Journal articles: 'Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV)'

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Hasan, Hameedah Sahib. "Automated Guided Vehicle, Routing and algorithms." Science Proceedings Series 1, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/sps.v1i2.562.

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The routing problem of Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) targets to discovery the shortest path between two station. AGV is used widly in transporting sysrems. Earily it used in static routing (pre-defined routes), which follow fixed line. Instead of using fixed path, there is another type which is dynamic routing can use to add a high flexibility to the system.To accommodate the increased flexibility and reduce time. In this paper, routing of AGV is introduced. Different AGV shortest path algorithms are presented with highlights their main differences between them. Furthermore, AGV routing in real time using local position system (LPS) wthin labview environment is achived. Keywords: AGV; Dynamic Routing; Shortest Path Algorithm; local position system ____________________________________________________________________

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Pradhan, S. K., Amit Kumar, and A. N. Sinha. "Some Analysis of Automated Guided Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 2225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.2225.

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AGV is mostly used in industrial application to move material around manufacturing facility. Here assembling of AGV is done by using components like chassis, wheels, wiper motors, gear motor, LED sensors, tactile sensor, actuators etc. AGV is designed with the help of electrical design of sensors which are used to control AGV during operation when it is moved on guided path. AGV design was modelled and simulated using catiaV5 software .Design was modelled and drawing preparation was done using catiaV5.Static analysis was done for stress using catiaV5 .Here principal stresses at different point were obtained having different deflection .Graphs are plotted for principal stress verses deflection and Navigation performance of AGV uses electric motor .Thus AGV is used to pick up the object with proper gripping system. A navigation system has been developed using sensors. AGV contains software and hardware components and is primarily used for material handling in industries. Static analysis was done for stress using catiaV5. Graphs are plotted for principal stress vs. deflection. The same analysis can be done for different material depending on loading condition. Stress analysis concept can be used to study dynamic analysis. Optimization of AGV can be possible by using different material. To evaluate the performance simulations were conducted using catiaV5 maintaining a constant setup inputs all over. IndexTerms:Catia,navigation,optimization

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Pham, Quang Ha, Ngoc Huy Tran, and Thien Phuong Ton. "Design and Control of Automated Guided Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 902 (September 2020): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.902.33.

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Autonomous Guided Vehicles (AGV) have the ability to operate on their own, perform tasks without human intervention. However, the investment cost is very high, so it is not suitable for countries with cheap workers like Vietnam. Therefore, this article will aim to build a complete AGV model that can move to the given coordinates. Model of AGV is 6-wheeled vehicles driven by 4 engines with the advantage of good movement in soft terrain, subsidence, ruggedness, slope, easy to balance and limit the vibration. Furthermore, we propose a method to improve the quality of the traditional A* algorithm by eliminating unnecessary intermediate points, which is Shortcut Path Reduction (SPR). Experimental results show that the vehicle can perform the bending technique, following straight lines and broken lines. Besides, the SPR not only met the requirements but also reduced the length of the journey.

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Kato, Shigeru, and Kok Wai Wong. "Intelligent Automated Guided Vehicle Controller with Reverse Strategy." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 15, no. 3 (May 20, 2011): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2011.p0304.

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This paper describes the intelligent Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) control system using Fuzzy Rule Interpolation (FRI) method. The AGV used in this paper is a virtual vehicle simulated using computer. The purpose of the control system is to control the simulated AGV by moving along the given path towards a goal. Some obstacles can be placed on or near the path to increase the difficulties of the control system. The intelligent AGV should follow the path by avoiding these obstacles. This system consists of two fuzzy controllers. One is the original FRI controller that mainly controls the forward movement of the AGV. Another one is the proposed reverse movement controller that deals with the critical situation. When the original FRI controller faces the critical situation, our proposed reverse controller will control the AGV to reverse and move forward towards the goal. Our proposed reverse controller utilizes the advantage of FRI method. In our system, we also develop a novel switching system to switch from original to the developed reverse controller.

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Zhang, Jie, Yuntao Peng, William N. N. Hung, Xiaojuan Li, Jindong Tan, and Zhiping Shi. "A Case Study on Formal Analysis of an Automated Guided Vehicle System." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/327465.

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This paper considers a hybrid I/O automata model for an automated guided vehicle (AGV) system. A set of key properties of an AGV system are characterized for the correctness of the system. An abstract model is constructed from the hybrid automata model to simplify the proof of the constraints. The two models are equivalent in terms of bisimulation relation. We derive the constraints to ensure the correctness of the properties. We validate the system by analyzing the parameters of the constraints of the AGV system.

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Ahmad, Shafeek, Che Fai Yeong, Eileen Lee Ming Su, and Swee Ho Tang. "Improvement of Automated Guided Vehicle Design Using Finite Element Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 607 (July 2014): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.607.317.

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Automated Guided Vehicle is a mobile robot used in various industries to transfer goods and materials from one place to another in the industrial compound such as production line and warehouses. Due to the payload it should carry, the design should be able to handle certain level of mechanical stress. The optimization study is important to assure the material and design is safe an optimum under the specified conditions before the AGV is manufactured. In this study, a conventional AGV designed previously by an AGV manufacturer to bring a payload of 70 kg is analyzed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and SolidWorks software is used to do the FEA simulation. This paper also explain on how the factor of safety for the AGV is derived. The parameter change in this study were the thickness of the sheet metal used to build the AGV while the study output is the stress level, factor of safety and weight of the AGV.

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Margaret, K. S., G. Sathish Kumar, J. Narendiran, and M. Raman. "PLC Based Sub-Assembly Station with Automated Guided Vehicle." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 7 (June 29, 2018): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i7.221.

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The aim of the project is to build an assembly station with the preventive section under the process of poke yoke system. Poke yoke is the general methodology following in industry to avoid mismatching product in assembly stations. The main aim of this project is to avoid assembling process when the sequential procedure is not followed. The project also deals with AGV – Automatic Guided Vehicle. It automatically shifts the assembling components from store room to work station when the count of components decreases in storage bin. When the material count in the storage bins reaches the preset count it will pass signal to store room, the components will be filled manually in AGV storage bins and then the AGV is moved to the destination point (work station).

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Zajac, Jerzy, Grzegorz Chwajoł, Tomasz Wiek, Krzysztof Krupa, Waldemar Małopolski, and Adam Słota. "Automated Guided Vehicle System for Work-in-Process Movement." Solid State Phenomena 196 (February 2013): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.196.181.

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The paper presents an automated guided vehicle transportation subsystem used for work-in-process movement, built at the Production Engineering Institute of Cracow University of Technology. It describes design and operational parameters of built vehicles as well as the principles of integration of AGV control subsystem with the AIM multi-agent manufacturing control system. Furthermore, results of the verification of applied path-finding, anti-collision and anti-deadlock algorithms are included.

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Tanaya, Prianggada Indra. "Preliminary Development of Subsumption Architecture Control for Automated Guided Vehicle." ROTASI 21, no. 4 (October 23, 2019): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/rotasi.21.4.200-208.

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Subsumption control architecture is an control architecture based on parallel system. Input of information of sensors is directly connected through modules in the control system, and further the decision making is connected to actuators. Automated Guided Vehicle or AGV is an automated component within integrated manufacturing system. In this article, this control architecture will be designed and implemented to an AGV. Commands are designed based on Object-Oriented technology. The commands are arranged in subsumption, where a command higher subsumed other command of its lower level. GPFO (Greater Priority First Out) technique is implemed for executing the commands by using multi-threading. Experimentation is performed to have the characteristics of commands being executed. This work introduce our effort to design an operating system for an AGV.

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Zhang, Xin, Hao Zhou, and Guo Song Liu. "Design of the Automatic Guided Vehicle Control System Applied to Automotive Logistics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.381.

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In order to improve the efficiency of auto parts distribution logistics, to lower the cost of auto production in transportation logistics, and to reduce accidents, in this paper it is designed that an automatic guided vehicle control system to replace the manned tractors in the distribution sites. The system is equipped with an infrared homing device that can ensure the automated guided vehicle (AGV) along a predetermined route automatic driving at a given distribution information, without the needs to manually guided. Test results show that the circuit performance of AGV control system is stable to ensure the accuracy of the tracking in the practical application, and the mean absolute error of the tracking is less than 0.04m.

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Tack, Han Ho, and Sung Gab Kwon. "Driving Control of Automated Guided Vehicle Using Centroid of Gravity Method." Journal of the Korea Industrial Information Systems Research 19, no. 2 (April 30, 2014): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9723/jksiis.2014.19.2.059.

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C, Manimaran. "Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV) for Scrap Collecting Vehicle." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 1451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.4262.

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Long, Jing, and Chun Liang Zhang. "The Summary of AGV Guidance Technology." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 1625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.1625.

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AGV is short for automated guided vehicle. AGV is unmanned automated guided carriage car equipped with a non-contact guidance with microcontroller as controlling core and battery as power. The basic functions of the AGV are driving automated, recognizing the site to stop and transfering loads. AGV has been more widely used, because it is a key equipment of flexible manufacturing systems and an important mean of modern logistics systems. Guidance technology is the most critical core technology in AGV system. In this paper the author consult a lot of relevant books and mainly compares principle of a variety of AGV navigation technologies ,analyzes the advantages and disadvantages and forecast the trend of the agv guidance technology development in the future so that relevant researchers can do further research.

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Putra, B. E., A. Z. Arfianto, L. Subiyanto, Z. M. A. Putra, M. K. Hasin, D. A. Utari, M. B. Rahmat, et al. "Multi Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) cardboard carrier using wireless communication." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 340 (October 7, 2019): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/340/1/012009.

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Mohsin, S., I. A. Khan, and M. Ali. "Ergonomics-based working flexibility for automated guided vehicle (AGV) operators." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 103, no. 1-4 (March 22, 2019): 529–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03542-3.

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Zajac, Jerzy, Adam Slota, Krzysztof Krupa, Tomasz Wiek, Grzegorz Chwajol, and Waldemar Małopolski. "Some Aspects of Design and Construction of an Automated Guided Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 282 (January 2013): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.282.59.

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The paper presents mechanical, safety and positioning aspects of design of a three-wheel, battery powered, automated guided vehicle. AGV is driven by a DC motor integrated with the wheel. The chosen kinematic structure is compact and assures a high degree of maneuverability. Principles of operation and general capabilities of safety laser scanner SICK S300 were discussed. AGV is equipped with laser localization system SICK NAV300. The paper presents some issues concerning implementation of this equipment in the AGV built at the Production Engineering Institute of Cracow University of Technology.

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Xia, Tian, Chao Jin, Yi Zhong Li, and Xiao Yang Jiang. "The AGV Controller System Design Based on CPAC." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 1356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.1356.

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According to the material handling AGV in accurate,timely and flexible requirements, proposed based on Googol GE-400SV motion controller AGV control system. Constructed to CPAC core AGV control system hardware structure. Constructed as GE-400SV motion controller for the core of AGV control system hardware structure, and using VC ++6.0 completed system software realization. Experimental results show that: use GE-400SV motion controller and the development software as control core of AGV can meet the hardware and software design of Automated Guided Vehicle precise positionig , automatic walk.

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Sharke, Paul. "No More Sweat or Tears." Mechanical Engineering 125, no. 07 (July 1, 2003): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2003-jul-3.

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This article focuses on the fact that automated guided vehicles are making inroads on safety and the bottom line. More sense prevails in the controlled environment of a U.S. Postal Service processing facility in Fort Myers. There, at least, pedestrians are granted their rightful way. The heavily automated facility is a test case for the post office’s experiment in integrated mail processing. The automated guided vehicles (AGV) move pallets and wheeled containers between the sorting equipment and the loading dock. For the Fort Myers AGV project, personnel installed a grid of reflectors in the building. The vehicles, bouncing laser light off these reflectors, triangulate their x-y coordinates and their headings. A confidence factor helps the vehicle place either more faith or less in its knowing where it is, thereby accounting, say, for variations in a scan off a dirty reflector.

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Rashidah Mohamad, Nor, Muhammad Hafidz Fazli Md Fauadi, Siti Fairus Zainudin, Ahamad Zaki Mohamed Mohamed Noor, Fairul Azni Jafar, and Mahasan Mat Ali. "Optimization of Material Transportation Assignment for Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.20 (September 1, 2018): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.20.19269.

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This article focuses on Material Transportation Assignment problem that is identified as an Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) multi-load task assignment. The primary goal of this paper is to determine the factors needed to optimize material transportation system. This study also explores the optimization and performance enhancement of the Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) environment. The implementation of Genetic Algorithm (GA) in this model is to obtain the optimal solution for FMS layout. The combination of delivery and pickup task are addressed by modified algorithm for advancement in multiple loads AGV. The result obtained depicts that the proposed task assignment method with a modified genetic algorithm can produce acceptable performance compared to conventional task assignment method.

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Yoon, Sang Won, Seong-Bae Park, and Jong Shik Kim. "Kalman Filter Sensor Fusion for Mecanum Wheeled Automated Guided Vehicle Localization." Journal of Sensors 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/347379.

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The Mecanum automated guided vehicle (AGV), which can move in any direction by using a special wheel structure with a LIM-wheel and a diagonally positioned roller, holds considerable promise for the field of industrial electronics. A conventional method for Mecanum AGV localization has certain limitations, such as slip phenomena, because there are variations in the surface of the road and ground friction. Therefore, precise localization is a very important issue for the inevitable slip phenomenon situation. So a sensor fusion technique is developed to cope with this drawback by using the Kalman filter. ENCODER and StarGazer were used for sensor fusion. StarGazer is a position sensor for an image recognition device and always generates some errors due to the limitations of the image recognition device. ENCODER has also errors accumulating over time. On the other hand, there are no moving errors. In this study, we developed a Mecanum AGV prototype system and showed by simulation that we can eliminate the disadvantages of each sensor. We obtained the precise localization of the Mecanum AGV in a slip phenomenon situation via sensor fusion using a Kalman filter.

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Vancea, A. P., and I. Orha. "A survey in the design and control of automated guided vehicle systems." Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjece-2019-0016.

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Abstract Automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) play an important role in the small-scale industry as well as the largescale industry in handling materials inside factories from one place to another. In the last days, the materials to be handled are more numerous and as production and demand increase, it strongly influences the transport of materials in desperate need of a vehicle to distribute, position the materials within the industry. AGVs are generally installed with wires at ground level and signals are transmitted through them to be controlled. Due to the emergence of the AGV, the workload of the human being gradually decreased and the production efficiency increased. Thus, the need for an AGV has become more technologically important in the advanced robotic world. Normally, these systems are integrated into a global production system, where is a need to make direct changes in the design and planning of the floor store to get most of them. But in the rapidly changing production system and the adaptable floor store, the implementation of AGV has become very important and difficult, because it depends on many systems, such as wires, frequency, total production, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an independent AGV, which can operate on its own and make decisions based on changes in the environment.

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Stetter, Ralf. "A Fuzzy Virtual Actuator for Automated Guided Vehicles." Sensors 20, no. 15 (July 26, 2020): 4154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154154.

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In the last decades, virtual sensors have found increasing attention in the research community. Virtual sensors employ mathematical models and different sources of information such as actuator states or sensors, which are already existing in a system, in order to generate virtual measurements. Additionally, in recent years, the concept of virtual actuators has been proposed by leading researchers. Virtual actuators are parts of a fault-tolerant control strategy and aim to accommodate faults and to achieve a safe operation of a faulty plant. This paper describes a novel concept for a fuzzy virtual actuator applied to an automated guided vehicle (AGV). The application of fuzzy logic rules allows integrating expert knowledge or experimental data into the decision making of the virtual actuator. The AGV under consideration disposes of an innovative steering concept, which leads to considerable advantages in terms of maneuverability, but requires an elaborate control system. The application of the virtual actuator allows the accommodation of several possible faults, such as a slippery surface under one of the drive modules of the AGV.

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Shi, W., D. B. Tang, and P. Zou. "Multi-objective automated guided vehicle scheduling based on MapReduce framework." Advances in Production Engineering & Management 16, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14743/apem2021.1.383.

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During material handling processes, automated guided vehicles (AGVs) pose a path conflict problem. To solve this problem, we proposed a multi-objective scheduling model based on total driving distance and waiting time, and used the A* path planning algorithm to search the shortest path of AGV. By using a speed control strategy, we were able to detect the overlap path and the conflict time. Additionally, we adopted an efficient MapReduce framework to improve the speed control strategy execution efficiency. At last, a material handling system of smart electrical connectors workshop was discussed to verify the scheduling model and the speed control strategy combined with the MapReduce framework is feasible and effective to reduce the AGV path conflict probability. The material handling system could be applied in workshop to replace manual handling and to improve production efficiency.

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Zhang, Dan, and Bin Wei. "Smart Sensors and Devices in Artificial Intelligence." Sensors 20, no. 20 (October 21, 2020): 5945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205945.

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Zhong, Meisu, Yongsheng Yang, Shu Sun, Yamin Zhou, Octavian Postolache, and Ying-En Ge. "Priority-based speed control strategy for automated guided vehicle path planning in automated container terminals." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 42, no. 16 (July 28, 2020): 3079–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331220940110.

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With the continuous increase in labour costs and the demands of the supply chain, improving the efficiency of automated container terminals has been a key factor in the development of ports. Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are the main means of horizontal transport in such terminals, and problems in relation to their use such as vehicle conflict, congestion and waiting times have become very serious, greatly reducing the operating efficiency of the terminals. In this article, we model the minimum driving distance of AGVs that transport containers between quay cranes (QCs) and yard cranes (YCs). AGVs are able to choose the optimal path from pre-planned paths by testing the overlap rate and the conflict time. To achieve conflict-free AGV path planning, a priority-based speed control strategy is used in conjunction with the Dijkstra depth-first search algorithm to solve the model. The simulation experiments show that this model can effectively reduce the probability of AGVs coming into conflict, reduce the time QCs and YCs have to wait for their next task and improve the operational efficiency of AGV horizontal transportation in automated container terminals.

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Wang, Jing, and Zhong Yu Xi. "Research on the Visual Self-Stabilization System of the Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (July 2014): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.452.

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In view of the unstable phenomenon of the visual system of the AGV in the automatic system, the paper adopts the MEMS gyroscope MPU6050 to collect the status of the visual holder. We can guarantee the stability of the holder, obtain clear pictures and improve the operating validity of the vision-based guided AGV by controlling the brushless motor through the Arduino single chip microcomputer program.

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Aloui, Khalil, Amir Guizani, Moncef Hammadi, Thierry Soriano, and Mohamed Haddar. "Integrated Design Methodology of Automated Guided Vehicles Based on Swarm Robotics." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (July 3, 2021): 6187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11136187.

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In recent years, collaborative robots have become one of the main drivers of Industry 4.0. Compared to industrial robots, automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are more productive, flexible, versatile, and safer. They are used in the smart factory to transport goods. Today, many producers and developers of industrial robots have entered the AGV sector. However, they face several challenges in designing AGV systems, such as the complexity and discontinuity of the design process, as well as the difficulty of defining a decentralized system decision. In this paper, we propose a new integrated design methodology based on swarm robotics to address the challenges of functional, physical, and software integration. This methodology includes two phases: a top-down phase from requirements specification to functional and structural modeling using the systems modeling language (SysML); with a bottom-up phase for model integration and implementation in the robot operating system (ROS). A case study of an automated guided vehicle (AGV) system was chosen to validate our design methodology and illustrate its contributions to the efficient design of AGVs. The novelty of this proposed methodology is the combination of SysML and ROS to address traceability management between the different design levels of AGV systems, in order to achieve functional, physical and software integration.

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Hasan, Hameedah sahib, Mohamad Shukri Zainal Abidin, and Mohd Saiful Azimi Mahmud. "UWB WITH AGV FOR LOCALIZATION SYSTEM." Science Proceedings Series 2, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/sps.v2i1.1261.

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Automated guided vehicle (AGV) has great significance in material flow and distribution of goods with high precision and efficiency. Besides, Ultra-wideband (UWB) is a technology used to transmit wireless signal in nanosecond. In this paper, localization system using AGV via UWB is designed. Futhermore, the experiment of localization with AGV is introduced and the result is disscused. In addition, control system for AGV is developed by using kinematic control system via Labview.

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Chiu, M.-C., L.-J. Yeh, G.-J. Lai, and B.-M. Huang. "Developing an auto-tracking automated guided vehicle carrier using a wave-varied detecting method." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 1349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1946.

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Robots are widely used in modern industrial manufacturing, in households, in the entertainment sector, and in the security sector. In recent times, because of the increasing lifetime for old people, the concept of lifestyles of health and sustainability is prevailing. To facilitate a heavily loaded hand-carrier when aged people are travelling or working outside, an intelligent automated guided vehicle (AGV) is necessary. In this article, an intelligent and interactive AGV is developed. In order to develop the auto-tracking carrier for an AGV within an unlimited working space, a dynamic distance measuring system using the speed variation between a radio wave and an ultrasonic wave propagating in the air is adopted. The microchip PIC 18F452 is used as the control core. To facilitate the targeted functions, interactivity in conjunction with high quality sensors plays an essential role. By using a wireless transmitter (radio ray) and an ultrasonic transmitter on the user's waist angled towards the sensors at the front of the AGV, the distance between the user and the AGV can be calculated. To avoid colliding with a barrier, an ultrasonic transmitter is installed on both sides of the AGV. Subsequently, a controller based on fuzzy thinking will actuate the motor's motion enabling it to follow and dodge barriers. Consequently, a prototype AGV has been manufactured and successfully tested in the laboratory.

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Bizubac, Dan, Bernd Otto Hörmann, and Marcel Sabin Popa. "Innovative Solutions of the Automated Guided Vehicles in Industrial Manufacturing." MATEC Web of Conferences 299 (2019): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929902010.

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The Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) is a mobile device that is used in the manufacturing plants lately for transporting materials from one space to another. AGVs are connected to a central navigation system which continuously directs the device to its source or destination. Their main features are their flexibility and adaptability to the environment once the AGVs are configured. The main focus of this article is to present the AGV technology based on vision navigation system reinforced by programming code and navigation graphs with the scope of adhering to the latest innovative concepts in terms of efficiency and optimized manufacturing. The topic of vision-based systems being recent to the engineeringevolution, several academicians have discussed probabilities for improvement: some introduce the concept of an independent robot which can learn through artificial intelligence about the dynamic environment or others state, that a neural network can be used in the future as the basis for movement of the AGV in the workspace.

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Anand, Rao, Nihal Vishnu Vantagodi, Kartik A. Shanbhag, and M. Mahesh. "Automated Guided Vehicles by Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor: Future of In-house Logistics." Power Electronics and Drives 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2019-0006.

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AbstractMaterial handling and logistics management that involve transportation of work pieces on production floor are important aspects to manufacturing that affect productivity and efficiency. Tow vehicles that are manually driven are currently used for this purpose. These processes can be better performed through automation. Automated guided vehicle (AGV) is an apt solution. AGVs are unmanned autonomous vehicles that can be programmed to perform versatile tasks. AGVs available in market are imported and hence have high capital cost and increased lead time for spare parts. Proposed AGV is built with a capital cost that is less than half of the existing AGVs. Its design is made indigenously, with most of its parts locally sourced. It can achieve a speed of 0.83 m/s, with a pulling capacity of 1,300 kg. Its rechargeable batteries sustain four hours of continuous operation for one complete discharge. It has been tested and found to effectively replace tow vehicles.

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Waldy, Ibnu, Angga Rusdinar, and Estananto Estananto. "Design and Implementation System Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV) Using RFID for Position Information." Journal of Measurements, Electronics, Communications, and Systems 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/jmecs.v1i1.1481.

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Manufactured goods distribution system is a very important part in the production chain. Delivery of goods from one point to another point affects the effectiveness of the production process. At the moment, most companies whose business are in manufacturing require automation, including distribution of goods. One application of automation in the distribution of goods is AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle). Companies need AGV that can move in complex pathways. The movement includes a selection of AGV path traversed and AGV terminal position. This research discusses the design and implementation of an AGV navigation and position information settings. AGV navigation uses fuzzy logic in its algorithm, while position setting of the AGV uses Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) to recognize the position of the robot at each terminal. From the testing result, the system obtained a success rate of 96% in movement of the robot from one terminal to another terminal using the RFID. RFID can be read at both speed of the robot i.e. 6.9 and 7.13 m/min

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Xu, Wen Bin, Rong Hua Cai, Xi Fan Yao, and Hao Wang. "Design of Double Lifting AGV Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 852–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.852.

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In this paper, we designed a double lifting AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) control system, and applied in automobile powertrain assembly line and axle assembly. Front and rear drive dynamics wear adopted in wheels drive mode, steering gears wear used in body rotating. Tapes were used in AGV navigation. Wi-fi was accessed to wireless for data transmission between AGVs and scheduling center. AGV and auto assembly line used PSD synchronous track detection device.

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Riandini, Riandini, Muhammad Angga Aji Bagus Pangestu, and Ghaisani Yasmin. "Pengisian Muatan Baterai Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) Otomatis Berbasis Arduino Mega 2560." Matrix : Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi dan Informatika 9, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/matrix.v9i2.1731.

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Ito, Masanori, and Feifei Zhang. "Intelligent Control for Container Terminal AGV." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 2, no. 3 (June 20, 1998): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.1998.p0072.

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The world's container cargo trading is increasing daily, and the role of the container terminal is becoming more important as the center of cargo transportation. In Japan, new container terminals being constructed face very severe competition with larger, cheaper terminals so they must handle cargo more efficiently and cheaply. To cope, handling systems such as container cranes, yard cranes, and conveyers are being automated to enable unattended operation unloading and loading schedule planning, etc., are being computerized. In these system, crane automation and control computerization are already generalized, but automatic control of container conveyers is not completed yet. The container conveyer -15m long, 4m wide, and 1.5m high - picks up containers from container ships with a container crane and hauls them to the shift yard for release to the yard crane. Both crane are operated automatically, so the conveyer must stop at the desired position within a permissible error of ±7.5cm, and run on a predetermined course and speed. Collision avoidance is required because many vehicles oparate on the same course. The automated guided vehicle (AGV) system, which is diesel-driven, 4WS and 4WD, was thought to be effective, but container weights very widely, as do road conditions which depend on weather, so conventional control is not sufficient to maintain the required accuracy. We applied learning control to maintain the desired course and for stopping at the desired position. Speed was controlled, conventionally. The system's applicability was confirmed with computer simulation and vehicle performance testing. This system will be used at the Kawasaki container terminal in 1999 and we are currently working on improving performance.

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Hou, Dong Liang, and Xiao Lin Feng. "A Kind of Design of Automatic Guided Vehicle Based on RGB Color Space." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 3844–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.3844.

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Automatic Guided vehicle (AGV) can free drivers from boring work. Previously AGV guided by black conduction band, as the color is single, it can only used for a kind of vehicle navigation.When there are several kind of vehicles need to be guided, the black conduction band becomes powerless. Color conduction bands can overcome this problem. Usually RGB image should be converted to other image space, and then identified the bands,but it costs lots of time. This paper proposes the design of AGV and intruduces the hardware, also proposes a quick recognition method which can be used in RGB color space. It effectively improved the recognition speed, and realized real-time identification.

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Varecha, Daniel, Robert Kohar, and Frantisek Brumercik. "AGV Brake System Simulation." LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 10, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2019-0001.

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Abstract The article is focused on braking simulation of automated guided vehicle (AGV). The brake system is used with a disc brake and with hydraulic control. In the first step, the formula necessary for braking force at the start of braking is derived. The stopping distance is 1.5 meters. Subsequently, a mathematical model of braking is created into which the formula of the necessary braking force is applied. The mathematical model represents a motion equation that is solved in the software Matlab by an approximation method. Next a simulation is created using Matlab software and the data of simulation are displayed in the graph. The transport speed of the vehicle is 1 〖m.s〗^(-1) and the weight of the vehicle is 6000 kg including load. The aim of this article is to determine the braking time of the device depending from the input data entered, which represent the initial conditions of the braking process.

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Lin, Jian Jun, Yang Sun, and Xiao Jun Zheng. "Optimal AGV Configuration by Simulation of Flow Shop Scheduling in an Assembly Plant." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 3132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.3132.

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We simulate flow shop scheduling and routing with automated guided vehicle (AGV for short) in an assembly plant, aim at obtaining the optimal AGV configuration. We first provide the requirement of assembly plant, and describe AGV configuration problem in real-world example. And then we build AGV simulation with Plant Simulation, and provide our problem-solving strategies. In the simulation process, we try to determine the number of AGV and maximize the utilization to reduce waiting time. We ran the simulation with different parameters, and get the cost time and utilization rate of AGVs. The vehicle utilization results of different number of AGVs verified our configuration.

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Nohara, Ben T., and Hiroko Takahashi. "Non-network Type Artificial Immune System and its Application to Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) System." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 4, no. 1 (January 20, 2000): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2000.p0111.

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This paper describes Artificial Immune-Based Control System that is applied to the automatic transportation control system of AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) operated in a restricted area such as a container terminal and an ironworks. The authors propose the non-network type artificial immune system that is functioning in a unit level of antibodies instead of in a network of antigens and antibodies. AGVs equipped by the proposed method can avoid the collision and/or the deadlock and move autonomously from the source points to the destinations. The transportation system using AGVs has been expected because AGVs have the flexibility and efficiency. However the control system for AGVs is so flexible that the design has a big margin. Especially, the design for the control system is a hard work when the number of AGV becomes to be large. Only a few study of this problem is found in a past references. This paper focuses on the automatic transportation plan of AGVs in a real time scheduling using the non-network type artificial immune system. The comparison of the proposed method: the non-network type artificial immune system and the network type artificial immune system are also discussed and the computer simulation verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Zhang, Qinglei, Weixin Hu, Jianguo Duan, and Jiyun Qin. "Cooperative Scheduling of AGV and ASC in Automation Container Terminal Relay Operation Mode." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (January 16, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5764012.

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The key problem of operation optimization for automated container terminal is the coordinated scheduling of automated quay crane (QC), automated guided vehicle (AGV), and automated stacking crane (ASC). In order to solve this problem, this paper proposed a new method to optimize the scheduling of ASC and AGV. In the automated container terminal, each container block is equipped with twin ASCs. At the same time, buffer zones are set at both ends of the container block to achieve the decoupling operation among ASC, AGV, and container truck. Considering the buffer capacity constraint and twin ASC operation interference, and introducing the design of handshake area, this paper developed a collaborative scheduling model of AGV and ASC in automatic terminal relay operation mode. This model is designed based on the genetic algorithm. The model aims to minimize the AGV waiting time and the ASC running time. The results indicated that the introduction of handshake area can effectively reduce the ASC operation interference by 10.56% on average. Also, it can be found that increasing buffer capacity can reduce the waiting time of AGV by about 4.25% on average, and the effect of relay operation is more obvious in large-scale operation. It was proved that buffer zone and handshake area can reduce task delay time and improve coordination between AGV and ASC.

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Her, Ming Guo, Wen Jinn Liang, Kuan Wei Wu, Chun Chi Peng, Kuei Shu Hsu, and Yen Chia Peng. "Development of a Vision Guided Mobile Robot and its Applications in Automated Production Lines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 311 (February 2013): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.311.226.

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This research developed a vision navigation autonomous mobile robot and combined it with industrial automated production line. Due to traditional TFT-LCD production lines, the load/unload depends on Manual Guided Vehicle (MGV) or Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV). However, it needed to construct many tracks so that the MGV or AGV can move. The track is high cost and is not easy to adjust. Hence, our research developed an autonomous mobile robot with vision navigation technology to determine the location of TFT-LCD panel and the obstruction in the moving process. Furthermore, we successfully developed an intelligent vision navigation autonomous mobile robot in this research. It not only improved the shortcoming of setting up a lot of tracks, but also avoided the obstructions automatically to enhance the safety.

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Fu, Zhuang, Xin Feng, Xiaoming Duan, and Zeyu Fu. "An improved integrated navigation method based on RINS, GNSS and kinematics for port heavy-duty AGV." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 8 (February 12, 2020): 2135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019900031.

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The current navigation methods for port heavy-duty automated guided vehicle mainly include the antenna radar-transponder navigation and the global navigation satellite system. However, the former has a huge cost and the latter will generate multi-path error easily. To avoid these problems, an improved integrated navigation method based on single-axis rotating inertial navigation system, global navigation satellite system and kinematics is proposed. First, the rotating inertial navigation system/ global navigation satellite system and rotating inertial navigation system/Kinematics integrated navigation methods generate corresponding estimates and filtering error covariances through their respective extended Kalman filter filters, and then the two sets of results are fused by the optimal weighted voting fusion method. The proposed method is applied to a heavy-duty automated guided vehicle for engineering verification. Without multi-path error, the navigation accuracy is 1.8–2.98 times higher than that of the traditional global navigation satellite system navigation. In the case of multi-path error, the improved method still has high fault tolerance and high navigation accuracy. The accuracy of this method satisfies the requirements of port heavy-duty automated guided vehicle, which can greatly reduce the number of transponders and has high practical value.

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Yin, Xiao Hong, Can Yang, and Han Zhao. "Sectionalized Motion Control for Automatic Guided Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 1127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.1127.

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In this work, an approach called sectionalized motion control (SMC) was proposed in order to achieve control with high precision and low energy consumption for the entire AGV tracking process. In this method, according to the characteristics of the AGV’s early, middle and terminal motion phases, the neural dynamics-based tracking, energy-efficient tracking, and model predictive technologies were adopted. Furthermore, a simulation using Matlab software was performed in order to verify the proposed approach. The simulation results showed that SMC is capable of providing smooth, energy-efficient, robust and globally stable control for the AGV system.

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Wang, Jun, Ting Zhi Chen, Chao Ying Liu, and Shu Guang Ye. "Design of Automatic Guided Vehicles Based on Computer Control." Advanced Materials Research 569 (September 2012): 776–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.569.776.

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The automated Guided Vehicles is the development trend of modern automated warehousing technology, which can realize the flexible transport, the use of flexible, high transport efficiency, energy saving, no pollution, significant savings in labor costs. The paper gave a brief introduction about the structure and function of the AGV, and a detailed description about the movement mathematical model and navigation calculation of the AGV. In the end the paper designed the control system of the AGV.

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Kim, Chang Wan, J. M. A. Tanchoco, and Pyung-Hoi Koo. "Deadlock Prevention in Manufacturing Systems With AGV Systems: Banker’s Algorithm Approach." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 119, no. 4B (November 1, 1997): 849–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2836834.

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An important issue in the operational control of an automated job shop is the prevention and resolution of shop deadlocks. In this paper, we discuss the problems and solutions of deadlocks in manufacturing systems with automated guided vehicle systems, describe a banker’s algorithm for the control of material flow in job shops, and present the results of simulation experiments to compare the performance of several deadlock handling methods.

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Hou, Dong Liang, and Xiao Lin Feng. "A New Quick Recognition Method Based on RGB Color Space." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 1581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.1581.

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Automatic Guided vehicle (AGV) can free drivers from boring work. Previously AGV guided by black conduction band, as the color is single, it can only used for a kind of vehicle navigation.When there are several kind of vehicles need to be guided, the black conduction band becomes powerless. Color conduction bands can overcome this problem. Usually RGB image should be converted to other image space, and then identifies the bands,but it costs lots of time. This paper proposes a quick recognition method which can be used in RGB color space. It effectively improved the recognition speed, and realized real-time identification.

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Azimi, Parham. "Alleviating the Collision States and Fleet Optimization by Introducing a New Generation of Automated Guided Vehicle Systems." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/210628.

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The aim of the current research is to propose a new generation of automated guided vehicle systems for alleviating the collision states in material handling systems where the automated guided vehicles movements are allowed to be both unidirectional and bidirectional. The objective function is to maximize the average annual profit in an FMS system using a simulation method. Despite several researches done in this field, this criterion has been studied rarely. The current study includes some new changes in AGV design for preventing some common problems such as congestions and deadlocks based on real profits/costs analysis in a flexible manufacturing system. For this reason, some experiments have been carried out to study the effects of several empty vehicle dispatching rules on average annual profit. The results show that the proposed framework is efficient and robust enough for industrial environments.

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Sun, Shunkai, Jianping Hu, Jie Li, Ruidong Liu, Meng Shu, and Yang Yang. "An INS-UWB Based Collision Avoidance System for AGV." Algorithms 12, no. 2 (February 18, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a12020040.

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As a highly automated carrying vehicle, an automated guided vehicle (AGV) has been widely applied in various industrial areas. The collision avoidance of AGV is always a problem in factories. Current solutions such as inertial and laser guiding have low flexibility and high environmental requirements. An INS (inertial navigation system)-UWB (ultra-wide band) based AGV collision avoidance system is introduced to improve the safety and flexibility of AGV in factories. An electronic map of the factory is established and the UWB anchor nodes are deployed in order to realize an accurate positioning. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) scheme that combines UWB with INS data is used to improve the localization accuracy. The current location of AGV and its motion state data are used to predict its next position, decrease the effect of control delay of AGV and avoid collisions among AGVs. Finally, experiments are given to show that the EKF scheme can get accurate position estimation and the collisions among AGVs can be detected and avoided in time.

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Fazlollahtabar, Hamed, and S. Hosna Shafieian. "An Optimal Path in an AGV-based Manufacturing System with Intelligent Agents." Journal for Manufacturing Science and Production 14, no. 2 (August 29, 2014): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmsp-2013-0026.

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AbstractThis paper concerns with the design of a computer integrated manufacturing system to identify an optimal path in a vehicle routing problem (VRP) network regarding to triple criteria. In most VRPs just one criterion, either time or cost was considered in decision making. But in this paper all time, cost, and AGV capability are noticed in decision making, simultaneously. Recently automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are being applied in material handling process that travels on a network of guide paths. To satisfy a material requirement planning (MRP) by providing the bill of material (BOM), AGVs are suitable devices. In this paper an AGV is employed to carry the parts based on the BOM, therefore the AGV is confronted with various paths in the shop network in a job shop layout. For controlling the time, cost, and AGV capability, intelligent agents are proposed. To decide about selection of the optimal path which is confined in time, cost, and AGV capability, mathematical programming approach is applied. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated using two illustrative examples.

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Yin, Xiao Hong, Han Zhao, and Can Yang. "Energy-Efficient Tracking Control for Automatic Guided Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 138-139 (November 2011): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.138-139.299.

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As one kind of mobile robots, the automatic guided vehicle (AGV) has been used in more and more applications. Meanwhile, some challenges in this field still exist, which limits the AGV’s further application. One of the greatest challenges is the energy conservation due to AGV’s limited energy-storage capability. Besides, the AGV tracking issue has not been well addressed yet though being studied for over two decades. This work presents an optimal velocity scheme for AGV energy-efficient tracking control, with consideration of both trajectory tracking and energy conservation involved in a nonlinear optimization problem. The proposed controller possesses the easiness for design and universality for kinematics modeling of other wheeled mobile robots. In addition, the controller’s stability and convergence were proved using Lyapunov theory. Finally, the computer simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV)'

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