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Journal articles on the topic 'Automatic Generation Control (AGC)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Vrdoljak, K., B. Kopić, M. Gec, J. Krstulović Opara, and S. Sekulić. "Automatic Generation Control Application for Transmission and Generation Centres." Journal of Energy - Energija 67, no. 2 (2022): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/201867277.

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Recently, a new Emergency Control Centre for Albanian Transmission System Operator (TSO), which includes Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and Automatic Generation Control (AGC) applications, has been commissioned. Nowadays, an AGC application is being prepared for the biggest generation company in Croatia, as part of control centre for hydropower plants within western part of Croatia. Both of these implementations use the same AGC application, which is presented in this paper. Although AGC for TSO and AGC for Generation Centre (GC) have many similarities, their main goals are d

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2

Sheikh, M. R. I., R. Takahashi, and J. Tamura. "Robust Stabilizing Controllers to Automatic Generation Control for Load Frequency Control Application." Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 2 (2010): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3063.

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Since superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit with a self-commutated converter is capable of controlling both the active and reactive powers simultaneously and quickly, increasing attention has been focused recently on power system stabilization by SMES control. This study presents the effects of novel control strategies of self-tuned fuzzy proportional integral (FPI) controller and fuzzy frequency (FF) controller associated with the automatic generation control (AGC) including SMES unit. The effects of the self-tuning configuration with FPI controller in AGC is also compared with

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3

Dong, Zhe, Miao Liu, Di Jiang, Xiaojin Huang, Yajun Zhang, and Zuoyi Zhang. "Automatic Generation Control of Nuclear Heating Reactor Power Plants." Energies 11, no. 10 (2018): 2782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102782.

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A nuclear heating reactor (NHR) is a typical integral pressurized water reactor (iPWR) with advanced design features such as an integral primary circuit, self-pressurization, full-power-range natural circulation, and hydraulic control rods. Through adjusting its electric power output according to the variation of demand, NHR power plants can be adopted to stablize the fluctuation of grid frequency caused by the intermittent nature of renewable generation, which is useful for deepening the penetration of renewables. The flexibility of an NHR power plant relies on the automatic generation contro

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Tambun, Laura Agnes, Ismi Rosyiana Fitri, I. Made Ardita, and Chairul Hudaya. "Optimisasi Integrasi Economic Dispatch dan Dynamic Automatic Generation Control." Jurnal Teknologi 12, no. 1 (2024): 41–52. https://doi.org/10.31479/jtek.v12i1.352.

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Abstrak Dengan penetrasi Energi Terbarukan (ET) yang besar dalam era transisi energi, ada potensi tantangan teknis terkait frekuensi sistem kelistrikan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan mekanisme kontrol yang dapat memastikan bahwa frekuensi sistem tetap berada dalam batas operasional yang aman. Terkait hal tersebut dibutuhkan model hierarkis ED-AGC guna menjaga performa kerja sistem dengan tetap mempertahankan sisi ekonomis dari operasi sistem. Economic Dispatch (ED) digunakan untuk meminimalkan biaya pembangkitan dan cadangan sistem, sedangkan Automatic Generation Control (AGC) untuk menjaga frek

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5

Ullah, Kaleem, Abdul Basit, Zahid Ullah, Sheraz Aslam, and Herodotos Herodotou. "Automatic Generation Control Strategies in Conventional and Modern Power Systems: A Comprehensive Overview." Energies 14, no. 9 (2021): 2376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092376.

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Automatic generation control (AGC) is primarily responsible for ensuring the smooth and efficient operation of an electric power system. The main goal of AGC is to keep the operating frequency under prescribed limits and maintain the interchange power at the intended level. Therefore, an AGC system must be supplemented with modern and intelligent control techniques to provide adequate power supply. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of various AGC models in diverse configurations of the power system. Initially, the history of power system AGC models is explored and the basic operatio

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Ullah, Kaleem, Abdul Basit, Zahid Ullah, Rafiq Asghar, Sheraz Aslam, and Ayman Yafoz. "Line Overload Alleviations in Wind Energy Integrated Power Systems Using Automatic Generation Control." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (2022): 11810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141911810.

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Modern power systems are largely based on renewable energy sources, especially wind power. However, wind power, due to its intermittent nature and associated forecasting errors, requires an additional amount of balancing power provided through the automatic generation control (AGC) system. In normal operation, AGC dispatch is based on the fixed participation factor taking into account only the economic operation of generating units. However, large-scale injection of additional reserves results in large fluctuations of line power flows, which may overload the line and subsequently reduce the sy

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7

Fitri, Ismi Rosyiana, and Dwi Riana Aryani. "Optimisasi Parameter AGC (Automatic Generation Control) Pada Sistem Tenaga Listrik." Electrices 7, no. 1 (2025): 11–17. https://doi.org/10.32722/ees.v7i1.7440.

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Dengan meningkatnya integrasi sumber energi terbarukan dalam sistem pembangkitan listrik, strategi kontrol sistem tenaga kini semakin berkembang dengan menggabungkan economic dispatch problem (EDP) dan automatic generation control (AGC) guna mencapai operasi yang lebih efisien secara ekonomi. Dalam studi ini, kami mengusulkan suatu algoritma baru yang dapat menentukan parameter AGC yang optimal dengan merumuskan suatu permasalahan optimisasi. Untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas pendekatan ini, simulasi numerik diterapkan guna menganalisis performa metode yang diusulkan dalam berbagai skenario opera

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8

Kumar, Ashwini, and Omveer Singh. "Recent Strategies for Automatic Generation Control of Power Systems With Diverse Energy Sources." International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 10, no. 4 (2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.20211001.oa8.

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This paper reveals Automatic Generation Control (AGC) strategies of power systems including diverse type power generating sources and comprehensive literature review is also presented. These diverse type energy sources considered conventional power sources like thermal, diesel, nuclear, etc. and Renewable Energy Sources (RESs). RESs are solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy, etc. A variety of AGC schemes based on hard, soft and artificial intelligent computation techniques is presented here. The benefits and their limitations of these energy generating units are also taken in this article. I

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Oshnoei, Arman, Rahmat Khezri, SM Muyeen, and Frede Blaabjerg. "On the Contribution of Wind Farms in Automatic Generation Control: Review and New Control Approach." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (2018): 1848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101848.

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Wind farms can contribute to ancillary services to the power system, by advancing and adopting new control techniques in existing, and also in new, wind turbine generator systems. One of the most important aspects of ancillary service related to wind farms is frequency regulation, which is partitioned into inertial response, primary control, and supplementary control or automatic generation control (AGC). The contribution of wind farms for the first two is well addressed in literature; however, the AGC and its associated controls require more attention. In this paper, in the first step, the co

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10

Zhou, Peng, Xiao Gang Xin, Shi Hui Chen, Xiao Hong Guo, Chun Xia Yang, and Biao Wang. "The Research and Application of AGC in Circulating Fluidized Bed Unit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 1271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.1271.

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The circulating fluidized bed boiler (CFB) power unit with its energy-saving and environmental protection has broad application prospects, but the problem of CFB unit automatic control has not been solved satisfied, so automatic generation control (AGC) can not be stabilized input. Through the improvement of the unit automatic control strategy by the method of intelligent predictive multivariable decoupling control and optimization of parameters, the AGC tests achieved approving results in CFB unit.

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11

Garg, Jitendra Kumar, Anita Khosla, and Nizamuddin Hakimuddin. "AGC of a multi sources power system with natural choice of power plants." EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology 7, no. 1 (2019): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24003/emitter.v7i1.342.

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This paper presents an application of optimal control theory in multi sources power system by considering natural choice of power plants participating in automatic generation control (AGC) scheme. However, for successful operation of large power system, the natural choices of generation suitable for AGC system are hydro and thermal power plants since gas and nuclear power plants are rarely participates in the AGC scheme. Therefore, this work presents design and implementation of proportional integral (PI) structured optimal AGC controller in the presence of hydro and thermal power plants by us

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12

Wisam, Najm Al-Din Abed, A. Imran Omar та S. Fatah Ibrahim. "Аutomаtіϲ ԍenerаtіon control based wһale орtimіzation αlgorithm". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, № 6 (2019): 4516–23. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp4516-4523.

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In the designing and operation of interconnected power systems, automatic-generation-control (AGC) represent an important topic. AGC is responsible for maintaining the balance between generation side and load side via controlling the frequency and active power interchange. A new metaheuristic strategy is proposed in this work for optimal controller tuning in AGC system. Ԝһale Орtimіzatіоn Αlgorithm (WOA) is proposed for optimal tuning of reset integral controller. T he proposed strategy is used for optimal AGC in two-areas interconnected-power system. The proposed tuning strategy is comp

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13

Li, Lu, Zhong Fu Tang, and En Yuan Zhang. "Discussion on the Pattern of Competitive Trade in the AGC Ancillary Service Market." Applied Mechanics and Materials 48-49 (February 2011): 434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.434.

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Electric ancillary service is an important method that ensures the power system to operate safely and stably. This paper discusses the optimum selection of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) units in the Electric AGC Ancillary Service Market. In this paper a mathematical model is proposed to select the generating unit to perform AGC function in light of minimizing the AGC services purchase fee. Several forms that are used to pay the AGC service business are also discussed in the paper. The application to a realistic system shows that the idea and the method presented in this paper are correct

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14

Hasan, Naimul, Ibrahim Alsaidan, Mohammad Sajid, Shahida Khatoon, and Shuaib Farooq. "Hybrid MPC-Based Automatic Generation Control for Dominant Wind Energy Penetrated Multisource Power System." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2022 (January 17, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5526827.

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This paper presents hybrid model predictive control-based automatic generation regulator design for dominant wind energy penetrated multisource power system. The other power generation sources hydro and thermal are also considered in each area. The proposed AGC regulator is designed for each independent area considering only local power system states to ensure the stability of closed-loop system under small perturbation. The performance of the proposed AGC regulator has been validated for 2% step load perturbation. Furthermore, system parameter is varied to 20% of nominal value to assess the r

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15

Ullah, Kaleem, Zahid Ullah, Sheraz Aslam, et al. "Wind Farms and Flexible Loads Contribution in Automatic Generation Control: An Extensive Review and Simulation." Energies 16, no. 14 (2023): 5498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16145498.

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With the increasing integration of wind energy sources into conventional power systems, the demand for reserve power has risen due to associated forecasting errors. Consequently, developing innovative operating strategies for automatic generation control (AGC) has become crucial. These strategies ensure a real-time balance between load and generation while minimizing the reliance on operating reserves from conventional power plant units. Wind farms exhibit a strong interest in participating in AGC operations, especially when AGC is organized into different regulation areas encompassing various

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16

Rositawati, Suci, and Iwa Garniwa Mulyana. "Dampak Variasi Beban Dan Keterbatasan Pembangkit Terhadap Kontrol Frekuensi Sistem menggunakan Automatic Generation Control." SUTET 12, no. 1 (2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/sutet.v12i1.1653.

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Pusat pengatur beban menggunakan Automatic Generation Controller (AGC) sebagai regulasi frekuensi real time untuk memastikan keseimbangan antara permintaan beban dengan ketersediaan pembangkitan. Ketidakpastian variasi beban, dan adanya keterbatasan respon pembangkit (GRC) mempengaruhi respon dinamik frekuensi sistem dalam periode menit. Sistem Jawa Bali menerapkan AGC menggunakan metode integrator dengan 51,18 % partisipasi aktif pembangkit. Penelitian ini mengusulkan AGC menggunakan metode PID controller dengan mempertimbangkan variasi karakteristik beban dan keterbatasan ramp rate up/down p

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17

Hui, Jianfeng, Keqiang Tai, Ruitao Yan, et al. "Frequency Coordination Control Strategy for Large-Scale Wind Power Transmission Systems Based on Hybrid DC Transmission Technology with Deep Q Network Assistance." Applied Sciences 14, no. 15 (2024): 6817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14156817.

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Wind power is currently the most mature representative of sustainable energy generation technology, which has been developed and utilized on a large scale worldwide. The random and fluctuating nature of wind power output poses a threat to the secure and stable operation of the system. Consequently, the transmission of wind power has garnered considerable attention as a crucial factor in mitigating the challenges associated with wind power integration. In this paper, an artificial-intelligence-aided frequency coordination control strategy applicable to wind power transmission systems based on h

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18

Ullah, Kaleem, Abdul Basit, Zahid Ullah, Fahad R. Albogamy, and Ghulam Hafeez. "Automatic Generation Control in Modern Power Systems with Wind Power and Electric Vehicles." Energies 15, no. 5 (2022): 1771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051771.

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The modern power system is characterized by the massive integration of renewables, especially wind power. The intermittent nature of wind poses serious concerns for the system operator owing to the inaccuracies in wind power forecasting. Forecasting errors require more balancing power for maintaining frequency within the nominal range. These services are now offered through conventional power plants that not only increase the operational cost but also adversely affect the environment. The modern power system emphasizes the massive penetration of wind power that will replace conventional power

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19

Laik, Shanchari, Shatabdi Dey, Puja Das, Sneha Sultana, Sourav Paul, and Provas Kumar Roy. "Automatic Generation Control of Interconnected Power System using Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 4, no. 2 (2015): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2015040102.

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Automatic generation control (AGC) is added in power system to ensure constancy in frequency and tie-line power of an interconnected multi-area power system. In this article, proportional integral (PI) controlled based AGC of two-area hydrothermal system is solved by cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA). It is one of the most powerful stochastic real parameter optimization in current use. The design objective is to improve the dynamic performance of the interconnected system following a disturbance. System performance is examined considering 1% step load perturbation in thermal area with genera

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20

Xia and Liu. "Bi-Level Model Predictive Control for Optimal Coordination of Multi-Area Automatic Generation Control Units under Wind Power Integration." Processes 7, no. 10 (2019): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7100669.

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With the high degree of wind power penetration integrated into multi-area AC/DC interconnected power grids, the frequency regulation capacity of automatic generation control (AGC) units is not sufficient in the wind power-penetrated area, making it difficult to effectively suppress the frequency stability caused by the fluctuation of wind power. Therefore, a coordinated control strategy for AGC units across areas based on bi-level model predictive control is proposed in this paper to achieve resource sharing. The control scheme uses economic model predictive control to realize steady power opt

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21

Li, Yuanyuan, Zhi Hua, Jun Li, Enren Liu, and Song Gao. "Optimization and Performance Improvement of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) for 330 MW Subcritical Thermal Power Unit." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2584, no. 1 (2023): 012091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2584/1/012091.

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Abstract With the continuous assessment of the “Two Detailed Rules”, various power generation groups are paying increasing attention to AGC. A 350 MW subcritical unit has been in a poor performance state under AGC-R mode since the 2022 heating season, with a K1 value below 1.2 and a K2 value not reaching the qualified value. It is facing the cancellation of the qualification for AGC-R mode. In the face of the problem with the unit, this article analyzes three reasons. Firstly, the speed setting exceeds the requirements, but the actual unit action does not meet the standards. There is a deviati

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22

Ye, Kai, Rongzhao Yang, Wei Li, and Weike Mo. "Frequency Stability Analysis and Control Parameter Optimization in High-Voltage Direct Current-Asynchronous Power Systems with Automatic Generation Control." Energies 18, no. 4 (2025): 864. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18040864.

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Asynchronous interconnected systems connected by High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission lines struggle with frequency support between interconnected areas, increasing the risk of frequency instability and resulting in low efficiency in frequency resource utilization. This study establishes a frequency dynamic analysis model for asynchronous interconnected power grids and develops an HVDC frequency controller for frequency control in these systems. It analyzes the control effects of HVDC frequency under two scenarios: without Automatic Generation Control (AGC) and with AGC. The researc

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M.S, Krishna Rayalu, and Harish G. "Automatic Generation Control of Multi Area Power Systems with Wind Energy." Journal of Electrical and Power Engineering 5, no. 3 (2019): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3364039.

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The load on a power system varies continuously, as a result frequency change continuously.Therefore, automatic generation control (AGC) is required to bring back the frequency to reference value and is used to control the deviations in tie-line power as scheduled by maintaining constant rated frequency. The extended power system divided into number of areas which are interconnected by tie-lines leads to multi area power system. Present scenario is shifted towards renewable energy; therefore, wind energy generation is also taken into account. In this paper, AGC of a thr

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He, Gui Xiong, Xiao Shuang Chen, Yu Hui Zhou, Li Min Jiang, Shuo Yang, and Jian Feng. "Study on the Price Design of AGC Service in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 2293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.2293.

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according to the characteristics of the AGC in China, and present a method to calculate AGC cost, this method divide AGC cost into power generation cost, equipment investment cost, opportunity cost and adjusting cost. Make independent power producer automatic generation control cost get reasonable recycling, enhance the enthusiasm of the plant to provide ancillary services, avoid causing aspects of the contradiction between supply and demand, and providing assistance to reduce the impact on the quality of power supply. The last is verified by an example.

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Lam, Le Hong, Le Khoa Nam, Nguyen Khac Tien Dung, and Nguyen Huu Hieu. "Two-Area Automatic Generation Control for Power Systems with Highly Penetrating Renewable Energy Sources." Electronics 13, no. 15 (2024): 2907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13152907.

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Currently, renewable energy sources (RESs) are gradually replacing traditional power sources that use fossil fuels. In some countries, such as Vietnam, RESs are developed on a massive scale and are concentrated in some key areas. This causes negative impacts on a power system when its transmission system is not deployed synchronously to release their capacity from these new renewable energy plants. An important challenge today is to ensure frequency stability in power systems with high uncertainty in RES output power. Additionally, the system requires solutions to prevent transmission line ove

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Sharma, Gulshan. "Optimal AGC Design for Diverse Sources of Power Generations in each Area Using Output Vector Feedback Control Technique." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 45 (November 2019): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.45.99.

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In this paper an attempt is made to design the regulator for automatic generation control (AGC) of an interconnected energy delivery system to regulate the frequency and tie-power to original value for sudden change in the energy demand of the customers. The considered energy delivery system is having the power generation via thermal, hydro and gas sources and connected via means of parallel AC/DC tie-lines. Further, most of AGC studies focussed on regulator design using application of control theory such as optimal control to manage the balance between generation and load demand considering a

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Morales, Cristobal, Augusto Lismayes, Hector Chavez, Harold R. Chamorro, and Lorenzo Reyes-Chamorro. "The Impact of Aging-Preventive Algorithms on BESS Sizing under AGC Performance Standards." Energies 14, no. 21 (2021): 7231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217231.

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It is normally accepted that Battery Energy Storage Systems improve frequency regulation by providing fast response to the Automatic Generation Control. However, currently available control strategies may lead to early Energy Storage Systems aging given that Automatic Generation Control requirements are increasing due to zero carbon power generation integration. In this sense, it is important to analyze the aging phenomena in order to assess the technical–economical usefulness of Battery Energy Storage Systems towards zero carbon power systems. In order to avoid early aging, various proposals

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Luo, Wei Hua, Song Qi Feng, Yi Bin Shi, Wei Chun Ge, Jun Zhao, and Jun Feng Zhuo. "Coordinated Strategy for AGC of Thermal-Hydro-Wind Power and Energy Storage System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.873.

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Wind power is renewable energy, which has mature technology, considerable economic benefits and huge development scale. This paper proposes a coordinated strategy for AGC of Thermal hydro-wind Power and Energy Storage System which study the mathematical model of wind power and energy storage system, and the strategy of generation schedule, and key technologies of automatic generation control system (AGC) of four unequal interconnected Thermal, Wind, Hydro power plant and Energy storage.

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Daraz, Amil, Suheel Abdullah Malik, Athar Waseem, et al. "Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Source Interconnected Power System Using FOI-TD Controller." Energies 14, no. 18 (2021): 5867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185867.

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Automatic Generation Control (AGC) delivers a high quality electrical energy to energy consumers using efficient and intelligent control systems ensuring nominal operating frequency and organized tie-line power deviation. Subsequently, for the AGC analysis of a two-area interconnected hydro-gas-thermal-wind generating unit, a novel Fractional Order Integral-Tilt Derivative (FOI-TD) controller is proposed that is fine-tuned by a powerful meta-heuristic optimization technique referred as Improved-Fitness Dependent Optimizer (I-FDO) algorithm. For more realistic analysis, various constraints, suc

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Tang, Jun, Xiang Ma, Ren Gu, et al. "Cost Consensus Algorithm Applications for EV Charging Station Participating in AGC of Interconnected Power Grid." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (2019): 4886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224886.

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In order to more effectively reduce the regulation costs of power grids and to improve the automatic generation control (AGC) performance, an optimization mathematical model of generation command dispatch for AGC with an electric vehicle (EV) charging station is proposed in this paper, in which a cost consensus algorithm for AGC is adopted. Particularly, virtual consensus variables are applied to exchange information among different AGC units. At the same time, the actual consensus variables are utilized to determine the generation command, upon which the flexibility of the proposed algorithm

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Li, Jun, Wei Wei Li, and Hui Cong Li. "Research and Application of Medium-Speed Pulverizer Control Based on AGC Mode." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 974–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.974.

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Large delay is the main characteristics of medium-speed pulverizer system which used in subcritical and supercritical unit. By introducing and analyzing the operating principle and working process, considering energy saving and consumption reducing, and combined with the performance requirement of AGC (Automatic Generation control), recommend solutions were put forward. It can effectively solve AGC control problems of load and pressure control accuracy and ensure frequency stability of the grid, provide a reference for similar units.

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Li, Jun, and Wei Wei Li. "Research and Optimization of Thermal Power Unit's Automatic Control Based on Frequency Regulation Ability of Power Grid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 330 (June 2013): 606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.330.606.

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Wind power and other new energy connected to power grid bring new challenges to optimal operation of power systems. The stability of power grid mainly depends on primary frequency compensation and secondary frequency compensation of thermal power units. By analyzing the theory and practice of DEH and coordinated control system (CCS) of thermal power units, combined with the insufficient of actual primary frequency compensation and automatic power generation control (AGC) strategy response to frequency of accidents, the optimization of primary frequency compensation and AGC of thermal power uni

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Othman, Salah Bassam, and Sreerama Kumar Ramdas. "Robust Fuzzy-PID Technique for the Automatic Generation Control of Interconnected Power System with Integrated Renewable Energy Sources." European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 4 (2024): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejece.2024.8.4.639.

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This paper proposes a robust hybrid fuzzy PID controller, with the PID gain values tuned using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique for the automatic generation control (AGC) of the two-area hybrid power system. PSO Algorithm is applied to reduce the integral of time-weighted absolute error (ITAE) of the frequency and tie-line power variations of the two-area interconnected power system. The suggested method’s efficacy is examined on an interconnected two-area power system with Area 1 containing thermal reheat plants, hydropower plants, and diesel generating units, and Area 2 compri

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Yao, Hong Chun, Liang Yin, and Ming Yu Huang. "Topology and Functions of Large-Scale PV Power Station Monitoring and Control System." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.857.

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According to the development status of large-scale PV power station, this paper expatiates the topology and functions of the monitoring and control system of large-scale PV power station, The system consists of monitoring center, fiber optic ring network and control subnet, and the main functions are SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition), AGC (automatic generation control), AVC (automatic voltage control), system state assessment, equipment maintenance, and power generation benefit analysis. The system is flexible and reliable, and will promote the efficiency of operation and mainte

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35

Soumia, Kail, Bekri Abdelkader, and Hazzab Abdeldjebar. "Study of automatic generation control in two area power system with DFIG-based wind energy conversion." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 10, no. 4 (2019): 2118–25. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i4.pp2118-2125.

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The main objective of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is to keep the frequency within specified limits through primary and secondary control. In this study, a model of two area thermal non-reheat power system with integration of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based Wind Energy Conversion (WEC) into both areas is presented. A Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller and a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) have been applied and compared. The Proposed controllers are used to improve the dynamic response as well as to reduce or eliminate the steady-state error in Area Control Error (

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Shafquat, Jahangir* Prof.Aziz Ahmad. "AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL OF THREE AREA USING PI AND FUZZY CONTROLLER." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 6 (2016): 333–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.54851.

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In the proposed work, AGC of three area power plant(all thermal) implemented using PI controller and Fuzzy Logic Controller.   Even when load fluctuates in one area, it affects the frequency in all the remaining areas as well. Model is developed by MATLAB/SIMULINK software and further the results derived from both the controllers are studied and compared. Results so obtained clearly imply that performance of FLC is much improved as compared to PI controller.  

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Sahoo, Dillip Kumar, Rabindra Kumar Sahu, and Sidharth Panda. "Fractional Order Fuzzy PID Controller for Automatic Generation Control of Power Systems." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 19, no. 1 (2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2021191.222284.

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In this study, a Hybrid Adaptive Differential Evolution and Pattern Search (hADE-PS) tuned Fractional Order Fuzzy PID (FOFPID) structure is suggested for AGC of power systems. At first, a non-reheat type two-area thermal system is considered and the improvement of the proposed approach over Bacteria Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA), Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO), Jaya Algorithm (JA), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Hybrid BFOA and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (hBFOA-PSO) for the identical test systems has been demonstrated. The analysis was then extended to interconnect

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Abdillah, Muhammad, Alfi Solehan, Nita Indriani Pertiwi, et al. "Enhancement of frequency transient response using fuzzy-PID controller considering high penetration of doubly fed induction generators." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 13, no. 4 (2024): 2260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v13i4.6481.

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In modern power systems, renewable-based power plant such as wind power system is integrated significantly. Among numerous types of wind power systems doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) is becoming favorable in the last few years. However, adding a wind power plant could give a new challenge to the power system, especially in frequency stability. Hence, it is important to control the frequency of the power system to be able to find its initial condition in every condition. Generally, the frequency of the power system can be controlled by using automatic generation control (AGC). AGC is use

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Li, Yi Fan, Ke Guan Wang, and Chuan Li Gong. "Application of Improved Ant Colony Optimization on Economical Operation of Automatic Generation Control Units in Hydropower Station." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 2101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.2101.

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This paper proposed an improved ant colony optimization(ACO), to solve the economical operating dispatch of automatic generation control(AGC) units in hydropower station. The improved ant colony algorithm PSO-ACO imported particle swarm optimization is put forward. Both of the global convergence performance and the effectiveness of this algorithm is improved by using self-adaptive parameters and importing PSO to optimize the current ant paths. The mathematical description and procedure of the PSO-ACO are given with the maximum plant generating efficiency model as an example. Finally the superi

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Gwon, Han Na, and Kyung Soo Kook. "Dynamic-Model-Based AGC Frequency Control Simulation Method for Korean Power System." Energies 13, no. 19 (2020): 5052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195052.

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To fulfill the need of operating power systems more effectively through diverse resources, frequency control conditions for maintaining a balance between generators and loads need to be provided accurately. As frequency control is generally achieved via the governor responses from local generators and the automatic generation control (AGC) frequency control of the central energy management system, it is important to coordinate these two mechanisms of frequency control efficiently. This paper proposes a dynamic-model-based AGC frequency control simulation method that can be designed and analyze

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Qian, Hong, Yi Ming Yao, Min Rui Fei, and Liang Deng. "Research of Target-Controllable Optimal Dispatch for AGC Regulation Capacity." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.472.

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In order to implement the target-controllability and the optimal dispatch of automatic generation control (AGC), a new dispatch method of AGC regulation capacity based on the multi-target optimal technology and the genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed. In the algorithm, the control factors are introduced by applying multi-target mathematical model. So it can control every object importance artificially according to the region of the area control error (ACE) by operators. The genetic algorithm is used to get the optimal results. Finally an example is given to demonstrate the validity of the propo

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Li, Jun, Wei Wei Li, and De Kuan Zhang. "Application and Research of Feedforward Control in Boiler Control of Supercritical Thermal Power Generating Unit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 775–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.775.

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The general information and features of supercritical unit are illustrated. According to the engineering application situation, by comparing two feedforward methods, the new method application effect than classic control method, the response of unit’s load is much faster than before. It’s benefit to Automatic Generation Control (AGC). It’s hoped that the analysis and optimization can provide useful experience and lessons for the design of the supercritical boiler control to some extent.

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Sheikh, M.R.I, S.M Muyeen, and J. Tamura. "Effect of Self-Tuning Fuzzy Frequency Controller to Agc on Smes Control." DIU Journal of Science & Technology 5, no. 2 (2024): 30–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13731538.

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This paper presents a novel control method of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) unit with a self-tuned Fuzzy Frequency Controller (FFC) associated with the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) for improving Load Frequency Control (LFC) in a single area power system. Boiler dynamics and nonlinearities such as governor dead band (DB) and generator rate constraints (GRC) are considered in the developed comprehensive mathematical model of a single area isolated power system. The effects of the self-tuning configuration of fuzzy frequency controller in AGC on SMES control is compared wit

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Tang, Junci, Tie Li, Junbo Pi, and Dai Cui. "Photovoltaic-grid control method based on self-gain system compensation." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 17 (November 27, 2021): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctab090.

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Abstract The presence of decentralized production in modern electrical systems precludes traditional automatic generation control (AGC) strategies. Renewable energy production is highly dependent on the environment; for example, photovoltaic (PV) system, but its power generation is very unstable, which makes power grids containing PV systems face greater challenges. In this paper, we propose a PV-grid control method based on self-gain system compensation to reduce the negative effects of large fluctuations and uncertainties in solar energy production. First, the performance characteristics of

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Papakonstantinou, Apostolos G., and Stavros A. Papathanassiou. "Battery Energy Storage Participation in Automatic Generation Control of Island Systems, Coordinated with State of Charge Regulation." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (2022): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020596.

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Efficient storage participation in the secondary frequency regulation of island systems is a prerequisite towards their complete decarbonization. However, energy reserve limitations of storage resources pose challenges to their integration in centralized automatic generation control (AGC). This paper presents a frequency control method, in which battery energy storage systems (BESSs) participate in automatic frequency restoration reserve (aFRR) provision, through their integration in the AGC of an island system. A local state of charge (SOC) controller ensures safe operation of the BESS in cas

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Khamees, Ahmed, and Hüseyin Altınkaya. "Global Optimal Automatic Generation Control of a Multimachine Power System Using Hybrid NLMPC and Data-Driven Methods." Applied Sciences 15, no. 4 (2025): 1956. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15041956.

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Real-world power systems face challenges from demand fluctuations, system constraints, communication delays, and unmeasurable disturbances. This paper presents a real-time hybrid approach integrating Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NLMPC) and data-driven methods for automatic generation control (AGC) of synchronous generators, particularly under cyber-physical attacks. Unlike previous studies, this work considers both technical and economic aspects of power system management. A key innovation is the incorporation of a detailed thermo-mechanical model of turbine and governor dynamics, enabl

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Di, Pengyu, Xiaoqing Xiao, Feng Pan, Yuyao Yang, and Xiaoshun Zhang. "Hierarchical power control of a large-scale wind farm by using a data-driven optimization method." PLOS ONE 18, no. 9 (2023): e0291383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291383.

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With the participation in automatic generation control (AGC), a large-scale wind farm should distribute the real-time AGC signal to numerous wind turbines (WTs). This easily leads to an expensive computation for a high-quality dispatch scheme, especially considering the wake effect among WTs. To address this problem, a hierarchical power control (HPC) is constructed based on the geographical layout and electrical connection of all the WTs. Firstly, the real-time AGC signal of the whole wind farm is distributed to multiple decoupled groups in proportion of their regulation capacities. Secondly,

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Kim, Sunkyo, Pyeong-Ik Hwang, and Jaewan Suh. "Automatic Generation Control Ancillary Service Cost-Allocation Methods Based on Causer-Pays Principle in Electricity Market." Energies 17, no. 1 (2023): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17010011.

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The electric power system is rapidly transforming to address the urgent need for decarbonization and combat climate change. Integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid is accelerating, creating new challenges such as intermittency and uncertainty. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a new design of automatic generation control (AGC) ancillary service cost allocation based on the causer-pays rule. The proposed design treats reserves as inventory and aims to minimize them by allocating costs among consumers based on the causative factors for AGC operation. Two cost-a

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Daood, Emad Ali, and Dr Manish Kumar Srivastava. "Enhancing AGC Efficiency and Settling Time in Multi-Area Power Systems with GrasshopperBased PID Optimization under Open Market Dynamics." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 13, no. 7 (2024): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.f7996.13070624.

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This paper delves into the optimization of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) using a Grasshopper-based PID approach in multi-area power systems. It investigates the performance of this method in scenarios both with and without High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) links, operating under an Open Market System. Through simulations, the study evaluates the effectiveness of the Grasshopper-based PID controller in maintaining system stability and enhancing power generation within a competitive energy market. The findings provide insights into the adaptability of this technique across different networ

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Emad, Ali Daood. "Enhancing AGC Efficiency and Settling Time in Multi-Area Power Systems with Grasshopper-Based PID Optimization under Open Market Dynamics." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) 13, no. 7 (2024): 7–13. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.F7996.13070624.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> This paper delves into the optimization of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) using a Grasshopper-based PID approach in multi-area power systems. It investigates the performance of this method in scenarios both with and without High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) links, operating under an Open Market System. Through simulations, the study evaluates the effectiveness of the Grasshopper-based PID controller in maintaining system stability and enhancing power generation within a competitive energy market. The findings provide insights into the adaptability of this techni

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