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Journal articles on the topic 'Automatic ball balancer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 23 June 2025

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1

Wang, Ming Cheng, and Chung Jen Lu. "Comparison of One-Unit Ball-Rod-Spring Balancer with Traditional Ball-Type Automatic Balancer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.395.

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Ball-type automatic balancers have been applied successfully to suppress unbalance vibrations of a rotor. A traditional ball-type automatic balancer consists of several balls moving along a fixed circular orbit. A new type of balancer, the ball-rod-spring balancer, in which the ball may move in the radial direction as well as in circumferential direction, has been proposed. This study aims to compare the performance of the new type of balancer with the traditional ball-type auto-balancer.

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2

VAN DE WOUW, N., M. N. VAN DEN HEUVEL, H. NIJMEIJER, and J. A. VAN ROOIJ. "PERFORMANCE OF AN AUTOMATIC BALL BALANCER WITH DRY FRICTION." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 15, no. 01 (2005): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127405012016.

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In many industrial applications imbalance is a major cause for unwanted vibrations. One way to compensate for an unknown imbalance is the implementation of an automatic ball balancer. Oil-lubricated automatic ball balancers are applied in hand-held tools and washers. However, in applications such as optical drives fluid lubrication is highly undesirable since it may destroy the optical system upon leakage. Therefore, in this paper, the balancing performance of an automatic ball balancer without fluid lubrication is investigated. The absence of fluid lubrication gives rise to dry friction phenomena which cause the existence of equilibrium sets of the balls in the automatic ball balancer. A model of the system with dry friction, modeled by a set-valued force law, is built based on dedicated experiments. The resulting equilibrium sets and their dependency on system parameters are studied and the consequences for the balancing performance is assessed. Based on these results, it can be concluded that in parts of such equilibrium sets the balancing performance deteriorates when compared to the system without automatic ball balancer; in other words, the balancing performance is endangered by the presence of dry friction. This conclusion is supported by both numerical and experimental results.

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3

Kim, W., and J. Chung. "Performance of automatic ball balancers on optical disc drives." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 216, no. 11 (2002): 1071–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440602761609443.

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The balancing performance of an automatic ball balancer fitted on the spindle motor of optical disc drives, for instance CD-ROM or DVD drives, is analysed. It is well known that the operating speed of an optical disc drive with an automatic ball balancer should be higher than the translational natural frequency of the system to be balanced. However, the influence of the rotational natural frequency on the performance of automatic ball balancers has not yet been investigated. In this study, considering not only the translational but also the rotational motion of the system, the non-linear equations of motion are derived using Lagrange's equation. Applying a perturbation method to the non-linear equations, the linearized equations. Applying a perturbation method to the non-linear equations, the linearized equations in the neighbourhood of a balanced equilibrium position are obtained. These equations have time-dependent periodic coefficients, which require application of the Floquet theory for stability analysis. From the stability analysis the effects of the stiffness and damping of rubber suspensions on the automatic ball balancer's performance are evaluated for the variation of operating speed. To verify the results, time responses are also computed from the non-linear equations. It is finally found that the natural frequency of not only the translational but also the rotational motion has an influence on the balancing performance of automatic ball balancers.

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4

Zhang, Xiao Long, Ya Bin Dong, Yu Min He, and Mei Juan Tong. "Forced Vibration of Rotor Suppressed by a Automatic Ball Balancer (Nonlinear Principal Resonances)." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.551.

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The automatic ball balancer is equipment used to balance the rotor system online and control its forced vibration. Although the rotor system is a nonlinear system actually, especially the occurrence of the nonlinear elastic restoring force in the support of rolling elements bearings, many researches still focus on the linear rotor systems at present. The Jeffcott rotor acted by unsymmetrical nonlinear restoring force is studied in this paper. Through the resolving theoretically and simulating numerically, the principal resonance respond of the rotor system controlled by the balancer with two balls and its stability are studied, while the vibration characteristics and movement laws of the rotor and balls in every rotary speed region are analyzed. The results showed that the balancer can suppress the principal vibration of the nonlinear rotor system in high speed region very well.

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5

Wang, Ming-Cheng, and Chih-Ling Huang. "3D Dynamics Deduction and the Spatial Geometric Characteristics of Ball Balance Positioning in Automatic Ball Balancers." Applied Sciences 14, no. 1 (2023): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14010143.

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In order to explore the geometric characteristics of the dynamic balance positions of balls in any orbit in space, this paper first deduces the dynamic equilibrium equations of an eccentric rotor system with the automatic ball balancer (ABB) skew, mounted with a deflection angle from the perspective of three-dimensional (3D) dynamics. The results obtained are consistent with those derived from the Euler–Lagrange equations. It is exciting that the spatial dynamics method reveals the spatial-geometric characteristics of dynamic balance positioning of the balls when the system is balanced with vibration suppression. Then, through spatial geometric inference, it is proved that the balance positioning of any ball in an arbitrary curved track is characterized. This characteristic indicates that the perpendicular line from any balance position to the rotating spindle of the system must pass through the central axis of curvature of the track at that position. Finally, spatial graphics and numerical analysis are used to verify the theoretical correctness. The characteristics are general rules that can explain the phenomena of the stable equilibrium positions of the balls in previous studies under ideal assumptions.

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6

Wang, Ming-Cheng, and Chung-Jen Lu. "Dynamic Characteristics of a One-Unit Ball-Rod-Spring Balancer." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 129, no. 4 (2007): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2748462.

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The traditional ball-type automatic balancer consisting of several balls moving on a circular orbit is widely used in the optical disk drive industry for vibration reduction. Under proper working conditions, the balls can counterbalance the imbalance of a disk by positioning to appropriate angles relative to the mass center of the disk. This particular equilibrium position is referred to as the perfect balancing position. The proper working conditions are closely related to the stability of the perfect balancing position, which, in turn, depends on the parameters of the system, such as rotational speed, imbalance ratio, and damping ratios. To achieve perfect balancing, the system parameters must lie in the stable region of the perfect balancing position in the parameter space. An automatic balancer with a wider stable region can tolerate a larger amount of variations in the system parameters and hence is more robust. In this study, we propose a modified ball-type balancer composed of several ball-rod-spring units. In each unit, the ball can slide along the rod while the rod rotates freely about the spindle. The ball’s displacement along the rod is restrained by a radial spring. The additional degree of freedom in the radial direction could broaden the stable region of the perfect balancing position. To understand the fundamental properties of the modified balancer, we studied the dynamic characteristics of a modified balancer with one ball-rod-spring unit. Specifically, we built a theoretical model for an optical disk drive packed with the modified balancer, and investigated how equilibrium positions and the associated stability are related to primary system parameters and the effects of the stiffness of the radial spring on the stable region of the perfect balancing position. Numerical results indicate that the ball-rod-spring balancer may possess a larger stable region of the perfect balancing position compared to the traditional fixed-orbit balancer.

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7

Sohn, Jin-Seung, Jin Woo Lee, Eun-Hyoung Cho, No-Cheol Park, and Young-Pil Park. "Dynamic Analysis of a Pendulum Dynamic Automatic Balancer." Shock and Vibration 14, no. 2 (2007): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/452357.

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The automatic dynamic balancer is a device to reduce the vibration from unbalanced mass of rotors. Instead of considering prevailing ball automatic dynamic balancer, pendulum automatic dynamic balancer is analyzed. For the analysis of dynamic stability and behavior, the nonlinear equations of motion for a system are derived with respect to polar coordinates by the Lagrange's equations. The perturbation method is applied to investigate the dynamic behavior of the system around the equilibrium position. Based on the linearized equations, the dynamic stability of the system around the equilibrium positions is investigated by the eigenvalue analysis.The stability analysis provides the design requirements for the pendulum automatic dynamic balancer to achieve a balancing of the system. The efficiency of ball automatic dynamic balancer, for reducing the total vibration of the system, is better than one of pendulum automatic balancer, if the rotating speed is above critical speed. However, pendulum automatic dynamic balancer can achieve balancing even if the rotating speed is below critical speed.The time response analysis demonstrates the stability analysis from computing the radial displacement of the rotating system and the positions of pendulums. Furthermore, in order to confirm the theoretical analysis, various experiments are made on pendulum automatic dynamic balancer.

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8

ISHIDA, Yukio, Jun LIU, Xiaolong ZHANG, and Tomonori MATSUURA. "648 Automatic Ball Balancer With Partition Walls." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2008 (2008): _648–1_—_648–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2008._648-1_.

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9

Lu, Chung-Jen. "Stability Analysis of a Single-Ball Automatic Balancer." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 128, no. 1 (2005): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2149398.

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Under proper working conditions, a ball-type automatic balancer can effectively reduce the imbalance vibrations of an optical disk drive. The proper working conditions can be determined by a stability analysis of the equilibrium states of the nonlinear system formed by the rotating disk, balancer, and suspension system. Several attempts have been made to study the stability of the equilibrium states numerically in some finite regions of the relevant parameter space. This paper in contrast analytically investigates the stability characteristics of the equilibrium states. A theoretical model of an optical disk drive packed with an automatic balancer is constructed first. The governing equations of the theoretical model are derived using Lagrange’s equations and closed-form formulas for the equilibrium positions are presented. Finally, general guidelines on the stability of the equilibrium states are proposed.

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10

Chan, T. C., C. K. Sung, and Paul C. P. Chao. "Non-linear suspension of an automatic ball balancer." International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 46, no. 2 (2011): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2010.11.001.

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11

ISHIDA, Yukio, Tomonori MATSUURA, and XiaoLong ZHANG. "536 Efficiency Improvement of an Automatic Ball Balancer." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2009 (2009): _536–1_—_536–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2009._536-1_.

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12

Pakuła, Sebastian. "Numerical effectiveness investigation of the automatic ball balancer with a deep chamber." Acta Mechanica 232, no. 8 (2021): 3067–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00707-021-02982-x.

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AbstractThe article describes the simulation results of an unbalanced rotary machine with an automatic ball balancer with a deep chamber (ABB-DC) based on a mathematical model of such a system. The ABB chamber has a cylindrical shape and is filled with balls that can move freely in general motion. The model takes into account mutual collisions between the balls, as well as between the balls and the chamber. The model also includes friction forces and rolling resistance. The comparison of simulation results performed with two different construction types of the chamber, classic single-layer drum (ABB-SC) and ABB-DC, confirmed the better efficiency of the ABB-DC in the optimal range of the number of balls. The machine body movement was limited to planar motion. The correctness of such a limitation has been verified by analyzing waveforms of reaction forces of constraints and their moments. Waveforms were divided into transient and steady states. The results of the analysis indicate the additional constraints do not significantly affect machine body movements. However, this might affect the ball arranging process in the ABB chamber. The paper also presents details of performing numerical simulations based on the developed mathematical model and numerical tests to determine the optimal integration time-step.

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13

Lee, Jongkil, and W. K. Van Moorhem. "Analytical and Experimental Analysis of a Self-Compensating Dynamic Balancer in a Rotating Mechanism." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 118, no. 3 (1996): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801169.

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A theoretical and experimental approach was used to investigate the motion and effectiveness of a Self-Compensating Dynamic Balancer (SCDB). This is a device intended to minimize the effects of rotor imbalance and vibratory forces on a rotating system during normal operation. The basic concept of an automatic dynamic balancer has been described in many U.S. patents. The SCDB is composed of a circular disk with a groove containing massive balls and a low viscosity damping fluid. The objective of this research is to determine the motion of the balls and how this ball motion is related to the vibration of the rotating system using both theoretical and experimental methods. The equations of motion the balls were derived by the Lagrangian method. Static and dynamic solutions were derived from the analytic model. To consider dynamic stability of the motion, perturbation equations were investigated by two different methods: Floquet theory and direct computer simulation. On the basis of the results of the stability investigation, ball positions which result in a balance system are stable above the critical speed and unstable at critical speed and below critical speed. To determine the actual critical speed of the rotating system used in the experimental work, a modal analysis was conducted. Experimental results confirm the predicted ball positions. Based on the theoretical and experimental results, when the system operates below and near the first critical speed, the balls do not balance the system. However, when the system operates above the first critical speed the balls can balance the system.

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14

Makram, Michael, Ahmed Nemnem, and Mohamed Khalil. "Effect of Automatic Ball Balancer on Unbalanced Rotor Vibration." Journal of Engineering Science and Military Technologies 17, no. 17 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejmtc.2018.21601.

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15

Makram, Michael, Ahmed Nemnem, and Mohamed Khalil. "Effect of Automatic Ball Balancer on Unbalanced Rotor Vibration." International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology 17, AEROSPACE SCIENCES (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asat.2017.22757.

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16

Lu, Chung-Jen, and Ming-Cheng Wang. "Stability analysis of a ball–rod–spring automatic balancer." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 53, no. 10 (2011): 846–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2011.07.005.

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17

Chao, Paul C. P., Cheng-Kuo Sung, and Hui-Chung Leu. "Effects of Rolling Friction of the Balancing Balls on the Automatic Ball Balancer for Optical Disk Drives." Journal of Tribology 127, no. 4 (2005): 845–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2032992.

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This study is devoted to evaluating the performance of an automatic ball-type balance system (ABB) installed in optical disk drives (ODDs) with consideration of the rolling friction between the balancing balls and the ball-containing race of the ABB. Research has been conducted to study the performance of the ABB by investigating the nonlinear dynamics of the system; however, the model adopted to describe the rolling friction between the balancing balls and their race was a simple stick-slip type, which does not reflect the realistic contact dynamics, leading to an inaccuracy in predicting ABB performance. In this study, a complete dynamic model of the ABB including a detailed rolling friction model for the balls based on Hertzian contact mechanics and hysteresis loss is established. The method of multiple scales is then applied to formulate a scaled model to find all possible steady-state ball positions and analyze stabilities. It is found that possible steady-state residing positions of the ball inside the race are multiple and form continuous ranges. Numerical simulations and experiments are conducted to verify the theoretical findings, especially for the rolling friction model. The obtained results are used to predict the level of residual vibration, with which the guidelines on dimension design and material choices of the ABB are distilled to achieve desired performance.

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18

Green, K., A. R. Champneys, M. I. Friswell, and A. M. Muñoz. "Investigation of a multi-ball, automatic dynamic balancing mechanism for eccentric rotors." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, no. 1866 (2007): 705–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2123.

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This paper concerns an analytical and experimental investigation into the dynamics of an automatic dynamic balancer (ADB) designed to quench vibration in eccentric rotors. This fundamentally nonlinear device incorporates several balancing masses that are free to rotate in a circumferentially mounted ball race. An earlier study into the steady state and transient response of the device with two balls is extended to the case of an arbitrary number of balls. Using bifurcation analysis allied to numerical simulation of a fully nonlinear model, the question is addressed of whether increasing the number of balls is advantageous. It is found that it is never possible to perfectly balance the device at rotation speeds comparable with or below the first natural, bending frequency of the rotor. When considering practical implementation of the device, a modification is suggested where individual balls are contained in separate arcs of the ball race, with rigid partitions separating each arc. Simulation results for a partitioned ADB are compared with those from an experimental rig. Close qualitative and quantitative match is found between the theory and the experiment, confirming that for sub-resonant rotation speeds, the ADB at best makes no difference to the imbalance, and can make things substantially worse. Further related configurations worthy of experimental and numerical investigation are proposed.

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19

Lubov, Olijnichenko, Hruban Vasil, Lichuk Mihail, and Pirogov Vladimir. "ON THE LIMITED ACCURACY OF BALANCING THE AXIAL FAN IMPELLER BY AUTOMATIC BALL BALANCERS." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 1 (91) (2018): 27–32. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2018.123025.

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The study explores the process of dynamic balancing of the impeller of an axial fan VО 06-300 (Ukraine) by two automatic ball balancers. The computer simulation of the dynamics of the fan in the absence and presence of automatic balancers has confirmed the qualitative results of a previously conducted field full-scale experiment. Thus, the presence of automatic balancers reduces the following: – the mean square value of the vibration velocity in the segment from the rotor start to the beginning of automatic balancing, – the vibration velocity values at two resonant peaks when the rotor is running down, and – the peaks of the vibration velocities in the section of the start of automatic balancing (74 times in the 3D modelling; 5.4 times in the field experiment). The computer simulation of the dynamics of the axial fan with the «on» and «off» gravity forces has allowed determining the following: – the effect of gravity on the accuracy of balancing the impeller decreases rapidly with increasing the cruising speed of the impeller, – when increasing the forces of viscous resistance to the motion of the balls, the effect of gravity on the accuracy of the rotor balancing increases; – at low speeds of rotation (15 r/s), the impeller can be balanced not better than by accuracy class G 2.5, but at the rated speed of 25 r/s, it is balanced according to accuracy class G 1. Herewith, the residual vibration velocities that are caused only by gravity decrease with increasing the rotor speed. The residual vibration velocities that are caused only by the eccentricities of the raceways increase directly proportionally to the rotor speed. Therefore, fast-turning rotors need a more precise installation of automatic balancers. It is recommended to reduce the eccentricity of the raceway of the automatic balancer at least 2.5 times in relation to the maximum permissible value. Residual vibration velocities in the automatic balancing mode (up to 3 mm/s) on the test fan are mostly caused by gravity. The probable causes of residual vibration velocities are eccentricities of the raceways of the automatic balancers, standstill of the balls (lack of reaction to small unbalances), etc. Therefore, residual vibration velocities can be reduced at the stages of manufacturing and installing automatic balancers into a fan

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20

Jwa, Seong-Hun, Eun-Hyeong Jo, Jin-Seung Son, Jun-Min Park, and Jin-Tae Jeong. "Dynamic Analysis of an Automatic Ball Balancer with Triple Races." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 26, no. 4 (2002): 764–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2002.26.4.764.

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21

Cheol-Ho, HWANG, and CHUNG Jintai. "Dynamic Analysis of an Automatic Ball Balancer with Double Races." JSME International Journal Series C 42, no. 2 (1999): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmec.42.265.

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22

ISHIDA, Yukio, XiaoLong ZHANG, Jun LIU, and Tsuyoshi INOUE. "647 Suppression of Nonlinear Resonances by an Automatic Ball Balancer." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2008 (2008): _647–1_—_647–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2008._647-1_.

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23

Cho, Young Jin, and Gun Hee Jang. "Automatic Ball Balancer Using Permanent Magnets to Reduce Transient Vibration." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 53, no. 11 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2017.2713799.

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24

Rezaee, Mousa, Mir Mohammad Ettefagh, and Reza Fathi. "Dynamics and Stability of Non-Planar Rigid Rotor Equipped with Two Ball-Spring Autobalancers." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 19, no. 02 (2019): 1950001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455419500019.

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Recently, a new type of automatic ball balancer (ABB), called the ball-spring autobalancer (AB), has been proposed, which substantially eliminates the drawbacks of the traditional ABBs. In previous studies, the dynamics of the Jeffcott planar rotor equipped with ball-spring AB has been investigated. In the Jeffcott model, it is assumed that the ABB is located on the plane of the unbalance disk. However, for the non-planar rigid rotor with distributed imbalances, out-of-plane motions may occur, and the Jeffcott model becomes unreliable as the tilting motion cannot be explained. To this end, the aim of this paper is to analyze the capability of the ball-spring AB in balancing non-planar rotors and to reconfirm its pre-claimed advantages over the traditional ABBs for balancing non-planar rotors. To start, the mathematical model of the rigid rotor with two ball-spring ABs is established, based on which the nonlinear equations of motion are derived. Then, the system time responses are computed numerically and the balanced stable regions are acquired by the Lyapunov’s first method. The results of this study show that the ball-spring ABs can balance the non-planar rotors and the tilting motion does not impair the pre-claimed advantages of the ball-spring AB.

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25

Zaytsev, Nikolay, Denis Zaytsev, Andrey Makarov, and Dmitriy Mineev. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE DYNAMICS OF A FLEXIBLE ROTOR WITH TWO BALL AUTO-BALANCERS." Perm National Research Polytechnic University Aerospace Engineering Bulletin, no. 62 (2020): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9982/2020.62.04.

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Ball auto-balancing devices can to compensate changes of unbalance "on the move" only for rotors operating at supercritical speeds. For automatic balancing of such rotors, classified as flexible rotors, several auto-balancers located in different cross sections of the shaft are necessary. This makes it necessary to account bending fluctuations on studies of dynamics of the rotor with auto-balancers, that is especially important in the design of the real rotors. In view of the complexity of experimental studies of such rotors in the article the method of direct numerical simulation of the dynamics of the flexible rotor system – supports – auto-balances is considered. The methodological basis of this method is the use of a discrete multi-mass rotor model, which is equivalent in dynamic characteristics to a real rotor, and also the equations of dynamics of the system discrete rotor – supports – auto-balancers, obtained in the direct form of recording. For definition of discrete masses and a matrix of coefficients of influence of stiffness of rotor cross-sections it is supposed to use calculations for finite-element model of a real rotor by existing software complexes of the engineering analysis. The mathematical model of the system dynamics obtained by the Lagrange method takes into account the non-stationarity of the rotor rotation speed, the influence of gravity and the rolling friction of the balls in the auto-balancer cages. Verification of the mathematical model was performed by reproducing the published data using a computational model for a two-support single-disk three-mass rotor with a two-ball auto-balancer. For a four-mass rotor with two two-ball auto-balancers, the results of numerical simulation of dynamics for the modes of acceleration, steady-state rotation and deceleration are presented. It is shown that for the system under consideration, only partial auto-balancing takes place in the steady rotation mode, including after a stepwise increase of the imbalance.

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26

Chung, J. "Effect of gravity and angular velocity on an automatic ball balancer." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 219, no. 1 (2005): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440605x8333.

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The effects of gravity and an angular velocity profile on the performance of an automatic ball balancer (ABB) are studied in this paper. In order to investigate these effects, a physical model of a Jeffcott rotor with an ABB is adopted in this study, in which gravity as well as the angular acceleration is considered. With the polar coordinates, the non-linear equations of motion are derived by using Lagrange's equation. These equations include gravity, the angular acceleration, and the angular jerk. Based on the equations derived, time responses are computed by using the generalized α method. The effects of gravity on the balancing performance are analysed. For various angular velocity profiles, the ABB performance is also evaluated. The analysis of results shows that the balancing of the rotor with an ABB can be achieved regardless of gravity. It is also shown that a smooth velocity profile results in less vibration compared with a non-smooth velocity profile.

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27

Sung, C. K., T. C. Chan, C. P. Chao, and C. H. Lu. "Influence of external excitations on ball positioning of an automatic balancer." Mechanism and Machine Theory 69 (November 2013): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2013.05.009.

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28

Rezaee, Mousa, and Reza Fathi. "A new design for automatic ball balancer to improve its performance." Mechanism and Machine Theory 94 (December 2015): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2015.08.008.

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29

Haidar, Ahmad M., and Jose L. Palacios. "Modified ball-type automatic balancer for rotating shafts: Analysis and experiment." Journal of Sound and Vibration 496 (March 2021): 115927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2020.115927.

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30

Lu, Chung-Jen, Ming-Cheng Wang, and Shih-Hsuan Huang. "Analytical study of the stability of a two-ball automatic balancer." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 23, no. 3 (2009): 884–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2008.06.008.

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31

Michalczyk, Jerzy, and Sebastian Pakuła. "Phase control of the transient resonance of the automatic ball balancer." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 72-73 (May 2016): 254–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.11.001.

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32

Chao, Paul C. P., Cheng-Kuo Sung, and Chun-Chieh Wang. "Dynamic Analysis of the Optical Disk Drives Equipped with an Automatic Ball Balancer with Consideration of Torsional Motions." Journal of Applied Mechanics 72, no. 6 (2005): 826–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2041659.

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This study is dedicated to evaluate the performance of an automatic ball-type balancer system (ABS) installed in optical disk drives (ODDs) with consideration of the relative torsional motion between the ODD case and the spindle-disk-ABS-turntable system, noting that the turntable is the supporting plate structure for disk, pickup, and spindle motor inside the ODD. To this end, a complete dynamic model of the ABS considering the torsional motion is established with assuming finite torsional stiffness of the damping washers, which provides suspension of the spindle-disk-ABS-turntable system to the ODD case. Considering the benchmark case of a pair of balancing balls in an ABS, the method of multiple scales is then applied to formulate a scaled model for finding all possible steady-state solutions of ball positions and analyzing corresponding stabilities. The results are used to predict the levels of residual vibration, with which the performance of the ABS can then be reevaluated. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify theoretical results. It is deduced from both analytical and numerical results that the spindle speed of an ODD could be operated above both primary translational and secondary torsional resonances in order to guarantee stabilization of the desired balanced solution for a substantial vibration reduction.

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33

Bykov, V. G., and A. S. Kovachev. "Dynamics of a Statically Unbalanced Rotor with an Elliptic Automatic Ball Balancer." Vestnik St. Petersburg University, Mathematics 52, no. 3 (2019): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063454119030075.

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34

Bykov, Vladimir G., and Alexander S. Kovachev. "Dynamics of a statically unbalanced rotor with an elliptic automatic ball balancer." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy 6(64), no. 3 (2019): 452–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu01.2019.310.

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Rezaee, Mousa, and Reza Fathi. "Improving the working performance of automatic ball balancer by modifying its mechanism." Journal of Sound and Vibration 358 (December 2015): 375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2015.08.009.

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Kim, Taekil, and Sungsoo Na. "New automatic ball balancer design to reduce transient-response in rotor system." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 37, no. 1-2 (2013): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.01.016.

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37

Chao, Paul C. P., Chi-Wei Chiu, and Kai-Teng Shih. "A Novel Low-Torque Ball Re-Positioning Scheme Based on a Sliding-Mode Ball Observer for an Automatic Balancer System." Shock and Vibration 15, no. 2 (2008): 101–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/196350.

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A novel low-torque ball re-positioning scheme based on a sliding-mode ball observer is developed in this study with the aim to precisely reside the rolling ball inside an automatic balancer system (ABS) to its desired position – 180 degree opposite to the inherent imbalance of the rotating system which the ABS is attached to. In this way, the ABS is capable of substantially reducing radial vibrations of the rotating system for a decent balancing. For preliminary feasibility, the case of a single ball is considered in this study. The first step is to establish the dynamic model of the system, which is followed by the analysis to ensure stability of the desired ball position. The second step is to forge a sliding-mode observer for estimating on-line position and velocity of the ball. With ball estimation capability, a low-torque speed regulator that essentially generates a series of speed drops to the neighborhood of suspension resonance is proposed to overcome practical ball rolling friction for residing the ball at the desired position. The design characteristic of low-torque required for the regulator is particularly suited to most of commercial spindle motors which can only output limited torques at high speeds. Finally, simulations and experiments are conducted for a benchmark problem of optical disc drives in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme of the sliding-mode observer and the low-torque speed regulator.

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Chan, T. C., C. K. Sung, and Paul C. P. Chao. "Friction effect on ball positioning of an automatic balancer in optical disk drives." Microsystem Technologies 18, no. 9-10 (2012): 1343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-012-1540-y.

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39

LIU, Jun, and Yukio ISHIDA. "321 Vibration Suppression of Rotating Machinery Utilizing Automatic Ball Balancer and Discontinuous Springs Characteristics." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2006 (2006): _321–1_—_321–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2006._321-1_.

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INOUE, Tsuyoshi, Hideaki NIIMI, and Yukio ISHIDA. "646 Vibration suppression of rotor systems using repulsive magnetic bearing and automatic ball balancer." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2008 (2008): _646–1_—_646–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2008._646-1_.

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CHUNG, J., and I. JANG. "DYNAMIC RESPONSE AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF AN AUTOMATIC BALL BALANCER FOR A FLEXIBLE ROTOR." Journal of Sound and Vibration 259, no. 1 (2003): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.2002.5137.

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Rezaee, Mousa, and Leila Ghorbanpour. "The nonlinear dynamic analysis of the ball-spring automatic balancer by the multiple scales method." Archive of Applied Mechanics 89, no. 11 (2019): 2229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00419-019-01573-6.

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43

Gennadiy, Filimonikhin, Olijnichenko Lubov, Strautmanis Guntis, et al. "Analytical study of auto-balancing within the framework of the flat model of a rotor and an auto-balancer with a single cargo." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 7 (110) (2021): 66–73. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.227583.

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This paper reports the analytically established conditions for the onset of auto-balancing for the case of a flat rotor model on isotropic elastic-viscous supports and an auto-balancer with a single load. The rotor is statically unbalanced, the rotation axis is vertical. The auto-balancer has a single cargo – a pendulum, a ball, or a roller. The balancing capacity of the cargo is equal to the rotor imbalance. The physical-mathematical model of the system is described. The differential equations of motion are recorded in dimensionless form relative to the coordinate system that rotates synchronously with the rotor. The so-called main movement has been found; in it, the cargo synchronously rotates with the rotor and balances it. The differential equations of motion are linearized in the neighborhood of the main movement. A characteristic equation has been constructed. It helped investigate the stability of the main movement (an auto-balancing mode) for the cases of the absence and presence of resistance forces in the system. It was established that in the absence of resistance forces in the system: – the rotor has three characteristic rotational speeds, and the first always coincides with the resonance frequency; – auto-balancing occurs when the rotor rotates at speeds between the first and second ones, and above the third characteristic speed; – the value of the second and third characteristic speeds is significantly influenced by the ratio of weight to the mass of the system; – the second and third characteristic speeds monotonously increase with an increase in the ratio of cargo weight to the mass of the system. Resistance forces significantly affect both the values of the second and third characteristic speeds and the conditions of their existence. Small resistance forces do not change the quality behavior of the system. With high resistance forces, the number of characteristic speeds decreases to one. The paper reports the results applicable to an auto-balancer with many cargoes when it balances the imbalance that equals the balancing capacity of the auto-balancer

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Kim, Wonsuk, Dong-Jin Lee, and Jintai Chung. "Three-dimensional modelling and dynamic analysis of an automatic ball balancer in an optical disk drive." Journal of Sound and Vibration 285, no. 3 (2005): 547–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2004.08.016.

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LIU, Jun, and Yukio ISHIDA. "506 Vibration Suppression of Washing/Spin-Dryer Machine Utilizing an Automatic Ball Balancer and Discontinuous Springs Characteristics." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2007 (2007): _506–1_—_506–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2007._506-1_.

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Rajalingham, C., and R. B. Bhat. "Complete balancing of a disk mounted on a vertical cantilever shaft using a two ball automatic balancer." Journal of Sound and Vibration 290, no. 1-2 (2006): 169–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2005.03.025.

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Irina, Filimonikhina, Nevdakha Yuriy, Olijnichenko Lubov, Pukalov Viktor, and Chornohlazova Hanna. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE ACCURACY OF BALANCING AN AXIAL FAN BY ADJUSTING THE MASSES AND BY PASSIVE AUTO-BALANCERS." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 1 (102) (2019): 60–69. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.184546.

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The paper reports determining and comparison of the quality of dynamic balancing of rotating parts in the assembly (impeller) by correction mass and applying passive auto-balancers using the axial fan VO 06-300-4 as an example. The impeller is balanced in two planes of correction – from the side of a fairing and from the side of an electric motor’s shank. It was established that prior to balancing the magnitudes of root-mean-square values (RMS) of vibration speed at the casing of the fan correspond with a margin to the balance quality grade: 1x vibration components (1x) ‒ G2.5; total – G6.3. The main source of vibrations is the dynamic residual imbalance of the impeller. The basic component of vibration speeds is the 1x one (at a frequency of 25 Hz), that is, it can be reduced by balancing. The non-1x vibration components occur at subharmonic frequencies, 25/2 and 25/3 Hz, and are smaller by the order of magnitude. When the impeller is balanced by correction mass, the initial imbalances from the side of a fairing and a shank are, respectively, 81.4 and 115.2 g∙mm, and the residual ones are 7.4 and 7.2 g∙mm. The magnitudes of RMS of vibration speed can be reduced at the fan’s casing to the magnitudes corresponding to the balance quality grade (with a margin): 1x – G0.4; total – G2.5. The main contribution to the residual vibrations is made by the non-1x vibration components occurring at subharmonic frequencies. At dynamic balancing of the impeller by two ball auto-balancers, in the presence of any imbalances (in two planes of correction) that can balance the auto-balancers, the RMS of vibration speed at the fan’s casing correspond to the balance quality grade: 1x – G1; total – G2.5. Ball auto-balancers react to imbalances constituting not less than 3 % of their balancing capacity. The residual imbalances are not stable, but are not larger from the side of a fairing and a shank than, respectively, 22.2 g∙mm and 21.6 g∙mm. Research results are applicable for low-pressure axial fans, specifically VO 06-300/VO-12-300; VOG/VO-15-320; VO 2,3-130/VO 46-130. They make it possible to decide on the expediency of balancing fans by passive auto-balancers

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Van De Velde, Gabriël, Björn Verrelst, Dirk Lefeber, and Patrick Guillaume. "Let’s Make Ball Balancing Great Again: Why You Should Use Temporary Speed Reduction." Machines 8, no. 4 (2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines8040074.

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Automatic ball balancing is a technique adopted in rotordynamics to reduce unknown rotor unbalance automatically. This technique sounds appealing as it can ease a panoply of balancing issues considerably. The presence of stiction, however, scatters consistent qualitative balancing and led to a limited implementation in the industry. Temporary speed reduction, a recent technique, could be used as a countermeasure for the stiction-induced scattering. Presented in this paper is an in-depth study detailing how the technique should be implemented to guarantee effective balancing. By analysing a rotordynamic model of the Jeffcott kind, the influence of a multitude of parameters is studied such as the initial mass positions, the initial unbalance, the adopted speed profile, shaft damping, stiction and the speed reduction plateau of the adopted speed reduction strategy. The main findings of the study are that the adverse effects of stiction can be contained considerably using the speed reduction technique, especially in the under-excited range where a ball balancer behaves poorly when adopting a standard run-up profile. Finally, the speed plateau of the speed reduction technique should be selected carefully, preferably accounting for stiction, shaft damping and even more so the initial unbalance.

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Sperling, Lutz, Falk Merten, and Henner Duckstein. "Self-synchronization and Automatic Balancing in Rotor Dynamics." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 6, no. 4 (2000): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x00000269.

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Synchronous elimination as one of the possible methods of cancelling any harmful vibration resulting from the unbalance of rotary machines is considered. This method, introduced by Fesca and Thearle, involves the placement of unbalanced elements (e.g. ring, pendulum, ball balancers) on the rotor axis, which can occupy any angular position in relation to the rotor. Under defined conditions in the postcritical frequency range, there is a spontaneous placement of the corection elements such that they balance the rotor unbalance. Hedaya and Sharp generalized this method by combining two force balancers to compensate the unbalanced moment as well as the unbalanced force of a rigid rotor.In the present work this generalization is analysed in detail. The existence and the stability conditions of compensating phasing are developed by the method of direct motion separation, the dependence of these conditions on the polar inertia is investigated, and the validity of Blekhman's principle of self-balancing is discussed.The results are confirmed by computer simulation. Moreover, computer simulation is used to investigate transient motions induced by initial conditions.

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50

Pashkov, E. N., Anna M. Bogdan, and Igor A. Masson. "Automatic Balancing Time of any Rotors at Full Speed." Advanced Materials Research 1040 (September 2014): 886–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1040.886.

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In this article the time change automatically balanced unbalanced rotor automatic ball balancing devices is considered. The calculation of original differential equations is made with numeral calculation using the Runge-Kutt method. The time dependence of the transition process of the balancing process from the parameters of the automatic balancing device is obtained.

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