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Journal articles on the topic 'Autoimmune disorder'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 June 2025

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1

Dale, Russell C., and Fabienne Brilot. "Autoimmune Basal Ganglia Disorders." Journal of Child Neurology 27, no. 11 (2012): 1470–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073812451327.

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The basal ganglia are deep nuclei in the brain that include the caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra. Pathological processes involving the basal ganglia often result in disorders of movement and behavior. A number of different autoimmune disorders predominantly involve the basal ganglia and can result in movement and psychiatric disorders. The classic basal ganglia autoimmune disorder is Sydenham chorea, a poststreptococcal neuropsychiatric disorder. Resurgence in the interest in Sydenham chorea is the result of the descriptions of other poststreptococcal neuropsychiatric disorders including tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder, broadly termed pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection. Encephalitic processes affecting the basal ganglia are also described including the syndromes basal ganglia encephalitis, encephalitis lethargica, and bilateral striatal necrosis. Last, systemic autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome can result in chorea or parkinsonism. Using paradigms learned from other autoantibody associated disorders, the authors discuss the autoantibody hypothesis and the role of systemic inflammation in autoimmune basal ganglia disorders. Identification of these entities is important as the clinician has an increasing therapeutic repertoire to modulate or suppress the aberrant immune system.

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Oliveira, S. G., S. M. Pereira, and J. C. Mendes. "Psychosis and autoimmune disorders." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72891-7.

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IntroductionPsoriasis is a common, chronic, erythematous dermatosis with prevalence estimates ranging from 0, 3% to 2, 5%. This recurring disorder is associated with significant psychological distress, a decrease in health-related quality of life and psychiatric morbidity. The most common psychiatric comorbidities are mental retardation, personality disorder and affective disorders.ObjectivesThe authors’ aim is to present a clinical vignette of a 27-year-old male suffering from psoriasis who was admitted to the psychiatric yard exhibiting psychotic symptoms. A literature's review about the association between psychosis and autoimmune disorders, particularly with psoriasis vulgaris, was also made.Case reportThe patient is a 27-year-old single male with normal IQ. He had no physical ilnesses during childhood and adolescence. There was no history of psychiatric or developmental disorders in the patient and his family. In early adulthood he was diagnosed with psoriasis vulgaris. The patient's father also suffered from the same skin disorder. At the age of 27 he began to hear voices commenting on his behaviour and he exhibited psychomotor agitation, delusions of persecution, and sexual disinhibition. Admission in psychiatric yard was necessary to treat psychotic symptoms.ConclusionsThe skin and the brain are embryologically related. Consequently, a relationship between psychological factors and skin diseases has long been hypothesized. Schizophrenia has been associated with nearly 50% higher lifetime prevalence of one or more autoimmune disorders but further studies are necessary to elucidate the possible association between psoriasis vulgaris and psychosis.

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Tripathi, Purnima, and Peeyush Bhardwaj. "Psoriasis: An autoimmune disorder." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 5 (2020): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i5.4327.

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Psoriasis is an auto-immune disorder of the skin. It is characterized by the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. Severity of the disease depends on the body area affected. Both genetic as well as environmental factors are responsible for it. It affects around 2-3% of world’s population. Psoriasis not only causes physical problems, it also affects mental and social well being of the patient. It may also lead to some Comorbidities like heart problems, diabetes, psychological problems, Crohn’s disease , etc. Keeping in view the impact it creats in the patient’s life, steps should be taken to create awareness of psoriasis. This article attempts to provide a comprehensive view on the psoriasis. It includes the various forms of psoriasis with their specific features, causes of psoriasis, diagnosis and assessment tools used, treatments available for its management including topical as well as systemic therapy and associated problems. Keywords: Plaque, Psoriasis, Pustules

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4

Endres, Dominique. "Autoimmune obsessive-compulsive disorder." Journal of Affective Disorders Reports 12 (April 2023): 100539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100539.

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Abhinav Ankur, Dimple Gupta, and Bushra Zahoor. "Prevalence, Severity and Predictors of Psychiatric Disorders in Patients with Autoimmune Disorder." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 15, no. 3 (2024): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/18g8hq58.

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In recent years, there has been growing attention to the idea that immunological pathways may play a role in some types of psychotic disorders. Researchers have become particularly interested in the connection between autoimmune diseases and psychotic disorders. Genetic studies have linked immune-related genetic markers with schizophrenia, and clinical studies have found elevated levels of inflammatory markers in individuals with psychosis. Additionally, several large-scale epidemiologic studies have found a positive association between autoimmune diseases and psychosis. Specifically, autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis and lupus are known to have a higher incidence of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including psychosis, compared to healthy individuals. Research has shown a link between autoimmune conditions and greater chances of experiencing mental health problems. There is a proposed connection between autoimmune diseases and schizophrenia that works both ways. Previous findings underlined an association between autoimmune disorders and schizophrenia, with evidence of a reciprocal relationship. In addition, having a family history of autoimmune diseases may elevate the likelihood of developing psychotic disorders. This review will examine the epidemiological evidence that supports the association between autoimmune diseases and psychosis. Possible explanations for this link will be explored, including shared genetic risk factors, the impact of infections on autoimmunity and psychotic disorders, and the role of the microbiome. The review will also discuss the effects of autoantibodies and T- and B-cell dysregulation on both disease categories and the need for further research. Examining the connection between autoimmune diseases and psychosis is essential in understanding the etiological mechanisms of psychotic disorders and highlighting the significance of somatic comorbidity in patients with these disorders.

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LOISELLE, CHRISTOPHER R., and HARVEY S. SINGER. "Genetics of Childhood Disorders: XXXI. Autoimmune Disorders, Part 4: Is Sydenham Chorea an Autoimmune Disorder?" Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 40, no. 10 (2001): 1234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200110000-00019.

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7

Molnár, Emese, Gábor Kovács, Lívia Varga, et al. "Nem malignus, nem infectiosus lymphoproliferatio: kihívások az autoimmun lymphoproliferativ szindróma diagnosztikájában és kezelésében." Orvosi Hetilap 163, no. 4 (2022): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2022.32353.

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Összefoglaló. Az autoimmun lymphoproliferativ szindróma egy ritka, immundeficientiával járó genetikai betegség. Hátterében az extrinszik apoptotikus útvonal génjeinek örökletes vagy szerzett mutációi és a következményesen kialakuló, aktivált lymphocyták negatív szelekciójának a defektusa áll. Az autoimmun lymphoproliferativ szindróma klinikai megjelenésére jellemző a jóindulatú lymphocytaburjánzás következtében kialakuló lymphadenopathia és lépmegnagyobbodás. Gyakran társul olyan autoimmun kórképekkel, mint az autoimmun haemolyticus anaemia vagy az autoimmun thrombocytopenia. A betegségben jellemző laboratóriumi eltérések a következők: az αβ+ CD4–/CD8– kettős negatív T-sejtek szaporulata, a szolúbilis Fas-ligand, az interleukin-10 és interleukin-18, valamint a B12-vitamin szérumszintjének emelkedése. A kórkép diagnózisához hozzátartozik az in vitro Fas-mediált apoptózis funkciójának vizsgálata, valamint a genetikai vizsgálat. Differenciáldiagnosztikai szempontból fontos elkülöníteni a lymphomáktól, valamint az autoimmun lymphoproliferativ szindrómaszerű betegségektől. A kezelés alapja a társuló autoimmun kórképek tüneteinek csökkentése immunszuppresszív terápiával. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(4): 123–131. Summary. The autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome is a rare genetic disorder causing immunodeficiency. In the background of the disease, germline or somatic mutations of genes participating in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and the consequential defect in the negative selection of activated lymphocytes were discovered. The clinical appearance of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome consists of non-malignant lymphoproliferation, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, it is frequently accompanied by autoimmune disorders such as autoimmune haemolytic anaemia or autoimmune thrombocytopenia. The main diagnostic laboratory findings of this disease are the following: an elevation in αβ+, CD4–/CD8– double-negative T cell count, elevated serum levels of soluble Fas-ligand, interleukin-10, interleukin-18 and vitamin B12. Other useful laboratory tests are the in vitro Fas-mediated apoptotic functional assay and the genetic screening for gene mutations. Differential diagnosis should exclude malignant lymphoproliferation in lymphomas and non-malignant autoimmune lymphoprolipherative syndrome-like diseases. The main aim of the treatment is the amelioration of the accompanying autoimmune disease with immunosuppressive therapy. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(4): 123–131.

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Villarreal, Veronica R., Maja Z. Katusic, Scott M. Myers, Amy L. Weaver, James J. Nocton, and Robert G. Voigt. "Risk of Autoimmune Disease in Research-Identified Cases of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Longitudinal, Population-Based Birth Cohort Study." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 45, no. 1 (2024): e46-e53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dbp.0000000000001232.

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ABSTRACT: Objective: Determine the risk of autoimmune disease in research-identified cases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with referents using a longitudinal, population-based birth cohort. Methods: ASD incident cases were identified from a population-based birth cohort of 31,220 individuals. Inclusive ASD definition based on DSM-IV-TR autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified, was used to determine ASD cases. For each ASD case, 2 age- and sex-matched referents without ASD were identified. Diagnosis codes assigned between birth and December 2017 were electronically obtained. Individuals were classified as having an autoimmune disorder if they had at least 2 diagnosis codes more than 30 days apart. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) between ASD status and autoimmune disorder. Results: Of 1014 ASD cases, 747 (73.7%) were male. Fifty ASD cases and 59 of the 1:2 matched referents were diagnosed with first autoimmune disorder at the median age of 14 and 17.1 years, respectively. ASD cases had increased risk of autoimmune disease compared with matched referents (HR 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–2.52). The increased risk was statistically significant among male patients (HR 2.01; 95% CI, 1.26–3.21) but not among the smaller number of female subjects (HR 1.38; 95% CI, 0.76–2.50). Conclusion: This study provides evidence from a longitudinal, population-based birth cohort for co-occurrence of ASD and autoimmune disorders. Thus, children with ASD should be monitored for symptoms of autoimmune disease and appropriate workup initiated.

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Keshari, Adarsh, Kriti Jain, Roshan Pandey, et al. "Review on Bullous Pemphigoid: Fixed Drug Eruption or Autoimmune Disorder." Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Management 12, no. 2 (2024): 15–24. https://doi.org/10.15415/jptrm.2024.122002.

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Background: Bullous pemphigoid is a blistering disease of autoimmune nature predominantly affecting the geriatric population. It is characterized by blister formation at the subepidermal level, due to autoantibodies at the dermo-epidermal junction targeting proteins BP180XV11 and BP230. Mainly an autoimmune condition, diagnosis and treatment get complicated as it overlaps with drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions, including fixed drug eruption. Unlike Bullous Pemphigoid, it is a condition of localized hypersensitivity mediated by T cells. Purpose: The review tries to establish Bullous Pemphigoid as an autoimmune condition separate from fixed drug eruption. It is centered on the causative role of medications, which include diuretics, antibiotics, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, in drug-induced bullous pemphigoid. Besides, it examines genetic, immunological, and environmental etiologies of the disease and delineates clinical and diagnostic characteristics of Bullous Pemphigoid and fixed drug eruptions. Method: A systematic analysis of current literature was performed, focusing on the pathophysiology, immunological mechanisms, and histopathological differences between Bullous Pemphigoid and fixed drug eruptions. The review also examines the role of medications, genetic predispositions such as specific human leukocyte antigen haplotypes, and the diagnostic utility of histopathological and immunological methods like direct immunofluorescence. Results: Autoantibodies against BP180 and BP230 in bullous pemphigoid initiate inflammatory cascades, causing subepidermal blistering and eosinophilic infiltration. Fixed drug eruption involves basal cell necrosis and localized lymphocytic infiltration. Drugs like dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors exacerbate bullous pemphigoid through immune modulation and oxidative stress. Genetic susceptibility plays a significant role, and immunological tests such as direct immunofluorescence help distinguish the two conditions. Conclusion: Bullous pemphigoid is a distinct autoimmune disease with unique immunopathological mechanisms compared to fixed drug eruption. Understanding its pathogenesis, drug interactions, and diagnostic methods enhances accurate diagnosis and management of both spontaneous and drug-induced bullous pemphigoid.

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Das, Kiron M., and Livia Biancone. "Is IBD an autoimmune disorder?" Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 14, Supplement (2008): S97—S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00054725-200810001-00049.

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Vasiliauskas, E. A., L. Cobb, A. Vidrich, S. R. Targan, and P. Rosenthal. "BILIARY ATRESIA – AN AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER?" Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 21, no. 3 (1995): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-199510000-00025.

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12

Ian Andrews, P., and James O. McNamara. "Rasmussen's encephalitis: an autoimmune disorder?" Current Opinion in Neurobiology 6, no. 5 (1996): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-4388(96)80102-4.

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13

Bel Feki, M., S. Derouiche, R. Kammoun, O. Mziou, L. Mnif, and W. Melki. "Bipolar Disorder and Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy." European Psychiatry 30 (March 2015): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30918-4.

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Das, Kiron M., and Livia Biancone. "Is IBD an autoimmune disorder?" Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 14 (October 2008): S97—S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ibd.20723.

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Sankar, Jhuma, Dinesh Raj, Jeeva Sankar, Pradeep K. Sharma, Rakesh Lodha, and S. K. Kabra. "HIV infection mimicking autoimmune disorder." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 74, no. 8 (2007): 777–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-007-0139-2.

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Vasiliauskas, E. A., L. Cobb, A. Vidrich, S. R. Targan, and P. Rosenthal. "BILIARY ATRESIA – AN AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER?" Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 21, no. 3 (1995): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1995.tb11808.x.

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Ali, Shebin Althaf, Priya Govil, Aishwariya Walia, and Kishalay Datta. "Is it Really Seizure Disorder: Myasthenia Gravis Presenting as Seizure." Indian Journal of Emergency Medicine 9, no. 2 (2023): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijem.2395.311x.9223.9.

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The risk for seizure disorder increased in multiple autoimmune disorder. The raised proinflammatory cytokines and auto antibodies against the neuronal antigen may contribute in the pathogenesis of the seizure disorder. In this case report, we will discuss about a young adult presenting to the ER with seizure disorder and later found to have underlying autoimmune disease.

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Sarfaraz, Sabahat, and Sabiha Anis. "Multiple Autoimmune Syndrome: An Unusual Combination of Autoimmune Disorders." Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials 15, no. 3 (2020): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574887115666200621184110.

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Background: Autoimmune diseases are multifactorial with environmental and heritable factors. Autoimmunity reflects an altered immune status, therefore the presence of more than one disorder is not uncommon. The coexistence of three or more autoimmune diseases in a patient constitutes multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS). This is an interesting case of a middle-aged female who had celiac disease, primary biliary cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis and evolving CREST (Calcinosis, Rhaynaud’s phenomenon, Esophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly and Telangiectasia) syndrome. Case Report: Fifty years old female patient presented with generalized fatigue, fever, weight loss, vertigo and constipation. She was a diagnosed case of celiac disease, and responded well to glutenfree diet. Family history was unremarkable for any autoimmune disorder. Laboratory workup showed normal complete blood counts, markedly elevated transaminases and alkaline phosphates. Her antinuclear antibodies (ANA) test was strongly positive (>1:320) and showed an anti-centromere pattern. Anti-extractable nuclear antibody(ENA) assay showed anti-mitochondrial and anti- CENP B antibodies. Liver biopsy revealed overlap syndrome (primary biliary cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis). : This patient had celiac disease, primary biliary cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis. Extensive immunological workup unexpectedly revealed the presence of anti-centromere protein B (anti-CENP B) antibodies which are strongly associated with CREST syndrome. Clinical re-evaluation of the patient gave clues of the evolving CREST syndrome. This case report highlights the importance of adequate immunological investigations in conjunction with clinical information for adequate patient management to achieve favorable consequences in the future. Conclusion: Patients suffering from an autoimmune disease need special attention as multiple immune- mediated disorders may be present simultaneously or sequentially during the course of the disease process. MAS patients are at a higher risk of acquiring infections and tumor development due to prolonged use of immunosuppressants. These patients need close surveillance for the development of another autoimmune disease, so as to control the current disease and to prevent future complications. This case report emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach including an immunologist who may facilitate a better understanding of disorders related to the breakdown of immune tolerance.

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Heslinga, Maaike, Mark M. J. Nielen, Yvo Smulders, Suat Simsek, and Mike T. Nurmohamed. "Amplified prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients with inflammatory arthritis and coexistent autoimmune disorders." Rheumatology 59, no. 9 (2020): 2448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kez650.

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Abstract Objective This study aims to assess the prevalence proportion and incidence rate of cardiovascular morbidity in patients with inflammatory arthritis compared with that in controls, and to determine whether the co-existence of multiple autoimmune disorders is associated with an amplified risk of cardiovascular disease. Methods Data from the Nivel Primary Care Database were used to assess prevalence proportion and incidence rate of cardiovascular disease in patients with inflammatory arthritis only, patients with inflammatory arthritis coexistent with another autoimmune disorder, and controls. Hazard ratios were calculated using Cox regression models. Results The prevalence proportions in inflammatory arthritis patients were increased for type 1 diabetes [odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95% CI: 1.27, 2.55], hypothyroidism (OR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.61), psoriasis (OR 2.72, 95% CI: 2.49, 2.97) and IBD (OR 2.64, 95% CI: 2.28, 3.07) compared with that in controls. Cardiovascular disease prevalence (OR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.28, 1.41) and incidence rates (incidence rate ratio 1.3, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.41) were higher in inflammatory arthritis patients compared with that in controls, and were further increased in the presence of a second autoimmune disorder. The hazard ratio for cardiovascular disease was 1.32 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.41) for patients with inflammatory arthritis only, and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.31, 1.68) for patients with inflammatory arthritis co-existent with another autoimmune disorder. Conclusion The amplification of cardiovascular disease risk in inflammatory arthritis patients with multiple autoimmune disorders warrants greater awareness, and since autoimmune disorders often co-exist, the need for cardiovascular risk management in these patients is once again emphasized.

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Simabukuro, Mateus Mistieri, Christian Henrique de Andrade Freitas, and Luiz Henrique Martins Castro. "A patient with a long history of relapsing psychosis and mania presenting with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis ten years after first episode." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 9, no. 3 (2015): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642015dn93000016.

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Anti-N-methyl- D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a recently discovered autoimmune disorder, in which antibodies target NMDARs in the brain, leading to their removal from synapses. Early in the disease course, patients often present with marked psychosis and mood disturbances (i.e. mania, depression), explaining why most of these patients are first seen by psychiatrists. Hence, autoimmune encephalitis is receiving growing attention from psychiatry, mainly owing to concerns over misdiagnosing immunomediated and potentially curable disorders as primary psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia or major depressive disorder. Although anti-NMDAR encephalitis occurs in the context of new-onset psychiatric symptoms, there is a lack of information on differential diagnosis and treatment of this disorder after a long-term diagnostic history of functional psychiatric disorders. We report a case of a patient with a long history of bipolar affective disorder evolving with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, initially misdiagnosed as non-organic psychosis.

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Balint, Bettina. "Autoimmune Movement Disorders." CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology 30, no. 4 (2024): 1088–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/con.0000000000001455.

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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This article reviews the clinical and antibody spectrum of autoimmune cerebellar ataxia and other autoimmune movement disorders. It highlights characteristic phenotypes and red flags to the diagnosis and how these rare, but treatable, disorders are integrated into a differential diagnosis. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS An increasing number of neuronal antibodies have been identified in patients with cerebellar ataxia, for example, against Kelch-like protein 11 (KLHL11), seizure-related 6 homolog–like 2, septin-3 and septin-5, or tripartite motif containing protein 9 (TRIM9), TRIM46, and TRIM67. Ig-like cell adhesion molecule 5 (IgLON5) antibody–associated syndromes have emerged as an important alternative diagnostic consideration to various neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington disease or atypical parkinsonism. Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome emerged as the most relevant parainfectious movement disorder related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). ESSENTIAL POINTS Autoimmune cerebellar ataxia and other autoimmune movement disorders encompass a broad spectrum of different clinical syndromes, antibodies, and immunopathophysiologic mechanisms. Clinical acumen is key to identifying the cases that should undergo testing for neuronal antibodies. Given the overlap between phenotypes and antibodies, panel testing in serum and CSF is recommended.

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Sharma, Nalin, Aman Sharma, Neeraj Singla, and Navneet Sharma. "Multiple autoimmune disorders in a patient with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder presenting with rhabdomyolysis." BMJ Case Reports 15, no. 6 (2022): e249102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-249102.

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Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterised by longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis and involvement of the optic nerve and is associated with many autoimmune disorders. The index case, a known case of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, presented with quadriparesis and tea-coloured urine. Investigations revealed ongoing rhabdomyolysis related to autoimmune myositis and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia leading to pigment-induced acute kidney injury. Suspicion of other autoimmune disease prompted an immunological workup, which showed a positive Schirmer’s test and a positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) antibody test, disclosing Sjögren’s syndrome. Lack of improvement in muscle power with corticosteroids despite reduction in muscle enzymes led to an MRI of the spine, which showed longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis and involvement of the intracranial segment of the right optic nerve. These findings, along with a positive test for aquaporin-4 antibodies, confirmed NMOSD. Treatment with cyclophosphamide led to improvement in muscle power to grade 4 at discharge.

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Kidwai, Saera Suhail, and Hoori Shahwar. "DOWN’s syndrome with Systemic Lupus Erythematosis: Never turn a blind eye." Discussion of Clinical Cases 6, no. 4 (2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/dcc.v6n4p17.

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Down’s syndrome (DS, Trisomy 21) with a prevalence of 1:8,000 live births is considered the most common genetic chromosomal disorder, with an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. In addition to physical and mental developmental delays and disabilities being a challenge to this disorder, vulnerability of DS patients to a variety of autoimmune diseases like diabetes, thyroid disorders and celiac disease is also well established suggesting impaired immune response especially cell mediated immunity. In the last 3 decades, a few cases of Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE) have been identified and reported internationally, this case report adds to this rare association and also endorses the need to carefully evaluate and investigate the DS individuals for the presence of connective tissue disorders especially if there is already an existing autoimmune disorder like diabetes, celiac or thyroid disorder.

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Restrepo-Martinez, Miguel, Vaughan Bell, and Jesus Ramirez-Bermudez. "Cognitive disorders in patients with neuroimmunological disease." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 38, no. 2 (2025): 126–33. https://doi.org/10.1097/yco.0000000000000977.

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Purpose of review Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), and autoimmune encephalitis can directly and indirectly affect brain function, leading to cognitive dysfunction or well characterized neurocognitive syndromes. However, these are often poorly characterized in the literature. Here, we review evidence on clinical manifestations, risk factors, their assessment and outcomes, and evidence for underlying mechanisms and associated biomarkers, if available. Recent findings Significant advances have been made in neurocognitive disorders associated with four categories of autoimmune disease: neurocognitive disorders due to autoimmune connective tissue diseases, neurocognitive disorders due to autoimmune demyelinating diseases of the CNS, neurocognitive disorders due to autoimmune encephalitis, and neurocognitive disorders due to cerebrovascular disease of autoimmune origin. Summary Autoimmune diseases should be considered as critical causal factors underlying new cases of neurocognitive disorder, especially in young patients. These diseases are mediated by immune system reactions involving antibody production, T-cell-mediated damage, and demyelination. Although the prognosis seems favourable in most conditions after immunotherapy, the magnitude of the therapeutic effect of immunotherapy on cognitive functioning remains unclear.

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Ryder, Alex B., Jeanne E. Hendrickson, and Christopher A. Tormey. "Chronic Inflammatory Autoimmune Disorders Are a Risk Factor for Blood Group Alloimmunization in Transfused Patients." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 4294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4294.4294.

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Abstract Background: Alloimmunization to red blood cell (RBC) antigens is a clinically-significant problem, but the mechanisms underlying antibody induction remain poorly understood. Data from murine models has suggested that inflammation can promote blood group alloimmunization. To our knowledge, only one group (Ramsey & Smietana, Transfusion 1995;35:582) has examined the influence of inflammation on RBC alloimmunization; however, study subjects were predominantly female, making it difficult to determine the contribution of inflammation towards transfusion-related alloimmunization. Thus, the aim of our study was to examine whether inflammation associated with chronic autoimmune disorders increases the risk for development of transfusion-related RBC alloantibodies in a primarily male patient cohort. Methods: The transfusion records of alloimmunized patients at a Veterans’ Affairs facility were extracted from a large database of individuals who underwent type and screen testing from 1961 through May, 2014. For alloimmunized patients, the following information was retrospectively collected: 1) demographic data including gender, 2) the number and specificity of alloantibodies reactive at 37°C and/or antihuman globulin phase, and 3) the presence of an underlying chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder (and the specific diagnosis, as applicable). In addition, the records of 250 randomly-selected patients undergoing RBC administration were reviewed to establish the transfusion rate among individuals with chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorders. Results: Among all patients undergoing type and screen testing at our facility, 220 had one or more detectable alloantibodies. Patients with a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder constituted nearly 16% (35/220) of total alloimmunized individuals. These patients formed 50 total alloantibodies (1.4 antibodies per alloimmunized patient). Anti-D (n=10) and anti-K (n=10) were the two most common alloantibodies detected in this group, followed by anti-E (n=8) and anti-C (n=6). Men represented about 86% (30/35) of alloimmunized patients with an autoimmune disorder, indicating that the vast majority of detected antibodies resulted from transfusion rather than pregnancy. The most common autoimmune disorder among alloimmunized patients was psoriasis (9/33; 27%), followed by rheumatoid arthritis (6/33; 18%). Examination of the charts of randomly-selected patients who underwent RBC transfusion showed that 8.4% (21/250) had an underlying chronic inflammatory disorder. The ratio of alloimmunized patients with an autoimmune disease to those without one was significantly different than the ratio of transfused patients with an autoimmune disease to those without one (P=0.012, chi square test; P=0.018, chi square test with Yates’ correction for continuity). Conclusions: Patients with autoimmune diseases represented a substantial portion of individuals with transfusion-associated alloantibodies. Patients with chronic inflammatory disorders formed alloantibodies at nearly double the rate at which they were transfused. As such, precautionary interventions (e.g., extended phenotypic matching for K, E, and C antigens) may be warranted for patients with chronic inflammatory disorders. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Mondal, Arijit, Soumi Ghosh, and Sourav Bag. "Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal Infection (PANDAS): A Case Series." Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth 17, no. 1 (2023): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_569_22.

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ABSTRACT Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal infection (PANDAS) is rare neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized mainly by abrupt onset obsessive compulsive disorder and tic disorder following recent Streptococcal infection. Lack of awareness regarding the disorder leads to less number of recorded clinical cases in the literature. Here, we report a series of three cases of PANDAS associated with features of obsessive compulsive disorders and tic disorder with clinical discussion. All these three cases were positive for antistreptococcal antibody titer and history of recent streptococcal infection.

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Biswal, Shreya, and Prasun Chatterjee. "Tuberculosis-induced Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia." Journal of the Indian Academy of Geriatrics 20, no. 3 (2024): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jiag.jiag_15_24.

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Abstract Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare disorder characterized by antibodies against one’s own red blood cells, often difficult to diagnose and treat in the elderly. It can be secondary to an infection, drug, or a myeloproliferative disorder. We report a rare case of tuberculosis (TB)-induced AIHA in an older woman. A 70-year-old woman complained of progressive weakness, weight loss, and abdominal pain over 6 months. Examination revealed anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly. Routine blood investigations showed pancytopenia and Coombs test that was positive for autoantibodies. Workup for autoimmune disease like systemic lupus erythematosis was negative. Lymphoma, disseminated TB, and lymphoproliferative disorders were considered. Bone marrow biopsy was reported as normal. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage. A diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia secondary to disseminated TB was made. She was treated with steroids and antitubercular therapy, which improved her health and laboratory parameters. A positron emission tomography–computed tomography showed the resolution of splenic lesions and reduced metabolic activity of mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes.

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Ashraf, Hajra, Paolo Solla, and Leonardo Atonio Sechi. "Current Advancement of Immunomodulatory Drugs as Potential Pharmacotherapies for Autoimmunity Based Neurological Diseases." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 9 (2022): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15091077.

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Dramatic advancement has been made in recent decades to understand the basis of autoimmunity-mediated neurological diseases. These diseases create a strong influence on the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), leading to various clinical manifestations and numerous symptoms. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent autoimmune neurological disease while NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is less common. Furthermore, evidence supports the presence of autoimmune mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive death of motor neurons. Additionally, autoimmunity is believed to be involved in the basis of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. In recent years, the prevalence of autoimmune-based neurological disorders has been elevated and current findings strongly suggest the role of pharmacotherapies in controlling the progression of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, this review focused on the current advancement of immunomodulatory drugs as novel approaches in the management of autoimmune neurological diseases and their future outlook.

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Brown, Kayla, Laura Corlin, Maureen Dubreuil, Tien Tran, Hannah Brown, and Christina Borba. "M87. PREVALENCE OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH PRIMARY PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS AT BOSTON MEDICAL CENTER." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (2020): S167—S168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.399.

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Abstract Background The prevalence of autoimmune diseases is higher among individuals with psychiatric illnesses than in the general population. It is unknown if the prevalence of autoimmune diseases differs among people with different primary psychotic disorders. Our objective was to assess whether the prevalence of autoimmune diseases differs among people with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, affective (bipolar/depression) psychosis, and other psychotic disorders (delusional, brief psychotic, schizophreniform, or unspecified psychosis). Methods For our cross-sectional study, we used International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes to identify individuals with primary psychotic disorders/unspecified psychoses who received treatment at Boston Medical Center between October 2003 and May 2019. Individuals with other/unspecified psychosis with an organic cause and individuals with unspecified psychosis, brief psychotic disorder with coinciding drug withdrawal, post-partum psychosis, or drug-induced mental illness, confusion, or seizure were excluded. Autoimmune diseases were categorized as systemic or as one of seven organ-specific subgroups (dermatological, endocrinological, gastroenterological, hematological, non-systemic connective tissue, and neurological). Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare differences in prevalence of autoimmune diseases among individuals with different psychoses adjusting for age, sex, and race. We also considered sex and race-stratified analyses. Results Of the 13,938 individuals (mean age = 43 years; 58% male) diagnosed with psychosis, 55% had schizophrenia, 17% had affective psychosis, and 29% had other/unspecified psychosis. Overall, nearly 9% of individuals with psychosis had at least one autoimmune disease (8% with schizophrenia, 11% with affective psychosis, and 8% with other/unspecified psychosis). The most prevalent autoimmune disease subgroups were systemic (39%), dermatological (26%), and endocrinological (23%). Compared to individuals with schizophrenia, individuals with affective psychosis had increased odds of having any autoimmune disease (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.63), dermatological autoimmune diseases (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.07), or endocrinological autoimmune diseases (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.12). Compared to individuals with schizoaffective as the only psychosis diagnosis, individuals with affective psychosis had increased odds of having any autoimmune disease (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.66) and individuals with schizophrenia had decreased odds of having neurological autoimmune diseases (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.96). Among individuals with any psychotic disorder, females were 95% more likely to have any autoimmune disease (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.72, 2.20). No racial differences were observed overall; however, compared to individuals who identified as white, individuals who identified as Black, Hispanic, and Asian had decreased odds of having gastroenterological autoimmune diseases (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.76), neurological autoimmune diseases (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.83), and systemic autoimmune diseases (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.80), respectively, while Black individuals had increased odds of having systemic autoimmune diseases (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.81). Discussion The prevalence of autoimmune diseases varied among people with different primary psychotic disorders, and certain associations were modified by sex and race. Clinicians may consider additional screening for autoimmune diseases among individuals with psychosis.

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Kabir, Ahmedul, Aparna Das, Mohammad Shahidul Islam, Mohammad Shahin Masud, Fathima Aaysha Cader, and Sharah Jahan. "Autoimmune Haemolysis in Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Case Report & Review of Literature." Journal of Medicine 14, no. 2 (2014): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v14i2.19686.

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Visceral Leishmaniasis is a very common but neglected disorder in Bangladesh. It can remain subclinical or become symptomatic with an acute, sub acute or chronic course. Atypical presentations can be equally challenging to the clinician. Visceral leishmaniasis is associated with various autoimmune phenomena. Sometimes it can mimic any autoimmune disorders including Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA), SLE, and Rheumatoid Arthritis etc. Here, we describe a case of visceral leishmaniasis with Coombs positive autoimmune hemolytic anemia.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v14i2.19686 J Medicine 2013, 14(2): 198-200

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Abdelrazak Mansour Ali, Radwa Abdelrazak Ali, and Mohamed Abdeltawab Ibrahim. "A study discovered the role of carbon dioxide in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 12, no. 2 (2024): 676–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.12.2.1228.

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The incidence of autoimmune disorders has increased with the rise in carbon dioxide since last century. Objective: To determine whether CO2 is associated with autoimmune disorders. Design: Case-control study at local tertiary hospitals in Egypt. Methods: A total of 150 patients with various autoimmune disorders, and 75 controls were aged 20 to 70 years. The exclusion criteria were neuromuscular disorder, critical, respiratory illness, and exposure to CO2, guided by the criteria of the National Institute for Occupational Safety. Patients recruited from November 2023 to March 2024, matched by age, sex, and other demographic variables. All participants were tested for blood gases. Certain cases were further tested to confirm the autoimmune status. Pa CO2 analysis performed using two methods of statistical significance to validate data. Results, Pa CO2 (Mean ± SD) was (48.18 ± 12.10) in autoimmune cases, compared to (42.63 ± 11.06) in control (p= 0.001). Number (%) of cases with ↑PaCO2= 97(64.7%) for cases, and 30(40%) for control (RR=1.6167). OR (95% CI) = 2.7453 (1.552 to 4.857), p=0.0005. Conclusion. Our study confirmed a correlation between CO2 and autoimmune disorders. The mechanism is a complex interplay between direct effect of CO2 on cell membrane, calcium “Ca2+ “homeostasis and signaling pathways. CO2 thermic effect increases the mobility of antibodies to move away from the antigens which elicited their secretion, then CO2 protonation increases electrostatic interactions between anionic cell membranes and positive charge of antibodies, thus orienting antibodies to host antigens initiating autoimmune reaction. The significant autoimmune phenomena in skin and musculoskeletal system are due to these tissues have more cells with negative charges. Pattern of gene expression to CO2 thermal effect imposes differences in mRNA gene translation with various phenotypic expression. CO2 directs pathways providing benefits to autoimmunity. A new autoimmune disorder treatment is proposed. Membrane receptors that absorb heat energy reemitted from CO2 would produce various oscillations of the electron cloud culminating in various phenotypic expression. Due to our study results, it is expectable that a new treatment of autoimmune disorders will prevail in the future.

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Russo, Pierre A., Pierre Brochu, Ernest G. Seidman, and Claude C. Roy. "Autoimmune Enteropathy." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 2, no. 1 (1999): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100249900092.

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Autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) is an entity reported primarily in infancy, resulting in intractable diarrhea and associated with small bowel villous atrophy and the presence of circulating anti-enterocyte (AEA) antibodies. It is a multisystem disorder with a response, in many cases, to immunosuppressive therapy.

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Oiso, Naoki, Tamio Suzuki, Kazuyoshi Fukai, Ichiro Katayama, and Akira Kawada. "Nonsegmental Vitiligo and Autoimmune Mechanism." Dermatology Research and Practice 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/518090.

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Nonsegmental vitiligo is a depigmented skin disorder showing acquired, progressive, and depigmented lesions of the skin, mucosa, and hair. It is believed to be caused mainly by the autoimmune loss of melanocytes from the involved areas. It is frequently associated with other autoimmune diseases, particularly autoimmune thyroid diseases including Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, psoriasis, pernicious anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, Addison's disease, and alopecia areata. This indicates the presence of genetically determined susceptibility to not only vitiligo but also to other autoimmune disorders. Here, we summarize current understanding of autoimmune pathogenesis in non-segmental vitiligo.

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Abdelrazak, Mansour Ali, Abdelrazak Ali Radwa, and Abdeltawab Ibrahim Mohamed. "A study discovered the role of carbon dioxide in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders." Archives of Medicine 16, no. 4 (2024): 10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15037250.

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The incidence of autoimmune disorders has increased with rise of carbon dioxide since last century. Objective: To determine whether CO2 is associated with autoimmune disorders. Design: Case-control study at local tertiary hospitals in Egypt. Method: A total of 150 cases of various autoimmune disorders, and 75 controls were 20 to 70 years of age. Exclusion criteria were neuromuscular disorder, critical, respiratory illness, and exposure to CO2, guided by criteria of National Institute for Occupational Safety. Cases recruited from November 2023 to March 2024, matched by age, sex, and other demographic variables. All participants were tested for blood gases. Certain cases were further tested to confirm autoimmune status. PaCO2 analysis performed using two methods of statistical significance to validate data. Results: PaCO2 (Mean ± SD) was (48.18 ± 12.10) in autoimmune cases, compared to (42.63 ± 11.06) in control (p= 0.001), number (%) of cases with ↑PaCO2 = 97(64.7%) for cases, and 30(40%) for control (RR=1.6167). OR (95% CI) = 2.7453 (1.552 to 4.857), p=0.0005. Conclusion: Our study confirmed a correlation between CO2 and autoimmune disorders. The mechanism is a complex interplay between direct effect of CO2 on cell membrane, calcium “Ca2+ “homeostasis and signaling pathways. CO2 thermic effect increases mobility of antibodies to move away from antigens elicited their secretion, and then CO2 protonation increases electrostatic interactions between anionic cell membranes and positive charge of antibodies, thus orienting antibodies to host antigens initiating autoimmune reaction. The significant autoimmune phenomena in skin and musculoskeletal system are due to these tissues have more cells with negative charges. Pattern of gene expression to CO2 thermal effect imposes differences in mRNA gene translation with various phenotypic expression. CO2 directs pathways providing benefits to autoimmunity. A new autoimmune disorder treatment is proposed. The pattern of gene expression thermal effect imposes differences in mRNA gene translation. Membrane receptors absorb heat energy reemitted from CO2 would produce various oscillations of the electron cloud culminating in various phenotypic expression. CO2 directs pathways to benefit the autoimmune process. It is expectable that a new treatment of autoimmune disorders will prevail in the future.

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Sarbay, Hakan, Billur Cosan Sarbay, Mehmet Akın, Halil Kocamaz, and Mahya Sultan Tosun. "Celiac Disease Presenting with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura." Case Reports in Hematology 2017 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6341321.

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Celiac disease (CD) is an immunological disorder. Clinical manifestations occur as a result of intestinal mucosa damage and malabsorption. CD is also associated with extraintestinal manifestations and autoimmune disorders. The coexistence of CD and autoimmune diseases has been described before. In this article, a patient with CD presenting with thrombocytopenia is discussed.

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Chinmay, Halder, Akbar Fasihul, Pal Dayamay, and Adhikary Mrinmoy. "Clinico-Epidemiological Profile and Association of Autoimmune Disorders among Alopecia Areata Patients: A Hospital Based Study." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 9 (2023): 1057–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11372505.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease associated with other autoimmune diseases such as atopic dermatitis, thyroid diseases including Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, vitiligo, psoriasis, lichen planus, addison’s disease, pernicious anemia, lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus etc. <strong>Aims:</strong> To describe the clinic-demographic profile of alopecia areata; to find out the incidence of different clinical patterns and search for prevalence of other autoimmune disorders in association with alopecia areata. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This study was conducted on 120 patients with alopecia areata of any age and both sexes attending dermatology OPD. Same number of age and sex matched patients with cutaneous disorders other than alopecia areata were included in the control group. All the patients were interviewed regarding detail demographic data, clinical pattern of alopecia areata, thoroughly examined to search for other cutaneous as well as systemic autoimmune diseases. All the patients were screened with thyroxin, triiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and microsomal antibody (Anti-TPO Ab) levels and few baseline investigations. Other laboratory investigations were done to diagnose other autoimmune diseases. <strong>Results:</strong> In this study, mean age of 26.21 years with 87.5% of patients under 40 years of age. 87 (72.5%) patients were of patchy alopecia areata where most of the cases were of mild (S1) variety (84, 70%). 7 (5.83%) patients had vitiligo, which was the most frequently occurring associated cutaneous autoimmune disorder. Out of 120 alopecia areata patients, 11 (9.16%) patients had thyroid disorders, which was the most frequently occurring associated systemic autoimmune disorder where 14 (11.66%) were found to have elevated Anti-TPO Antibody level compared to only 3 (2.65%) patients of control group. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In our study patchy alopecia areata was most frequent, majority were of mild variety; and vitiligo was the most frequently associated cutaneous autoimmune disorder. This study also indicated about the high incidence of elevated thyroid autoantibody (Anti-TPO) level and thyroid functional disorders associated with alopecia areata prompting us to perform thyroid function tests and thyroid autoantibody tests routinely for all patients with alopecia areata.    

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Tanaka, Masato, and Yasunobu Miyake. "Apoptotic Cell Clearance and Autoimmune Disorder." Current Medicinal Chemistry 14, no. 27 (2007): 2892–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986707782360006.

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38

Singh, Bhandari Gurbir, and Jasleen Kaur. "A rare autoimmune disorder – Behçet’s disease." Adesh University Journal of Medical Sciences & Research 1 (December 27, 2019): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/aujmsr_9_2019.

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Behçet’s disease (BD) is a rare autoimmune disorder also classified as a variable vessel vasculitis which is characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcerations, eye involvement, musculoskeletal symptoms, and other systemic features. Clinical presentation may vary from simple mucocutaneous manifestations to life-threatening pulmonary artery aneurysms and central nervous system involvement. The disease is much more severe in males as compared to females in contrast to all other autoimmune diseases where vice versa is true. Diagnosis is predominantly made by clinical presentation according to the International Criteria for BD. Early initiation of treatment is important as it can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not treated. Glucocorticoids along with other immunosuppressants are the mainstay of treatment.

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Rieux-Laucat, F., and A. Magerus-Chatinet. "Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome: a multifactorial disorder." Haematologica 95, no. 11 (2010): 1805–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2010.030395.

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40

Rashtak, Shadi, Eric V. Marietta, and Joseph A. Murray. "Celiac sprue: a unique autoimmune disorder." Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 5, no. 5 (2009): 593–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/eci.09.30.

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41

Peła, Zuzanna, Maria Gałecka, Agnieszka Murgrabia, Aneta Kondratowicz, and Piotr Gałecki. "Depressive Disorder and Dermatological Autoimmune Diseases." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 11 (2024): 3224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13113224.

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Depressive disorders are a growing problem worldwide. They are also characterized by high comorbidity, including from the circle of dermatological diseases. Autoimmune diseases seem to be particularly correlated with depressive comorbidity, raising the question of their possible common pathomechanism. The PubMed database was searched, focusing on results published after 2016. A particular reciprocal correlation of depressive disorders with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, impetigo, lupus and systemic scleroderma was found. One possible explanation for the co-occurrence of the above diseases is that the inflammatory theory may be applicable to depression, the various elements of which also apply to autoimmune diseases.

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Robinson, Richard. "Is Parkinsonʼs Disease an Autoimmune Disorder?" Neurology Today 19, № 17 (2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nt.0000581840.48884.a5.

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Takehara, K. "Localized scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder." Rheumatology 44, no. 3 (2005): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keh487.

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Bhandari, Sadgun. "Bipolar affective disorder and autoimmune disease." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 13, no. 2 (1996): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700002524.

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AbstractIn Bipolar affective disorder, the importance of genetic factors is well established through family, twin and adoption studies. However the exact mode of inheritance is not yet known. Genetic studies using DNA linkage have been attempted to identify susceptibility genes. Linkage studies of chromosome 11 and X chromosome have proved to be inconclusive. Recent studies have focused on chromosome 18 and 21, although confirmatory findings are awaited. As such, determining which part of the genome needs to be studied remains a problem. One way of overcoming this is to look for ‘candidate’ genes, ie. genes for which a priori evidence exists that a susceptibility gene may be located nearby.Such strategies have been used for example, trying to identify genes of interest by looking at association between chromosomal aberrations and bipolar affective disorder, and the study of co-segregation of certain diseases with affective disorder. More studies are needed to provide regions of interest. I would like to report three cases of bipolar affective disorder with a rare autoimmune disorder, cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.

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LEBOVIC, D., and R. NAZ. "Premature ovarian failure: Think ?autoimmune disorder?" Sexuality, Reproduction and Menopause 2, no. 4 (2004): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sram.2004.11.010.

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Sollid, Ludvig M., and Bana Jabri. "Is celiac disease an autoimmune disorder?" Current Opinion in Immunology 17, no. 6 (2005): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2005.09.015.

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He, Bo, Zhibing Lu, Wenbo He, Bing Huang, and Hong Jiang. "Ventricular arrhythmias as an autoimmune disorder?" International Journal of Cardiology 203 (January 2016): 1011–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.11.095.

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Iseme, Rosebella A., Mark Mcevoy, Brian Kelly, Linda Agnew, Frederick R. Walker, and John Attia. "Is osteoporosis an autoimmune mediated disorder?" Bone Reports 7 (December 2017): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2017.10.003.

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Malhotra, Neha, and Jeremiah Levine. "Eosinophilic Esophagitis: An Autoimmune Esophageal Disorder." Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care 44, no. 11 (2014): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2014.10.004.

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Benros, Michael E. "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Autoimmune Diseases." Biological Psychiatry 77, no. 4 (2015): 312–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.12.006.

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