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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Automated en route ATC

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Academic literature on the topic 'Automated en route ATC'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Automated en route ATC"

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Ahlstrom, Ulf. "Experimental Evaluation of the AIRWOLF Weather Advisory Tool for En Route Air Traffic Controllers." Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors 5, no. 1 (2015): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000070.

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The objective of this study was to examine the potential benefits for air traffic controllers from the use of automated weather advisories. In a part-task simulation, we used a weather support tool called Automatic Identification of Risky Weather Objects in Line of Flight (AIRWOLF) that (a) detects conflicts between aircraft and hazardous weather, (b) alerts the controller, and (c) generates automatic weather advisories. During the simulation, air traffic control (ATC) subject matter experts responded to AIRWOLF alerts and either provided weather advisories to pilots via radio in two main conditions or provided data link communication in a third control condition. Automated advisories (a) eliminate the need for a manual production of weather advisories; (b) reduce the production time, voice duration, and overall advisory duration; and (c) reduce the cognitive workload associated with the dissemination of weather advisories. The results showed that the AIRWOLF tool could support air traffic controller weather avoidance actions and provide accurate and timely weather advisories to pilots. The weather advisory tool could support en route controllers for the safe, efficient, and strategic efforts required to handle adverse weather conditions in the en route environment.

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Barrer, John N. "Use of Path Objects for Air Traffic Control." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1703, no. 1 (2000): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1703-01.

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A path object is a set of instructions plus the values of associated parameters that would be used by an aircraft’s flight management system (FMS) or area navigation (RNAV) computer to construct a flight trajectory on the basis of the values of the parameters provided by the pilot or air traffic control (ATC) system. The concept of path objects and its applicability for development of FMS- or RNAV-based flight paths for aircraft routes are described. The use of path objects requires only a small number of parameters for specification of an RNAV route, and the computer then calculates the resulting flight path. Because most RNAV routes are just variations of the same basic shapes, many RNAV routes can be generated from a single path object by changing just one or two parameters. This offers the capability to reduce the size of the navigation database by a significant amount. This also allows the dynamic alteration of three-dimensional FMS-RNAV routes instead of radar vectoring, which represents a significant improvement in ATC procedures. Because of the compact expressions for the path objects, these procedures could be used in a voice communications environment as well as a data link environment. A path object can be thought of as a high-level language with which aircraft and ATC systems communicate flight path intentions. The concept of FMS- or RNAV-stored path objects is a change in thinking about the role of avionics technology. It offers a means of including the precision of the FMS-RNAV technology in the ATC system during the transition from today’s system to the future’s fully automated control system. This is an enabling technology that improves the ability to use and maintain FMS-RNAV in its role as a vital component of the ATC system. It has the potential to enhance future air traffic management-communication navigation surveillance concepts and applications.

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Kumar, Pramesh, Alireza Khani, and Gary A. Davis. "Transit Route Origin–Destination Matrix Estimation using Compressed Sensing." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 10 (2019): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119845896.

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The development of an origin–destination (OD) demand matrix is crucial for transit planning. With the help of automated data, it is possible to estimate a stop-level OD matrix. We propose a novel method for estimating transit route OD matrix using automatic passenger count (APC) data. The method uses [Formula: see text] norm regularizer, which leverages the sparsity in the actual OD matrix. The technique is popularly known as compressed sensing (CS). We also discuss the mathematical properties of the proposed optimization program and the complexity of solving it. We used simulation to assess the accuracy and efficiency of the method and found that the proposed method is able to recover the actual matrix within small errors. With increased sparsity in the actual OD matrix, the solution gets closer to the actual value of the matrix. The method was found to perform more efficiently even for different demand patterns. We also present a real numerical example of OD estimation of the A Line Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) route in Twin Cities, MN.

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Lehtola, Ville V., Jakub Montewka, and Johanna Salokannel. "Sea Captains’ Views on Automated Ship Route Optimization in Ice-covered Waters." Journal of Navigation 73, no. 2 (2019): 364–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463319000651.

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Safety in ice-covered polar waters can be optimised via the choice of a ship's route. This is of utmost importance for conventional as well as autonomous ships. However, the current state of the art in e-Navigation tools has left two open questions. First, what essential information are these tools still missing, and second, how they are seen by sea captains. In order to address these questions, we organised an ice navigation workshop to systematically collect routing justifications given by and waypoints planned by experienced sea captains that are particularly seasoned in ice navigation. Here, we report the outcome of that workshop. Our key findings include the reasoning and the commentary of the participants in looking for a better and safer route. These comments shed light upon both the official and unofficial code of conduct in open waters and boil down into a list of additional prerequisite information if further steps towards system autonomy are sought. Finally, the expert-planned waypoints are to be published alongside this paper to act as a benchmark for future maritime studies.

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Zafar, Nazir Ahmad, Fahad Alhumaidan, and Sher Afzal Khan. "Z Specification of Gate and Apron Control Management at Airport." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/530619.

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Modelling of an air traffic control (ATC) system is an open issue and has become a challenging problem due to its complexity and increase of traffic at airports and in airspace. Consequently, automated ATC systems are suggested to improve efficiency ensuring the safety standards. It is reported that the number of collisions that occurred at airports surface is three times larger than in airspace. Further, it is observed that gates and aprons congestions cause significant delays at airports; hence, effective monitoring and guidance mechanisms are required to control ground air traffic. In this paper, formal procedure of managing air traffic from gate to enter in the active area of airport for taxiing is provided using Z notation. An integration of gate and apron controllers is described to manipulate the information for correct decision making and flow management. Graph theory is used for representation of airport topology and appropriate routs. In static part of the model, safety properties are described in terms of invariants over the critical data types. In dynamic model, the state space is updated by defining pre- and postconditions ensuring the safety. Formal specification is analysed using Z/Eves tool.

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Tian, Xiancai, Baihua Zheng, Yazhe Wang, Hsiao-Ting Huang, and Chih-Chieh Hung. "TRIPDECODER: Study Travel Time Attributes and Route Preferences of Metro Systems from Smart Card Data." ACM/IMS Transactions on Data Science 2, no. 3 (2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3430768.

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In this article, we target at recovering the exact routes taken by commuters inside a metro system that are not captured by an Automated Fare Collection (AFC) system and hence remain unknown. We strategically propose two inference tasks to handle the recovering, one to infer the travel time of each travel link that contributes to the total duration of any trip inside a metro network and the other to infer the route preferences based on historical trip records and the travel time of each travel link inferred in the previous inference task. As these two inference tasks have interrelationship, most of existing works perform these two tasks simultaneously. However, our solution TripDecoder adopts a totally different approach. TripDecoder fully utilizes the fact that there are some trips inside a metro system with only one practical route available. It strategically decouples these two inference tasks by only taking those trip records with only one practical route as the input for the first inference task of travel time and feeding the inferred travel time to the second inference task as an additional input, which not only improves the accuracy but also effectively reduces the complexity of both inference tasks. Two case studies have been performed based on the city-scale real trip records captured by the AFC systems in Singapore and Taipei to compare the accuracy and efficiency of TripDecoder and its competitors. As expected, TripDecoder has achieved the best accuracy in both datasets, and it also demonstrates its superior efficiency and scalability.

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Jauch, Jens, Felix Bleimund, Michael Frey, and Frank Gauterin. "Automated Longitudinal Control Based on Nonlinear Recursive B-Spline Approximation for Battery Electric Vehicles." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 3 (2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10030052.

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This works presents a driver assistance system for energy-efficient ALC of a BEV. The ALC calculates a temporal velocity trajectory from map data. The trajectory is represented by a cubic B-spline function and results from an optimization problem with respect to travel time, driving comfort and energy consumption. For the energetic optimization we propose an adaptive model of the required electrical traction power. The simple power train of a BEV allows the formulation of constraints as soft constraints. This leads to an unconstrained optimization problem that can be solved with iterative filter-based data approximation algorithms. The result is a direct trajectory optimization method of which the effort grows linearly with the trajectory length, as opposed to exponentially as with most other direct methods. We evaluate ALC in real test drives with a BEV. We also investigate the energy-saving potential in driving simulations with ALC compared to MLC. On the chosen reference route the ALC saves up to 3.4% energy compared to MLC at same average velocity, and achieves a 2.6% higher average velocity than MLC at the same energy consumption.

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Zhou, Jinkai, Xuebo Lai, and Joseph Y. J. Chow. "Multi-Armed Bandit On-Time Arrival Algorithms for Sequential Reliable Route Selection under Uncertainty." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 10 (2019): 673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119850457.

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Traditionally vehicles act only as servers in transporting passengers and goods. With increasing sensor equipment in vehicles, including automated vehicles, there is a need to test algorithms that consider the dual role of vehicles as both servers and sensors. The paper formulates a sequential route selection problem as a shortest path problem with on-time arrival reliability under a multi-armed bandit setting, a type of reinforcement learning model. A decision-maker has to make a finite set of decisions sequentially on departure time and path between a fixed origin-destination pair such that on-time reliability is maximized while travel time is minimized. The upper confidence bound algorithm is extended to handle this problem. Several tests are conducted. First, simulated data successfully verifies the method, then a real-data scenario is constructed of a hotel shuttle service from midtown Manhattan in New York City providing hourly access to John F. Kennedy International Airport. Results suggest that route selection with multi-armed bandit learning algorithms can be effective but neglecting passenger scheduling constraints can have negative effects on on-time arrival reliability by as much as 4.8% and combined reliability and travel time by 66.1%.

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Gutesa, Slobodan, Branislav Dimitrijevic, Joyoung Lee, Yuchuan Zhang, Cecilia Feeley, and Lazar Spasovic. "Smart Arrival Notification System for Americans with Disabilities Act Passenger Paratransit Service with a Consumer Mobile Device." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2650, no. 1 (2017): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2650-05.

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This research presents an arrival notification system for paratransit passengers with disabilities. Almost all curb-to-curb paratransit services have a significantly large pickup time window, ranging from 20 to 40 min from the scheduled time and producing substantial passenger waiting times. The arrival notification system presented in this study delivers an automated voice call to a registered user once the paratransit vehicle is in proximity to the pickup location. The system utilizes the Google Traffic application programming interface (API) for the vehicle arrival estimation. Unlike other vehicle arrival notification systems in the state of the practice, the proposed system is compact and does not require additional equipment such as radio transmitting and positioning devices. The proposed system, which uses consumer mobile devices with the Android or iOS platform, is designed to exploit commercial cellular network service (i.e., 3G and 4G-LTE). In addition to the passenger notification, the proposed system provides paratransit drivers with real-time route guidance information developed through the Google Maps API. Field evaluation conducted in Essex County, New Jersey, revealed significant reduction in passenger waiting time. The passenger waiting time was reduced by 15 to 20 min. In addition, the accuracy of the notification system was tested. During the test, in almost all cases, the vehicle arrived 1 min earlier than the proposed arrival time.

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I.L., Byzov. "ASSESSMENT OF THE EXPECTED WORKLOAD OF THE ATC SECTORS IN THE AREA OF YEKATERINBURG EN-ROUTE ATC CENTRE." Chronos 6, no. 2(52) (2021): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2658-7556-52-2-13.

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This article is devoted to the assessment of the expected workload of the ATC sectors in the area of Yekaterinburg en-route ATC centre. The expected intensity of aircraft traffic flows during peak hours is assessed using the system of mathematical models based on the revealed patterns in accordance with the results of observations on the number of handled aircraft. The actual ATM problems for the new airspace structure have been revealed. Recommendations for improving the airspace structure of Yekaterinburg en-route ATC centre have been developed.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Automated en route ATC"

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Badekas, Paris. "Mathematical modeling of en route ATC intervention rates." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14746.

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Nosedal-Sánchez, Jenaro. "Aircraft departure synchronization to reduce ATC en route interventions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384849.

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La investigación que se presenta en esta tesis, se enfoca en el análisis a nivel micro y macro de la posiciones atemporales de trayectorias aéreas en la fase de ruta, obtenidas a partir del uso de una transformación bidimensional (posiciones de latitud y longitud) transformación D y de la aplicación de modelos causales y técnicas de programación por restricciones para simular y validar un proceso de ajuste acotado de tiempos de despegue que conserva las ventanas de salida programadas y al mismo tiempo relaja las interdependencias tensas entre trayectorias 4D (reduciendo o resolviendo desequilibrios entre demanda y capacidad en el espacio aéreo). La investigación desarrollada, con la finalidad de producir sinergias entre los Usuarios del espacio aéreo (AUs) y simultáneamente para reducir las intervenciones de Control de Tráfico Aéreo (ATC) en ruta, en vez de revisar el sistema de Gestión de Tráfico Aéreo de manera fragmentada, propone un marco innovador que soporta una análisis exhaustivo de las interdependencias entre Gestión de Flujo de Tráfico Aéreo y Gestión de la Capacidad (ATFCM), Gestión de Despegues (DMAN) y las Trayectorias Comerciales de Referencia (RBTs) acordadas. El objetivo general de este trabajo es aportar a la literatura con el uso de combinaciones robustas de marcas temporales de las RBTs que preservan los perfiles 3D acordados dentro de un conjunto de trayectorias competitivas y colaborativas bajo un enfoque global que reducen al mínimo las intervención de ATC. Adicionalmente, el enfoque propuesto permite la vinculación de parte de tierra con las operaciones del lado aire, y habilita la conexión entre los requerimientos de los AUs dentro de la red de tráfico, por lo que proporciona un marco para implementar nuevas herramientas de apoyo en las decisiones (DST) para el desarrollo de servicios ATFCM más competitivos y colaborativos.<br>The research work presented in this thesis focuses on the micro and macro analysis of the untimed en route waypoints of aircraft trajectories obtained after applying a bi-dimensional (i.e. latitude and longitude positions) D - transform and on the application of causal modelling and constraint programming (CP) techniques to simulate and validate a departure-time-bounded adjustment process that preserves the scheduled slots while relaxing tight 4DT interdependences (for instance, reducing or solving airspace demand - capacity imbalances). The research developed instead of a fragmented look at the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system, in order to generate synergies between airspace users (AUs) while reducing Air Traffic Control (ATC) interventions, proposes an innovative framework supporting a comprehensive analysis of interdependencies between Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management (ATFCM), Departure Management (DMAN) and the agreed Reference Business Trajectories (RBTs). The overarching goal of this dissertation is to contribute to the literature about the use of robust combination of RBT's time stamps preserving the 3D agreements into a set of collaborative-competitive trajectories under a global scope with minimum ATC interventions. Furthermore, the proposed approach allows the linkage of land side with air side operations, and enables the connection between AUs requirements within the traffic network, thus provides a framework to deploy new Decision Support Tools (DSTs) towards more collaborative and competitive ATFCM services.

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Schroder, Catherine Jane. "Automated creation of pedestrian route descriptions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7720.

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Providing unambiguous, succinct descriptions of routes for pedestrians to follow is very challenging. Route descriptions vary according to many things, such as route length and complexity, availability of easily identifiable landmarks, and personal preferences. It is well known that the inclusion of a variety of landmarks facilitates route following – either at key decision points, or as a confirmatory cue. Many of the existing solutions, however, behave like car navigation systems and do not include references to such landmarks. The broader ambition of this research is the automatic generation of route descriptions that cater specifically to the needs of the pedestrian. More specifically this research describes empirical evidence gathered to identify the information requirements for an automated pedestrian navigation system. The results of three experiments helped to identify the criteria that govern the relative saliency of features of interest within an urban environment. There are a large variety of features of interest (together with their descriptions) that can be used as directional aids within route descriptions (for example buildings, statues, monuments, hills, and roads). A set of variables were developed in order to measure the saliency of the different classes of features. The experiments revealed that the most important measures of saliency included name, size, age, and colour. This empirical work formed the basis of the development of a pedestrian navigation system that incorporated the automatic identification of features of interest using the City of Edinburgh as the study area. Additionally the system supported the calculation of the saliency of a feature of interest, the development of an intervisibility model for the route to be navigated to determine the best feature of interest to use at each decision point along the route. Finally, the pedestrian navigation system was evaluated against route descriptions gathered from a random set of individuals to see how efficiently the system reflected the more natural and richer route description that people typically generate. This work shows that modelling features of interest is the key to the automatic generation of route descriptions that can be readily understood and followed by pedestrians.

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Bird, Benjamin L. "FTIR imaging : a route toward automated histopathology." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39088/.

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The focus of this study is the potential use of FTIR imaging as a tool for objective automated histopathology. The Thesis also reports the use of multivariate statistical techniques to analyse the FTIR imaging data. These include Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) and Fuzzy C-Means Clustering (FCM). The development of a new PCA-FCM Clustering hybrid that can automatically detect the optimum clustering structure is also reported. Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction to the use of vibrational spectroscopy to characterise biomolecules in tissues and cells for medical diagnosis. Chapter 2 details the basic histology of a lymph node before proceeding to present imaging results gained from the analysis of both healthy and diseased lymph node tissue sections. The ability of each multivariate technique to discriminate different tissue types is discussed. In addition, the spectral features that are characteristic for each tissue type are reported. The development and application of a new PCA-FCM Clustering algorithm that can automatically determine the best clustering structure is also described in full. The results indicate that cellular abnormality provides changes to both the protein and nucleic acid vibrations. However, similar spectral profiles were identified for highly proliferating cells that were contained within reactive germinal centres of the lymph node. Chapter 3 provides a short introduction to the histology of the cervlx before presenting imaging results that were gained from the analysis of both healthy and diseased cervical tissue sections. The ability of each multivariate technique to discriminate different tissue types is discussed. In addition, the spectral features that are characteristic for each tissue type are described in detail. Novel imaging experiments upon exfoliated cervical cells are also presented. It would appear that cellular abnormality in cervical tissues and cells affects both the protein and nucleic acid features of the spectra. Glycogen and glycoprotein contributions that are prevalent in healthy tissues are also absent. Chapter 4 details sample preparation methods, the instrumentation and procedures used for data acquisition, and the subsequent data processing and multivariate techniques applied to analyse the collected spectral datasets.

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Florin, Charles Henri. "Automated Traffic Control for Smart Landing Facilities." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36095.

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The Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) is a partnership between the FAA, the NASA, US aviation companies, universities and state and local aviation officials. The purpose of SATS is to develop a system to handle future increase in Air Traffic, reduce time-travel, develop automation in Air Traffic Control (ATC) and make better use of small aircraft and underused airports. The Smart Landing Facility (SLF) is an important part of the program. The SLF is a small airport upgraded with equipment to support SATS aircraft. Among the SLF equipment, SATS needs new detection equipment, and eventually automation. This thesis investigates different techniques to avoid data collision in aircraft radar responses, and to reduce delays between landings and take offs. First, the paper shows how and when the radar receiver can separate two overlapped radar responses. Second, to avoid transponders responses overlapping, requirements in terms of aircraft safety distance are computed, different conflicts in air traffic around the SLF are examined and a solution is proposed for each case. And finally, the thesis investigates how far SATS can go in developing an automatic ATC system and what the role of future human operator will be in ATC.<br>Master of Science

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Kwa, James Boon Hwee. "Planning automated guided vehicle movements in a factory." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24050.

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Payne, Katherine Carl. "Automated Route Generation for Bicycle Tours of the United States." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333502.

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Planning a multi-day bicycle tour is a time intensive and difficult task. To enable cyclists to construct their own multi-day tour routes, we propose an automated system which, given an origin, destination, and points of interest, generates detailed bicycle tour routes of minimal perceived exertion. This dissertation is comprised of three bodies of work contained in chapters 2, 3, and 4, respectively. In the first work, chapter 2, we build and test a model of the perceived exertion of different categories of cyclists on a daily path within a long bicycle tour. We first propose an additive formula for calculating the perceived exertion of cyclists on component parts of a tour and then present the results of a survey designed to verify the accuracy of the model. In the second work, chapter 3, we describe an algorithmic procedure for transforming a traditional road graph into a topographical graph. To that end we use polyline data from the OpenStreetMap (OSM), elevation data from the U.S. Geological Survey, and a model of perceived exertion for bicyclists of different levels of expertise. Our topographical graph allows for the calculation of the perceived exertion over any sequence of road segments (a path) for bicyclists of different levels of expertise and serves as input for generating paths of minimal perceived exertion. In the final work, chapter 4, we describe a procedure for constructing bicycle routes of minimal perceived exertion for cyclists of different levels of expertise over a multi-day tour. Given a cyclists origin, destination, selected points of interest, and a level of cycling expertise, this procedure generates a multi-day bicycle tour as a collection of successive daily paths that begin and end at overnight accommodations. We demonstrate the implementation of this procedure on an example multi-day tour route in California and present the results of a survey designed to evaluate the daily paths constructed. In summation, this dissertation contributes a new metric of perceived exertion for bicycle riders, a new topographical graph, and a procedure for constructing multi-day bicycle tour routes of minimal perceived exertion for bicyclists of different levels of expertise.

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Kassem, Ali. "Automated Verification of Exam, Cash, aa Reputation, and Routing Protocols." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM037/document.

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La sécurité est une exigence cruciale dans les applications basées sur l'information et la technologie de communication, surtout quand un réseau ouvert tel que l'Internet est utilisé. Pour assurer la sécurité dans ces applications des protocoles cryptographiques ont été développé. Cependant, la conception de protocoles de sécurité est notoirement difficile et source d'erreurs. Plusieurs failles ont été trouvées sur des protocoles qui se sont prétendus sécurisés. Par conséquent, les protocoles cryptographiques doivent être vérifiés avant d'être utilisés. Une approche pour vérifier les protocoles cryptographiques est l'utilisation des méthodes formelles, qui ont obtenu de nombreux résultats au cours des dernières années.Méthodes formelles portent sur l'analyse des spécifications des protocoles modélisées en utilisant, par exemple, les logiques dédiés, ou algèbres de processus. Les méthodes formelles peuvent trouver des failles ou permettent de prouver qu'un protocole est sécurisé sous certaines hypothèses par rapport aux propriétés de sécurité données. Toutefois, elles abstraient des erreurs de mise en ouvre et les attaques side-channel.Afin de détecter ces erreurs et la vérification des attaques d'exécution peut être utilisée pour analyser les systèmes ou protocoles exécutions. En outre, la vérification de l'exécution peut aider dans les cas où les procédures formelles mettent un temps exponentielle ou souffrent de problèmes de terminaison. Dans cette thèse, nous contribuons à la vérification des protocoles cryptographiques avec un accent sur la vérification formelle et l'automatisation. Tout d'abord, nous étudions les protocoles d'examen. Nous proposons des définitions formelles pour plusieurs propriétés d'authentification et de confidentialité dans le Pi-calcul Appliqué.Nous fournissons également une des définitions abstraites de propriétés de vérifiabilité. Nous analysons toutes ces propriétés en utilisant automatiquement ProVerif sur plusieurs études de cas, et avons identifié plusieurs failles. En outre, nous proposons plusieurs moniteurs de vérifier les exigences d'examen à l'exécution. Ces moniteurs sont validés par l'analyse d'un exécutions d'examen réel en utilisant l'outil MARQ Java.Deuxièmement, nous proposons un cadre formel pour vérifier les propriétés de sécurité de protocoles de monnaie électronique non transférable. Nous définissons la notion de vie privée du client et les propriétés de la falsification. Encore une fois, nous illustrons notre modèle en analysant trois études de cas à l'aide ProVerif, et confirmons plusieurs attaques connues.Troisièmement, nous proposons des définitions formelles de l'authentification, la confidentialité et les propriétés de vérifiabilité de protocoles de réputation électroniques. Nous discutons les définitions proposées, avec l'aide de ProVerif, sur un protocole de réputation simple. Enfin, nous obtenons un résultat sur la réduction de la vérification de la validité d'une route dans les protocoles de routage ad-hoc, en présence de plusieurs attaquants indépendants qui ne partagent pas leurs connaissances<br>Security is a crucial requirement in the applications based on information and communication technology, especially when an open network such as the Internet is used.To ensure security in such applications cryptographic protocols have been used.However, the design of security protocols is notoriously difficult and error-prone.Several flaws have been found on protocols that are claimed secure.Hence, cryptographic protocols must be verified before they are used.One approach to verify cryptographic protocols is the use of formal methods, which have achieved many results in recent years.Formal methods concern on analysis of protocol specifications modeled using, e.g., dedicated logics, or process algebras.Formal methods can find flaws or prove that a protocol is secure under ``perfect cryptographic assumption" with respect to given security properties. However, they abstract away from implementation errors and side-channel attacks.In order to detect such errors and attacks runtime verification can be used to analyze systems or protocols executions.Moreover, runtime verification can help in the cases where formal procedures have exponential time or suffer from termination problems.In this thesis we contribute to cryptographic protocols verification with an emphasis on formal verification and automation.Firstly, we study exam protocols. We propose formal definitions for several authentication and privacy propertiesin the Applied Pi-Calculus. We also provide an abstract definitions of verifiability properties.We analyze all these properties automatically using ProVerif on multiple case studies, and identify several flaws.Moreover, we propose several monitors to check exam requirements at runtime. These monitors are validated by analyzing a real exam executions using MARQ Java based tool.Secondly, we propose a formal framework to verify the security properties of non-transferable electronic cash protocols.We define client privacy and forgery related properties.Again, we illustrate our model by analyzing three case studies using ProVerif, and confirm several known attacks.Thirdly, we propose formal definitions of authentication, privacy, and verifiability properties of electronic reputation protocols. We discuss the proposed definitions, with the help of ProVerif, on a simple reputation protocol.Finally, we obtain a reduction result to verify route validity of ad-hoc routing protocols in presence of multiple independent attackers that do not share their knowledge

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Ji, Yuxiong. "Distribution-based Approach to Take Advantage of Automatic Passenger Counter Data in Estimating Period Route-level Transit Passenger Origin-Destination Flows:Methodology Development, Numerical Analyses and Empirical Investigations." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299688722.

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Koca, Thimjo. "Spatio-Temporal Regions in the Context of Aircraft En-route Tactical Con ict Resolution." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670589.

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Es preveu que la Gestió del Trànsit Aeri (ATM) canviï dràsticament. Per a satisfer la creixent demanda d’ús de l’espai aèri, s’esperen canvis dràstics en la present Gestió del Trànsit Aeri (ATM). Per l’horitzó de temps estratègic, que s’estén fins al 2050, Existeixen 2 línies de pensament que agrupen les diferents alternatives per a un horitzó de temps estratègic, que s’estén fins al 2050. Una es basa en un moviment cap a l’espai aeri no controlat i el concepte del vol lliure. L’altre busca moure’s cap a la direcció oposada, la de l’espai aeri totalment automatitzat i controlat. Més enllà de les seves diferències conceptuals, ambdues visions manifesten alguns components comuns. La necessitat d’una detecció i resolució de conflictes tàctica (CD&R) automatitzada en ruta és una d’elles. Tot i que el tema de CD&R ha estat investigat a fons en les últimes tres dècades, existeixen diferents aspectes que no han estat tractats. En particular, les solucions proposades no mostren cert nivell de resiliència, no proporcionen una identificació completa del tràfic circumdant que podria veure’s afectat per la resolució del conflicte original, no permeten que els usuaris de l’espai aèri participin en la Resolució de Conflictes (CR) de manera realista (per aconseguir resolucions eficients), i no proporcionen els límits de temps de maniobra dins dels quals es poden aconseguir resolucions factibles. Aquest treball aborda els problemes anteriors de la següent manera. Es proposa l’ús de regions espacio-temporals en lloc de trajectòries úniques per aconseguir cert nivell de resiliència en la CR. A través del mètode proposat de “coll d’ampolla”, es quantifica el nivell de resiliència de les regions. L’ “ecosistema aeri”, la construcció formal que serveix per aconseguir la identificació completa del tràfic circumdant rellevant, es defineix formalment per dotar al CR de la propietat de sistema completEs realitza una anàlisi del tràfic històric i projectat per a identificar la dimensió dels ecosistemes aeris formats. La detecció de conflictes per parelles s’utilitza per construir un ecosistema aeri complet. Per a tractar casos en els quals coexisteixen diferents conflictes parells en el temps amb estreta dependencia espacial, s’amplia el concepte “d’ecosistema aeri” i es defineix l’ “ecosistema compost”. A més, es proposen algunes estratègies per a mitigar la dependència entre els conflictes per parelles dins de l’ecosistema compost. Es realitza una anàlisis del tràfic històric i sintètic per a identificar els ecosistemes compostos que es formen i provar l’efectivitat de les estratègies de mitigació proposades. S’adopta un mecanisme de negociació automatitzat, a través del qual els usuaris de l’espai aèri poden participar activament en el procés de CR. El mecanisme proposat és descentralitzat, proporciona la integritat del procés d’identificació i ofereix cert nivell de resiliència. D’aquesta manera, els usuaris de l’espai aèri poden participar en el CR amb el propòsit d’augmentar l’eficiència sense revelar les seves preferències respecte dels seus costos i estratègies. El mecanisme de negociació automatitzat s’enriqueix amb un enfocament inicial per a identificar els límits temporals del marc de resolució de conflictes per parelles de l’aeronau delegada. Aquesta informació s’utilitza per a determinar el límit temporal per al procediment de negociació automatitzat.<br>Para hacer frente a la creciente demanda de uso del espacio aéreo, se esperan cambios drásticos en la presente Gestión del Tránsito Aéreo (ATM). Existen 2 líneas de pensamiento que agrupan las diferentes alternativas para un horizonte de tiempo estratégico, que se extiende hasta 2050. Una se basa en un movimiento hacia el espacio aéreo no controlado y el concepto de vuelo libre. La otra busca moverse hacia la dirección opuesta, la del espacio aéreo totalmente automatizado y controlado. Más allá de sus diferencias conceptuales, ambas visiones manifiestan algunos componentes comunes. La necesidad de una detección y resolución de conflictos táctica (CD&R) automatizada en ruta es una de ellas. Aunque el tema de CD&R ha sido investigado a fondo en las últimas tres décadas, existen varios aspectos que no han sido tratados. En particular, las soluciones propuestas no exhiben cierto nivel de resiliencia, no proporcionan una identificación completa del tráfico circundante que podría verse afectado por la resolución del conflicto original, no permiten que los usuarios del espacio aéreo participen en la Resolución de Conflictos (CR) de manera realista (para lograr resoluciones eficientes), y no proporcionan los límites de tiempo de maniobra dentro de los cuales se pueden lograr resoluciones factibles. Este trabajo aborda los problemas anteriores de la siguiente manera. Se propone el uso de regiones espacio-temporales en lugar de trayectorias únicas para lograr cierto nivel de resiliencia en la CR. A través del método propuesto de “cuello de botella”, se cuantifica el nivel de resiliencia de las regiones. El “ecosistema aéreo”, la construcción formal que sirve para lograr la identificación completa del tráfico circundante relevante, se define formalmente, para dotar al CR de la propiedad de sistema completo. Se realiza un análisis del tráfico histórico y proyectado para identificar el tamaño de los ecosistemas aéreos formados. La detección de conflictos por parejas se utiliza para construir un ecosistema aéreo completo. Para tratar casos en los que coexisten varios conflictos pares en el tiempo con estrecha dependencia espacial, se amplía el concepto de “ecosistema aéreo” y se define el “ecosistema compuesto”. Además, se proponen algunas estrategias para mitigar la dependencia entre los conflictos por parejas dentro del ecosistema compuesto. Se realiza un análisis del tráfico histórico y sintético para identificar los ecosistemas compuestos que se forman y probar la efectividad de las estrategias de mitigación propuestas. Se adopta un mecanismo de negociación automatizado, a través del cual los usuarios del espacio aéreo pueden participar activamente en el proceso de CR. El mecanismo propuesto es descentralizado, proporciona la integridad del proceso de identificación y ofrece cierto nivel de resiliencia. De esta manera, los usuarios pueden participar en el CR con el propósito de aumentar la eficiencia sin revelar sus preferencias con respecto a sus costes y estrategias. El mecanismo de negociación automatizado se enriquece con un enfoque inicial para identificar los límites temporales del marco de resolución de conflictos por parejas de la aeronave delegada. Esta información se utiliza para determinar el límite temporal para el procedimiento de negociación automatizado.<br>Air Traffic Management (ATM) is envisioned to change drastically in order to accommodate the increasing demand. For the strategic time horizon, that spans up to 2050, two lines of thoughts are presented. One of them supports a move towards non-controlled airspace and the concept of free flight. The other one seeks to move towards the opposite direction, that of fully automated, controlled airspace. Beyond their conceptual differences, both visions manifest some common components. The necessity for automatic tactical, en-route Conflict Detection & Resolution (CD&R) is one of them. Although the topic of CD&R has been heavily investigated the last three decades, several issues have not been treated by the literature. In particular, the proposed solvers do not exhibit some level of resilience, they do not provide a complete identification of the surrounding traffic that might be affected by the resolution of the original conflict, they do not allow airspace users to be involved in the Conflict Resolution (CR) in a realistic way in order to achieve efficient resolutions, and they do not provide the maneuver time limits within which feasible resolutions can be achieved. This work addresses the above issues in the following manner. The use of spatio-temporal regions instead of unique trajectories is proposed in order to achieve some level of resilience in the CR. Through the proposed “bottleneck” method, the regions’ level of resilience is quantified. The so called “aerial ecosystem”, the formal construct that serves to achieve complete identification of the relevant surrounding traffic, is formally defined in order to extend the CR with the completeness property. An analysis of historical and projected traffic in order to identify the size of the formed aerial ecosystems is performed. Pairwise conflict detection is used to construct a full aerial ecosystem. In order to treat cases when several pairwise conflicts co-exist in time with tight spatial bounds, the “aerial ecosystem” concept is extended and the “compound ecosystem” is defined. Moreover, some strategies to mitigate the dependence between the pairwise conflicts within the compound ecosystem are proposed. An analysis of historical and synthetic traffic is performed in order to identify the compound ecosystems that are formed and test the effectivity of the proposed mitigation strategies. An automated negotiation mechanism, through which airspace users can actively participate in the CR process is adopted. The proposed mechanism is decentralized, provides completeness of the identification process, and offers some level of resilience. In such a manner, airlines can participate in the CR with the purpose of increasing efficiency without revealing their preferences regarding their costs and strategies. The automated negotiation mechanism is enriched by an initial approach to identify the temporal fences of the delegated aircraft pairwise conflict resolution framework. This information is used to determine the deadline for the automated negotiation procedure.

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Books on the topic "Automated en route ATC"

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R, Vivona, Sanford B, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Descent advisor preliminary field test. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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R, Vivona, Sanford B, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Descent advisor preliminary field test. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Thomas, Durso Francis, United States. Office of Aviation Medicine., Civil Aeromedical Institute, and University of Oklahoma. Dept. of Psychology., eds. Reduced flight progress strips in en route ATC mixed environments. U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Aviation Medicine, 1998.

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1960-, Osegueda Roberto Alejandro, Texas. Dept. of Transportation., and University of Texas at El Paso. Center for Geotechnical and Highway Materials Research., eds. Automated route evaluation of overweight/oversize vehicles. Center for Geotechnical and Highway Materials Research, University of Texas at El Paso, 1998.

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U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories., ed. Automated route finder for multiple tank columns. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Topographic Laboratories, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Automated en route ATC"

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Bestugin A.R., Eshenko A.A., Filin A.D., Plyasovskikh A.P., Shatrakov A.Y., and Shatrakov Y.G. "ATC Radiotechnical Aids." In Air Traffic Control Automated Systems. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9386-0_10.

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Bestugin A.R., Eshenko A.A., Filin A.D., Plyasovskikh A.P., Shatrakov A.Y., and Shatrakov Y.G. "Advanced Automated ATC Systems." In Air Traffic Control Automated Systems. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9386-0_2.

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Baldwin, Rod. "Training Requirements for Automated ATC." In Automation and Systems Issues in Air Traffic Control. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76556-8_42.

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Bestugin A.R., Eshenko A.A., Filin A.D., Plyasovskikh A.P., Shatrakov A.Y., and Shatrakov Y.G. "Economics at ATC Automation Systems’ Implementation." In Air Traffic Control Automated Systems. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9386-0_11.

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Bestugin A.R., Eshenko A.A., Filin A.D., Plyasovskikh A.P., Shatrakov A.Y., and Shatrakov Y.G. "Technical Requirements to the ATC Automation System Simulators for Controllers." In Air Traffic Control Automated Systems. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9386-0_4.

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Bestugin A.R., Eshenko A.A., Filin A.D., Plyasovskikh A.P., Shatrakov A.Y., and Shatrakov Y.G. "Architecture and Composition of ATC Automation System Simulators for Controllers." In Air Traffic Control Automated Systems. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9386-0_5.

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Bestugin A.R., Eshenko A.A., Filin A.D., Plyasovskikh A.P., Shatrakov A.Y., and Shatrakov Y.G. "Automated Training Aids for the Remote ATC Specialists Proficiency Maintaining System." In Air Traffic Control Automated Systems. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9386-0_8.

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Bestugin A.R., Eshenko A.A., Filin A.D., Plyasovskikh A.P., Shatrakov A.Y., and Shatrakov Y.G. "Purpose and Comparative Study of the Controllers of ATC Automated System Simulators." In Air Traffic Control Automated Systems. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9386-0_3.

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Cohen, Yuval, and Dina Goren-Bar. "New Automated Assembly Model Based on Automated Route Card Scheme." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3558-7_8.

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Duckham, Matt, and Lars Kulik. "“Simplest” Paths: Automated Route Selection for Navigation." In Spatial Information Theory. Foundations of Geographic Information Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39923-0_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Automated en route ATC"

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David, H. "A radically revised en-route ATC interface." In People in Control. Human Factors in Control Room Design. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20010448.

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Bolczak, Richard, Joe Celio, Ray Newman, Karen Viets, and Dave Winokur. "En Route ATC Sector Position Operations in 2020." In AIAA 4th Aviation Technology, Integration and Operations (ATIO) Forum. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-6509.

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Dung, Le The, and Beongku An. "The Analysis of Route Availability and Route Stability in Mobile Ad-hoc Wireless Networks." In 2013 IEEE 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing and 2013 IEEE 10th International Conference on Autonomic & Trusted Computing (UIC/ATC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uic-atc.2013.91.

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Hoekstra, Jacco, Mario Valenti Clari, Ronald van Gent, and Rob Ruigrok. "Meeting the EU Vision 2020 ATC En Route Capacity Goals." In AIAA International Air and Space Symposium and Exposition: The Next 100 Years. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-2793.

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Bombelli, Alessandro, Adria Segarra Torne, Eric Trumbauer, and Kenneth D. Mease. "Automated Route Clustering for Air Traffic Modeling." In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-1318.

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Dugani, Swaroopa V., Sunanda Dixit, and Mahesh Belur. "Automated adaptive sequential recommendation of travel route." In 2017 International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccmc.2017.8282692.

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Hvezda, Jakub, Tomas Rybecky, Miroslav Kulich, and Libor Preucil. "Context-Aware Route Planning for Automated Warehouses." In 2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569712.

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Sheng, Shili, Erfan Pakdamanian, Kyungtae Han, Ziran Wang, John Lenneman, and Lu Feng. "Trust-based route planning for automated vehicles." In ICCPS '21: ACM/IEEE 12th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems. ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3450267.3450529.

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Hennebry, Michael, Kuodi Jian, and Kendall E. Nygard. "Dynamic network refinement in automated aircraft route planning." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eit.2007.4374507.

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Duley, Jacqueline A., Scott M. Galster, Raja Parasuraman, and Anthony J. Smoker. "En Route ATC Information Requirements for Participation in Future Collaborative Decision Making." In World Aviation Congress & Exposition. SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-5541.

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Reports on the topic "Automated en route ATC"

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Rodier, Caroline, Andrea Broaddus, Miguel Jaller, Jeffery Song, Joschka Bischoff, and Yunwan Zhang. Cost-Benefit Analysis of Novel Access Modes: A Case Study in the San Francisco Bay Area. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1816.

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The first-mile, last-mile problem is a significant deterrent for potential transit riders, especially in suburban neighborhoods with low density. Transit agencies have typically sought to solve this problem by adding parking spaces near transit stations and adding stops to connect riders to fixed-route transit. However, these measures are often only short-term solutions. In the last few years, transit agencies have tested whether new mobility services, such as ridehailing, ridesharing, and microtransit, can offer fast, reliable connections to and from transit stations. However, there is limited research that evaluates the potential impacts of these projects. Concurrently, there is growing interest in the future of automated vehicles (AVs) and the potential of AVs to solve this first-mile problem by reducing the cost of providing these new mobility services to promote access to transit. This paper expands upon existing research to model the simulate the travel and revenue impacts of a fleet of automated vehicles that provide transit access services in the San Francisco Bay Area offered over a range of fares. The model simulates a fleet of AVs for first-mile transit access at different price points for three different service models (door-to-door ridehailing and ridesharing and meeting point ridesharing services). These service models include home-based drop-off and pick-up for single passenger service (e.g., Uber and Lyft), home-based drop-off and pick-up for multi-passenger service (e.g., microtransit), and meeting point multi-passenger service (e.g., Via).

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Ficenec, Karen, Grant Payne, Eric Miller, et al. Automated Transit Fleet Electrification Planning in Response to Route Dynamics, Vehicle Utilization, and Local Climate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1798710.

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Gates, Allison, Michelle Gates, Shannon Sim, Sarah A. Elliott, Jennifer Pillay, and Lisa Hartling. Creating Efficiencies in the Extraction of Data From Randomized Trials: A Prospective Evaluation of a Machine Learning and Text Mining Tool. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethodscreatingefficiencies.

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Background. Machine learning tools that semi-automate data extraction may create efficiencies in systematic review production. We prospectively evaluated an online machine learning and text mining tool’s ability to (a) automatically extract data elements from randomized trials, and (b) save time compared with manual extraction and verification. Methods. For 75 randomized trials published in 2017, we manually extracted and verified data for 21 unique data elements. We uploaded the randomized trials to ExaCT, an online machine learning and text mining tool, and quantified performance by evaluating the tool’s ability to identify the reporting of data elements (reported or not reported), and the relevance of the extracted sentences, fragments, and overall solutions. For each randomized trial, we measured the time to complete manual extraction and verification, and to review and amend the data extracted by ExaCT (simulating semi-automated data extraction). We summarized the relevance of the extractions for each data element using counts and proportions, and calculated the median and interquartile range (IQR) across data elements. We calculated the median (IQR) time for manual and semiautomated data extraction, and overall time savings. Results. The tool identified the reporting (reported or not reported) of data elements with median (IQR) 91 percent (75% to 99%) accuracy. Performance was perfect for four data elements: eligibility criteria, enrolment end date, control arm, and primary outcome(s). Among the top five sentences for each data element at least one sentence was relevant in a median (IQR) 88 percent (83% to 99%) of cases. Performance was perfect for four data elements: funding number, registration number, enrolment start date, and route of administration. Among a median (IQR) 90 percent (86% to 96%) of relevant sentences, pertinent fragments had been highlighted by the system; exact matches were unreliable (median (IQR) 52 percent [32% to 73%]). A median 48 percent of solutions were fully correct, but performance varied greatly across data elements (IQR 21% to 71%). Using ExaCT to assist the first reviewer resulted in a modest time savings compared with manual extraction by a single reviewer (17.9 vs. 21.6 hours total extraction time across 75 randomized trials). Conclusions. Using ExaCT to assist with data extraction resulted in modest gains in efficiency compared with manual extraction. The tool was reliable for identifying the reporting of most data elements. The tool’s ability to identify at least one relevant sentence and highlight pertinent fragments was generally good, but changes to sentence selection and/or highlighting were often required.

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Arhin, Stephen, Babin Manandhar, Hamdiat Baba Adam, and Adam Gatiba. Predicting Bus Travel Times in Washington, DC Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1943.

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Washington, DC is ranked second among cities in terms of highest public transit commuters in the United States, with approximately 9% of the working population using the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) Metrobuses to commute. Deducing accurate travel times of these metrobuses is an important task for transit authorities to provide reliable service to its patrons. This study, using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), developed prediction models for transit buses to assist decision-makers to improve service quality and patronage. For this study, we used six months of Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) and Automatic Passenger Counting (APC) data for six Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) bus routes operating in Washington, DC. We developed regression models and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models for predicting travel times of buses for different peak periods (AM, Mid-Day and PM). Our analysis included variables such as number of served bus stops, length of route between bus stops, average number of passengers in the bus, average dwell time of buses, and number of intersections between bus stops. We obtained ANN models for travel times by using approximation technique incorporating two separate algorithms: Quasi-Newton and Levenberg-Marquardt. The training strategy for neural network models involved feed forward and errorback processes that minimized the generated errors. We also evaluated the models with a Comparison of the Normalized Squared Errors (NSE). From the results, we observed that the travel times of buses and the dwell times at bus stops generally increased over time of the day. We gathered travel time equations for buses for the AM, Mid-Day and PM Peaks. The lowest NSE for the AM, Mid-Day and PM Peak periods corresponded to training processes using Quasi-Newton algorithm, which had 3, 2 and 5 perceptron layers, respectively. These prediction models could be adapted by transit agencies to provide the patrons with accurate travel time information at bus stops or online.

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Hodgdon, Taylor, Anthony Fuentes, Jason Olivier, Brian Quinn, and Sally Shoop. Automated terrain classification for vehicle mobility in off-road conditions. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40219.

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The U.S. Army is increasingly interested in autonomous vehicle operations, including off-road autonomous ground maneuver. Unlike on-road, off-road terrain can vary drastically, especially with the effects of seasonality. As such, vehicles operating in off-road environments need to be in-formed about the changing terrain prior to departure or en route for successful maneuver to the mission end point. The purpose of this report is to assess machine learning algorithms used on various remotely sensed datasets to see which combinations are useful for identifying different terrain. The study collected data from several types of winter conditions by using both active and passive, satellite and vehicle-based sensor platforms and both supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms. To classify specific terrain types, supervised algorithms must be used in tandem with large training datasets, which are time consuming to create. However, unsupervised segmentation algorithms can be used to help label the training data. More work is required gathering training data to include a wider variety of terrain types. While classification is a good first step, more detailed information about the terrain properties will be needed for off-road autonomy.

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