is influenced by many different hormonal, mechanical, nutritional, immunological and pharmacological stimuli. Genetic factors significantly affect bone health, through their influence on bone cells function, cartilage quality, calcium and vitamin D homeostasis, sex hormone metabolism and pubertal timing. In addition, optimal nutrition and physical activity contribute to bone mass acquisition in the growing age. All these factors influence the attainment of peak bone mass, a critical determinant of bone health an

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Shevtsov, Andrey, Mikhail Raevskiy, Alexey Stupnikov, and Yulia Medvedeva. "In Silico Drug Repurposing in Multiple Sclerosis Using scRNA-Seq Data." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (2023): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020985.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system still lacking a cure. Treatment typically focuses on slowing the progression and managing MS symptoms. Single-cell transcriptomics allows the investigation of the immune system—the key player in MS onset and development—in great detail increasing our understanding of MS mechanisms and stimulating the discovery of the targets for potential therapies. Still, de novo drug development takes decades; however, this can be reduced by drug repositioning. A promising approach is to select potential drugs based on activated o

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Lee, Jae-Min, Seung Geun Yeo, Su Young Jung, et al. "Expression and Role of Toll-like Receptors in Facial Nerve Regeneration after Facial Nerve Injury." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 14 (2023): 11245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411245.

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Facial nerve palsy directly impacts the quality of life, with patients with facial nerve palsy showing increased rates of depression and limitations in social activities. Although facial nerve palsy is not life-threatening, it can devastate the emotional and social lives of affected individuals. Hence, improving the prognosis of patients with this condition is of vital importance. The prognosis of patients with facial nerve palsy is determined by the cause of the disease, the degree of damage, and the treatment provided. The facial nerve can be easily damaged by middle ear and temporal bone su

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Altintoprak, Fatih, Engin Karakece, Taner Kivilcim, et al. "Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: An Autoimmune Disease?" Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/148727.

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Purpose. This study aimed to investigate the autoimmune basis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) by determining the anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) levels of patients diagnosed with IGM.Material and Methods. Twenty-six IGM patients were evaluated. Serum samples were analyzed for autoantibodies by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) using a substrate kit that induced fluorescein-conjugated goat antibodies to human immunoglobulin G (IgG). IIF patterns were read at serum dilutions of 1 : 40 and 1 : 100 for ANA positivity. Using the immunoblot technique, the

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Makker, Sudesh P., and Alfonso Tramontano. "Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy: An Autoimmune Disease." Seminars in Nephrology 31, no. 4 (2011): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2011.06.004.

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Nahon-Uzan, Karine, Philippe Levy, Dermot O'Toole, et al. "Is idiopathic pancreatitis an autoimmune disease?" Gastroenterology 124, no. 4 (2003): A89—A90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(03)80442-0.

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Greco, Antonio, Armando De Virgilio, Andrea Gallo, et al. "Idiopathic bilateral vestibulopathy: an autoimmune disease?" Autoimmunity Reviews 13, no. 10 (2014): 1042–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.035.

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Rose, N. R. "Is idiopathic hypoparathyroidism an autoimmune disease?" Journal of Clinical Investigation 97, no. 4 (1996): 899–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci118511.

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NAHONUZAN, K., P. LEVY, D. OTOOLE, et al. "Is Idiopathic Chronic Pancreatitis an Autoimmune Disease?" Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 3, no. 9 (2005): 903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1542-3565(05)00540-9.

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Patella, Vincenzo, Diomira Magliacane, and Giovanni Florio. "Chronic idiopathic urticaria and autoimmune thyroid disease." World Allergy Organization Journal &NA; (November 2007): S319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wox.0000301512.29171.c1.

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Papadopoulos, Konstantin I., and Bengt Hallengren. "Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome Type II in patients with idiopathic Addison's disease." Acta Endocrinologica 122, no. 4 (1990): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1220472.

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Abstract. The frequency of polyglandular autoimmune syndrome Type II, (idiopathic or autoimmune Addison's disease associated with autoimmune thyroid disease, and/or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), was retrospectively investigated in 44 patients (26 females and 18 males) with idiopathic Addison's disease (median age at onset 32.5 years, range 8–62; median observation time 17 years, range 0.5–41) evaluated between 1966 and 1988 in the Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital, Malmö. Twenty-two patients (16 females and 6 males) fulfilled the criteria for polyglandular autoimmune syndro

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Maskey, R., R. Sharma, B. Sharma, S. Upadhaya, and SS Dhakal. "Thyroid disease in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura." Health Renaissance 10, no. 3 (2012): 254–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i3.7058.

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Idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a reduced platelet count with otherwise normal blood cell counts. Autoimmune thyroid disease is not considered a cause of thrombocytopenia. We report a case of autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura associated with hyperthyroidism in which the patient's thrombocytopenia and thyrotoxicosis resolved concomitantly. We recommend testing for hyperthyroidism in all patients with unexplained thrombocytopenia and that family members of patients be evaluated, screened, and observed for thrombocytopenia and hyperthyroidism. Health

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Sanint, J. M., A. Olive, S. Rodriguez, A. Prior, J. F. Julian, and A. Mariscal. "THU0555 Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis; A New Autoimmune Disease." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 74, Suppl 2 (2015): 401.2–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.5050.

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Birring, Surinder S., and Ian D. Pavord. "Idiopathic Chronic Cough and Organ-Specific Autoimmune Disease." Chest 129, no. 1 (2006): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.129.1.213.

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De Virgilio, Armando, Marco de Vincentiis, Maurizio Inghilleri, et al. "Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis: an autoimmune IgG4-related disease." Immunologic Research 65, no. 1 (2016): 386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12026-016-8863-1.

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