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Journal articles on the topic 'Automated guided vehicle systems industry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Vancea, A. P., and I. Orha. "A survey in the design and control of automated guided vehicle systems." Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjece-2019-0016.

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Abstract Automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) play an important role in the small-scale industry as well as the largescale industry in handling materials inside factories from one place to another. In the last days, the materials to be handled are more numerous and as production and demand increase, it strongly influences the transport of materials in desperate need of a vehicle to distribute, position the materials within the industry. AGVs are generally installed with wires at ground level and signals are transmitted through them to be controlled. Due to the emergence of the AGV, the workload of the human being gradually decreased and the production efficiency increased. Thus, the need for an AGV has become more technologically important in the advanced robotic world. Normally, these systems are integrated into a global production system, where is a need to make direct changes in the design and planning of the floor store to get most of them. But in the rapidly changing production system and the adaptable floor store, the implementation of AGV has become very important and difficult, because it depends on many systems, such as wires, frequency, total production, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an independent AGV, which can operate on its own and make decisions based on changes in the environment.

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Gmiterko, Alexander. "LINE RECOGNITION SENSORS." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, no. 4 (14) (2018): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2018-4(14)-194-200.

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Urgency of the research. There is a need from industrial practice for developing of methods for linefollowing navigation of automated guided vehicle (AGV) for logistic task in factories without operators. Target setting. Various types of navigation methods are used for vehicles. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Navigation of this automated guided vehicle can be made through the color line on ground or through the inductive sensed cable located underground. Also magnetically guided method is used. Various types of optical markers can be also used. Nowadays this type of autonomous robot applications grows up, because there is a need from industry. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Next generation of automated guided vehicle is navigated via using laser scanners and they are also called LGV – Laser Guided Vehicle. This type is not covered in this paper. The research objective. The main aim of paper is to design the sensing system for color line sensing. There are several problems in using of these types of sensors. Manufacturer notes that there is placed daylight filter, but first experiments shows sensitivity to daylight. This problem can occurs when vehicle goes to tunnel. Next problem is when vehicle moves uphill and downhill on a bridge. The statement of basic materials. The color of sensor can be sensed with sensor - reflection optocoupler working in infrared light range. The optocoupler includes the infrared LED transmitter and infrared phototransistor, which senses the reflected light. Optocouplers are placed on bottom side of vehicle. Navigation line is black and other ground area is white. Optocoupler located over the navigation black line has no infrared reflection. Conclusions. The selected sensor system has been adapted for line detection application. Also ramp problems have been solved. Sensors have been successfully installed on linefollower vehicle. Results shows visible difference between the voltage levels related to black and white color line. Future plans is to add camera vision system for automatic recognition of line before vehicle and continuously path planning. Vision systems are also frequently used for obstacle detection and mapping of environment and consequently for path planning.

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Aloui, Khalil, Amir Guizani, Moncef Hammadi, Thierry Soriano, and Mohamed Haddar. "Integrated Design Methodology of Automated Guided Vehicles Based on Swarm Robotics." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (July 3, 2021): 6187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11136187.

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In recent years, collaborative robots have become one of the main drivers of Industry 4.0. Compared to industrial robots, automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are more productive, flexible, versatile, and safer. They are used in the smart factory to transport goods. Today, many producers and developers of industrial robots have entered the AGV sector. However, they face several challenges in designing AGV systems, such as the complexity and discontinuity of the design process, as well as the difficulty of defining a decentralized system decision. In this paper, we propose a new integrated design methodology based on swarm robotics to address the challenges of functional, physical, and software integration. This methodology includes two phases: a top-down phase from requirements specification to functional and structural modeling using the systems modeling language (SysML); with a bottom-up phase for model integration and implementation in the robot operating system (ROS). A case study of an automated guided vehicle (AGV) system was chosen to validate our design methodology and illustrate its contributions to the efficient design of AGVs. The novelty of this proposed methodology is the combination of SysML and ROS to address traceability management between the different design levels of AGV systems, in order to achieve functional, physical and software integration.

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Chen, Pei-Jarn, Szu-Yueh Yang, Yen-Pei Chen, Muslikhin Muslikhin, and Ming-Shyan Wang. "Slip Estimation and Compensation Control of Omnidirectional Wheeled Automated Guided Vehicle." Electronics 10, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070840.

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To achieve Industry 4.0 solutions for the networking of mechatronic components in production plants, the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology is the optimal way for goods transportation in the cyber-physical system (CPS). As a result, automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are networked to all other participants in the production system to accept and execute transport jobs. Accurately tracking the planned paths of AGVs is therefore essential. The omnidirectional mobile vehicle has shown its excellent characteristics in crowded environments and narrow aisle spaces. However, the slip problem of the omnidirectional mobile vehicle is more serious than that of the general wheeled mobile vehicle. This paper proposes a slip estimation and compensation control method for an omnidirectional Mecanum-wheeled automated guided vehicle (OMWAGV) and implements a control system. Based on the slip estimation and compensation control of the general wheeled mobile platform, a Microchip dsPIC30F6010A microcontroller-based system uses an MPU-9250 multi-axis accelerometer sensor to derive the longitudinal speed, transverse speed, and steering angle of the omnidirectional wheel platform. These data are then compared with those from the motor encoders. A linear regression with a recursive least squares (RLS) method is utilized to estimate real-time slip ratio variations of four driving wheels and conduct the corresponding compensation and control. As a result, the driving speeds of the four omnidirectional wheels are dynamically adjusted so that the OMWAGV can accurately follow the predetermined motion trajectory. The experimental results of diagonally moving and cross-walking motions without and with slip estimation and compensation control showed that, without calculating the errors occurred during travel, the distances between the original starting position to the stopping position are dramatically reduced from 1.52 m to 0.03 m and from 1.56 m to 0.03 m, respectively. The higher tracking accuracy of the proposed method verifies its effectiveness and validness.

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Sierra-García, J. Enrique, and Matilde Santos. "Mechatronic Modelling of Industrial AGVs: A Complex System Architecture." Complexity 2020 (December 29, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6687816.

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Automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) are unmanned transport vehicles widely used in the industry to substitute manned industrial trucks and conveyors. They are now considered to play a key role in the development of the Industry 4.0 due to their temporal and spatial flexibility. However, in order to deal with the AGV as a potential mobile robot with high capacities and certain level of intelligence, it is necessary to develop control-oriented models of these complex and nonlinear systems. In this paper, the modelling of this vehicle as a whole is addressed. It can be considered composed of several interrelated subsystems: control, safety, driving, guiding and localization, power storage, and charging systems. The kinematics equations of a tricycle vehicle are obtained, and a controller is proposed. An extended hybrid automata formalism is used to define the behaviour of the safety and the control systems, as well as their interaction. In addition, the electrical equivalent circuit of the batteries, charger, and the motors is studied. The architecture of the holistic model is presented. Simulation results of the AGV in a workspace scenario validate the model and prove the efficiency of this approach.

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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Mitchell Weiss, CTO, Seegrid Corporation." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 44, no. 2 (March 20, 2017): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-01-2017-0012.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry engineer-turned-entrepreneur regarding the evolution, commercialization and challenges of bringing a technological invention to market. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is Mitchell Weiss, Chief Technology Officer (CTO) for Seegrid Corporation, a manufacturer of stereo vision-guided robots and vehicle control systems. As an accomplished executive of automation and robotics companies, Weiss shares his experiences and industry knowledge, including his first full-time job out of college at Unimation, the world’s first robot company. Findings Weiss received a Bachelor of Science from MIT and a Graduate Certificate in Intellectual Property (IP) from Northeastern University, has taught at Penn State and the University of Pennsylvania and has lectured at MIT. He has served as the Chief Operating Officer at Seegrid Corp.; CTO at Brooks Automation; CTO and Vice President of PRI Automation; President of ProgramMation, Inc.; and Chief Engineer and Co-Founder at United States Robots, Inc. Originality/value Weiss holds 24 patents, is an expert witness in IP litigation, is Vice Chair of ASTM F45 Driverless Automatic Guided Industrial Vehicles and is a member of ANSI/ITSDF B56.5 Safety Standard for Driverless, Automatic Guided Industrial Vehicles and Automated Functions of Manned Industrial Vehicles. He is also one of the co-authors of the 1986 McGraw-Hill book Industrial Robotics: Technology, Programming, and Applications. Weiss has led his high-technology robotic and automation companies to be successful in the installation of worldwide automation systems in semiconductor manufacturing, electronics manufacturing, automotive and warehousing and distribution. His technical achievements in product design, development and production combined with his business expertise in fund-raising, initial public offering and mergers & acquisitions provide companies with a unique, forward-thinking technology roadmap.

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Inoue, Shinichi, Akihisa Urata, Takumi Kodama, Tobias Huwer, Yuya Maruyama, Sho Fujita, Hidenori Shinno, and Hayato Yoshioka. "High-Precision Mobile Robotic Manipulator for Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems." International Journal of Automation Technology 15, no. 5 (September 5, 2021): 651–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2021.p0651.

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The manufacturing industry has identified a new megatrend of mass customization, which is one of the essential goals of Industry 4.0. This megatrend requires the realization of manufacturing that can respond quickly and flexibly to various changing production requirements and ensure the achievement of various quality criteria. However, the manufacturing cannot be realized by conventional manufacturing systems in which reconfigurations need to be performed by skilled engineers. This paper proposes a new reconfigurable manufacturing system concept based on an ultra-flexible transfer system. Particularly, an autonomous mobile robotic manipulator, consisting of a high-performance automated guided vehicle module and a collaborative robotic manipulator module, represents a key component of the system concept. In this context, the focus is on the cooperative control between the modules of the autonomous mobile manipulator, which is essential for high-precision processes (e.g., machining, assembly, measurement, inspection), and its wide operating area. The experimental results confirm that the proposed cooperative control improves the positioning performance of the autonomous mobile manipulator, including the time required for positioning and the positioning accuracy.

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Nguyen Duc, Duy, Thong Tran Huu, and Narameth Nananukul. "A Dynamic Route-Planning System Based on Industry 4.0 Technology." Algorithms 13, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13120308.

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Due to the availability of Industry 4.0 technology, the application of big data analytics to automated systems is possible. The distribution of products between warehouses or within a warehouse is an area that can benefit from automation based on Industry 4.0 technology. In this paper, the focus was on developing a dynamic route-planning system for automated guided vehicles within a warehouse. A dynamic routing problem with real-time obstacles was considered in this research. A key problem in this research area is the lack of a real-time route-planning algorithm that is suitable for the implementation on automated guided vehicles with limited computing resources. An optimization model, as well as machine learning methodologies for determining an operational route for the problem, is proposed. An internal layout of the warehouse of a large consumer product distributor was used to test the performance of the methodologies. A simulation environment based on Gazebo was developed and used for testing the implementation of the route-planning system. Computational results show that the proposed machine learning methodologies were able to generate routes with testing accuracy of up to 98% for a practical internal layout of a warehouse with 18 storage racks and 67 path segments. Managerial insights into how the machine learning configuration affects the prediction accuracy are also provided.

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Farooq, Basit, Jinsong Bao, and Qingwen Ma. "Flow-Shop Predictive Modeling for Multi-Automated Guided Vehicles Scheduling in Smart Spinning Cyber–Physical Production Systems." Electronics 9, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050799.

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Pointed at a problem that leads to the high complexity of the production management tasks in the multi-stage spinning industry, mixed flow batch production is often the case in response to a customer’s personalized demands. Manual handling cans have a large number of tasks, and there is a long turnover period in their semi-finished products. A novel heuristic research was conducted that considered mixed-flow shop scheduling problems with automated guided vehicle (AGV) distribution and path planning to prevent conflict and deadlock by optimizing distribution efficiency and improving the automation degree of can distribution in a draw-out workshop. In this paper, a cross-region shared resource pool and an inter-regional independent resource pool, two AGV predictive scheduling strategies are established for the ring-spinning combing process. Besides completion time, AGV utilization rate and unit AGV time also analyzed with the bottleneck process of the production line. The results of the optimal computational experiment prove that a draw frame equipped with multi-AGV and coordinated scheduling optimization will significantly improve the efficiency of can distribution. Flow-shop predictive modeling for multi-AGV resources is scarce in the literature, even though this modeling also produces, for each AGV, a control mode and, if essential, a preventive maintenance plan.

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Foit, Krzysztof, Grzegorz Gołda, and Adrian Kampa. "Integration and Evaluation of Intra-Logistics Processes in Flexible Production Systems Based on OEE Metrics, with the Use of Computer Modelling and Simulation of AGVs." Processes 8, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8121648.

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The article presents the problems connected with the performance evaluation of a flexible production system in the context of designing and integrating production and logistics subsystems. The goal of the performed analysis was to determine the parameters that have the most significant influence on the productivity of the whole system. The possibilities of using automated machine tools, automatic transport vehicles, as well as automated storage systems were pointed out. Moreover, the exemplary models are described, and the framework of simulation research related to the conceptual design of new production systems are indicated. In order to evaluate the system’s productivity, the use of Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE) metrics was proposed, which is typically used for stationary resources such as machines. This paper aims to prove the hypothesis that the OEE metric can also be used for transport facilities such as Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs). The developed models include the parameters regarding availability and failure of AGVs as well as production efficiency and quality, which allows the more accurate mapping of manufacturing processes. As the result, the Overall Factory Efficiency (OFE) and Overall Transport Efficiency (OTE) metrics were obtained. The obtained outcomes can be directly related to similar production systems that belong to World Class Manufacturing (WCM) or World Class Logistics (WCL), leading to the in-depth planning of such systems and their further improvement in the context of the Industry 4.0.

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Nunes, Victor Abreu, and Gustavo Franco Barbosa. "Simulation-based analysis of AGV workload used on aircraft manufacturing system: a theoretical approach." Acta Scientiarum. Technology 42 (February 28, 2020): e47034. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v42i1.47034.

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competitiveness in the aircraft manufacturing industry requires continuous improvement and modernization of its manufacturing processes, in order to keep the companies competitive in the market. In this context, the use of advanced manufacturing technologies and systems has been incessantly pursued to achieve productivity gains, sustainability and reduction of production costs, as well as being important in the individuals’ quality of life. Autonomous robotic systems such as Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) have been used on shop floor to assist the aggregation of these competitive advantages to the business. Coupled to the use of these vehicles, other technologies such as the internet, digital factory and cloud-computing have been integrated into manufacturing in direction of the so-called advanced manufacturing, or Industry 4.0. Thus, this work aims to apply the concepts of digital factory in an example of aircraft manufacturing system, to analyze the efficiency and workload of the AGVs that transport materials from the warehouse to the assembly stations. Based on a theoretical approach by discrete-event simulation method and guided by the principles of Industry 4.0, analysis related to needed amount of AGVs, cycle times, deliveries and downtime of the vehicles were performed for different situations. Thus, it searches for better results in terms of productivity and decision-making support regarding adding-value related to materials transporting and information over long distances, delays, waiting and unnecessary movement of workers, in order to obtain improvement and profits for the aircraft manufacturing system.

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Gorgoi, Mircea. "Methods & Algorithms in Manufacturing and Assembly Industry Scheduling for Flexible Manufacturing System." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 1098–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.1098.

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Flexible Manufacturing Systems-FMS is a term with various types of definitions, each of them trying to describe the complexity and the generalized features. One of these features is their complexity, along with difficulties in building models that capture the system in all its important aspects. In a heterogeneous flexible system, the scheduling events or actions could be a combinatorial problem which claims a particular solution. Manufacturing scheduling process, in special for FMS, is a very difficult scheduling problem, because involves all the aspects of the processes: order, resources, transportation system i.e. automated vehicle guided, perturbation factors such as breakdowns of machine, etc. Typically, the scheduling problem is a NP-hard problem modeled in mathematical form. If we simulate n jobs or orders which have to be assigned to the m machines or resources, we will observe that the mathematical solution is a huge number that means (n!)m possibilities of solutions. The challenge of researchers is to solve this equation in a reasonable time with an optimal solution, and of course with minimal resources. Those scientists applied many solutions which became Operational Research-OR or Combinatorial Optimization-CO areas using a various methods: Local Search-LS, Artificial Intelligence-AI, heuristic method, priority rules, memetic or hybrid techniques which combine this techniques.

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Rastegarpanah, Alireza, Mohamed Ahmeid, Naresh Marturi, Pierrot S. Attidekou, Muhammad Musbahu, Rohit Ner, Simon Lambert, and Rustam Stolkin. "Towards robotizing the processes of testing lithium-ion batteries." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 235, no. 8 (March 5, 2021): 1309–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651821998599.

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To boost the circular economy of the electric vehicle battery industry, an accurate assessment of the state of health of retired batteries is essential to assign them an appropriate value in the post automotive market and material degradation before recycling. In practice, the advanced battery testing techniques are usually limited to laboratory benches at the battery cell level and hardly used in the industrial environment at the battery module or pack level. This necessitates developing battery recycling facilities that can handle the assessment and testing undertakings for many batteries with different form factors. Towards this goal, for the first time, this article proposes proof of concept to automate the process of collecting the impedance data from a retired 24kWh Nissan LEAF battery module. The procedure entails the development of robot end-of-arm tooling that was connected to a Potentiostat. In this study, the robot was guided towards a fixed battery module using visual servoing technique, and then impedance control system was applied to create compliance between the end-of-arm tooling and the battery terminals. Moreover, an alarm system was designed and mounted on the robot’s wrist to check the connectivity between a Potentiostat and the battery terminals. Subsequently, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test was run over a wide range of frequencies at a 5% state of charge. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data obtained from the automated test is validated by means of the three criteria (linearity, causality and stability) and compared with manually collected measurements under the same conditions. Results suggested the proposed automated configuration can accurately accomplish the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test at the battery module level with no human intervention, which ensures safety and allows this advanced testing technique to be adopted in grading retired battery modules.

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Kaliukhovich, Dzmitry, Vladimir Golovko, and Andreas Paczynski. "Control Algorithms for the Mobile Robot “MAX” on a Task of Line Following Provided by Intelligent Image Processing." Solid State Phenomena 147-149 (January 2009): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.147-149.35.

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In the paper, we present the mobile robot “MAX” developed at the Systems Engineering Laboratory, Hochschule Ravensburg-Weingarten, which serves as a mock-up of an automated guided vehicle intended for transportation of materials, and connection between different parts of a production line in industry. The subject of the paper is autonomous robot motion along a specified track formed with a one-colored insulation tape marked on the surface, on which the robot moves. The paper focuses on track detection provided by real-time processing of the video stream from an installed on the front of the robot web-camera that is the key feature of this work. In the paper, brief overview on the construction of the mobile robot “MAX” is introduced, the task of line following and motion criteria are formulated, some approaches to track detection and its presentation with mean points are proposed. Three motion control algorithms which are ensued are also presented and verified with experiments on the mobile robot “MAX” to show their real appropriateness.

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Tsai, Wen-Hsien, and Yin-Hwa Lu. "A Framework of Production Planning and Control with Carbon Tax under Industry 4.0." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2018): 3221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093221.

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In recent years, the international community has placed great emphasis on environmental protection issues. The United Nations has also successively enacted relevant laws and regulations to restrain international greenhouse gas emissions and some countries implemented carbon tax levies to reduce air pollution. The tire industry is a manufacturing industry with high pollution and high carbon emissions; therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose a framework of production planning and control with carbon tax under Industry 4.0 and use the tire industry as the illustrative example. In this framework, the mathematical programming model, with Activity-Based Costing (ABC) and Theory of Constraints (TOC) for production planning, is used to achieve the optimal solution under various production and sale constraints in order to find the optimal product-mix maximizing the profit. On the other hand, Industry 4.0 utilizes new technologies such as 3D printing, robot and automated guided vehicle (AGV) and links all the components in the manufacturing systems by using various sensor systems, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT) to collect and monitor the activity data of all the components in real-time, to give intelligent responses to various problems that may arise in the factory by the real-time analysis results of cloud computing and big data and to attain the various benefits of Industry 4.0 implementation. The parameters of the mathematical programming model will be updated periodically from the new big data set. In this paper, an illustrative example is used is used to demonstrate the application of the model. From the optimal solution and sensitivity analyses on increasing the raw material’s prices and carbon taxes will affect the profits. This framework can provide a general approach to help companies execute production management in the way of more efficiency, less cost, lower carbon emission and higher quality across the value chain for the tire industry and other industries.

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Jiang, Junxia, Shenglin Zhang, and Yuxiao He. "Wheel design and motion analysis of a new heavy-duty AGV in aircraft assembly lines." Assembly Automation 40, no. 3 (December 16, 2019): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-01-2019-0009.

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Purpose The flexible automatic transportation and manual assembly jobs for large aircraft components demand an automated guided vehicle (AGV) system with heavy-duty capacity and omnidirectional movability. This paper aims to propose a four driving-steering wheels-four supporting-steering wheels (4DSW-4SSW) layout plan to enhance the controllability and moving stability of AGV. Design/methodology/approach The anti-vibration structure of DS wheels and high-torque steering mechanism of SS wheels with tapered rolling bearings are rigorously designed to meet the functional requirements. Based on the specific wheel layout and vehicle dynamics, the rotational kinematic model as well as the straight and rotational dynamic models of AGV are established by the authors. To well verify the motion characteristics of wheels under heavy load in three motion states including straight motion, self-rotation and rotation around a certain point, the simulations in ADAMS and factory experiments have all been conducted. Findings Simulation results indicate that normal and friction forces of DS wheels and SS wheels are very stable except for some small oscillations, which are caused by non-center load distribution on AGV. Experimental results on driving speed of AGV have directly demonstrated that its positioning accuracy is enough for use in real aircraft assembly lines. Practical implications The designed AGV system has been applied to the final assembly line of a certain aircraft in Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Ltd, whose assembly efficiency and flexibility have been significantly improved. Originality/value A new layout plan of wheels for an omnidirectional heavy-duty AGV is proposed, which enhances the operating and moving capacity of AGV. A function of human-machine collaboration is also offered by the AGV for transporting large workpieces intelligently and economically in aerospace and other heavy industries.

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Rahman, Humyun Fuad, Mukund Nilakantan Janardhanan, and Peter Nielsen. "An integrated approach for line balancing and AGV scheduling towards smart assembly systems." Assembly Automation 40, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-03-2019-0057.

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Purpose Optimizing material handling within the factory is one of the key problems of modern assembly line systems. The purpose of this paper is to focus on simultaneously balancing a robotic assembly line and the scheduling of material handling required for the operation of such a system, a topic that has received limited attention in academia. Manufacturing industries focus on full autonomy because of the rapid advancements in different elements of Industry 4.0 such as the internet of things, big data and cloud computing. In smart assembly systems, this autonomy aims at the integration of automated material handling equipment such as automated guided vehicles (AGVs) to robotic assembly line systems to ensure a reliable and flexible production system. Design/methodology/approach This paper tackles the problem of designing a balanced robotic assembly line and the scheduling of AGVs to feed materials to these lines such that the cycle time and total tardiness of the assembly system are minimized. Because of the combination of two well-known complex problems such as line balancing and material handling and a heuristic- and metaheuristic-based integrated decision approach is proposed. Findings A detailed computational study demonstrates how an integrated decision approach can serve as an efficient managerial tool in designing/redesigning assembly line systems and support automated transportation infrastructure. Originality/value This study is beneficial for production managers in understanding the main decisional steps involved in the designing/redesigning of smart assembly systems and providing guidelines in decision-making. Moreover, this study explores the material distribution scheduling problems in assembly systems, which is not yet comprehensively explored in the literature.

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Cho, Yon Sang, Sung Jae Jun, and Heung Sik Park. "AGV System with Dual Motor Drive by Distributed Control." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 2297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.2297.

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With the recent progress in flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) in industry, increasing attention has been given to Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV) systems. An AGV is a self-powered unit for transporting materials between stations without needing to be controlled by an operator. Such a system has several sensors to recognize the external state, and it is designed to travel between stations without external assistance. To manage each device quickly and independently it requires a distributed controller with a main computer as the host, as well as a number of micro-controllers. In this study, an AGV system with dual motor drive was constructed. A Pentium 4 personal computer was set up as the main host for the distributed control, and this communicated with other micro-controllers in the management of the motor. The speed of each motor was also controlled by a micro-controller.

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Shen, Kefei, Chen Li, Difei Xu, Weihong Wu, and He Wan. "Sensor-network-based navigation of delivery robot for baggage handling in international airport." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 17, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 172988142094473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881420944734.

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Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) have been regarded as a promising means for the future delivery industry by many logistic companies. Several AGV-based delivery systems have been proposed, but they generally have drawbacks in delivering and locating baggage by magnet line, such as the high maintenance cost, and it is hard to change the trajectory of AGV. This article considers using multi-AGVs as delivery robots to coordinate and sort baggage in the large international airport. This system has the merit of enlarging the accuracy of baggage sorting and delivering. Due to the inaccurate transportation efficiency, a time-dependent stochastic baggage delivery system is proposed and a stochastic model is constructed to characterize the running priority and optimal path planning for multi-AGVs according to the flight information. In the proposed system, ultra-wideband technology is applied to realize precisely positioning and navigation for multi-AGVs in the baggage distribution center. Furthermore, the optimal path planning algorithm based on time-window rules and rapidly exploring random tree algorithm is considered to avoid collision and maneuverability constraints and to determine whether the running path for each AGV is feasible and optimal. Computer simulations are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.

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Kasilingam, R. G., and S. L. Gobal. "Vehicle requirements model for automated guided vehicle systems." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 12, no. 4 (July 1996): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01239614.

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Zhou, Liling, Yingzi Wang, Yunfei Liu, Haifeng Zhang, Shuaikang Zheng, Xudong Zou, and Zhitian Li. "A Tightly-Coupled Positioning System of Online Calibrated RGB-D Camera and Wheel Odometry Based on SE(2) Plane Constraints." Electronics 10, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080970.

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The emergence of Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) has greatly increased the efficiency of the transportation industry, which put forward the urgent requirement for the accuracy and ease of use of 2D planar motion robot positioning. Multi-sensor fusion positioning has gradually become an important technical route to improve overall efficiency when dealing with AGV positioning. As a sensor directly acquiring depth, the RGB-D camera has received extensive attention in indoor positioning in recent years, while wheel odometry is the sensor that comes with most two-dimensional planar motion robots, and its parameters will not change over time. Both the RGB-D camera and the wheel odometry are commonly used sensors for indoor robot positioning, but the existing research on the fusion of RGB-D and wheel odometry is limited based on classic filtering algorithms; few fusion solutions based on optimization algorithm of them are available at present. To ensure the practicability and greatly improve the accuracy of RGB-D and odometry fusion positioning scheme, this paper proposed a tightly-coupled positioning scheme of online calibrated RGB-D camera and wheel odometry based on SE(2) plane constraints. Experiments have proved that the angle accuracy of the extrinsic parameter in the calibration part is less than 0.5 degrees, and the displacement of the extrinsic parameter reaches the millimeter level. The field-test positioning accuracy of the positioning system we proposed having reached centimeter-level on the dataset without pre-calibration, which is better than ORB-SLAM2 relying solely on RGB-D cameras. The experimental results verify the excellent performance of the frame in positioning accuracy and ease of use and prove that it can be a potential promising technical solution in the field of two-dimensional AGV positioning.

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D'Souza, Floyd, João Costa, and J. Norberto Pires. "Development of a solution for adding a collaborative robot to an industrial AGV." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 47, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 723–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-01-2020-0004.

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Purpose The Industry 4.0 initiative – with its ultimate objective of revolutionizing the supply-chain – putted more emphasis on smart and autonomous systems, creating new opportunities to add flexibility and agility to automatic manufacturing systems. These systems are designed to free people from monotonous and repetitive tasks, enabling them to concentrate in knowledge-based jobs. One of these repetitive functions is the order-picking task which consists of collecting parts from storage (warehouse) and distributing them among the ordering stations. An order-picking system can also pick finished parts from working stations to take them to the warehouse. The purpose of this paper is to present a simplified model of a robotic order-picking system, i.e. a mobile manipulator composed by an automated guided vehicle (AGV), a collaborative robot (cobot) and a robotic hand. Design/methodology/approach Details about its implementation are also presented. The AGV is needed to safely navigate inside the factory infrastructure, namely, between the warehouse and the working stations located in the shop-floor or elsewhere. For that purpose, an ActiveONE AGV, from Active Space Automation, was selected. The collaborative robot manipulator is used to move parts from/into the mobile platform (feeding the working stations and removing parts for the warehouse). A cobot from Kassow Robots was selected (model KR 810), kindly supplied by partner companies Roboplan (Portugal) and Kassow Robotics (Denmark). An Arduino MKR1000 board was also used to interconnect the user interface, the AGV and the collaborative robot. The graphical user interface was developed in C# using the Microsoft Visual Studio 2019 IDE, taking advantage of this experience in this type of language and programming environment. Findings The resulting prototype was fully demonstrated in the partner company warehouse (Active Space Automation) and constitutes a possible order-picking solution, which is ready to be integrated into advanced solutions for the factories of the future. Originality/value A solution to fully automate the order-picking task at an industrial shop-floor was presented and fully demonstrated. The objective was to design a system that could be easy to use, to adapt to different applications and that could be a basic infrastructure for advanced order-picking systems. The system proved to work very well, executing all the features required for an order-picking system working in an Industry 4.0 scenario where humans and machines must act as co-workers. Although all the system design objectives were accomplished, there are still opportunities to improve and add features to the presented solution. In terms of improvements, a different robotic hand will be used in the final setup, depending on the type of objects that are being required to move. The amount of equipment that is located on-board of the AGV can be significantly reduced, freeing space and lowering the weight that the AGV carries. For example, the controlling computer can be substituted by a single-board-computer without any advantage. Also, the cobot should be equipped with a wrist camera to identify objects and landmark. This would allow the cobot to fully identify the position and orientation of the objects to pick and drop. The wrist camera should also use bin-picking software to fully identify the shape of the objects to pick and also their relative position (if they are randomly located in a box, for example). These features are easy to add to the developed mobile manipulator, as there are a few vision systems in the market (some that integrate with the selected cobot) that can be easily integrated in the solution. Finally, this paper reports a development effort that neglected, for practical reasons, all issues related with certification, safety, training, etc. A future follow-up paper, reporting a practical use-case implementation, will properly address those practical and operational issues.

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Interrante, Leslie D., and Daniel M. Rochowiak. "Active rescheduling for automated guided vehicle systems." Intelligent Systems Engineering 3, no. 2 (1994): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ise.1994.0012.

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LIM, Jae Kook, Kap Hwan KIM, Ki Young KIM, Teruo TAKAHASHI, and Kazuho YOSHIMOTO. "Dynamic Routing in Automated Guided Vehicle Systems." JSME International Journal Series C 45, no. 1 (2002): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmec.45.323.

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Hsieh, Ling‐Feng, and D. Y. Sha. "A design process for tandem automated guided vehicle systems: the concurrent design of machine layout and guided vehicle routes in tandem automated guided vehicle systems." Integrated Manufacturing Systems 7, no. 6 (December 1996): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069610151167.

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Jakubiec, Beata. "Power supply systems of Automated Guided Vehicle l." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.118.

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The development of technologies in the field of energy storage and loader solutions has influenced the creation of many ways to power the automatic trucks. The article discusses the technologies of power systems used in Automated Guided Vehicle.

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SEZEN, Bülent. "Modeling Automated Guided Vehicle Systems in Material Handling." Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi 2, no. 4 (April 27, 2003): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31671/dogus.2019.319.

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SEO, Y., and P. J. EGBELU. "Flexible guidepath design for automated guided vehicle systems." International Journal of Production Research 33, no. 4 (April 1995): 1135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207549508930197.

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GASKINS, R. J., and J. M. A. TANCHOCO. "Flow path design for automated guided vehicle systems." International Journal of Production Research 25, no. 5 (May 1987): 667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207548708919869.

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Goetschalckx, Marc, and Kathleen Henning. "Computer aided engineering of automated guided vehicle systems." Computers & Industrial Engineering 13, no. 1-4 (January 1987): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(87)90070-2.

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Lee, Jim, Richard Hoo-Gon Choi, and Majid Khaksar. "Evaluation of automated guided vehicle systems by simulation." Computers & Industrial Engineering 19, no. 1-4 (January 1990): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(90)90130-e.

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Salehipour, Amir, Hamed Kazemipoor, and Leila Moslemi Naeini. "Locating workstations in tandem automated guided vehicle systems." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 52, no. 1-4 (May 22, 2010): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-010-2727-y.

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De Ryck, M., M. Versteyhe, and K. Shariatmadar. "Resource management in decentralized industrial Automated Guided Vehicle systems." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 54 (January 2020): 204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2019.11.003.

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Hark Hwang and Sang Hwi Kim. "Development of dispatching rules for automated guided vehicle systems." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 17, no. 2 (January 1998): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-6125(98)80026-5.

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Ross, Edward A., Farzad Mahmoodi, and Charles T. Mosier. "Tandem Configuration Automated Guided Vehicle Systems: A Comparative Study." Decision Sciences 27, no. 1 (March 1996): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1996.tb00844.x.

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Schulze, Lothar, and Lindu Zhao. "Worldwide development and application of automated guided vehicle systems." International Journal of Services Operations and Informatics 2, no. 2 (2007): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsoi.2007.014518.

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Wu, N., and M. Zhou. "Modeling and Deadlock Control of Automated Guided Vehicle Systems." IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 9, no. 1 (March 2004): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2004.823875.

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Hsieh, Suhua, and Ying-Jer Shih. "Automated guided vehicle systems and their Petri-net properties." Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 3, no. 6 (December 1992): 379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01473533.

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Okumuş, Fatih, Emrah Dönmez, and Adnan Fatih Kocamaz. "A Cloudware Architecture for Collaboration of Multiple AGVs in Indoor Logistics: Case Study in Fabric Manufacturing Enterprises." Electronics 9, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122023.

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In Industry 4.0 compatible workshops, the demand for Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) used in indoor logistics systems has increased remarkably. In these indoor logistics systems, it may be necessary to execute multiple transport tasks simultaneously using multiple AGVs. However, some challenges require special solutions for AGVs to be used in industrial autonomous transportation. These challenges can be addressed under four main headings: positioning, optimum path planning, collision avoidance and optimum task allocation. The solutions produced for these challenges may require special studies that vary depending on the type of tasks and the working environment in which AGVs are used. This study focuses on the problem of automated indoor logistics carried out in the simultaneous production of textile finishing enterprises. In the study, a centralized cloud system that enables multiple AGVs to work in collaboration has been developed. The finishing enterprise of a denim manufacturing factory was handled as a case study and modelling of mapping-planning processes was carried out using the developed cloud system. In the cloud system, RestFul APIs, for mapping the environment, and WebSocket methods, to track the locations of AGVs, have been developed. A collaboration module in harmony with the working model has been developed for AGVs to be used for fabric transportation. The collaboration module consists of task definition, battery management-optimization, selection of the most suitable batch trolleys (provides mobility of fabrics for the finishing mills), optimum task distribution and collision avoidance stages. In the collaboration module, all the finishing processes until the product arrives the delivery point are defined as tasks. A task allocation algorithm has been developed for the optimum performance of these tasks. The multi-fitness function that optimizes the total path of the AGVs, the elapsed time and the energy spent while performing the tasks have been determined. An assignment matrix based on K nearest neighbor (k-NN) and permutation possibilities was created for the optimal task allocation, and the most appropriate row was selected according to the optimal path totals of each row in the matrix. The D* Lite algorithm has been used to calculate the optimum path between AGVs and goals by avoiding static obstacles. By developing simulation software, the problem model was adapted and the operation of the cloud system was tested. Simulation results showed that the developed cloud system was successfully implemented. Although the developed cloud system has been applied as a case study in fabric finishing workshops with a complex structure, it can be used in different sectors as its logistic processes are similar.

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Arifin, Robert, and Pius J. Egbelu. "Determination of vehicle requirements in automated guided vehicle systems: A statistical approach." Production Planning & Control 11, no. 3 (January 2000): 258–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095372800232225.

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Gobal, S. L., and R. G. Kasilingam. "A simulation model for estimating vehicle requirements in automated guided vehicle systems." Computers & Industrial Engineering 21, no. 1-4 (January 1991): 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(91)90163-z.

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Margaret, K. S., G. Sathish Kumar, J. Narendiran, and M. Raman. "PLC Based Sub-Assembly Station with Automated Guided Vehicle." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 7 (June 29, 2018): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i7.221.

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The aim of the project is to build an assembly station with the preventive section under the process of poke yoke system. Poke yoke is the general methodology following in industry to avoid mismatching product in assembly stations. The main aim of this project is to avoid assembling process when the sequential procedure is not followed. The project also deals with AGV – Automatic Guided Vehicle. It automatically shifts the assembling components from store room to work station when the count of components decreases in storage bin. When the material count in the storage bins reaches the preset count it will pass signal to store room, the components will be filled manually in AGV storage bins and then the AGV is moved to the destination point (work station).

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KING, RUSSELL E., and CARL WILSON. "A review of automated guided-vehicle systems design and scheduling." Production Planning & Control 2, no. 1 (January 1991): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537289108919329.

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GASKINS, ROBERT J., J. M. A. TANCHOCO, and FATANEH TAGHABONI. "Virtual flow paths for free-ranging automated guided vehicle systems." International Journal of Production Research 27, no. 1 (January 1989): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207548908942532.

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KOUVELIS, PANAGIOTIS, GENARO J. GUTIERREZ, and WEN-CHYUAN CHIANG. "Heuristic unidirectional flowpath design approaches for automated guided vehicle systems." International Journal of Production Research 30, no. 6 (June 1992): 1327–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207549208942960.

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Jeong, Byung Ho, and Sabah U. Randhawa. "A multi-attribute dispatching rule for automated guided vehicle systems." International Journal of Production Research 39, no. 13 (January 2001): 2817–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540110051860.

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Farling, B. E., C. T. Mosier, and F. Mahmoodi. "Analysis of automated guided vehicle configurations in flexible manufacturing systems." International Journal of Production Research 39, no. 18 (January 2001): 4239–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540110072957.

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Norman, Susan K., and Donald E. Scheck. "Design of a Simulation Package for Automated Guided Vehicle Systems." Computers & Industrial Engineering 11, no. 1-4 (January 1986): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(86)90120-8.

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Salehipour, Amir, and Mohammad Mehdi Sepehri. "Optimal location of workstations in tandem automated-guided vehicle systems." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 72, no. 9-12 (June 2014): 1429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-5678-x.

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Witczak, Marcin, Ralf Stetter, Mariusz Buciakowski, Didier Theilliol, and Norbert Kukurowski. "Design of diagnostic estimators for an automated guided vehicle." IFAC-PapersOnLine 51, no. 24 (2018): 1004–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.09.710.

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