Journal articles: 'Automated design synthesis'

1

Campbell, Matthew I., Jonathan Cagan, and Kenneth Kotovsky. "The A-Design approach to managing automated design synthesis." Research in Engineering Design 14, no. 1 (February 2003): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00163-002-0025-x.

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Sun, Lir‐Fang, Jiun‐Meei Liaw, Pong‐Chi Chu, Shaw‐Tzuu Kong, Tseng‐Rong Chen, David Shou, and Tai‐Ming Parng. "A control‐flow based design of automated design synthesis system." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 11, no. 4 (June 1988): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533839.1988.9677080.

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Kort, Aart-Jan, Jan Wijkniet, Alexander Serebrenik, and Theo Hofman. "Automated Multi-Level Dynamic System Topology Design Synthesis." Vehicles 2, no. 4 (November 28, 2020): 603–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles2040035.

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Designing new mechatronic systems for vehicle applications is a complex and time-consuming process. The increasing computational power allows us to generate automatically novel and new mechatronic discrete-topology concepts in an efficient manner. Using state-of-the-art computational design synthesis techniques assures that the complete search space, given a finite set of system elements, is processed to find all feasible topologies. The topology generation is done by converting the design synthesis problem into a constraint satisfaction problem. Accordingly, this mathematical problem is solved by assigning the presence of components and connections to variables, whereby a set of mathematical constraints need to be satisfied. These constraints capture, in essence, formalized engineering knowledge. After solving this problem, the results are post-processed to discard redundant topologies due to isomorphism. In this paper, a newly developed software application with automated constraint generation is presented that facilitates the topology generation with multiple system levels in a loop. The scalability of the problem and the different levels of expressiveness are analyzed, and the influence of the abstraction level choice on the search space is discussed. Finally, a relevant mechatronic design study from the automotive engineering field is discussed concerning the topology synthesis of alternative electro-hydraulic actuation systems being part of new continuously variable transmission topologies, thus showing its applicability.

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BRAHA, DAN. "Design-as-satisfiability: A new approach to automated synthesis." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 15, no. 5 (November 2001): 385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060401155022.

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This article addresses computational synthesis systems that attempt to find a structural description that matches a set of initial functional requirements and design constraints with a finite sequence of production rules. It has been previously shown by the author that it is computationally difficult to identify a sequence of production rules that can lead to a satisficing design solution. As a result, computational synthesis, particularly with large volumes of selection information, requires effective design search procedures. Many computational synthesis systems utilize transformational search strategies. However, such search strategies are inefficient due to the combinatorial nature of the problem. In this article, the problem is approached using a completely different paradigm. The new approach encodes a design search problem as a Boolean (propositional) satisfiability problem, such that from every satisfying Boolean-valued truth assignment to the corresponding Boolean expression we efficiently can derive a solution to the original synthesis problem (along with its finite sequence of production rules). A major advantage of the proposed approach is the possibility of utilizing recently developed powerful randomized search algorithms for solving Boolean satisfiability problems, which considerably outperform the most widely used satisfiability algorithms. The new design-as-satisfiability technique provides a flexible framework for stating a variety of design constraints, and also represents properly the theory behind modern constraint-based design systems.

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Kunkevich, D. P., I. I. Polozkov, and A. A. Baryshev. "Automated synthesis of technological fixture constructions." «System analysis and applied information science», no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-4923-2019-4-39-45.

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At the initial stage of engineering design it has to determine the set of units of design object and topological relations between them. The solution making at this stage is very efficiently because the set of operations may be carried out: adding components into the project, mating them to each other’s etc. The procedures of such kind are monotonous and time consuming. Article is dedicated to automation of topological design. However, the creation and adoption of design decisions is a difficult creative task. Currently, there are several approaches that can be applied to specific types of objects, such as injection molds, blacksmith dies, etc. Most of them are various kinds of technological equipment. There is another type of such equipment – fixtures for locating and clamping parts on the technological operations of assembly, welding, cutting, etc. Automated synthesis of fixtures is considered in this article. A method for determining the design situation is proposed. The method is based on location theory and involves the analysis of a solid model of the object being located. An example of carrier system is presented too. It is assumed that the content of the article will be useful for development of application based on CAD system. Moreover, the engineer – CAD-user himself can do this without involving a professional programmer.

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Hoeltzel, D. A., and Wei-Hua Chieng. "Pattern Matching Synthesis as an Automated Approach to Mechanism Design." Journal of Mechanical Design 112, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912592.

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A new knowledge-based approach for the synthesis of mechanisms, referred to as Pattern Matching Synthesis, has been developed based on a combination of committee machine and Hopfield neutral network models of pattern classification and matching applied to coupler curves. Computational tests performed on a dimensionally-parameterized four bar mechanism have yielded 15 distinct coupler curve groups (patterns) from a total of 356 generated coupler curves. This innovative approach represents a first step toward the automation of mapping structure-to-function in mechanism design based on the application of artificial intelligence programing techniques. Demonstrative examples of its application to “real-world” mechanism synthesis problems, including the design and evaluation of a two-stroke pump mechanism and the redesign of a variable-stroke engine mechanism have been included, establishing its viability for creative mechanism synthesis.

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Alankus, Gazihan, A. Alphan Bayazit, and O. Burchan Bayazit. "Automated motion synthesis for dancing characters." Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds 16, no. 3-4 (2005): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cav.99.

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Zhigang Deng, J. P. Lewis, and U. Neumann. "Automated Eye Motion Using Texture Synthesis." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 25, no. 2 (March 2005): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2005.35.

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Garcia, A. Cristina Bicharra, H. Craig Howard, and Mark J. Stefik. "Improving design and documentation by using partially automated synthesis." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 8, no. 4 (1994): 335–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400001001.

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AbstractOne of the products of engineering, besides constructed artifacts, is design documentation. To understand how design participants use documentation, designers and typical documentation users were interviewed and protocols were taken of them both creating and using design documentation. The protocols were taken from realistic projects of preliminary design for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems (HVAC). The studies of document creation and use revealed three important issues: (1) design participants not only look up design facts; they frequently access documents to obtain information about the rationale for design decisions; (2) the design rationale that they see often is missing from the documents; and (3) design requirements change frequently over a project life cycle so that design documents are often inconsistent and out of date. Recognizing these documentation issues in design practice, a new approach was developed in which documents are no longer static records, but rather interactive design models supporting a case. The feasibility of the approach was demonstrated by constructing a running system and testing it with designers on realistic problems. The costs and benefits of creating and using documentation of design rationale also were analyzed. In particular, the active documents approach was evaluated for a routine, preliminary design in domains where community practice is widely shared and largely standardized. The approach depends on the feasibility of creating a parametric design model for the design domain.

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Okamoto, Hideho, and Kohji Deuchi. "Design of a robotic workstation for automated organic synthesis." Laboratory Robotics and Automation 12, no. 1 (2000): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2728(2000)12:1<2::aid-lra2>3.0.co;2-k.

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Ishebabi, Harold, Philipp Mahr, Christophe Bobda, Martin Gebser, and Torsten Schaub. "Answer Set versus Integer Linear Programming for Automatic Synthesis of Multiprocessor Systems from Real-Time Parallel Programs." International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing 2009 (2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/863630.

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An automated design approach for multiprocessor systems on FPGAs is presented which customizes architectures for parallel programs by simultaneously solving the problems of task mapping, resource allocation, and scheduling. The latter considers effects of fixed-priority preemptive scheduling in order to guarantee real-time requirements, hence covering a broad spectrum of embedded applications. Being inherently a combinatorial optimization problem, the design space is modeled using linear equations that capture high-level design parameters. A comparison of two methods for solving resulting problem instances is then given. The intent is to study how well recent advances in propositional satisfiability (SAT) and thus Answer Set Programming (ASP) can be exploited to automate the design of flexible multiprocessor systems. Integer Linear Programming (ILP) is taken as a baseline, where architectures for IEEE 802.11g and WCDMA baseband signal processing are synthesized. ASP-based synthesis used a few seconds in the solver, faster by three orders of magnitude compared to ILP-based synthesis, thereby showing a great potential for solving difficult instances of the automated synthesis problem.

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Chen, Yong, Peien Feng, Bin He, Zhonquin Lin, and Youbai Xie. "Automated Conceptual Design of Mechanisms Using Improved Morphological Matrix." Journal of Mechanical Design 128, no. 3 (July 21, 2005): 516–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2180807.

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Conceptual design of mechanisms has attracted a number of research efforts in recent years due to its significance in product development. However, existing approaches for automated conceptual design of mechanisms are either prone to a loss of optimal solutions or inextensible to achieve conceptual design of complex mechanisms. This paper is devoted to developing a comprehensive and extensible methodology for automated conceptual design of mechanisms utilizing a design prototype synthesis methodology. To support automated mechanism synthesis effectively, the traditional morphological matrix is improved as a motional function matrix (MFM). In addition, a mechanism prototype knowledge base is developed to provide systematic knowledge support for conceptual design decision-making. Based on the integrated MFM, an exhaustive mechanism synthesis algorithm is developed to yield as many solutions as possible to desired functions to facilitate the discovery of novel and optimal combinatorial solutions. To curb the possible combinatorial explosion from the exhaustive search, a performance constraint verification approach is proposed to help designers filter out combinatorial solutions violating performance constraints, followed by a satisfaction degree-based approach for evaluating the total performances of combinatorial solutions according to the performances of their subsolutions. An automated mechanism conceptual design prototype system is developed and a design case is presented to illustrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed methodology.

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Li, Xiang, Zhi-Nan Zhang, Ze-Lin Liu, and You-Bai Xie. "A novel semi-heuristic planning approach for automated conceptual design synthesis." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 227, no. 10 (January 9, 2013): 2291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212473037.

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Automated conceptual design often shows significant promise for generating conceptual solutions automatically through searching and synthesizing known principle solutions for a desired function. However, existing automated conceptual design systems lack an efficient heuristic search strategy and a knowledge-based planning mechanism, which lead to less chance of finding promising principle solutions within a limited time. This article proposes a novel semi-heuristic planning approach for automated conceptual design which comprises two successive steps, i.e. DESIGN PLAN and DESIGN COMBINATION. During the stage of DESIGN PLAN, the planning-graph technique is employed to extract a design plan from a planning graph, which is composed of various principle solution clusters. Under the guidance of the design plan, in the second stage, DESIGN COMBINATION combines compatible principle solutions from the principle solution clusters in the design plan until finding promising conceptual solutions. A prototype system and design case illustrate that the proposed semi-heuristic planning approach can successfully achieve an automated conceptual design synthesis.

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Pal, Ujjwal, Ying-Chieh Liu, and Amaresh Chakrabarti. "Evaluating FuncSION: A software for automated synthesis of design solutions for stimulating ideation during mechanical conceptual design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 28, no. 3 (July 22, 2014): 209–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060414000183.

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AbstractThe goal of the work reported in this paper is to use automated, combinatorial synthesis to generate alternative solutions to be used as stimuli by designers for ideation. FuncSION, a computational synthesis tool that can automatically synthesize solution concepts for mechanical devices by combining building blocks from a library, is used for this purpose. The objectives of FuncSION are to help generate a variety of functional requirements for a given problem and a variety of concepts to fulfill these functions. A distinctive feature of FuncSION is its focus on automated generation of spatial configurations, an aspect rarely addressed by other computational synthesis programs. This paper provides an overview of FuncSION in terms of representation of design problems, representation of building blocks, and rules with which building blocks are combined to generate concepts at three levels of abstraction: topological, spatial, and physical. The paper then provides a detailed account of evaluating FuncSION for its effectiveness in providing stimuli for enhanced ideation.

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Metel, A. A., T. N. Fail, Y. A. Novichkova, I. M. Dobush, A. Е. Goryainov, and A. A. Kalentyev. "Automated design of a linear microwave monolithic distributed amplifier." Issues of radio electronics, no. 3 (June 25, 2021): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2021-3-40-48.

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Microwave integrated circuit (IC) design tends to become more efficient and less expensive which leads to emerging the circuit topology and layout synthesis software. In the paper we present a technique and an algorithm for microwave distributed amplifier (DA) automated synthesis based on requirements to linear characteristics. The technique feature is the using of active and passive element’s models for a chosen IC process. This allow the technique to generate circuit topology which can be manufactured using a given IC process. The proposed DA automated design technique work was demonstrated with preamplifier stage design for 20–30 GHz buffer amplifier MMIC based on the 0.25um GaAs pHEMT process of Svetlana-Rost foundry in Saint-Petersburg.

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Grisoni, Francesca, Berend J. H. Huisman, Alexander L. Button, Michael Moret, Kenneth Atz, Daniel Merk, and Gisbert Schneider. "Combining generative artificial intelligence and on-chip synthesis for de novo drug design." Science Advances 7, no. 24 (June 2021): eabg3338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg3338.

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Automating the molecular design-make-test-analyze cycle accelerates hit and lead finding for drug discovery. Using deep learning for molecular design and a microfluidics platform for on-chip chemical synthesis, liver X receptor (LXR) agonists were generated from scratch. The computational pipeline was tuned to explore the chemical space of known LXRα agonists and generate novel molecular candidates. To ensure compatibility with automated on-chip synthesis, the chemical space was confined to the virtual products obtainable from 17 one-step reactions. Twenty-five de novo designs were successfully synthesized in flow. In vitro screening of the crude reaction products revealed 17 (68%) hits, with up to 60-fold LXR activation. The batch resynthesis, purification, and retesting of 14 of these compounds confirmed that 12 of them were potent LXR agonists. These results support the suitability of the proposed design-make-test-analyze framework as a blueprint for automated drug design with artificial intelligence and miniaturized bench-top synthesis.

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Hadian, Mojgan, Shabnam Shaabani, Pravin Patil, Svitlana V. Shishkina, Harry Böltz, and Alexander Dömling. "Sustainability by design: automated nanoscale 2,3,4-trisubstituted quinazoline diversity." Green Chemistry 22, no. 8 (2020): 2459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0gc00363h.

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Automated, one step, nanoscale synthesis of 2,3,4-trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives using positive pressure facilitated dispensing to access a very large chemical space exemplified by more than 1000 compounds.

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Hu, Jianjun, Erik D. Goodman, Shaobo Li, and Ronald Rosenberg. "Automated synthesis of mechanical vibration absorbers using genetic programming." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 22, no. 3 (June 12, 2008): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060408000140.

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AbstractConceptual innovation in mechanical engineering design has been extremely challenging compared to the wide applications of automated design systems in digital circuits. This paper presents an automated methodology for open-ended synthesis of mechanical vibration absorbers based on genetic programming and bond graphs. It is shown that our automated design system can automatically evolve passive vibration absorbers that have performance equal to or better than the standard passive vibration absorbers invented in 1911. A variety of other vibration absorbers with competitive performance are also evolved automatically using a desktop PC in less than 10 h.

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Soni, A. H., Mohammad H. F. Dado, and Yicheng Weng. "An Automated Procedure for Intelligent Mechanism Selection and Dimensional Synthesis." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 110, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3258917.

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This paper describes the fundamentals for the development of the intelligent selection system for the mechanism configuration and the development of an automated dimensional synthesis procedure. The selection system is a rule-based system. Using an interactive dialogue with a designer; the system converges to an appropriate mechanism configuration satisfying a prescribed synthesis requirements including type of synthesis problems, number of precision positions, and number of independent inputs. The user has an option to inquire the selection system to give reasons for the mechanism configuration selection. The automated synthesis procedure uses the data supplied by the selection system to generate the design equations. A powerful numerical algorithm solves the design equations giving all possible solutions without the need of supplying initial guesses. The complete system provides a valuable tool that performs a comprehensive design procedure with minimal user interaction and background knowledge in mechanism design.

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Leung, Siu-wai, John Lee, Chris Johnson, and David Robertson. "Design preferences and cognitive styles: experimentation by automated website synthesis." Automated Experimentation 4, no. 1 (2012): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1759-4499-4-2.

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Cagan, Jonathan, Matthew I. Campbell, Susan Finger, and Tetsuo Tomiyama. "A Framework for Computational Design Synthesis: Model and Applications." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2013289.

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The field of computational design synthesis has been an active area of research for almost half a century. Research advances in this field have increased the sophistication and complexity of the designs that can be synthesized, and advances in the speed and power of computers have increased the efficiency with which those designs can be generated. Some of the results of this research have begun to be used in industrial practice, yet many open issues and research challenges remain. This paper provides a model of the automated synthesis process as a context to discuss research in the area. The varied works of the authors are discussed as representative of the breadth of methods and results that exist under the field of computational design synthesis. Furthermore, some guidelines are presented to help researchers and designers find approaches to solving their particular design problems using computational design synthesis.

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TORBEY, SAMI. "TOWARDS A FRAMEWORK FOR INTUITIVE PROGRAMMING OF CELLULAR AUTOMATA." Parallel Processing Letters 19, no. 01 (March 2009): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626409000079.

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The ability to obtain complex global behaviour from simple local rules makes cellular automata an interesting platform for massively parallel computation. However, manually designing a cellular automaton to perform a given computation can be extremely difficult, and automated design techniques such as genetic programming have their limitations because of the absence of human intuition. In this paper, we propose elements of a framework whose goal is to make the manual synthesis of cellular automata rules exhibiting desired global characteristics more programmer-friendly, while maintaining the simplicity of local processing elements. Although many of the framework elements that we describe here are not new, we group them into a consistent framework and show that they can all be implemented on a traditional cellular automaton, which means that they are merely more human-friendly ways of describing simple cellular automata rules, and not foreign structures that require changing the traditional cellular automaton model.

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Neves, José Luis, and Eby G. Friedman. "Automated Synthesis of Skew-Based Clock Distribution Networks." VLSI Design 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 31–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/72951.

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In this paper a top-down methodology is presented for synthesizing clock distribution networks based on application-dependent localized clock skew. The methodology is divided into four phases: 1) determination of an optimal clock skew schedule for improving circuit performance and reliability; 2) design of the topology of the clock tree based on the circuit hierarchy and minimum clock path delays; 3) design of circuit structures to implement the delay values associated with the branches of the clock tree; and 4) design of the geometric layout of the clock distribution network. Algorithms to determine an optimal clock skew schedule, the optimal clock delay to each register, the network topology, and the buffer circuit dimensions are presented.The clock distribution network is implemented at the circuit level in CMOS technology and a design strategy based on this technology is presented to implement the individual branch delays. The minimum number of inverters required to implement the branch delays is determined, while preserving the polarity of the clock signal. The clock lines are transformed from distributed resistive-capacitive interconnect lines into purely capacitive interconnect lines by partitioning the RC interconnect lines with inverting repeaters. The inverters are specified by the geometric size of the transistors, the slope of the ramp shaped input/output waveform, and the output load capacitance. The branch delay model integrates an inverter delay model with an interconnect delay model. Maximum errors of less than 2.5% for the delay of the clock paths and 4% for the clock skew between any two registers belonging to the same global data path are obtained as compared with SPICE Level-3.

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Hardwick, Tomas, and Nisar Ahmed. "Digitising chemical synthesis in automated and robotic flow." Chemical Science 11, no. 44 (2020): 11973–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sc04250a.

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Automated flow chemistry: humans and machines working together to create faster, safer, more efficient laboratories of the future where computers help to design and control experiments, allowing researchers to focus on other scientific pursuits.

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Lebl, Michal, Christine Burger, Brett Ellman, David Heiner, Georges Ibrahim, Aaron Jones, Mark Nibbe, et al. "Fully Automated Parallel Oligonucleotide Synthesizer." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 66, no. 8 (2001): 1299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20011299.

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Design and construction of automated synthesizers using the tilted plate centrifugation technology is described. Wash solutions and reagents common to all synthesized species are delivered automatically through a 96-channel distributor connected to a gear pump through two four-port selector valves. Building blocks and other specific reagents are delivered automatically through banks of solenoid valves, positioned over the individual wells of the microtiterplate. These instruments have the following capabilities: Parallel solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis in the wells of polypropylene microtiter plates, which are slightly tilted down towards the center of rotation, thus generating a pocket in each well, in which the solid support is collected during centrifugation, while the liquid is expelled from the wells. Eight microtiterplates are processed simultaneously, providing thus a synthesizer with a capacity of 768 parallel syntheses. The instruments are capable of unattended continuous operation, providing thus a capacity of over two millions 20-mer oligonucleotides in a year.

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Willems, Marian M. J. H. P., Gijs G. Zom, Nico Meeuwenoord, Ferry A. Ossendorp, Herman S. Overkleeft, Gijsbert A. van der Marel, Jeroen D. C. Codée, and Dmitri V. Filippov. "Design, automated synthesis and immunological evaluation of NOD2-ligand–antigen conjugates." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (June 26, 2014): 1445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.148.

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The covalent attachment of an innate immune system stimulating agent to an antigen can provide active vaccine modalities capable of eliciting a potent immune response against the incorporated antigen. Here we describe the design, automated synthesis and immunological evaluation of a set of four muramyl dipeptide–peptide antigen conjugates. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) represents a well-known ligand for the intracellular NOD2 receptor and our study shows that covalently linking an MDP-moiety to an antigenic peptide can lead to a construct that is capable of stimulating the NOD2 receptor if the ligand is attached at the anomeric center of the muramic acid. The constructs can be processed by dendritic cells (DCs) and the conjugation does not adversely affect the presentation of the incorporated SIINFEKL epitope on MHC-I molecules. However, stimulation of the NOD2 receptor in DCs was not sufficient to provide a strong immunostimulatory signal.

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He, Yuping, Md Manjurul Islam, and Dhruv Oberoi. "An automated design synthesis method for multi-trailer articulated heavy vehicles." International Journal of Vehicle Performance 1, no. 2 (2013): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvp.2013.058280.

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Chen, C. I. H., and J. T. Yuen. "Automated synthesis of pseudo-exhaustive test generator in VLSI BIST design." IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 2, no. 3 (September 1994): 273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/92.311637.

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Campbell, Matthew I., Jonathan Cagan, and Kenneth Kotovsky. "Agent-Based Synthesis of Electromechanical Design Configurations." Journal of Mechanical Design 122, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.533546.

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A new automated approach to engineering design known as A-design is presented that creates design configurations through the interaction of software agents. By combining unique problem solving strategies, these agents are able to generate solutions to open-ended design problems. The A-design methodology makes several theoretical claims through its combination of multiagent systems, multiobjective design selection, and stochastic optimization, and is currently implemented to solve general electromechanical design problems. While this paper presents an overview of the theoretical basis for A-design, it primarily focuses on the method for representing electromechanical design configurations and the reasoning of the agents that construct these configurations. Results from an electromechanical test problem show the generality of the functional representation. [S1050-0472(00)00701-7]

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Lustig, Daniel, Andrew Wright, Alexandros Papakonstantinou, and Olivier Giroux. "Automated Synthesis of Comprehensive Memory Model Litmus Test Suites." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 52, no. 4 (May 12, 2017): 661–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3093336.3037723.

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Petrova, Irina, Viktoriya Zaripova, Yuliya Lezhnina, and Ilkhomzhon Siddikov. "Automated system for synthesis of sensors for smart cities." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199701023.

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The concept of a smart city is aimed at developing technologies and infrastructure based on the use of new technologies, large data centers, smart sensors and automated power grids. As technological advances in control systems increase the efficiency of sensors, users are calling for advances in sensor accuracy, reliability, dynamic characteristics (response time, dynamic linearity etc.), robustness, miniaturization and communication capability. The sensor industry is expected to experience sound growth during the five-year forecast period. It is possible satisfy the growing demand, in particular, by using automated systems of conceptual design of sensors, which can reduce the design time several times. Physical principles of operation of the sensors involved in information measuring and control systems of buildings are quite diverse. In this article, it is proposed to use a modified energy-information method for the conceptual design of sensors, invariant to the physical principle of operation. The possibility of using the operator method for the calculation and study of the dynamic characteristics of the designed elements of control systems of different physical nature is shown. The architecture of the expert system of evaluation of dynamic characteristics of sensitive elements of information-measuring devices of smart home is developed.

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Hessler, Gerhard, and Karl-Heinz Baringhaus. "Artificial Intelligence in Drug Design." Molecules 23, no. 10 (October 2, 2018): 2520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102520.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a pivotal role in drug discovery. In particular artificial neural networks such as deep neural networks or recurrent networks drive this area. Numerous applications in property or activity predictions like physicochemical and ADMET properties have recently appeared and underpin the strength of this technology in quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) or quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). Artificial intelligence in de novo design drives the generation of meaningful new biologically active molecules towards desired properties. Several examples establish the strength of artificial intelligence in this field. Combination with synthesis planning and ease of synthesis is feasible and more and more automated drug discovery by computers is expected in the near future.

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Jiang, Tuo, Samuele Bordi, Angus E. McMillan, Kuang-Yen Chen, Fumito Saito, Paula L. Nichols, Benedikt M. Wanner, and Jeffrey W. Bode. "An integrated console for capsule-based, automated organic synthesis." Chemical Science 12, no. 20 (2021): 6977–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc01048d.

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Using a combination of reagent design, hardware engineering, and a simple operating system we provide an instrument capable of executing complex organic reactions using prepacked capsules with minimal user involvement.

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Hayashi, Nobuyoshi, Tohru Sugawara, Motoaki Shintani, and Shinji Kato. "Computer-assisted automatic synthesis II. Development of a fully automated apparatus for preparing substituted N–(carboxyalkyl)amino acids." Journal of Automatic Chemistry 11, no. 5 (1989): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924689000428.

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A versatile automated apparatus, equipped with an artificial intelligence has been developed which may be used to prepare and isolate a wide variety of compounds. The prediction of the optimum reaction conditions and the reaction control in real time, are accomplished using novel kinetic equations and substituent effects in an artificial intelligence software which has already reported [1]. This paper deals with the design and construction of the fully automated system, and its application to the synthesis of a substituted N-(carboxyalkyl)amino acid. The apparatus is composed of units for perfoming various tasks, e.g. reagent supply, reaction, purification and separation, each linked to a control system. All synthetic processes including washing and drying of the apparatus after each synthetic run were automatically performed from the mixing of the reactants to the isolation of the products as powders with purities of greater than 98%. The automated apparatus has been able to run for 24 hours per day, and the average rate of synthesis of substituted N-(carboxyalkyl)amino acids has been three compounds daily. The apparatus is extremely valuable for synthesizing many derivatives of one particular compound structure. Even if the chemical yields are low under the optimum conditions, it is still possible to obtain a sufficient amount of the desired product by repetition of the reaction. Moreover it was possible to greatly reduce the manual involvement of the many syntheses which are a necessary part of pharmaceutical research.

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Verteshev, Sergei, and Vladimir Konevtsov. "DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL IN A COMPLEX OF SOFTWARE DESIGN OF DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 15, 2017): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2017vol3.2534.

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This article provides the functionality of creating direct digital control devices in the computer-aided design of digital automatic control systems (CAD of digital ACS), in a complex of software design of digital control systems (SDSDC complex) for automated process control systems. Technical tools are defined by the international standard IEC 61131-1: 2003 (Part 1: General data). The possibility of implementing SDSDC complex in direct digital control, single-cycle and multi-cycle ladder diagrams, identification of objects of management and synthesis of digital controllers in comparison with the international standard IEC 61131-3: 2003 (Part 3: Programming Languages) are evaluated. Users’ productivity is estimated as well as the possibility of its separation between the users at different stages of the design of digital systems of automatic control is assessed.

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Verteshev, Sergei, and Vladimir Konevtsov. "DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL IN A COMPLEX OF SOFTWARE DESIGN OF DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 15, 2017): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2017vol3.2536.

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This article provides the functionality of creating direct digital control devices in the computer-aided design of digital automatic control systems (CAD of digital ACS), in a complex of software design of digital control systems (SDSDC complex) for automated process control systems. Technical tools are defined by the international standard IEC 61131-1: 2003 (Part 1: General data). The possibility of implementing SDSDC complex in direct digital control, single-cycle and multi-cycle ladder diagrams, identification of objects of management and synthesis of digital controllers in comparison with the international standard IEC 61131-3: 2003 (Part 3: Programming Languages) are evaluated. Users’ productivity is estimated as well as the possibility of its separation between the users at different stages of the design of digital systems of automatic control is assessed.

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Fricero, Prisca, Laurent Bialy, Werngard Czechtizky, María Méndez, and Joseph P. A. Harrity. "Design and Synthesis of New Pyrazole‐Based Heterotricycles and their Derivatization by Automated Library Synthesis." ChemMedChem 15, no. 17 (June 8, 2020): 1634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.202000187.

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Chia-Jeng Tseng and D. P. Siewiorek. "Automated Synthesis of Data Paths in Digital Systems." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 5, no. 3 (July 1986): 379–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.1986.1270207.

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Li, Hao, Yu-Ping Wang, Jie Yin, and Gang Tan. "SmartShell: Automated Shell Scripts Synthesis from Natural Language." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 29, no. 02 (February 2019): 197–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194019500098.

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Modern shell scripts provide interfaces with rich functionality for system administration. However, it is not easy for end-users to write correct shell scripts; misusing commands may cause unpredictable results. In this paper, we present SmartShell, an automated function-based tool for shell script synthesis, which uses natural language descriptions as input. It can help the computer system to “understand” users’ intentions. SmartShell is based on two insights: (1) natural language descriptions for system objects (such as files and processes) and operations can be recognized by natural language processing tools; (2) system-administration tasks are often completed by short shell scripts that can be automatically synthesized from natural language descriptions. SmartShell synthesizes shell scripts in three steps: (1) using natural language processing tools to convert the description of a system-administration task into a syntax tree; (2) using program-synthesis techniques to construct a SmartShell intermediate-language script from the syntax tree; (3) translating the intermediate-language script into a shell script. Experimental results show that SmartShell can successfully synthesize 53.7% of tasks collected from shell-script helping forums.

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Godefroid, Patrice, and Ankur Taly. "Automated synthesis of symbolic instruction encodings from I/O samples." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 47, no. 6 (August 6, 2012): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2345156.2254116.

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Königseder, Corinna, and Kristina Shea. "Systematic rule analysis of generative design grammars." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 28, no. 3 (July 22, 2014): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060414000195.

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AbstractThe use of generative design grammars for computational design synthesis has been shown to be successful in many application areas. The development of advanced search and optimization strategies to guide the computational synthesis process is an active research area with great improvements in the last decades. The development of the grammar rules, however, often resembles an art rather than a science. Poor grammars drive the need for problem specific and sophisticated search and optimization algorithms that guide the synthesis process toward valid and optimized designs in a reasonable amount of time. Instead of tuning search algorithms for inferior grammars, this research focuses on designing better grammars to not unnecessarily burden the search process. It presents a grammar rule analysis method to provide a more systematic development process for grammar rules. The goal of the grammar rule analysis method is to improve the quality of the rules and in turn have a major impact on the quality of the designs generated. Four different grammars for automated gearbox synthesis are used as a case study to validate the developed method and show its potential.

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Morse, David V., and Chris Hendrickson. "A communication model to aid knowledge-based design systems." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 4, no. 2 (May 1990): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400002298.

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Recent research in the area of computer-aided engineering design has focused on the development of environments that provide effective integration of several domain specialties for complex multidisciplinary synthesis problems. The definition of communication requirements for co-operative interaction—and the subsequent establishment of a conceptual model for automating the process—are important considerations in the development of such environments. A communication model can also provide the basis for development of a knowledge engineering strategy by defining the organizational and representational requirements for domain knowledge in the automated system. This paper presents a conceptual model for communication in automated interactive design and demonstrates how the model can be employed as a knowledge engineering tool to facilitate the acquisition and organization of domain expertise. Both the process architecture and semantic modeling aspects of the communication problem are considered. An example is included which illustrates the use of the model in formulating an automated integrated engineering system in the domain of floor and equipment layout and design for industrial facilities.

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Sun, Wei, Jianyi Kong, Xingdong Wang, and Huaiguang Liu. "Innovative design method of the metamorphic hand." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 172988141775415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881417754154.

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In order to solve the last centimeter problem of automated production, it is necessary to innovative design of flexible fixture. This article presents a metamorphic hand design method through the principle of metamorphic mechanism. Firstly, kinematic chain satisfying the requirements is obtained by number synthesis and structural synthesis. Then, the kinematic chain becomes a mechanism that meets the requirements using regeneration design rules. And the holographic matrix description method is used to describe the configuration transformation of the metamorphic mechanism. Furthermore, through the combination method of kinematic chain, the metamorphic clamp increases the two joint fingers into a metamorphic hand. Finally, the validity of the theoretical method is verified by physical experiments.

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Cork, D. G., H. Yamato, K. Yajima, N. Hayashi, T. Sugawara, and S. Kato. "Automated synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography: an apparatus for labelling with [11C] methyl iodide (MIASA)." Journal of Automatic Chemistry 16, no. 5 (1994): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924694000271.

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A fully automated apparatus for the routine synthesis and formulation of short-lived11C (t1/2=20min) labelled radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET) has been developed. [11C]Carbon dioxide is converted to [11C]methyl iodide, which can be used to label a wide variety of substrates by methylation at C, N, O, or S electron rich centres. The apparatus, MIASA (methyl iodide automated synthesis apparatus), was designed to operate as part of an automated labelling system in a shielded ‘hot’ laboratory. The apparatus was designed without the size constraints of typical instrumentation used in hot cells, although it is compact where necessary. Ample use of indicators and sensors, together with compact design of the reaction flasks for small dead space and efficient evaporation, led to good reliability and performance. The design of the hardware and software is described in this paper, together with a preparation of 3-N-[11C]methylspiperone as a sterile injectable solution in physiological saline.

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Hazard, Christopher, Nancy Pollard, and Stelian Coros. "Automated Design of Robotic Hands for In-Hand Manipulation Tasks." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 17, no. 01 (January 8, 2020): 1950029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843619500294.

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Grasp planning and motion synthesis for dexterous manipulation tasks are traditionally done given a pre-existing kinematic model for the robotic hand. In this paper, we introduce a framework for automatically designing hand topologies best suited for manipulation tasks given high-level objectives as input. Our pipeline is capable of building custom hand designs around specific manipulation tasks based on high-level user input. Our framework comprises of a sequence of trajectory optimizations chained together to translate a sequence of objective poses into an optimized hand mechanism along with a physically feasible motion plan involving both the constructed hand and the object. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by synthesizing a series of hand designs optimized to perform specified in-hand manipulation tasks of varying difficulty. We extend our original pipeline 32 to accommodate the construction of hands suitable for multiple distinct manipulation tasks as well as provide an in depth discussion of the effects of each non-trivial optimization term.

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Pirron, Marcus, Damien Zufferey, and Phillip Stanley-Marbell. "Automated Controller and Sensor Configuration Synthesis Using Dimensional Analysis." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 39, no. 11 (November 2020): 3227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2020.3013044.

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Bundalo, Dusanka, Zlatko Bundalo, and Branimir Ðordjevic. "Design of quaternary logic systems and circuits." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 18, no. 1 (2005): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0501045b.

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The principles and possibilities of design of fully quaternary multiple valued combinational logic systems and circuits are described and proposed in the paper. Different ways of design of fully quaternary combinational logic systems and circuits are considered and described first. Then algorithm for automated computerized design of such systems and circuits is considered and proposed. The algorithm gives possibility for synthesis and optimization of quaternary logic systems and circuits. It is applied on design of CMOS quaternary multiple valued logic systems and circuits. The algorithm includes the most important aspects of design of quaternary logic circuits: logic circuit scheme synthesis and logic circuit optimization. Methods for synthesis of quaternary CMOS combinational logic circuits are proposed and described. Also, method for optimization of CMOS quaternary logic circuits, according to operation conditions and needed characteristics, is proposed and described. Design procedure is realized by personal computer using PSPICE for circuit simulation. Computer PSPICE simulation results confirming described methods and conclusions are given in the paper.

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Hundertmark, Fabian, and Martin Grotjahn. "Automated design of structured gain-scheduling oil pressure controllers by modern synthesis methods." Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 83, no. 4 (July 26, 2019): 899–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10010-019-00334-9.

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Petrov, Dmitriy Nikiforovich, and Tamara Balabekovna Chistyakova. "SYSTEM OF AUTOMATED DESIGN AND PROTOTYPING OF SYNTHESIS SITES OF CARBON NANOCLUSTER STRUCTURES." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Management, computer science and informatics 2021, no. 3 (July 30, 2021): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2072-9502-2021-3-16-27.

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The article focuses on using the integrated multi-component computer-aided design and control systems, which changes the product life cycle processes in the high-tech complex chemical and technological systems. In the integrated design of production facilities, special attention is paid to safety, productivity, reliability, ergonomics of the production line and the material and technical environment. The most effective in project management are flexible life cycle models that connect diverse specialists in a single information environment. The relevance of the task of developing and implementing problem-oriented heterogeneous computer-aided design and digital prototyping systems is justified. There is described a method for improving the efficiency of designing production facilities while minimizing the time required preparing a design solution, and the risks of design errors caused by the communication dissonance of diverse specialists. The architecture of the computer-aided design and digital prototyping system with a description of its basic components is presented. The creation of a digital model of the design object is described on the example of the reactor site and the material and technical base of the process of synthesis of carbon nanocluster structures that are in high demand in various industries. The conducted tests and the introduction of the resulting applied software solution into the educational process proved its efficiency in solving problems of integrated computer-aided design and digital modeling not only of objects of the carbon nanoindustry, but also for other industries with a similar material and technical base.

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Koza, John R., Sameer H. Al-Sakran, and Lee W. Jones. "Automated ab initio synthesis of complete designs of four patented optical lens systems by means of genetic programming." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 22, no. 3 (June 12, 2008): 249–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060408000176.

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AbstractThis paper describes how genetic programming has been used as an invention machine to automatically synthesize complete designs for four optical lens systems that duplicated the functionality of previously patented lens systems. The automatic synthesis of the complete design is done ab initio, that is, without starting from a preexisting good design and without prespecifying the number of lenses, the topological arrangement of the lenses, or the numerical or nonnumerical parameters associated with any lens. One of the genetically evolved lens systems infringed a previously issued patent, whereas the others were noninfringing novel designs that duplicated (or improved upon) the performance specifications contained in the patents. One of the patents was issued in the 21st century. The designs were created in a substantially similar and routine way, suggesting that the approach described in the paper can be readily applied to other similar problems in the field of optical design. The genetically evolved designs are instances of human-competitive results produced by genetic programming in the field of optical design.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Automated design synthesis'

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