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1
Ulgemo, Conrad, and Albin Svedberg. "Integrering av automatiserade lagersstyrningssystem." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för industriell ekonomi, industridesign och maskinteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-34001.
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Det har skett mycket de senaste åren inom tillverkningsindustrin. Kundanpassning med olika tillbehör och önskemål sätter press på företags förmåga att producera. En effektiv och noggrann hantering samt lagring av gods är en förutsättning för att förbli konkurrenskraftig. Det är väsentligt med lagerstyrning för kontroll av verksamhetens in- och utflöden i syfte att uppnå lönsamhet och hög kundnöjdhet. Hallberg-Rassy är skandinaviens största företag inom skeppsbyggnad som alltid levererat i tid. Med en ökad efterfråga och hantering av gods är lagerstyrningen viktig för att bevara kvaliteten. Företaget har uppmärksammat en misshantering av artiklar i främst höglagret som är i behov av ett förbättringsarbete. Företaget har ett stort centrallager som styrs av affärssystemet Navision. Problemet är att det befintliga affärssystemet inte kan utnyttjas till samtliga lager i verksamheten. Detta för att affärssystemet anpassats för mycket till centrallagret vilket resulterar i att systemets modul inte kan appliceras till företagets höglager. I dagsläget styrs höglagret av ett manuellt system i form av pärmar, där hanteringen leder till missvisande lagersaldon. Vi har med intervjuer och observationer av företaget samt framtagning av relevant teori, tagit reda på vilka faktorer som är anledningen till att manuella lagerrutiner bibehållas. Även vilka åtgärder som ska vidtas för att integrera manuella lagerrutiner i ett modernt lagerstyrningssystem. Men också undersökt vilka komplikationer en sådan övergång medför. Vi kom fram till att Hallberg-Rassy är kvar i manuella lagerrutiner för att integreringen i ett modernt lagerstyrningssystem medför stora kostnader med motstånd och rädsla från arbetarna. Denna integrering kan även medföra eventuella risker för en bristande kunskap av den nya modulen i affärssystemet. Detta sätter krav på utbildning för att upprätthålla hög arbetsmoral som främjar rätt indata till den nya modulen i affärssystemet.A lot has happened in recent years in the manufacturing industry. Customization with different accessories and wishes puts pressure on companies' ability to produce. Efficient and accurate handling and storage of goods is a prerequisite for staying competitive. It is essential to have inventory management for control of the company's inputs and outflows in order to achieve profitability and high customer satisfaction. Hallberg-Rassy is Scandinavia's largest shipbuilding company that always delivers on time. With increased demand and handling of goods, inventory management is important in order to preserve quality. The company has a large central warehouse that is controlled by the business system Navision, but the problem is that the existing business system cannot be used for all the warehouses in the business. The business system has been adapted too much to the central warehouse, which means that the system cannot be applied to the company's other warehouse. Today is the other warehouse controlled by a manual system in the form of binders, where the handling entails a misleading stock balance. With interviews and observations of the company as well as the development of relevant theory, we’ve found out which factors that are the reasons manual inventory routines are retained. Also, which approach should be taken to integrate manual warehouse routines into a modern warehouse management system. We also investigated the complications of such a transition result. We concluded that Hallberg-Rassy remain the manual storage routines because integration to a modern warehouse management system causes high costs with resistance and fear from the workers. This integration can also pose potential risks for lack of knowledge of the new module in the business system. This requires training to maintain a high work ethic that promotes the right input to the new module in the business system.
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Petersson, Martin. "Impact evaluation of an automatic identificationtechnology on inventory management : A simulation approach with the focus on RFID." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41387.
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Automatic identification system is a prominent technology used in warehouses to give managers real time information of their products and assistance to warehouse employees in keeping an accurate inventory record. This kind of assistance is needed as an inaccurate inventory leads to profit loss due to misplacement or other mistakes. This project cooperated with an organization called Stora Enso specifically one of their forest nursery to find a solution to improve their inventory management system. Their current inventory system is a manual process which leads to mistakes occurring that affects the inventory accuracy. This thesis project evaluates automatic identification systems to observe if the technology is a possible solution and aims to answer the research question ”What are the significant impacts an automatic identification system has on an inventory management system?”. From the automatic identification evaluation one system is picked for further evaluation and due to its advantages radio frequency identification (RFID) is picked. To evaluate RFID in a warehouse setting a discrete-event simulation was created that simulates the forest nursery’s warehouse. The simulation is then used to evaluate the impact of different RFID implementations and their respective cost. The simulation results show that just a simple RFID implementation can improve inventory accuracy and remove some of the mistakes a manual system has with a relatively low direct cost. It also shows that a full RFID implementation that gives full visibility of a warehouse can almost remove inventory mistakes however the cost analysis shows that it requires a large investment.
3
Relph, Geoffrey James Frederick. "Inventory Management in Business Systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516874.
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Mehmeti, Ardit. "Stochastic Inventory Management." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för matematik (MA), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-101526.
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This bachelor thesis is about a stochastic inventory theory and how changes in different parameters affect the cost system. The inventory is based on a stochastic version of an economic quantity order (EOQ) model with planned shortages. For the deterministic EOQ-model with planned shortages there is a convenient formula for optimal order quantity $Q$ minimizing the cost per time unit. For the stochastic version an ($R$,$Q$)-policy is applied where $R$ is a reorder point such that if the inventory level is below $R$ and order is sent and the ordered products arrive after a lead time $L$. Since a formula for the stochastic inventory is not known, optimal choice of $Q$ is numerically obtained by simulations and compared with the optimal $Q$ for the deterministic EOQ with planned shortages. The demand is for simplicity described by a Poisson process. Since having a stochastic inventory model the basic mathematical EOQ formula is inadequate and is replaced with an approximate EOQ formula with planned shortages. By the simulations the accuracy of the EOQ model with planned shortages approximation is investigated and optimal values for some of the parameters are obtained.
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Herr, Lea. "Home management system application development for inventory management /." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2006. http://165.236.235.140/lib/lherr2007.pdf.
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Sriram, Ranganath. "Inventory management for drug discovery." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43863.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; and, (M.B.A.) -- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-69).
This thesis documents a study carried out at the Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR) in Cambridge, MA. The study focused on the development of inventory management processes for laboratory consumables. The pharmaceutical R&D process is characterized by a dynamic project portfolio, which results in a great diversity of stock-keeping-units, low repeat order rates and high variability in consumption rates. These factors create significant challenges for the design of inventory management processes. We first present an assessment and diagnosis of the current state of inventory management at NIBR, using data gathered from various NIBR sites as well as other companies. We discuss underlying drivers that influence current behavior, and identify opportunities for improvement. We then develop alternative models for inventory management and compare these models along several dimensions such as stock room location & control, inventory ownership and replenishment options. We recommend the use of consolidated department level stock rooms as the most suitable option for NIBR. Detailed implementation plans are then developed and validated through a case study. We present key findings and recommendations for implementation, and discuss opportunities for future projects.
by Ranganath Sriram.
M.B.A.
S.M.
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Veatch, Michael H. "Queueing control problems for production/inventory systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12859.
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Bhagwan, Ranjita. "Automated availability management in large-scale storage systems /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3144326.
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Hillstrom, Nichole L. (Nichole Leigh), and Renato A. Malabanan. "Strategic inventory management of externally sourced medical devices." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81099.
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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59).
The purpose of this research was to determine inventory strategies for externally sourced medical devices. In the medical device industry, the desire for high levels of customer service often results in less than optimal inventory levels. In this study, we analyzed the details of the current inventory model utilized by the medical device company. In assigning appropriate inventory levels, we determined that key inputs were not regarded. When evaluating inventory levels, it was determined that pipeline inventory should be removed from the target on hand inventory levels if inventory ownership occurs upon receipt. When calculating safety stock, we determined that supply variability should be incorporated into the safety stock formula and extra buffers currently in place should be removed. In addition, a more robust measure of demand variability such as the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) or the Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE) should be incorporated into the formula instead of the use of the maximum of standard deviation of demand and standard deviation of forecast. Also, a gap was identified between the customer service safety factor used in the safety stock formula and the measurement of customer service by the company. Following the analysis of the current inventory modeling approach, we segmented the medical device SKU's based on key factors that drive inventory: demand, lead time, criticality and customer service. We also redefined the model used to determine slow moving inventory levels by incorporating the lead time of the part in setting cycle and safety stock levels and simulating the results to validate the relationships between the various inventory drivers. The application of the methodologies, concepts and findings in this research covering externally sourced medical devices can be extended to other subsidiaries and other industries.
by Nichole L. Hillstrom and Renato A. Malabanan.
M.Eng.in Logistics
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MuharremoglÌ, u. Alp 1975. "A new perspective on multi-echelon inventory systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29925.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-126).
We present a new methodology for analyzing multi-echelon inventory systems. The methodology relies on decomposing complicated multi-echelon inventory control problems into much smaller and managable subproblems, whose solutions in turn help us either characterize the structure of optimal policies for the corresponding overall problems and/or to compute optimal policies efficiently. We analyze four multi-echelon systems through this perspective. The first system is a serial system with stochastic leadtimes and Markov modulated demand. Here, the methodology amounts to focusing on a single unit as it travels through the supply chain and showing that the original problem is simply a series of single unit problems that are essentially decoupled. We are able to show that state dependent echelon base stock policies are optimal in this setting, both in finite and infinite horizon. A serial system with expediting options is analyzed next. A stage is not restricted to order items from the next upstream stage but can place orders at stages further upstream in the supply chain, by incurring certain extra costs. We show that given a restriction on the expediting cost structure that we call supermodularity, the system decomposes into single unit subproblems. We characterize the structure of optimal policies as extended echelon base stock policies, which is a generalization of echelon base stock policies. Next we study a serial system with batch size constraints. We show that the problem can be decomposed into subproblems, each of which has a single batch. We then show that (R, nQ) policies are optimal for this problem, which can be interpreted as echelon base stock policies that incorporate the batch size restrictions.
(cont.) In addition to providing a simple proof technique, the new approach gives rise to efficient algorithms for the calculation of the policy parameters, for all the systems described above. Finally we analyze an assembly system with stochastic leadtimes. We show that the problem can be decomposed into a series of subproblems, each with a single kit of parts. This enhances our understanding about optimal policies in this setting and we develop a relatively efficient algorithm for the computation of optimal policies.
by Alp MuharremoglÌu.
Ph.D.
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Lystad, Erik D. "Simple Newsvendor Bounds for Inventory Distribution Systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14591.
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To date, closed form optimal solutions for stocking levels in arborescent multiechelon inventory systems have not been obtained. These problems exhibit the joint difficulties of requiring an allocation policy as well as a stocking policy, and the multidimensional nature of their state space makes dynamic programming formulations impractical. In this dissertation, we introduce procedures that approximate multiechelon networks with sets of single installation problems. We first use this technique to solve for base-stock levels in a distribution network with asymmetric retailers. Second, we use this technique to analyze delayed differentiation production processes and provide guidance as to when the strategy is most warranted. Third, we modify the technique to account for inventory that exhibits perishability and solve for stocking policies for distribution systems when the inventory has a fixed shelf life.
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Usta, Mericcan. "Competition And Collaboration In Service Parts Management Systems." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612739/index.pdf.
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Inventory management policies of two independent dealers in a service parts system with transshipment is studied in this thesis. Dealers can collaborate by pooling inventory or service. Revenue is shared in transshipment, can sometimes be contrary to profit maximization of one of the parties albeit sum of profits is increased. To assess the benefits of inventory pooling under equilibrium strategies, and the effect of competition on profits, a Markov Decision Process is formulated. A simpler variant of the optimal four-index threshold policy is used to characterize the production, service and transshipment related inventory decisions. A game theoretical approach as well as notions from policy iteration is taken to find the best response policy and equilibrium policies of the dealers. Numerical study is conducted to investigate the effect of cost, revenue and demand parameters, as well as dealer asymmetricities on benefit of pooling, service levels and transshipment flows. Analysis shows that commission schemes fairly allocating transshipment value to the players, high customer traffic intensities, and low transshipment costs are most suited environments for pooling. System centralization is beneficial when the inventory holding costs are high, transshipment costs are low, customer traffic intensities are high or the commission structure is distracting a party. Competition, within the experimental settings, dampens about 45% of the benefits of pooling.
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Bai, Sherman Xiewei. "Scheduling manufacturing systems with work-in-process inventory control." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13477.
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Goold, Jennifer L. "A systems approach for acquiring an automated maintenance management system." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12162009-020022/.
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Venganti, Thirupathi. "Outage management via powerline communication based automated meter reading systems." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2004. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-12162003-144004.
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Calheiros, Rodrigo N. "Automated emulation of distributed systems through system management and virtualization." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5086.
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Previous issue date: 2010-03-05Sistemas distribu?dos s?o compostos de elementos computacionais geograficamente distribu?dos que pertencem a m?ltiplos dom?nios administrativos controlados por m?ltiplas entidades. Estas caracter?sticas dificultam testes e avalia??es nesta plataforma, porque dificilmente testadores/avaliadores de sistemas ou pol?ticas adquirem repetidamente os mesmo recursos pela mesmo per?odo de tempo sob as mesmas condi??es de rede, o que s?o requisitos fundamentais para testes reproduz?veis e controlados do software em desenvolvimento. Uma alternativa a experimentos em plataformas reais ? emula??o, onde o modelo de um sistema executa o software real sob teste. A tecnologia de virtualiza??o possibilita o desenvolvimento de emuladores eficientes porque ela oferece meios para multiplexa??o e isolamento de recursos. Apesar da virtualiza??o facilitar o desenvolvimento de emuladores, pouco esfor?o tem sido feito para isolar testadores/avaliadores de sistemas ou pol?ticas da opera??o das ferramentas e do ambiente virtualizado. Esta tese apresenta o Automated Emulation Framework (AEF), que aplica tecnologias de virtualiza??o e ger?ncia de sistemas em um cluster de esta??es de trabalho a fim de oferecer uma ferramenta automatizada para emula??o de sistemas distribu?dos. Tr?s atividades principais s?o realizadas pelo AEF: primeiro, ele realiza o mapeamento das m?quinas virtuais que representam n?s do ambiente distribu?do emulado para n?s do cluster e dos links entre m?quinas virtuais para caminhos na rede f?sica; segundo, ele realiza a instala??o e configura??o autom?tica das m?quinas virtuais no cluster e rede virtual na rede do cluster; terceiro, ele realiza configura??o e disparo autom?tico de experimentos no sistema emulado, monitora??o e controle do ambiente e aplica??es, e reconfigura??o do sistema em caso de viola??es nas demandas do testador/avaliador de sistemas ou pol?ticas. Em rela??o ? primeira atividade, o problema de mapeamento ? definido formalmente e quatro her?sticas para solu??o do problema s?o desenvolvidas e avaliadas com o uso de simula??o de eventos discretos. Em rela??o ?s duas ?ltimas atividades, a arquitetura do AEF ? descrita em detalhes. Al?m do mais, um prot?tipo do AEF ? desenvolvido e avaliado atrav?s da realiza??o de experimentos no contexto de grades computacionais. Experimentos mostram que a arquitetura ? realiz?vel e que AEF pode ser uma ferramenta valiosa para experimenta??o repetida e control?vel de sistemas distribu?dos.
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Calheiros, Rodrigo Neves. "Automated emulation of distributed systems through system management and virtualization." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/1700.
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Previous issue date: 2010Distributed systems are composed of geographically distributed computing elements that belong to multiple administrative domains and are controlled by multiple entities. These characteristics from distributed systems make hard the task of testing and evaluating software for this platform, because it is unlikely that testers/system or policy evaluators are able to acquire repeatedly the same re- sources, for the same amount of time, and under the same network conditions, which are paramount requirements for enabling reproducible and controlled tests in software under development. An al- ternative to experiments in real testbeds is emulation, where a model of a system hosts the actual software under test. Virtualization technology enables development of efficient emulators because it offers means for resources multiplexing and isolation. Even though virtualization makes easier development of emulators, there are few efforts in isolating testers/system or policy evaluators from operation of the virtualization tools and environment. This thesis presents Automated Emulation Framework (AEF), which applies virtualization and systems management technology in a cluster of workstations to provide testers/system or policy evaluators with a tool for automated emulation of distributed systems. Three main activities are performed by AEF. First, it performs the mapping of virtual machines that represents nodes from the emulated distributed environment to cluster nodes and emulated links between virtual machines to paths in the physical network; second, it performs automated installation and configuration of virtual machines in the cluster and virtual network in the cluster network; third, it performs automated configuration and triggering of experiments in the emulated system, monitoring and control of environment and applications, and system reconfigu- ration in case of violations in the tester/system or policy evaluator demands. Regarding the first activity, the mapping problem is formally defined and four heuristics for solution of the problem are developed and evaluated with the use of discrete-event simulation. Regarding the last two activities, AEF architecture is described in details. Furthermore, an AEF prototype is developed and evalu- ated by execution of experiments in the context of grid computing. Experiment results show that implementation of the architecture is feasible and that AEF can be a valuable tool for repeatable and controllable distributed systems experimentation.
Sistemas distribuídos são compostos de elementos computacionais geograficamente distribuídos que pertencem a múltiplos domínios administrativos controlados por múltiplas entidades. Estas características dificultam testes e avaliações nesta plataforma, porque dificilmente testadores/avaliadores de sistemas ou políticas adquirem repetidamente os mesmo recursos pela mesmo período de tempo sob as mesmas condições de rede, o que são requisitos fundamentais para testes reproduzíveis e controlados do software em desenvolvimento. Uma alternativa a experimentos em plataformas reais é emulação, onde o modelo de um sistema executa o software real sob teste. A tecnologia de virtualização possibilita o desenvolvimento de emuladores eficientes porque ela oferece meios para multiplexação e isolamento de recursos. Apesar da virtualização facilitar o desenvolvimento de emuladores, pouco esforço tem sido feito para isolar testadores/avaliadores de sistemas ou políticas da operação das ferramentas e do ambiente virtualizado. Esta tese apresenta o Automated Emulation Framework (AEF), que aplica tecnologias de virtualização e gerência de sistemas em um cluster de estações de trabalho a fim de oferecer uma ferramenta automatizada para emulação de sistemas distribuídos. Três atividades principais são realizadas pelo AEF: primeiro, ele realiza o mapeamento das máquinas virtuais que representam nós do ambiente distribuído emulado para nós do cluster e dos links entre máquinas virtuais para caminhos na rede física; segundo, ele realiza a instalação e configuração automática das máquinas virtuais no cluster e rede virtual na rede do cluster; terceiro, ele realiza configuração e disparo automático de experimentos no sistema emulado, monitoração e controle do ambiente e aplicações, e reconfiguração do sistema em caso de violações nas demandas do testador/avaliador de sistemas ou políticas. Em relação à primeira atividade, o problema de mapeamento é definido formalmente e quatro herísticas para solução do problema são desenvolvidas e avaliadas com o uso de simulação de eventos discretos. Em relação às duas últimas atividades, a arquitetura do AEF é descrita em detalhes. Além do mais, um protótipo do AEF é desenvolvido e avaliado através da realização de experimentos no contexto de grades computacionais. Experimentos mostram que a arquitetura é realizável e que AEF pode ser uma ferramenta valiosa para experimentação repetida e controlável de sistemas distribuídos.
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Chu, Chi-Leung. "Coordination of supply chain inventory systems with private information." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4895.
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This dissertation considers the problems of coordinating different supply chain
inventory systems with private information under deterministic settings. These systems
studied are characterized by the following properties: (a) each facility in the system has
self decision-making authority, (b) cost parameters of each facility are regarded as
private information that no other facilities in the system have access to, and (c) partial
information is shared among the facilities. Because of the above properties, the existing
approaches for systems with global information may not be applicable. Thus, new
approaches for coordinating supply chain inventory systems with private information are
needed.
This dissertation first studies two two-echelon distribution inventory systems.
Heuristics for finding the replenishment policy of each facility are developed under
global information environment. In turn, the heuristics are modified to solve the
problems with private information. An important characteristic of the heuristics
developed for the private information environment is that they provide the same
solutions as their global information counterpart.
Then, more complex multi-echelon serial and assembly supply chain inventory
systems with private information are studied. The solution approach decomposes the
problem into separate subproblems such that the private information is divided as
required. Global optimality is sought with an iterative procedure in which the
subproblems negotiate the material flows between facilities. At the core of the solution procedure is a node-model that represents a facility and its corresponding private
information. Using the node-model as a building block, other supply chains can be
formed by linking the node-models according to the product and information flows. By
computational experiments, the effect of the private information on the performance of
the supply chain is tested by comparing the proposed approach against existing
heuristics that utilize global information. Experimental results show that the proposed
approach provides comparable results as those of the existing heuristics with global
information.
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Esmaeili, Ahangarkolaei Hadi, and Zandi Mohammad Saeid. "Using Revenue Management in Multiproduct Production/Inventory Systems: A Survey Study." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-64451.
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The study aims at investigating how revenue management techniques can be applied in industries which offer multiple products. Most of the companies nowadays trend to produce multiperoducts and they try to find the best method of selling. Therefore, revenue management can be considered as a new direction which should be developed for these firms. In this study, multi-product firms are mainly referred as firms offering a bundle of products or substitute products. In this regard, models and techniques applied in multiproduct firms are discussed and it is tried to provide basic models to better understand the problems, variables, customer choice models and constraints. The main methodology in this study is literature review. In order to carry out the research first revenue management applications and techniques are discussed to find a fit to this kind of industries. The main findings of this study are (1) identifying and analyzing the most important factors affecting decision making regarding managing of bundling and substitute products and ultimately total revenue of multiproduct firms. (2) Summarizing the results and knowledge obtained from various studies within fields of bundling and substitute products. (3) Discussing the possibility of applying different revenue management techniques to these fields. (4) Identifying potentials and new directions for future study with respect to both revenue management techniques and multiproduct firms.
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Apple, Chris Leon. "A systems approach to inventory management of repairables in the Navy." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/21574.
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Mauro, Joseph (Joseph Peter). "Strategic inventory management in an aerospace supply chain." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44295.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-80).
This paper introduces multiple methods to set and optimize inventory levels. These methods are then classified based on the complexity involved to implement them. As an organization develops a deeper understanding of inventory, it becomes more mature and can apply more complex methods. This sequencing of methods is defined as a three phase maturity model. First, a foundational level of maturity is defined, which quantifies inventory levels based on future demand and business requirements. Second, a transitional level of maturity defines safety stock positioning in a single-echelon supply chain. Finally, the maturity model concludes with an optimal level of maturity that is based on principles of multi-echelon inventory optimization: safety stock at multiple positions of a supply chain. The setting for this paper was the Aerospace industry. Honeywell Aerospace is in the middle of a 3-year effort to re-engineer Sales, Inventory and Operations Planning (SIOP) systems. At the same time, Honeywell Aerospace is standardizing on a uniform implementation of an ERP system. Through SIOP, standard inventory and planning practices aided by the uniform ERP backbone and a strategic inventory program executive management hopes to reduce what is seen as a disproportionate contribution of inventory to Honeywell International.
by Joseph Mauro.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Pretorius, Linda. "Remote information management of an automated manufacturing system." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/104.
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Thesis (M. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007With technology advancing, more and more people turn to the World Wide Web to conduct business. This may include buying and selling on the Web, advertising and monitoring of business activities. There is a big need for software and systems that enable remote monitoring and controlling of business activities. The Mechatronics Research Group of the Faculty of Engineering, Information and Communication Technology at the Central University of Technology, Free State, has identified a similar need. This research group has created an Automated Manufacturing System around which research topics revolve. They want to monitor this Automated Manufacturing System from remote locations like their offices or, if possible, from home. The Remote Information Management (RIM) System was developed, using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) Methodology. The reasons why this methodology was used, is because it is the best to use in a changing environment, when the system needs to be developed very quickly and when most of the data is already available. This is a good description of the Automated Manufacturing System’s environment. The RAD methodology consists of four stages: Requirements Planning, User Design, Rapid Construction and Transition. Project Management is used throughout these stages to ensure that the project goes according to plan. Development of the RIM system went through all four stages and project management was applied. The final system consisted of a Web Page with Web Camera views of the Automated Manufacturing System. The application that was developed using National Instruments LabVIEW, Microsoft Visual C++, and Microsoft Excel, is embedded in this Web Page. This application is called a Virtual Instrument (VI). The VI shows real-time data from the Automated Manufacturing System. Control over the VI can be granted and will allow the remote user to create reports on how many different products was produced and system downtimes. A system like the RIM System has advantages in the business world. It can enable telecommuting and will allow employees and managers to monitor (and even control) manufacturing systems, or any system connected to a PLC, from remote locations.
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Suryawanshi, Yogeshwar D. (Yogeshwar Dattatraya), and Thomas Hsien. "Multi-echelon inventory management for a fresh produce retail supply chain." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61188.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-84).
Perishability presents a challenging problem in inventory management for the fresh produce industry since it can lead to higher inventory costs and lower service levels. If a supply chain has multiple echelons, that further complicates the issue since companies have an added risk of not having the right amount of product at the right location at the right time. We conduct our research on Chiquita's Fresh Express supply chain. We analyze the impact of perishability on total relevant costs. Our research focuses on determining the optimal inventory policy for the system considering inventory holding costs, shrinkage costs, lost sales costs, forecast accuracy and service levels. We test the sensitivity of the system with respect to forecast errors and the transportation lead time. We developed a discrete-event simulation model using Arena software to conduct the research. Our research demonstrates that by lowering the current target on-hand inventory levels at the distribution center and retail stores, inventory holding costs and shrinkage costs are reduced significantly. Under the optimal inventory policy, the system can save 31% in costs, improve the item fill rate at the distribution center, reduce the total shrinkage volume, and maintain high service levels of more than 95% at the retail stores. Our sensitivity analysis shows that the system is very sensitive to the forecast errors. Additionally, we recommend keeping the transportation lead time as low as possible to maximize the products' lifetime at the retail stores. Reducing the forecast errors or the transportation lead time would reduce the total relevant cost of the system while improving the item fill rates across the supply chain.
by Yogeshwar D. Suryawanshi and Thomas Hsien.
M.Eng.in Logistics
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Herington, Stephen (Stephen Richard). "Supplier inventory and operations management process improvement methodology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81000.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-63).
The Building Construction Products (BCP) Division of Caterpillar makes 12 different loader, excavator, and tractor products with 10 manufacturing facilities worldwide. With relatively high volume machines, BCP saw that their supply base continued to have challenges in managing their inventory levels when machine volume and mix would change. Challenges included poor Supplier Shipping Performance (SSP), Point of Use (POU) availability, and inventory turns. These failures translated into poor Committed Ship Date (CSD) performance; which also directly impacted the overall cost of production and profitability of BCP. For example, coming out of the 2009 recession, suppliers were unable to keep up with BCP's increasing demand; which was attributed to supplier's lack of confidence in the BCP forecast, and only reviewing a 13-week capacity outlook. Therefore, BCP would like to have visibility into their supplier's planning processes, and through enhanced collaboration and communication, improve both BCP and their supplier's performance. To obtain the expected result, the scope of the project was to evaluate the Sales & Operations Planning (S&OP) processes of two identified suppliers. While the primary goal of the project was to develop a robust BCP Supplier S&OP process, the performance improvements were generated from Inventory and Operations Management tool creation and process improvement. The project followed the 6 Sigma approach of DMAIC to clearly evaluate the S&OP processes at both BCP Leicester and the two identified suppliers. The study concluded, through the development of a Supplier S&OP process that there were several important factors hindering the implementation of S&OP. These factors included capacity planning, planning parameters and inventory management policies. To enable implementation, the following tools were created: 1. Capacity Planning Tool enabled £30k annual cost avoidance on labor, logistics, and equipment through proactive management and scenario planning 2. Batch Size Tool enabled £20k+ reduction of inventory holding costs while also reducing near-term schedule variation to 2nd tier supplier 3. Safety Stock Tool provided inventory levels to align customer service with lead-times Through looking at the current BCP S&OP process at Caterpillar several key issues were identified with the quality of the output. These included lack of accountability for forecast accuracy and a lack of clear BCP Supply Chain strategy. To improve the identified issues the following actions were taken: 1. Created a Forecast Accuracy Tool that quickly identifies areas of concern 2. Submitted a future project proposal for Improving Piece-Part Forecast Accuracy 3. Recommended a future project for Cost Analysis on 8 week order-to-delivery SC model.
by Stephen Herington.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Baskan, Fevzi. "Analysis Of Serial Inventory Systems Under Nonstationary Demand." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605584/index.pdf.
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In this study we consider a two-echelon supply chain with a nonstationary demand process. The retailer batches the customer demand for a predetermined number of periods before placing an order to the supplier. We show that the demand process for the supplier is more variable than that for the retailer. It is observed that the supplier can reduce the variability of orders by tracking the exogenous demand occurring at the retailer's side.
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Zhang, Jiaqi. "Holdout transshipment policy in two-location inventory systems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4353.
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In two-location inventory systems, unidirectional transshipment policies are considered when an item is not routinely stocked at a location in the system. Unlike the past research in this area which has concentrated on the simple transshipment policies of complete pooling or no pooling, the research presented in this thesis endeavors to develop an understanding of a more general class of transshipment policy. The research considers two major approaches: a decomposition approach, in which the two-location system is decomposed into a system with independent locations, and Markov decision process approach. For the decomposition approach, the transshipment policy is restricted to the class of holdout transshipment policy. The first attempt to develop a decomposition approach assumes that transshipment between the locations occurs at a constant rate in order to decompose the system into two independent locations with constant demand rates. The second attempt modifies the assumption of constant rate of transshipment to take account of local inventory levels to decompose the system into two independent locations with non-constant demand rates. In the final attempt, the assumption of constant rate of transshipment is further modified to model more closely the location providing transshipments. Again the system is decomposed into two independent locations with non-constant demand rates. For each attempt, standard techniques are applied to derive explicit expressions for the average cost rate, and an iterative solution method is developed to find an optimal holdout transshipment policy. Computational results show that these approaches can provide some insights into the performance of the original system. A semi-Markov decision model of the system is developed under the assumption of exponential lead time rather than fixed lead time. This model is later extended to the case of phase-type distribution for lead time. The semi-Markov decision process allows more general transshipment policies, but is computationally more demanding. Implicit expressions for the average cost rate are derived from the optimality equation for dynamic programming models. Computational results illustrate insights into the management of the two-location system that can be gained from this approach.
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Bodner, Douglas Anthony. "Real-time control approaches to deadlock management in automated manufacturing systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25607.
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De, Souza Robert B. R. "The management of tool flow in highly automated batch manufacturing systems." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1988. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28059.
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An overall framework to provide a complete tool management solution to an existing or specified manufacturing system is constructed, and prototype software provided, for a hierarchy of levels of tool flow automation. The work is targeted at the design and operation of tooling systems for prismatic parts flexible machining systems ranging from stand-alone unmanned machining stations to highly automated multi-machine multi-cell configurations. The research work moves from identification and category definition of a tool flow network appropriate for the manufacturing requirements, through the careful selection and definition of operating rules and strategies to the evaluation of the options available for tool issue and assignment. Two main computer aids (design facilities) to provide support in a systems thinking approach to tool flow management have been developed and tested with the aid of case studies. The essential role of these design facilities is the timely scheduling of tools to satisfy a short to medium term manufacturing task, and to examine the cost and number of captive tools under selected rules and strategies.
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Klosterhalfen, Steffen [Verfasser]. "Multiple sourcing in single- and multi-echelon inventory systems / Steffen Klosterhalfen." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1008073946/34.
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Ebner, Ellen E. (Ellen Elizabeth). "A systems approach to procurement of automated technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98980.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2015. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2015. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 89).
Company A's Product Group B (PGB) is developing an automated system to complete final assembly of the Component, a structural member of the product that includes technology supporting two features of the product's competitive advantage. PGB contracted with an industry partner to supply the automated assembly system, which will be built and tested in 2015. Amid the wide spread perception that automation projects purchased from suppliers include schedule delays and performance deficiencies, PGB must specify the activities to verify automated assembly system performance prior to purchasing it from the Supplier. Interviews with project teams were completed to gather data about the procurement of existing automated systems at Company A. A range of success in completing project buyoff on time with no deficiencies was found with variation in buyoff results mainly associated with the presence or lack of fully-defined requirements and detailed procedures to verify and validate the system according to the requirements. The findings led to the hypothesis that automation system buyoff can be improved by applying an approach that includes development of good requirements, planning detailed procedures to verify and validate the system according to the requirements, and tracking progress towards meeting requirements to a schedule. To test the hypothesis, an approach to buyoff plan development and execution incorporating these factors was defined and then evaluated using a model. Buyoff of the automated assembly system will occur in 2015 according to the approach defined in this research. Results should be evaluated to validate the hypothesis and provide evidence for further buyoff plan improvement.
by Ellen E. Ebner.
M.B.A.
S.M.
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Macmillan, Michael Reed. "Network methods for inventory management in capacity constrained retail stores." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104395.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.Thesis: S.M. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-82).
Zara leads the fast-fashion industry introducing over 12,000 unique items per year [5], selling in over 2,000 stores and generating rch16091 [British pound symbol]11.6 Bn in yearly sales [8]. Critical to this success, Zara's Distribution Department continually focuses on improving the algorithms and programs which the company uses to move clothing through the supply chain. Demand variability and short product lifecycles make this task extremely challenging, especially when coupled with limited storage space in many Zara stores. This thesis helps stores which are challenged by low storage capacity and high consumer demand by testing three inventory management methods. The first method creates a virtual cost in the inventory redistribution algorithm, which decreases the likelihood that an over-capacity store will hold an item. This method decreased the amount of post transfer inventory by 15 % in capacity constrained stores while only experiencing a .1% loss of profits when compared to the current process. The second method opens new transfer routes for capacity constrained stores to move inventory into stores which benefit from the additional items, while reducing the non-performing stock at the capacity constrained store. These store to store routes quickly transfer items while reducing the stock of the origin store. The final method improves existing capacity returns, which automatically move inventory from capacity constrained stores back to the Distribution Center. The new method optimizes the selection of items to improve redistribution to other stores, resulting in additional full priced sales, while removing the same amount of items from the origin store. The implementation of these processes will reduce stock management problems experienced at Zara stores, while ensuring that other stores have the opportunity to sell at full price.
by Michael Reed Macmillan.
M.B.A.
S.M. in Engineering Systems
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Tjhin, Poi Chung, and Rachita Pandey. "Inventory management strategy for the supply chain of a medical device company." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77474.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-98).
In the medical device industry, many companies rely on a high inventory strategy in order to meet their customers' urgent requirements, sometimes leading to excessive inventory. This problem is compounded when it involves a long supply chain with several stages of activities and with long delivery and processing lead times. It is further exacerbated when high inventory leads to the frequent expiry of items with short shelf lives, which is typical of surgical items that have to be sterilized. Good supply chain strategies can potentially lead to a significant reduction of the supply chain cost. Through the use of relevant mathematical formulae and Strategic Inventory Placement optimization method, this paper examines the extent of the usefulness of a few possible strategies, such as kitting architecture change and continuous review system, for a family of medical emergency surgical kits across the whole supply chain for a medical device company. The result shows that reducing production lead time and review period, as well as adopting certain kitting architecture changes can reduce inventory value by more than 60% and operating cost by more than 20%. In addition, the paper shows that the Strategic Inventory Placement method can further reduce the total inventory value and operating cost by increasing the inventory of finished products and reducing the inventory of components in the supply chain.
by Poi Chung Tjhin and Rachita Pandey.
M.Eng.in Logistics
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Woo, Han-Gyun. "Reuse of Scenario Specifications Using an Automated Relational Learner." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2005. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cis_diss/2.
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Software specification by scenarios has grown with the popularity of object-oriented software engineering. Scenarios such as use cases provide a bridge from the informal descriptions gathered from user interviews toward the more formal software model. Yet, practitioners still request more explicit methodological guidance and more adequate tool support for authoring quality scenarios. Researchers have been seeking a means to overcome the limitations of use cases such as partialness and incompleteness. One of such research streams is an extension of scenarios with more formal representation schemes. This approach may reduce incompleteness of scenarios; however, applicability of the approach to practice remains open to discussion, considering that the current usage of formal scenario representations is very low. This research takes software reuse approach to assist scenario-building process. In the proposed approach, a software analyst defines an initial description of a scenario. An automated tool support then presents a set of similar use cases retrieved from a database of use cases. The analyst adapts a retrieved use case to the current purpose. This dissertation research is expected to have unique contributions to research and practice. The proposed automated scenario reuse provides a viable solution to guide scenario-authoring process without imposing an additional burden of adding formal annotations to system specifications on system analysts. By adopting a machinelearning algorithm based on relational structure matching, the scenario reuse places more focus on UML semantics, relational information among UML elements rather than syntactic attributes of scenarios or natural language descriptions. In addition, the proposed scenario reuse can be augmented with other approaches and design artifacts, depending on customized needs in a given context of problem domains. In terms of research methodology, this dissertation research takes four steps. First, I develop prototype software for the automated tool support. It can be incorporated into a CASE tool as an add-in program. Second, preliminary case studies are taken to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed approach. Third, expert opinions are collected regarding the effectiveness and efficiency of the tool support. Finally, a lab experiment and a free simulation experiment are conducted for more rigorous empirical validation.
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Sullivan, James A. "Management of autonomous systems in the Navy's Automated Digital Network System (ADNS)." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA341474.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1997."September 1997." Thesis advisor(s): Rex Buddenberg, Suresh Sridhar. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-84). Also available online.
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Roberts, Ellen E. "Streamlined automated logistics transmission system program management and commercial satellite systems analyses." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA366174.
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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Techology (Command, Control, and Communications)) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1999."June 1999". Thesis advisor(s): John Osmundson, Douglas Brinkley. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-84). Also available online.
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Herrera, Jason (Jason Richard). "Evaluation of control systems for automated aircraft wing manufacturing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82484.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2013.This electronic version was submitted and approved by the author's academic department as part of an electronic thesis pilot project. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from department-submitted PDF version of thesis
Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-64).
The Boeing Company is looking to bring aircraft manufacturing technology into the 21st century. As part of this process, several projects have been started to develop the technologies required to achieve Boeing's vision for the future of aircraft manufacturing. To date, much of this work has focused on hardware, including robotic and other automation technologies. However, in order to use this hardware, a significant effort must also be made in the area of factory control and coordination. This thesis advances knowledge in this area by evaluating the suitability of different control system approaches for aircraft wing box assembly. First, general classes of control systems are discussed and several criteria are proposed for evaluating their performance in an aircraft manufacturing environment. The current wing box assembly process is then examined in order to develop simplified but representative task networks to which various algorithms can be applied. The Tercio algorithm, developed at MIT, is used to generate schedules for several problem structures of interest in order to characterize the algorithm's performance in this context. The Tercio algorithm is then benchmarked against the Aurora scheduling tool, showing that Tercio can generate more efficient schedules than Aurora, but at the cost of increased computation time. Next, management considerations with respect to product design, manufacturing technology development, and implementation associated with advanced manufacturing technologies are discussed. Finally, recommendations are provided for how Boeing can accelerate the development of useful and practical advanced, automated manufacturing systems.
by Jason Herrera.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Andersson, Henrik. "Coordinated Routing : applications in location and inventory management." Doctoral thesis, Norrköping : Dept. of Science and Tehcnology, Linköping University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7096.
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Chandra, Vikash M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Michael Tulley. "Raw material inventory strategy for make-to-order manufacturing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107523.
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Thesis: M. Eng. in Logistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program, 2016."June 2016." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 63-64).
What is the appropriate raw material inventory strategy for a make-to-order manufacturing company? As companies grow in size and the business environment changes over time, many companies adapt their operating policies to remain competitive. However, some policies, such as raw material inventory policies, are left untouched as "legacies" of the company's past due to lower priorities or lack of adequate data. These raw material inventory policies are of particular importance to manufacturing firms, especially those that often operate at maximum capacity or have seasonality in demand. This research proposes a raw material inventory policy evaluation tool that allows a company to understand how certain key performance indicators are affected by various changes in its inventory policy and helps the company devise a strategy. This evaluation tool can then guide the company towards a better inventory policy in the absence of cost information and shows the results in terms of number of events. The company can then adjust various replenishment policies depending on the product's demand characteristics. In addition, the research demonstrates that inventory policy changes can be used to partially overcome supplier service level declines and demand variability.
by Vikash Chandra and Michael Tully.
M. Eng. in Logistics
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Mart, Turgut. "Tactical Inventory And Backorder Decisions For Systems With Predictable Production Yield." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611861/index.pdf.
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We consider a manufacturing system with stochastic demand and predictable production yield. The manufacturer has predetermined prices and limited production capacity in each
period. The producer also has the option to save some inventory for future periods even if there is demand in the current period. The demand that is not met is lost or may be backordered for only one period. Our objective is to maximize the expected profit by choosing optimal production, save and backorder quantities in each period. We formulate this problem
as a Markov Decision Process where the state of the system is represented by the net inventory and the efficiency parameter. We show that a modified (Y, S, B) policy is optimal in each period. At the end, we have some computational analysis to examine the effects of yield on the optimal decisions.
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Dumas, Charl. "Effective inventory management in small to medium-sized enterprises / by Charl Dumas." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2603.
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We live in the age of the informed consumer creating a business climate of increasing competition, which implies that all companies need to be as efficient as possible at every level, and this includes inventory management. For many businesses, inventory is the largest asset on the balance sheet at any given time and therefore needs to be efficiently managed. A large amount of a company's costs can be attributed to the amount it invests in inventory and associated holding, transportation, and management costs; management of inventory is thus critical to an SME's profitability. Therefore, it is important to investigate the models for effective inventory management in SMEs. Inventory management entails more than simply the forecasting and replenishment of inventory; it also demands the management of inventory to optimise services and profit. The main objective of the study was to investigate the standard inventory theories and models used to help management in small to medium-sized enterprises in keeping costs down while still meeting customer service requirements.
Organisational effectiveness was defined in terms of the effectiveness of the internal processes of an organisation. While accountants and senior managers tend to measure results of most, if not all, organisational activities in monetary terms, so it is no surprise that many organisations rely on financial measures such as ROI or ROA to measure effectiveness. However, effectiveness was defined as the ability to achieve stated inventory levels, judged in terms of financial measures like inventory turnover for this study. This study posits that the effectiveness of a given SME may be ascertained from the effectiveness of the inventory management decisions made by its management. Modern inventory management systems are based on well-recognised inventory models and even though the methods were developed many years ago they still perform well from a theoretical point of view. Inventory models like economic order quantity (EOQ), activity-based costing (ABC), analysis for inventory and just-in-time (JIT) that form the bases of modern inventory systems are still commonly used in the industry today. Modern inventory management systems like MRP/MRPII and ERP systems offer a complete inventory management system to SMEs, but despite the rapid development of ERP systems, little research can be found in evaluating the extent to which ERP could create a competitive advantage for SMEs. Safety inventory protects against inventory uncertainty by ensuring there are enough products available to maintain desired service levels. Based on this, safety inventory can be expressed as the quantity of inventory that has to be reserved in order to protect the system from random variables such as inventory-outs, which may occur as a result of either forecast errors or deviations from normal demand during average lead times. Supply chain management (SCM) is a set of approaches utilized to effectively incorporate suppliers, manufacturers, logistics, and consumers to place the right amount of inventory at the right places at the right time. Since inventories represent a significant investment by many businesses, the challenge, however, is to determine the lowest amount of inventory required to accomplish all of the service-level targets. Inventory costs are relevant to most liquidity, asset management and liability management ratios and only once a balance is found between service levels, costs of holding inventory and cost of manufacture, which, once achieved, will it lead to increased profitability. Inventory is a measure of both liquidity and in -service efficiency just like receivable turnover. These methods produce an overall level of inventory that senior management typically judges in terms of an inventory turnover ratio (annual sales / average inventory) or a total asset level. A literature study was conducted with the aid of a computer-based search, using the keywords identified, databases and search engines such as Google Search, Google Scholar, Business Source Premier, Emerald and EBSCO Host. The empirical research describes a process whereby data or facts on a specific issue were gathered and analysed. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed to gather information from the defined population for this study. This study used a structured questionnaire as well as an open-ended and semi-structured interview with some of the population sample to collect empirical data. The sample tested consisted of 60 managers, owners or responsible persons for inventory management in small to medium enterprises in Gauteng, South Africa. The results of the questionnaires were submitted for statistical analyses at the Statistical Department of the North-West University. The results of the statistical analysis were interpreted by closer investigation of the correlations, cross tabulations and frequency analysis done with the aid of SSPS. After the statistical analysis the conclusion could be drawn that more than half of all questioned SMEs in the study were not effective in their inventory management and this is most probably the result of most respondents' lack of theoretical knowledge about inventory management theories. Furthermore, it was concluded that most small and medium businesses have experienced inventory shortages as a result of JIT ordering, but still chose not to hold safety inventories because of the cost associated with holding inventories. This also made them and their customers reliant on their suppliers' supply chain management for efficient service delivery. Furthermore, it was also found that ERP systems like SAP were too expensive to implement in small and very small businesses. Therefore, many small and medium businesses adopt the Pastel solution at a fraction of the price of the standard ERP systems to manage their inventories.Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.
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Ravenel, John Bishop. "Applying human-machine interaction design principles to retrofit existing automated freight planning systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122253.
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Thesis: M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 66-70).
With the increased application of cognitive computing across the spectrum of industries, companies strive to ready their people and machines for future system change. Based on resource constraints, business needs, and the speed of change, many companies may opt for system augmentation rather than the adoption of entirely new systems. At the same time, changes in technology are increasing at paces never before realized. Against this backdrop, human actors and machines are working together interactively in new and increasing ways. Further, recent business model innovations, particularly in the retail space, have cast focus on logistics execution as a potential major competitive advantage. In this context, we considered the conceptual question of how best to iteratively improve a logistics planning system, which is composed of both human and machine actors, to reduce transportation and labor costs and increase the ability of the organization to think and act strategically.
In order to front these current technological realities - the need to stage for agent based systems and cognitive computing, the likelihood of system retrofit over rebuild, the ever increasing rate of change, and the rapid intertwining of human and machine roles - we proposed using human-machine interaction (HMI) design paradigms to retrofit an existing loosely coupled human-machine planning system. While HMI principles are normally applied to tightly coupled systems such as jet airplanes, the HMI architectural design applied novelly in this case showed significant application to an existing loosely coupled planning system. In addition to meeting the realities of today's competitive landscape, the developed HMI framework is tailored to a retrofit situation and also meets resiliency considerations. That novel conceptual proposal of HMI frameworks to an existing loosely coupled joint cognitive planning system shows tremendous promise to address these imminent realities.
With regards to the particular freight planning system considered, 71% of manual interventions were caused by the wrong sourcing facility being assigned to supply pallets to a customer. The remaining intervention causes were carrier changes 18%, customer restrictions 9%, and one change prompted by a data discrepancy. Further, at a conceptual level, the application of HMI frameworks to an existing freight planning system was effective at isolating data and alignment incongruences, displayed lower communication costs than recurrent system rework processes, and tethered well with system resiliency factors.
by John Bishop Ravenel.
M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management
M.Eng.inSupplyChainManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program
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Petersen, Brian J. (Brian Jude). "Reverse supply chain forecasting and decision modeling for improved inventory management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80988.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; and, (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-71).
This thesis details research performed during a six-month engagement with Verizon Wireless (VzW) in the latter half of 2012. The key outcomes are a forecasting model and decision-support framework to improve management of VzW's reverse supply chain inventory. The forecasting model relies on a reliability engineering formulation and incorporates a learning component to allow incremental forecast improvement throughout the device lifecycle. The decision-support model relies on Monte Carlo simulations to quantify the uncertainty and risk associated with different inventory management policies. These tools provide VzW stakeholders with a full-lifecycle perspective so that inventory planners can avoid costly end-of-life underages and overages. Prior to this effort, inventory planners at VzW relied on a three month returns forecast despite the fact that customers can return devices more than three years after launch. The decision-support model replaces existing heuristics to improve inventory management. Model efficacy is demonstrated through case studies. For a variety of representative SKUs, the returns forecast model is found to predict cumulative lifecycle returns within 10% using data available six months from launch. Had inventory been managed according to the policies recommended by the decision support model instead of policies from existing heuristics, VzW could have avoided an end-of-life stockout of more than 20,000 devices for a particular SKU.
by Brian J. Petersen.
M.B.A.
S.M.
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Ozpamukcu, Serkan. "An Assessment Of A Two-echelon Inventory System Againstalternative Systems." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613949/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, we focus on a real life problem that involves a single item which is
used in military operations. The items in use fail according to a Poisson process
and lead times are deterministic. Four alternative inventory control models are
developed. Among these models, a two-echelon system consisting of a depot in
the upper and several bases in the lower echelon is operated currently. This
system is compared to a single-echelon system that consists of several bases. The
comparison reveals the importance of the holding cost incurred for the items intransit
between the depot and the base which is ignored in most of the studies in
literature. Both the two and single-echelon models are also extended to have
repair ability. A continuous-review base-stock policy is used for all models.
Exact models are formulated. The results are obtained under various lead time,
unit costs and demand parameters. Results of four different settings are compared
and the findings are reported.
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Lo, Billy S. (Billy Si Yee). "Inventory optimization in an aerospace supply chain." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39678.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-67).
Strategic inventory management has become a major focus for Honeywell Aerospace as the business unit challenged itself to meeting cost reduction goals while maintaining a high level of service to its customers. This challenge has become particularly important as customers have steered their purchase decisions from focusing only on capability and quality to including cost performance as well. To do so, Honeywell Aerospace's Planning and Asset Management group is undertaking a three-year effort to re-engineer its inventory planning systems with the goal of increasing planner productivity, improving supply chain responsiveness, and reducing overall inventory. This internship forms the building blocks of this strategy by leveraging existing software available in the industry and applying it to Honeywell's supply chain. Through two pilot programs with different supply chain designs, this internship analyzed the cost and benefit of transforming the company's inventory management strategy. In addition, this internship attempts to identify the challenges associated with such an enormous change, compare them with challenges with implementation in other industries in order to prepare management for full implementation across all product lines. These challenges range from leadership buy-in and information readiness to implementation feasibility both within Honeywell manufacturing and its suppliers.
by Billy S. Lo.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Oosthuizen, Francois. "A maintenance strategy for a network of automated fluid management systems / by Francois Oosthuizen." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9188.
Full textAbstract:
The current economic climate in South Africa requires organisations to optimise available resources – human and otherwise – to successfully sustain business operations. This is especially true for the growing SMME sector in South Africa.
Organisations utilising hydrocarbon based products for input products into their respective process - specifically fuels and lubricants – face an even greater challenge in optimising resource usage as fuel and lubricant prices have increased substantially over the last decade. Automated and advanced technological solutions to properly and effectively manage these fuel and lubricant resources must be employed within organisations. This is critical as fuel and lubricants can constitute a large part of the annual expenditure within an organisation. Such organisations can include:
• Mining operations
• Transport operations
• Agricultural operations
• Maritime operations
Newcom Fluid Management has developed a Fuel & Fluid Management Solution which consists of an electronic control system and various other elements to assist organisations in managing these fuel and lubricant resources. The Newcom FMS makes use of physical hardware on the client’s site as well as an internet based software system to control, monitor and report on all fuel and lubricant usages. There is also a large human resource element behind the system which continuously maintains these remote systems such that clients can enjoy the availability of fuels and lubricants when desired.
The Newcom FMS must be properly maintained and resources optimised to allow Newcom to not only make a profit, but to stay competitive in the market place by providing clients with a sustainable and available solution. Therefore a properly researched maintenance management strategy must be developed for Newcom and the Newcom FMS solution to ensure that not only the client’s resources are optimised, but also Newcom’s resources in order to maintain the Newcom FMS.
The aim of this research was to:
• Research the theory behind maintenance management;
• Identify and develop a sustainable maintenance strategy for the Newcom FMS solution taking into account the success factors as required by Newcom;
• Test the experimental strategy and the current maintenance program at current Newcom clients and capture data on the two strategies employed;
• Analyse and compare the experimental data to determine the effectiveness of the experimental maintenance strategy versus the corrective strategy;
• Provide the experimental maintenance strategy “product” to Newcom along with the data obtained in the experiment as well as the recommendations on the way forward with the data obtained from the experiment serving as inputs.
The parameters which were measured in the experiment were:
• System availability;
• Strategy expenditure and
• Resources usage.
The parameters were selected by Newcom as being the most pertinent to their current operational environment. Achieving success in these areas would effectively increase the probability of a successful maintenance management strategy for Newcom.
• The experimental data was captured for the period the experiment was executed for. This data was analysed, the results were interpreted aThesis (MIng (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Church, Stuart Michael. "Energy management system for the diagnosis and control of an automatic guided vehicle." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4798.
Full textAbstract:
With the increase in electronic equipment implemented in various systems, as well as the increase in calculating power that these devices offer, designers are being empowered to make use of this power in real-time systems to diagnose and protect the systems themselves. This reasoning is too compounded by the focus on efficiency and safety in the design of complex systems, as well as the increasing expense and sensitivity of the electronic components themselves. With this in mind, this dissertation aims at developing a comprehensive measurement, control and reaction system for the electrical diagnosis and ultimately optimisation of complex electrical and electronic systems. This system will serve as a real-time diagnosis tool, which will enable the real-time diagnosis of various components in an electro-mechanical system, which can then be interpreted to determine the working state of the various components. Another sphere of this project will involve the accurate monitoring of the battery status as well as actively balancing the series connected batteries. The focus on the batteries will seek to prolong the life of the batteries, while being able to squeeze as much capacity out of them. The initial design and testing will be based on an AGV system implemented at VWSA, however a main goal throughout the design process will be modularity, i.e. the ease of implementation of this system in other systems. The key technologies used in the development of this system will still comprise of the components used in the original AGV, however new prototype components sourced from Microcare are used for the battery management system, while current sensors directly connected to the PLC’s analog input ports will be used for the active monitoring of currents distributed through the AGV.
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Ardjmand, Ehsan. "An Interactive Intelligent Decision Support System for Integration of Inventory, Planning, Scheduling and Revenue Management." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1427299338.
Full text
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Payne, Katherine Carl. "Automated Route Generation for Bicycle Tours of the United States." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333502.
Full textAbstract:
Planning a multi-day bicycle tour is a time intensive and difficult task. To enable cyclists to construct their own multi-day tour routes, we propose an automated system which, given an origin, destination, and points of interest, generates detailed bicycle tour routes of minimal perceived exertion. This dissertation is comprised of three bodies of work contained in chapters 2, 3, and 4, respectively. In the first work, chapter 2, we build and test a model of the perceived exertion of different categories of cyclists on a daily path within a long bicycle tour. We first propose an additive formula for calculating the perceived exertion of cyclists on component parts of a tour and then present the results of a survey designed to verify the accuracy of the model. In the second work, chapter 3, we describe an algorithmic procedure for transforming a traditional road graph into a topographical graph. To that end we use polyline data from the OpenStreetMap (OSM), elevation data from the U.S. Geological Survey, and a model of perceived exertion for bicyclists of different levels of expertise. Our topographical graph allows for the calculation of the perceived exertion over any sequence of road segments (a path) for bicyclists of different levels of expertise and serves as input for generating paths of minimal perceived exertion. In the final work, chapter 4, we describe a procedure for constructing bicycle routes of minimal perceived exertion for cyclists of different levels of expertise over a multi-day tour. Given a cyclists origin, destination, selected points of interest, and a level of cycling expertise, this procedure generates a multi-day bicycle tour as a collection of successive daily paths that begin and end at overnight accommodations. We demonstrate the implementation of this procedure on an example multi-day tour route in California and present the results of a survey designed to evaluate the daily paths constructed. In summation, this dissertation contributes a new metric of perceived exertion for bicycle riders, a new topographical graph, and a procedure for constructing multi-day bicycle tour routes of minimal perceived exertion for bicyclists of different levels of expertise.
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Schlanser, Matthew R. (Matthew Ross). "Optimization of surgical supply inventory and kitting." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81019.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 56).
This project centered on inventory optimization for operative custom surgical packs and soft good supplies for Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), a 947-bed medical center. Custom surgical packs are used in every surgical case and delivered to the hospital by a vendor who manufactures them off site. These large packs contain unwrapped surgical items (drapes, gown, sutures, etc.) delivered to each operating room prior to the start of surgery. Once a surgical pack is opened, the items inside are consumed or wasted. MGH uses the custom packs to reduce the amount of time warehouse associates spend picking individual items and to reduce preparation time in the operating rooms prior to the patient arriving. To augment the custom packs, individually packaged and sterilized items (called soft goods) are requested by the surgeon for each case. Specific case information, surgeon's preferences for materials, and patient needs dictate these soft good supply requirements. Soft goods are ordered from separate vendors and together with the custom packs comprise a surgeon's preference card. The hospital orders custom packs and soft goods with the intent to keep three days of supply on hand or to fill shelf space, whichever is greater. This situation triggers bloated and redundant inventory stores throughout MGH. Despite the sub-optimality of this policy, no analysis had informed hospital leadership of the correct levels of inventory or the best ways to cover preference cards. To solve these challenges, we formalized an optimization model that minimized the purchasing and holding costs of custom packs and soft goods while satisfying the supply requirements of all preference cards. As an input, the model used all current pack configurations and new pack configurations born from the overlaps of current surgical packs. Base stock reductions are achievable through covering "sibling" procedures with the new combined pack configurations and picking displaced items as soft goods. The model results revealed a modular pack structure as the most cost effective method to cover all preference cards. The new modular pack structure prescribed replacing 14 of the 65 current packs with 16 smaller packs to reduce overall value of inventory on hand. Currently, we estimate that this work will save the hospital in excess of $1.3M annually by reducing inventory on the shelf and lowering associated holding costs through risk pooling.
by Matthew R. Schlanser.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Teske, Alexander. "Automated Risk Management Framework with Application to Big Maritime Data." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38567.
Full textAbstract:
Risk management is an essential tool for ensuring the safety and timeliness of maritime operations and transportation. Some of the many risk factors that can compromise the smooth operation of maritime activities include harsh weather and pirate activity. However, identifying and quantifying the extent of these risk factors for a particular vessel is not a trivial process. One challenge is that processing the vast amounts of automatic identification system (AIS) messages generated by the ships requires significant computational resources. Another is that the risk management process partially relies on human expertise, which can be timeconsuming and error-prone.
In this thesis, an existing Risk Management Framework (RMF) is augmented to address these issues. A parallel/distributed version of the RMF is developed to e ciently process large volumes of AIS data and assess the risk levels of the corresponding vessels in near-real-time. A genetic fuzzy system is added to the RMF's Risk Assessment module in order to automatically learn the fuzzy rule base governing the risk assessment process, thereby reducing the reliance on human domain experts. A new weather risk feature is proposed, and an existing regional hostility feature is extended to automatically learn about pirate activity by ingesting unstructured news articles and incident reports. Finally, a geovisualization tool is developed to display the position and risk levels of ships at sea. Together, these contributions pave the way towards truly automatic risk management, a crucial component of modern maritime solutions. The outcomes of this thesis will contribute to enhance Larus Technologies' Total::Insight, a risk-aware decision support system successfully deployed in maritime scenarios.