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Journal articles on the topic 'Autoimmune system; Muscle'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Sweeney, Michael. "Autoimmune Neurologic Diseases in Children." Seminars in Neurology 38, no. 03 (2018): 355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660520.

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AbstractAutoimmune diseases of the nervous system in children are composed of a heterogeneous group of rare disorders that can affect the central or peripheral nervous system at any level. Presentations may occur in children of any age and are typically acute or subacute in onset. Consideration of an autoimmune process as the etiology of neurologic diseases in children is important, as it may lead to early initiation of immunotherapy and an improvement in long-term neurologic outcomes. The developing nervous and immune systems in children create unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment of

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Zhang, Tan, Xin Feng, Bo Feng, et al. "CARDIAC TROPONIN T MEDIATED AUTOIMMUNE RESPONSE AND ITS ROLE IN SKELETAL MUSCLE AGING." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3231.

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Abstract Cardiac troponin T (cTnT), a key component of contractile machinery essential for muscle contraction, is also expressed in skeletal muscle under certain conditions (e.g. neuromuscular diseases and aging). We have reported that skeletal muscle cTnT regulates neuromuscular junction denervation preferentially in fast skeletal muscle of old mice. Here, we further report that cTnT is also enriched within some myofibers, and/or along microvascular walls in old mice fast skeletal muscle. Strikingly, immunoglobulin G (IgG), together with markers of complement system activation, cell death (ne

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3

Mathis, Stéphane, Laurent Magy, Philippe Corcia, et al. "Simultaneous Combined Myositis, Inflammatory Polyneuropathy, and Overlap Myasthenic Syndrome." Case Reports in Neurological Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6108234.

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Immune-mediated neuromuscular disorders include pathologies of the peripheral nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscles. If overlap syndromes (or the association of almost two autoimmune disorders) are recognized, the simultaneous occurrence of several autoimmune neuromuscular disorders is rare. We describe two patients presenting the simultaneous occurrence of inflammatory neuropathy, myositis, and myasthenia gravis (with positive acetylcholine receptor antibodies). For each patient, we carried out a pathological analysis (nerve and muscle) and an electrophysiological study (and fol

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Jacob, Saiju. "Myasthenia Gravis – A Review of Current Therapeutic Options." European Neurological Review 13, no. 2 (2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2018.13.2.86.

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Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder that leads to skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue. The autoimmune attack is caused by autoantibodies against the acetylcholine postsynaptic receptors at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles. However, other antigenic targets that are components of the neuromuscular junction have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of MG. The current standard of care is immunosuppressive therapy; however, many existing therapeutic options have not been validated for use in MG in large randomised controlled trials. Furthermore, around 10% of patient

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Amaya-Amaya, Jenny, Laura Montoya-Sánchez, and Adriana Rojas-Villarraga. "Cardiovascular Involvement in Autoimmune Diseases." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/367359.

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Autoimmune diseases (AD) represent a broad spectrum of chronic conditions that may afflict specific target organs or multiple systems with a significant burden on quality of life. These conditions have common mechanisms including genetic and epigenetics factors, gender disparity, environmental triggers, pathophysiological abnormalities, and certain subphenotypes. Atherosclerosis (AT) was once considered to be a degenerative disease that was an inevitable consequence of aging. However, research in the last three decades has shown that AT is not degenerative or inevitable. It is an autoimmune-in

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Troshina, Ekaterina A., Elena A. Panfilova, and Taras S. Panevin. "Autoimmune polyglandular disorders in myotonic dystrophy." Problems of Endocrinology 65, no. 3 (2019): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl9775.

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Myotonic dystrophy (MD) is the most common muscle disorder in adults. MD is a hereditary disease with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, almost 100% penetrance and pronounced clinical polymorphism. The mechanism for the development of the disease is that a mutation of the DMPK (dystrophia myotonica protein kinase) gene disrupts the normal metabolism of RNA, which leads to a defect in the maturation and translation of mRNA. The disorder in the DMPK gene affects not only striated musculature, but also smooth myocytes and cardiomyocytes. The main clinical symptom that distinguishes MD fro

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Shidlovskyi, V. O., O. V. Shidlovskyi, and V. V. Kravtsiv. "The effect of autoimmune thyroiditis on the organs and systems of the body (a literature review)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine) 17, no. 2 (2021): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0721.17.2.2021.230569.

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Background. In recent years, scientific reports on the effects of autoimmune thyroiditis on the body have been published. They concern separate organs and systems that does not allow receiving the general picture of pathological reactions of the body to autoimmune aggression. The review analyzes the literature sources about the pathological significance of autoimmune thyroiditis for the body as a whole. Sources of information. The sources of information were reports in domestic and, mainly, foreign periodicals on general medicine, pathophysiology, immunology, and endocrinology. Synthesis of

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Pejin, Radoslav, Edita Stokic, Mile Novkovic, Sofija Banic-Horvat, and Milan Cvijanovic. "Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, type 2 associated with myasthenia gravis." Vojnosanitetski pregled 69, no. 4 (2012): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1204358p.

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Introduction. Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 is defined as adrenal insufficiency associated with autoimmune primary hypothyroidism and/or with autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus, but very rare with myasthenia gravis. Case report. We presented a case of an autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, type 2 associated with myasthenia gravis. A 49-year-old female with symptoms of muscle weakness and low serum levels of cortisol and aldosterone was already diagnosed with primary adrenal insufficiency. Primary hypothyroidism was identified with low values of free thyroxine 4 (FT4) and raised valu

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Hristov, K. "OBESITY, INFLAMMATION, AND T-CELL METABOLISM." Trakia Journal of Sciences 17, no. 4 (2019): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2019.04.017.

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Aim: The overview of the interdependence of the immune system and the system metabolism. Regulation of metabolism is immunomodulatory, and targeting key cellular metabolic enzymes impacts T-cell development, altering the immune functions. Background: The diet, gastrointestinal microbiota and the balanced function of liver, adipose and muscle tissues underlie the immune ecology. Chronic inflammation (macrophage, TH1, and TH17 T-cell infiltration) associates with obesity, and the development of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, IBD and intestinal malignancies. While n

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Váncsa, Andrea, and Katalin Dankó. "Újabb adatok a myositisspecifikus és -asszociált antitestekről juvenilis és felnőttkori myositisekben." Orvosi Hetilap 157, no. 30 (2016): 1179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2016.30404.

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Myositis, which means inflammation of the muscles, is a general term used for inflammatory myopathies. Myositis is a rare idiopathic autoimmune disease. It is believed that environmental factors such as virus, bacteria, parasites, direct injuries, drugs side effect can trigger the immune system of genetically susceptible individuals to act against muscle tissues. There are several types of myositis with the same systemic symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle pain and inflammation. These include dermatomyositis, juvenile dermatomyositis, inclusion-body myositis, polymyositis, orbita

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Furmaniak, J., J. Bradbury, and B. Rees Smith. "Antibodies to membrane antigens in autoimmune thyroid disease." Acta Endocrinologica 116, no. 1 (1987): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1160013.

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Abstract. The possibility that sera from patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases contain autoantibodies to thyroid membrane proteins distinct from microsomal antigen and the TSH receptor has been investigated using (a) solid phase assay system based on human thyroid membranes and 125I-labelled protein A and (b) immunoprecipitation of detergent solubilized 125I-labelled thyroid membranes followed by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. In the solid phase assay binding to membranes showed a highly significant correlation with binding to microsomes (r = 0.82; P < 0.001; N = 82) indicatin

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Plastiras, Sotiris C., and Haralampos M. Moutsopoulos. "Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances in Autoimmune Rheumatic Disorders." Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review 10, no. 1 (2021): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/aer.2020.43.

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Rhythm and conduction disturbances and sudden cardiac death are important manifestations of cardiac involvement in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD), which have a serious impact on morbidity and mortality. While the underlying arrhythmogenic mechanisms are multifactorial, myocardial fibrosis plays a pivotal role. It accounts for a substantial portion of cardiac mortality and may manifest as atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, conduction system abnormalities, biventricular cardiac failure or sudden death. In patients with ARD, myocardial fibrosis is considered to be the hallmark of cardiac in

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Milanick, Mark, Kerri Graham, and Melissa Wessel. "Why Is That Dog Paralyzed? A Problem-Based Case & Laboratory Exercise about Neuromuscular Transmission." American Biology Teacher 75, no. 1 (2013): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2013.75.1.8.

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Students are provided with a mystery concerning dogs that are paralyzed. This motivates a laboratory exercise to measure parameters from the dog’s “blood” to determine whether the paralysis is due to pesticide poisoning or an autoimmune attack on nerve myelin. Most of the materials are available from the grocery store. The real-world nature of the problem, and the mystery, engages the students in thinking about nerve, muscle, and immune system function. Alternative versions require less familiarity with physiology and can be used as engagement activities to encourage learning laboratory skills

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Carranza-León, D. A., A. Oeser, A. Marton, et al. "Tissue sodium content in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: association with disease activity and markers of inflammation." Lupus 29, no. 5 (2020): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203320908934.

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Objectives Sodium (Na+) is stored in the skin and muscle and plays an important role in immune regulation. In animal models, increased tissue Na+ is associated with activation of the immune system, and high salt intake exacerbates autoimmune disease and worsens hypertension. However, there is no information about tissue Na+ and human autoimmune disease. We hypothesized that muscle and skin Na+ content is (a) higher in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) than in control subjects, and (b) associated with blood pressure, disease activity, and inflammation markers (interleukin (IL)-6,

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Bondar', Irina Arkad'evna, and Vadim Valer'evich Klimontov. "The role of CD40 receptor-ligand system in the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications." Diabetes mellitus 14, no. 3 (2011): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-6219.

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The CD40 receptor-CD40 ligand system, along with other signal molecules, plays an important role in the development of immune and inflammatoryreactions. CD40R and CD40L are expressed in lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, endothelial and smooth muscle cells, pancreatic beta-cells, adipocytes,and other cells. The CD40-CD40L system participates in the formation of immune and inflammatory reactions in the cardiovascular system,platelet production and development of autoimmune diseases. Signals mediated through CD40 receptors are involved in the autoimmune process intype 1 diabetes, inflammation of

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Musumeci, Giuseppe, Paola Castrogiovanni, Ignazio Barbagallo, et al. "Expression of the OAS Gene Family Is Highly Modulated in Subjects Affected by Juvenile Dermatomyositis, Resembling an Immune Response to a dsRNA Virus Infection." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9 (2018): 2786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092786.

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Background: Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a systemic, autoimmune, interferon (IFN)-mediated inflammatory muscle disorder that affects children younger than 18 years of age. JDM primarily affects the skin and the skeletal muscles. Interestingly, the role of viral infections has been hypothesized. Mammalian 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) genes have been thoroughly characterized as components of the IFN-induced antiviral system, and they are connected to several innate immune-activated diseases. The main purpose of the paper is to define the potential interrelationship between the OAS

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Ng, Xiulin, Mona Sadeghian, Simon Heales, and Iain P. Hargreaves. "Assessment of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Models of Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20 (2019): 4975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20204975.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that involves the autoreactive T-cell attack on axonal myelin sheath. Lesions or plaques formed as a result of repeated damage and repair mechanisms lead to impaired relay of electrical impulses along the nerve, manifesting as clinical symptoms of MS. Evidence from studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models of MS strongly suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction presents at the onset of disease and throughout the disease course. The aim of this study was to determine if mi

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Knezevic-Pogancev, Marija. "Juvenile myasthenia." Medical review 64, no. 5-6 (2011): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1106295k.

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Introduction. Juvenile myasthenia is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of fluctuating, painless muscle weakness and rapid fatigue of any muscles under voluntary control. Juvenile myasthenia is a form of myasthenia appearing in adolescent age, representing 10% to 15% of all cases of myasthenia gravis. Juvenile myasthenia is presented by a defect in the transmission of nerve impulses to muscles, resulting from a breakdown in the normal communication between nerves and muscles. In myasthenia, antibodies produced by the body?s own immune system block, alte

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Škubník, Jan, Vladimíra Pavlíčková, and Silvie Rimpelová. "Cardiac Glycosides as Immune System Modulators." Biomolecules 11, no. 5 (2021): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11050659.

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Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are natural steroid compounds occurring both in plants and animals. They are known for long as cardiotonic agents commonly used for various cardiac diseases due to inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) pumping activity and modulating heart muscle contractility. However, recent studies show that the portfolio of diseases potentially treatable with CGs is much broader. Currently, CGs are mostly studied as anticancer agents. Their antiproliferative properties are based on the induction of multiple signaling pathways in an NKA signalosome complex. In addition, they are strongl

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Oliveira, Ezequiel Fernandes, Sergio Roberto Nacif, Nina Teixeira Fonseca, et al. "Pulmonary function and ventilatory muscle strengh in Myasthenia Gravis." Manual Therapy, Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal 12 (November 10, 2014): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2014.12.198.

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Introduction: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, characterized by generalized muscle weakness and fatigue, especially after repetitive physical activities, with consequent improvement after rest. The MG follows a slowly progressive course, which can be fatal failure of the ventilatory muscles. The manifestations of the respiratory system are generally attributed to the weakness of the diaphragm and also accessory muscles of ventilation. Objetive: The objective was to evaluate the volumes and lung capacities and maximum pressure ventilation in pati

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Richard, A., C. Legault, E. de Villers-Sidani, and D. Gendron. "P.038 A case report of an interesting paraneoplastic voltage-gated channelopathy." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43, S2 (2016): S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2016.142.

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Background: Morvan syndrome is an autoimmune paraneoplastic disorder affecting of voltage-gated potassium channels, most commonly the CASPR-2 subunit. The disorder is primarily characterized by hyperexcitability of both the central and peripheral nervous system accompanied by autonomic dysfunction. Clinically, the syndrome manifests as confusion, hallucinations, insomnia, hyperhidrosis, orthostatic hypotension, and muscle cramps with myoclonus. Methods: Patient chart, imaging, electrophysiology, and laboratory findings were reviewed from the time of MS diagnosis and through the course of treat

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Tsiortou, Popianna, Harry Alexopoulos, and Marinos C. Dalakas. "GAD antibody-spectrum disorders: progress in clinical phenotypes, immunopathogenesis and therapeutic interventions." Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders 14 (January 2021): 175628642110034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17562864211003486.

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Antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), originally linked to stiff person syndrome (SPS), now denote the “ GAD antibody-spectrum disorders” ( GAD-SD) that also include autoimmune epilepsy, limbic encephalitis, cerebellar ataxia and nystagmus with overlapping symptomatology highlighting autoimmune neuronal excitability disorders. The reasons for the clinical heterogeneity among GAD-antibody associated syndromes remain still unsettled, implicating variable susceptibility of GABAergic neurons to anti-GAD or other still unidentified autoantibodies. Although anti-GAD antibody titers d

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Nehls, Volker. "Osteoarthropathien und Myopathien bei Schilddrüsenerkrankungen." DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 143, no. 16 (2018): 1174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-121381.

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AbstractTriiodothyronine (T3) is a key regulator of bone, muscle and articular cartilage. Musculoskeletal symptoms of hyperthyroidism include loss of bone mass finally leading to osteoporosis and weakness of the skeletal musculature. Hypothyroidism on the other side frequently leads to muscle stiffness and cramping and, occasionally, results in rhabdomyolysis. To prevent terminal differentiation of chondrocytes with consecutive cartilage degeneration, cartilage probably depends on exact regulation of local T3 availability by the intracellular deiodinase system. Recent findings underline the im

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Hoduț, Andrei, I. Simedrea, I. Sabău, Oana Belei, and Ionela Babi. "Ulcerative Colitis associated with Sclerosing Cholangitis and Autoimmune Hepatitis." Acta Medica Marisiensis 59, no. 2 (2013): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amma-2013-0028.

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AbstractIntroduction: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic intestinal inflammation, part of inflammatory bowel disease, which also includes Crohn’s disease. Both have extraintestinal manifestations, but those that tend to occur more commonly with ulcerative colitis include chronic active hepatitis, pyoderma gangrenosum and ankylosing spondylitis. Many individuals present with overlapping non-diagnostic features of more than one of these conditions that is referred to in the literature as autoimmune overlap syndrome. Sclerosing cholangitis associated with IBD is often referred to as overlap syndrome

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Zhang, Sicheng, Duane D. Miller, and Wei Li. "Non-Musculoskeletal Benefits of Vitamin D beyond the Musculoskeletal System." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (2021): 2128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042128.

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Vitamin D, a fat-soluble prohormone, is endogenously synthesized in response to sunlight or taken from dietary supplements. Since vitamin D receptors are present in most tissues and cells in the body, the mounting understanding of the role of vitamin D in humans indicates that it does not only play an important role in the musculoskeletal system, but has beneficial effects elsewhere as well. This review summarizes the metabolism of vitamin D, the research regarding the possible risk factors leading to vitamin D deficiency, and the relationships between vitamin D deficiency and numerous illness

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Londzin-Olesik, Magdalena, Beata Kos-Kudła, Aleksandra Nowak, and Mariusz Nowak. "The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Graves’ orbitopathy." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 75 (June 18, 2021): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9482.

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Graves’ disease (GD) is a chronic autoimmune condition in which the anti-thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TRAb) activate the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) located on thyrocytes, leading to excessive thyroid hormone production. TSHR is also expressed in extrathyroidal tissues, in particular, within the orbit. The serum levels of TRAb correlate with the severity and activity of thyroid orbitopathy (TO). TO is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of GD. It is an autoimmune inflammation of orbital tissues, that is, extraocular muscles, orbital adipose tissue or a lacrimal gla

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Londzin-Olesik, Magdalena, Beata Kos-Kudła, Aleksandra Nowak, and Mariusz Nowak. "The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Graves’ orbitopathy." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 75 (January 27, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6969.

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Graves' disease (GD) is a chronic autoimmune condition, in which the anti-thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TRAb) activate the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) located on thyrocytes, leading to excessive thyroid hormone production. TSHR is also expressed in extrathyroidal tissues, in particular, within the orbit. The serum levels of TRAb corelate with severity and activity of thyroid orbitopathy (TO). TO is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of GD. It is an autoimmune inflammation of orbital tissues, that is, extraocular muscles, orbital adipose tissue or a lacrimal gland.

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Wall, Jack R. "Graves' Disease Is a Multi-System Autoimmune Disorder in Which Extra Ocular Muscle Damage and Connective Tissue Inflammation Are Variable Features." Thyroid 12, no. 1 (2002): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/105072502753451940.

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Kapitza, Christopher, Rittika Chunder, Anja Scheller, et al. "Murine Esophagus Expresses Glial-Derived Central Nervous System Antigens." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (2021): 3233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063233.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been considered to specifically affect the central nervous system (CNS) for a long time. As autonomic dysfunction including dysphagia can occur as accompanying phenomena in patients, the enteric nervous system has been attracting increasing attention over the past years. The aim of this study was to identify glial and myelin markers as potential target structures for autoimmune processes in the esophagus. RT-PCR analysis revealed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), proteolipid protein (PLP), and myelin basic protein (MBP) expression, but an absence of myelin oli

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Nicolle, Amandine, Ye Zhang, and Karine Belguise. "The Emerging Function of PKCtheta in Cancer." Biomolecules 11, no. 2 (2021): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11020221.

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Protein Kinase C theta (PKCθ) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the novel PKC subfamily. In normal tissue, its expression is restricted to skeletal muscle cells, platelets and T lymphocytes in which PKCθ controls several essential cellular processes such as survival, proliferation and differentiation. Particularly, PKCθ has been extensively studied for its role in the immune system where its translocation to the immunological synapse plays a critical role in T cell activation. Beyond its physiological role in immune responses, increasing evidence implicates PKCθ in the pathology of

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Krisnamurti, Desak Gede Budi, Rani Wardani Hakim, Radiana Dhewayani Antarianto, Siti Farida, Erni Hernawati Purwaningsih, and Jan Sudir Purba. "THE ROLE OF ACALYPHA INDICA LINN. EXTRACT ON HEART RATES WITH MYASTHENIA GRAVIS RAT MODEL." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 1 (2018): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v11i1.18616.

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Objective: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) caused by antibodies that attack components of the postsynaptic membrane, impair neuromuscular transmission, and lead to weakness and fatigue of skeletal muscle. Acetylcholine is also used as a neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system. Striated cardiac muscle can be a target for immune attack manifesting as heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden death. Involvement of the heart rate (HR) has been claimed and reported, but a causal connection between MG and altered cardiac function has not been

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Krisnamurti, Desak Gede Budi, Rani Wardani Hakim, Radiana Dhewayani Antarianto, Siti Farida, Erni Hernawati Purwaningsih, and Jan Sudir Purba. "THE ROLE OF ACALYPHA INDICA LINN. EXTRACT ON HEART RATES WITH MYASTHENIA GRAVIS RAT MODEL." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 1 (2018): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i1.18616.

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Objective: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) caused by antibodies that attack components of the postsynaptic membrane, impair neuromuscular transmission, and lead to weakness and fatigue of skeletal muscle. Acetylcholine is also used as a neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system. Striated cardiac muscle can be a target for immune attack manifesting as heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden death. Involvement of the heart rate (HR) has been claimed and reported, but a causal connection between MG and altered cardiac function has not been

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Hicken, Jared, Daniel Ramirez, Mark Rigby, and Aram Minasian. "Stiff-Person Syndrome: Seeing Past Comorbidities to Reach the Correct Diagnosis." Case Reports in Neurological Medicine 2021 (January 31, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6698046.

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Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare disorder seen in approximately one in one million people. Although it is rare, the symptoms and findings of a typical case should paint a clear clinical picture for those who are familiar with the disease. The primary findings in SPS include progressive axial muscle rigidity as well as muscle spasms. These symptoms most commonly occur in the setting of antibodies against Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD), the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), which is the primary inhibitory enzyme in the central nervous system. Here,

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Greco, Anna, Kirsten R. Straasheijm, Karlien Mul, et al. "Profiling Serum Antibodies Against Muscle Antigens in Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy Finds No Disease-Specific Autoantibodies." Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases 8, no. 5 (2021): 801–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jnd-210653.

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Background: FSHD is caused by specific genetic mutations resulting in activation of the Double Homeobox 4 gene (DUX4). DUX4 targets hundreds of downstream genes eventually leading to muscle atrophy, oxidative stress, abnormal myogenesis, and muscle inflammation. We hypothesized that DUX4-induced aberrant expression of genes triggers a sustained autoimmune response against skeletal muscle cells. Objective: This study aimed at the identification of autoantibodies directed against muscle antigens in FSHD. Moreover, a possible relationship between serum antibody reactivity and DUX4 expression was

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Maruszewska, Agnieszka, Lech Panasiuk, and Katarzyna Bryzek-Michalak. "Rehabilitation in Devica’s Syndrome. Case Report." Acta Balneologica 63, no. 1 (2021): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/abal202101111.

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Introduction: Devic’s syndrome also known as neuromyelitis optica is an autoimmune disease of central nervous system (CNS).It has an inflammatory, demyelizatory, chronic and relapsing nature, where ones own immune system attacks the spinal cord and optic nerves. Material and Methods: The authors presented a case report of a 54-year-old woman diagnosed with Devic’s syndrome 2 years ago. The physiotherapeutic examination revealed: visual and balance disturbances, decrease in muscle strength of upper and lower limbs, unsteady and shaky gait with a need to use a zimmer frame. At the start and at t

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Choi, Ho-Jung, Myeong-Hoon Yeon, and Hee-Sook Jun. "Schisandrae chinensis Fructus Extract Ameliorates Muscle Atrophy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice by Downregulation of the CREB-KLF15 and Autophagy–Lysosomal Pathways." Cells 10, no. 9 (2021): 2283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10092283.

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Many patients with type 1 diabetes experience skeletal muscle wasting. Although the link between type 1 diabetes and muscle wasting is not clearly known, insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia may contribute to decreased muscle mass. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of the ethanolic extract of Schisandrae chinensis Fructus (SFe) on muscle wasting in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. STZ-diabetic C57BL/6 mice (blood glucose level ≥300 mg/dL) were orally administe

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Uzunalimoğlu, Berrin Pelit, Abdülhamit Sağlam, Büşra Şişman, et al. "Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated Protein 1 Antibody-Positive Polyradiculopathy Associated with Epstein-Barr Virus Infection." Case Reports in Neurology 13, no. 2 (2021): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000518196.

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with a plethora of neurological manifestations including polyneuropathy and polyradiculopathy. A 27-year-old man with a recent upper respiratory system infection presented with difficulty in walking. His neurological examination revealed reduced muscle strength in both proximal and distal lower limb muscles without sensory and autonomic signs. Needle electromyography showed abnormal spontaneous activity and reduced recruitment of motor units in muscles innervated by multiple lumbo-sacral roots. Cerebrospinal examination showed increased protein leve

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Vyas, N., H. Alkhawam, R. Sogomonian, RA Ching Companioni, and A. Walfish. "ID: 37: SILENT BUT DEADLY CYTOMEGALOVIRUS TRIGGERING AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS." Journal of Investigative Medicine 64, no. 4 (2016): 942.2–943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2016-000120.62.

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IntroductionTo consider that viruses, more specifically cytomegalovirus (CMV), can trigger autoimmune hepatitis.Case Report54 year-old female presents with new onset jaundice, which was associated with abdominal distension, lower extremity edema and 10 pound weight gain. She has no history of intravenous drug use, blood transfusions, any new sexual partners in over 8 years or a family history of liver disease. The physical examination was remarkable for spider angiomata, icteric sclera, ascites, and edema.The results of the biochemical analysis of the blood were the following: Liver enzymes we

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Wirtshafter, Stephanie, and Iqra Iqbal. "Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP) Masked by Autoimmune Thyroiditis." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1875.

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Abstract Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) are autoimmune disorders that are both well-known in their own right. Hashimoto’s is one of the most common causes of primary hypothyroidism, and GBS involves immune mediated damage to the peripheral nervous system. The association between the two is a rare clinical entity. This case demonstrates that these entities can occur together and could be related in similar pathophysiology. A 37 year old male presented with complaints of bilateral hand and feet numbness for one month. The numbness started in the hands, then involved th

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Byers, Mary Shannon. "Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Review and Summary." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 8 (2021): 685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1297.

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uillain-Barré Syndrome is a life-threatening, demyelinating, autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune system attacks the myelin of the peripheral nervous system. Guillain-Barré Syndrome is characterized by ascending motor weakness and acute flaccid paralysis. Demyelination results in nerve inflammation, numbness, tingling, muscle weakness, structural damage to the myelin sheath, and possible respiratory system complications. The annual incidence rate is 1.1 to 1.8 per 100,000 persons worldwide. Guillain-Barré Syndrome is thought to be triggered by an antecedent infection such as a viral

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Gejalakshmi S, Harikrishnan N, and Anas Mohammied. "Molecular dynamic properties and Insilico screening of neuroprotective activity of Clitoria ternatea against Glutamate receptors." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 7043–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3809.

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Multiple sclerosis is a popular autoimmune disease attack mainly the Central nervous system. It attacks the age group of people from 20-50, mostly women are attacked than men. During multiple sclerosis, demyelination takes place along with axon damage and paralytic effect. Various symptoms of multiple sclerosis include muscle weakness, weak reflexes, muscle spasm, movement difficulty. Moreover, treatment of multiple sclerosis vai drugs includes various side effects. Medicinal plants possess many phytochemicals of greater therapeutic value and many of the possess effective to treat multiple scl

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Kalinin, R. E., I. A. Suchkov, N. D. Mzhavanadze, and N. V. Korotkova. "Endothelial dysfunction in muscular dystrophies." NAUKA MOLODYKH (Eruditio Juvenium) 9, no. 2 (2021): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/hmj202192326-334.

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Endotheliocytes are the key elements of the vascular wall and are involved in regulation of vascular tone and permeability, inflammation, hemostasis, angiogenesis etc. Impaired function of endothelial cells universally recognized as endothelial dysfunction is associated with a number of common diseases such as ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, peripheral arterial disease, septic shock, chronic kidney disease, obesity, oncological and autoimmune diseases. Less is known about the role of endothelial cells in pathogenesis of development and progression of rare diseas

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Spirig, Rolf, Janice Tsui, and Sidney Shaw. "The Emerging Role of TLR and Innate Immunity in Cardiovascular Disease." Cardiology Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/181394.

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Cardiovascular disease is a complex disorder involving multiple pathophysiological processes, several of which involve activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system. As sentinels of innate immunity TLRs are nonclonally germline-encoded molecular pattern recognition receptors that recognize exogenous as well as tissue-derived molecular dangers signals promoting inflammation. In addition to their expression in immune cells, TLRs are found in other tissues and cell types including cardiomyocytes, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. TLRs are differentially regulate

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van Lunteren, Erik, Michelle Moyer, and Henry J. Kaminski. "Adverse effects of myasthenia gravis on rat phrenic diaphragm contractile performance." Journal of Applied Physiology 97, no. 3 (2004): 895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01266.2003.

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Myasthenia gravis has variable effects on the respiratory system, ranging from no abnormalities to life-threatening respiratory failure. Studies characterized diaphragm muscle contractile performance in rat autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Rats received monoclonal antibody that recognizes acetylcholine receptor determinants (or inactive antibody); 3 days later, phrenic nerve and diaphragm were studied in vitro. Myasthenic rats segregated into two groups, those with normal vs. impaired limb muscle function when tested in intact animals (“mild” and “severe” myasthenic). Baseline diaphragm twitch fo

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Ridolo, E., R. Albertini, L. Borghi, T. Meschi, E. Montanari, and P. P. Dall'Aglio. "Acute Polyradiculoneuropathy Occurring after Hymenoptera Stings: A Clinical Case Study." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 18, no. 2 (2005): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463200501800220.

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Hymenoptera stings may be responsible for both local and systemic reactions; these can be immediate or delayed, depending on the time between the sting and the development of signs or symptoms. Delayed clinical reactions have been reported, although unusual, due to serum sickness and/or affecting organs or systems generally not involved in the immediate reaction, such as heart, kidneys, central and peripheral nervous systems. This paper describes the clinical and immunological findings in a 51-year-old subject, who, after two stings of paper wasps, the second one after the third venom immunoth

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Ferder, Marcelo, Felipe Inserra, Walter Manucha, and León Ferder. "The world pandemic of vitamin D deficiency could possibly be explained by cellular inflammatory response activity induced by the renin-angiotensin system." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 304, no. 11 (2013): C1027—C1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00403.2011.

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This review attempts to show that there may be a relationship between inflammatory processes induced by chronic overstimulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the worldwide deficiency of vitamin D (VitD) and that both disorders are probably associated with environmental factors. Low VitD levels represent a risk factor for several apparently different diseases, such as infectious, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as diabetes, osteoporosis, and cancer. Moreover, VitD insufficiency seems to predispose to hypertension, metabolic syndrome, left ventricu

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Khanenko, N., N. Svyrydova, G. Chuprina, et al. "Hyperkinesis: pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment (clinical lecture)." East European Journal of Neurology, no. 3(21) (September 20, 2018): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33444/2411-5797.2018.3(21).13-18.

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Traditionally, the basic etiological concepts are considered in the views on the morphophysiological basis of hyperkinesis. Hyperkinesia is associated with hypotonia, a decrease in muscle tone, and hyperkinetic disorders are psychogenic and manifest in childhood. Hyperkinesia can be caused by a large number of various diseases, including metabolic disorders, endocrine disruption, hereditary disorders, vascular disorders or traumatic disorders. Other causes include intoxication of the nervous system, autoimmune diseases and infections. The classification of hyperkinesis is that hyperkinetic mot

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Ketineni, Sujitha, Sreenath Kodali, and Sasikanth Gorantla. "A Rare Case of Sensory Neuropathy Associated with Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder." Case Reports in Oncology 13, no. 3 (2020): 1397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000510742.

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Malignancies can trigger an autoimmune response against the nervous system and manifest as paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS). Initial symptoms of PNS may develop up to 5 years prior to the diagnosis of the underlying malignancy. We report a rare case of PNS associated with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in a 70-year-old male with a 6-month history of rapidly progressive symmetric sensory neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy serological workup was unremarkable. A paraneoplastic neuropathy panel revealed anti-Hu autoantibodies. Further evaluation with a whole-body PET scan cou

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Hertz, Risha, James Espinosa, Alan Lucerna, and Doug Stranges. "Multiple Sclerosis Presenting with Facial Twitching (Myokymia and Hemifacial Spasms)." Case Reports in Neurological Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7180560.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The etiology is insufficiently understood. Autoimmune, genetic, viral, and environmental factors have been hypothesized. MS is twice as common in women as in men between the ages of 20 and 50 years. There is no known cure for MS. Current medical treatment helps to prevent new attacks and improve function after an attack. MS is diagnosed by physical examination, diagnostic imaging, and examination of cerebral spinal fluid. The most common physical signs and symptoms of MS include constitutiona

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Deeb, Omar, and Maisa Nabulsi. "Exploring Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Amyotrophic Lateral Scler osis (ALS) as Neurodegenerative Diseases and their Treatments: A Review Study." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 26 (2020): 2391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026620666200924114827.

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: Growing concern about neurodegenerative diseases is becoming a global issue. It is estimated that not only will their prevalence increase but also morbidity and health burden will be concerning. Scientists, researchers and clinicians share the responsibility of raising the awareness and knowledge about the restricting and handicapping health restrains related to these diseases. : Multiple Sclerosis (MS), as one of the prevalent autoimmune diseases, is characterized by abnormal regulation of the immune system that periodically attacks parts of the nervous system; brain and spinal cord. Sympto

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