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Journal articles on the topic 'Automatic horizontal boring machine'
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1
Kneib, Kassel, and Lorenz. "Automatic seismic prediction ahead of the tunnel boring machine." First Break 18, no. 7 (2000): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2397.2000.00079.x.
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Li, Zhi, X. S. Zhao, and D. W. Zhang. "The Research of the Dynamic Characteristics of Horizontal Jig Boring Machine." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 1391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.1391.
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Modal analysis is one way of studying the dynamic characteristics of the mechanical. In order to study the dynamic characteristics of machine tool,numerical machine model is set up with finite element analysis software,of which validity is verified by experimental modal analysis.The experimental test also provide the boundary conditions, so as to further structure modification and dynamic characteristic design
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Fuoco, Stefano. "The Tunnel Boring Machine Advancements in Horizontal and Up-Hill Tunnels." American Journal of Applied Sciences 6, no. 6 (2009): 1126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2009.1126.1132.
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Tong, Zhi Neng. "Synchronization of Laser Measurement Technology Application on Automatic Orientation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 2424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.2424.
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This paper introduces the process of shield tunnel construction in the advanced synchronous automatic laser measurement oriented technology, overcomes the artificial measurement process cannot get boring machine real-time posture and deviation, construction more difficult to control, affect the construction progress and shortcomings, the similar project construction provides effective reference.
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Qiao, Xu, Liu, and Wang. "Study on the Horizontal Axis Deviation of a Small Radius TBM Tunnel Based on Winkler Foundation Model." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030784.
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During the construction stage of the small radius TBM (tunnel boring machine) interval, the improper control of the boring parameters and the boring posture can cause the horizontal axis deviation of the shield tunnel. In order to address this issue, the TBM segments lining structure of the small radius interval is simplified as the continuous circular curved beam based on the longitudinal equivalent continuous model and Winkler elastic foundation beam theory. The theoretical model is solved through the transfer matrix method, and its applicability is verified by comparing it with the field monitoring data. It is found that the horizontal axis deviation of the completed tunnel increases with the total jack thrust, and the lateral displacement tends to be stable when the distance between the ring and the tail is far. The horizontal axis deviation has a negative relationship with the thrust difference or path difference when the jack thrust in the outside of the shield curve is larger than that of inside the shield curve. The horizontal axis deviation has a positive relationship with the thrust difference or path difference when the jack thrust in the outside of the shield curve is smaller than that of inside the shield curve.
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Zhang, Zhihuan, and Longhua Ma. "Attitude Correction System and Cooperative Control of Tunnel Boring Machine." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 32, no. 11 (2018): 1859018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001418590188.
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Recently, trajectory misalignment of tunnel boring machine (TBM) has become a key research area. Although TBMs have been extensively applied in tunneling, hunting motion remains due to inhomogeneous ground encountered during tunneling, TBM structures and ambiguity in attitude correction mechanism. In this paper, TBM attitude correction and motion are studied, and optimized fuzzy rule is obtained by taking into account various TBM constraints and the universe of fuzzy control; then, cooperative control over cylinders in various sections is proposed to reduce TBM trajectory tracking deviation from designed tunnel axis; moreover, a cascade control system combining outer-loop trajectory tracking and inner-loop pressure control is developed to enable unmanned automatic tunneling of the TBM. The practical application results reveal that the proposed system demonstrated accurate TBM attitude correction, high stability, strong engineering applicability and feasible real-time control.
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Xu, Hai, Jian Zhou, Panagiotis G. Asteris, Danial Jahed Armaghani, and Mahmood Md Tahir. "Supervised Machine Learning Techniques to the Prediction of Tunnel Boring Machine Penetration Rate." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (2019): 3715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183715.
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Predicting the penetration rate is a complex and challenging task due to the interaction between the tunnel boring machine (TBM) and the rock mass. Many studies highlight the use of empirical and theoretical techniques in predicting TBM performance. However, reliable performance prediction of TBM is of crucial importance to mining and civil projects as it can minimize the risks associated with capital costs. This study presents new applications of supervised machine learning techniques, i.e., k-nearest neighbor (KNN), chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID), support vector machine (SVM), classification and regression trees (CART) and neural network (NN) in predicting the penetration rate (PR) of a TBM. To achieve this aim, an experimental database was set up, based on field observations and laboratory tests for a tunneling project in Malaysia. In the database, uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, rock quality designation, weathering zone, thrust force, and revolution per minute were utilized as inputs to predict PR of TBM. Then, KNN, CHAID, SVM, CART, and NN predictive models were developed to select the best one. A simple ranking technique, as well as some performance indices, were calculated for each developed model. According to the obtained results, KNN received the highest-ranking value among all five predictive models and was selected as the best predictive model of this study. It can be concluded that KNN is able to provide high-performance capacity in predicting TBM PR. KNN model identified uniaxial compressive strength (0.2) as the most important and revolution per minutes (0.14) as the least important factor for predicting the TBM penetration rate.
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Obreja, Claudiu, Gheorghe Stan, Lucian Adrian Mihaila, and Marius Pascu. "Application of Tree Graph Method for Reducing the Total Time of Tool Changing in Milling and Boring Machine Tools." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.431.
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With a view of increasing the productivity on CNC machine tools one of the main solution is to reduce, as much as possible, the auxiliary time consumed with the set-up and replacement of the tools and work pieces engaged in the machining process. Reducing the total time of the tool changing process by the automatic tool changer system can be also achieved through minimizing the number of movements needed for the actual exchange of the tool, from the tool magazine to the machine spindle (the optimization of the tool changing sequences). This paper presents a new design method based on the tree-graph theory. We consider an existing automatic tool changing system, mounted on the milling and boring machining centre, and by applying the new method we obtain all the possible configurations to minimize the tool changing sequence of the automatic tool changer system. By making use of the method proposed we obtain the tool changing sequences with minimum necessary movements needed to exchange the tool. Reconfiguring an existing machine tool provided with an automatic tool changer system by making use of the proposed method leads to obtaining the smallest changing time and thus high productivity.
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Pascu, Marius, Gheorghe Stan, Dragoș Andrioaia, and Lucian Adrian Mihaila. "System for Compensating the Rigidity of the Hydrostatic Guideways of the Column Saddle Subassembly of the Boring and Milling Machines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.627.
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The improvement of the machining accuracy of boring and milling machines is imposed by the more and more demanding conditions on the accuracy of the work pieces to be machined. The specificity of this family, of boring and milling machines, consists of the horizontal motion of the milling spindle (quill) with implications on the application point of the gravity center. Thus, the variation of the application point of the sum of the component elements weights of the column saddle subassembly leads to modifications of the oil film thickness in the hydrostatic guideways, affecting the geometrical accuracy of the machine. This work is presenting a system of compensation and hydrostatic guiding of the column saddle subassembly. This new compensation system allows the pressure in the pockets to be modified by taking in consideration the position of the application point of the weight of the entire column saddle subassembly. The implementation of this compensation and guiding system on the boring and milling machine model AFP 220 has led to an increasing of two times the geometrical accuracy of the horizontality of the column saddle`s motion, compared to the variant without compensation.
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WANG Cai, 王彩, 李月强 LI Yueqiang, and 刘力双 LIU Lishuang. "Horizontal angle measurement of automatic navigation system of pipe jacking machine." Optical Technique 41, no. 3 (2015): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gxjs20154103.0238.
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He, Wen, Guanhua Xu, Zuochao Rong, Gen Li, and Min Liu. "Automatic Calibration System for Digital-Display Vibrometers Based on Machine Vision." Metrology and Measurement Systems 21, no. 2 (2014): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mms-2014-0027.
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Abstract Considering the low efficiency during the process of traditional calibration for digital-display vibrometers, an automatic calibration system for vibrometers based on machine vision is developed. First, an automatic vibration control system is established on the basis of a personal computer, and the output of a vibration exciter on which a digital-display vibrometer to be calibrated is installed, is automatically adjusted to vibrate at a preset vibration level and a preset frequency. Then the display of the vibrometer is captured by a digital camera and identified by means of image recognition. According to the vibration level of the exciter measured by a laser interferometer and the recognized display of the vibrometer, the properties of the vibrometer are calculated and output by the computer. Image recognition algorithms for the display of the vibrometer with a high recognition rate are presented, and the recognition for vibrating digits and alternating digits is especially analyzed in detail. Experimental results on the built-up system show that the prposed image recognition methods are very effective and the system could liberate operators from boring and intense calibration work for digital-display vibrometers
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Zhang, Ning, Ruru Pan, Lei Wang, Shanshan Wang, Jun Xiang, and Weidong Gao. "Automatic seam pucker evaluation using support vector machine classifiers." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, no. 1 (2019): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-03-2018-0046.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel method using support vector machine (SVM) classifiers for objective seam pucker evaluation. Features are extracted using wavelet analysis and gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), and the samples are evaluated using SVM classifiers. The study aims to solve the problem of inappropriate parameters and large required samples in objective seam pucker evaluation. Design/methodology/approach Initially, seam pucker image was captured, and Edge detection and Hough transform were utilized to normalize the seam position and orientation. After cropping the image, the intensity was adjusted to the same identical level through histogram specification. Then, the standard deviations of the horizontal image and diagonal image, reconstructed using wavelet decomposition and reconstruction, were calculated based on parameter optimization. Meanwhile, GLCM was extracted from the restructured horizontal detail image, then the contrast and correlation of GLCM were calculated. Finally, these four features were imported to SVM classifiers based on genetic algorithm for evaluation. Findings The four extracted features reflected linear relationships among five grades. The experimental results showed that the classification accuracy was 96 percent, which catches up to the performance of human vision, and resolves ambiguity and subjective of the manual evaluation. Originality/value There are large required samples in current research. This paper provides a novel method using finite samples, and the parameters of the methods were discussed for parameter optimization. The evaluation results can provide references for analyzing the reason of wrinkles during garment manufacturing.
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Wang, Yahui, Ling Shi, Yiqi Dang, Shengkai Sun, and Huipeng Zhang. "Application of the Headstock of CNC Boring Machine for Tractor Engine Cylinder Block Based on Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, no. 2 (2021): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14459.
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HighlightsThe headstock of the single-sided horizontal CNC boring machine specializing in processing tractor 6-cylinder engine cylinders is optimized.The constraint conditions such as tooth width and modulus are constructed. The model is optimized by the NSGA algorithm, and the optimization results are good.The optimization results of the NSGA algorithm are compared with the results of the weighted sum method and the GA, which highlights the superiority of the NSGA algorithm.ABSTRACT. The tractor is one of the most frequently used equipment in agricultural production, and its mass production is the general trend. With the continuous advancement of the global industrialization process, the importance of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine in the entire industrial production has become more and more prominent, and the application of CNC machine in tractor manufacturing has greatly improved production efficiency. This article takes the headstock of a single-sided horizontal CNC boring machine dedicated to processing tractor 6-cylinder engine cylinders as the research objective, takes the key parameters of the gear train in the headstock as the optimization design variables, constructs constraints, such as modulus, tooth width, etc., establishes a multi-objective optimization mathematical model, uses the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) to process the model and obtains the Pareto solution set through multiple iterations. The optimization results show that the volume, center distance and the reciprocal of coincidence degree of the main shaft 1 transmission group are reduced in varying degrees. Finally, it is compared with the weighted sum method and genetic algorithm (GA) to highlight the superiority of NSGA-II. Keywords: Headstock, Multi-optimization, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II, Tractor cylinder.
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Fu, Xiao Dong, Pei Feng, and Chong Chang Yang. "The Development of the Automatic Cleaning Machine for Spinneret Orifice." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 1322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.1322.
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The automatic cleaning requirements of spinneret orifices were analyzed. The three-dimensional positioning system for spinneret orifices cleaning, combining the XY horizontal motion platform and Z axis electric translational platform, was determined. The cleaning device of spinneret orifices was designed. The control system of automatic cleaning for spinneret orifices was developed based on Labview and the experimental analysis of the prototype was done in this paper.
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Sun, Wei, Hui Ma, Chao Feng Li, and Bang Chun Wen. "Research on Modeling Flow of Volumetric Error for Five-Axis NC Machine Tools." Materials Science Forum 626-627 (August 2009): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.626-627.423.
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Based on the achievements of early works, a volumetric error modeling flow which is based on multi-body system theory is put forward. The flow includes 4 key steps mainly: describing structure, setting up coordinate system, creating characteristic matrix and generating volumetric error model are respectively. The operating method of every step is discussed in detail and the solving formula is given. At last, taking the VMC650 machining center of milling and boring which is developed by a machine tool factory as example, the validity of modeling flow is verified. This study can be used as a reference for opening automatic modeling system.
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Tang, Zhi, Xinyu Jiang, Wenliang Zi, Xin Shen, and Die Zhang. "Automatic Data Collecting and Application of the Touch Probing System on the CNC Machine Tool." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (April 27, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6635559.
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For realizing automatic data collecting of the touch probing system on the CNC machine tool and practicing the application technology of big data from the CNC machining process, a special NC program was developed on the Siemens 840D SL controller to record data with a defined text format, and they were uploaded onto the host computer automatically. With the help of DB management software in the host PC, data obtained were sent into the MES database regularly, and then automatic data collecting of manufacturing process information was realized. With the big data technology, three applications based on big data technology have been listed. They are duo active error detection on the probing system, geometrical accuracy monitoring, and management of the cutting parameter and tool life. Tests of cutting on the platen of an injection molding machine with a PAMA SR3000 floor-type CNC boring-milling machine proved that the new technology achieves its design objectives.
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Mei, Yongbing, Yimin Xia, Laikuang Lin, Yongliang Cheng, and Cong Qian. "Influence Factors of Vibration Response on Supporting-Thrusting System of Tunnel Boring Machine." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (July 29, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4650153.
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A supporting-thrusting system is the main load-bearing component of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) and the centralization of vibration response under TBM working. This study combines the structure and working principle of the supporting-thrusting system. Based on the vibration theory and test results at a construction site, the main influence factors of the vibration response of the supporting-thrusting system are the main beam structure, the characteristic parameters of advance cylinder, and the support pressure to surrounding rock. Under the different influence factors, the vibration response of the supporting-thrusting system is calculated and analyzed via computer simulation. The results indicate that, under the equivalent input-load on the TBM and increase in the length of the front main beam, the vibration acceleration at the front area of the TBM increases. The change rate of vertical vibration will be maximum, while the vibration acceleration at the rear area of TBM decreases. When the structure size of the thrusting cylinder increases, the vibration acceleration on the main beam decreases and those of the gripper shoe and saddle frame increase. However, the response to the axis vibration is the most sensitive. As the horizontal support pressure to the surrounding rock increases, the vibration acceleration on supporting-thrusting system decreases. When the level of support pressure exceeds 1.6e4 kN, the vibration acceleration changes gradually. These results provide a reference for designing and operating TBM parameters.
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Yadav, Bharosh Kumar, Nischal Pokhrel, Dinesh Khatiwada, Madan Khanal, Triratna Bajracharya, and Rabin Dhakal. "Design, Fabrication, and Performance Analysis of an Automatic Horizontal Egg Incubator." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 16, no. 1 (2021): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v16i1.36557.
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This research paper presents the design, construction, and performance testing of an automatic electrically powered egg incubator utilizing the horizontal placement of eggs. This experimental research was driven by the specific design and construction of a well-insulated rectangular egg-incubating box of dimension 400 mm × 600 mm × 500 mm and thickness 30 mm, where sample eggs were kept for experimental test analysis under the favorable temperature and humidity inside the box, which was automatically controlled. The device was made to operate under the temperature range of 37°C – 38°C, which was found to be adequate for developing embryos and also maintaining relative humidity at the range of 45–60% for the first 18 days and 60–90% for the last three days. Finally, in this machine, the egg tray was adjusted horizontally, and a motor clamped mechanism was used 5 times a day which was controlled automatically by a micro-controller for the motion of eggs up to 18 days of incubation. In conclusion, this egg-incubating machine has an efficiency and hatchability of 72.22%.
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Zhou, Zi Qiang, and Jing Hu Yu. "Architecture for 3D Scanning Based Automatic Spraying Machine." Key Engineering Materials 464 (January 2011): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.464.65.
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Nowadays, the generally used automatic spraying machines are only suitable for mass products or components. The usage for multi-type and small-batch products is much limited for its time and labor consuming off-line programming. So this paper present a 3D scanning based 4-axies driving automatic spraying machine to overcome the bottle-neck of programming. By the laser installed under the horizontal slid table of the machine a linear structured light is projected on the surface of the work piece. Besides, two cameras are also symmetrically installed on the side of the laser to acquire the image. The real-time images of the camera are acquired into the computer by the image acquisition board. And then a program will process the images and output the featured point of the work pieces. According to these points, a specially designed algorithm based on the spraying principle will find out the trajectory of the spraying gun. Finally, through the PCI based motion control board, the controlling pulses are sending to the controller of the stepper motor. Then the spraying gun can move along the trajectory to painting the work piece.
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Nakaminami, Masamitsu, Tsutomu Tokuma, Kazuhiko Matsumoto, Sachinori Sakashita, Toshimichi Moriwaki, and Keiichi Nakamoto. "Optimal Structure Design Methodology for Compound Multiaxis Machine Tools - II - Investigation of Basic Structure -." International Journal of Automation Technology 1, no. 2 (2007): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2007.p0087.
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Compound multiaxis machine tools are used to machine high-value-added parts through integrating milling and turning. Compound machine tools are generally structured based on a conventional NC lathe by incorporating Y axis and automatic tool changer (ATC) components for milling. Due to complexity of the structure and functional versatility required for a compound machine tool, accuracy, productivity, and return on investment (ROI) must be improved over conventional NC lathes and machining centers. In the sections that follow, we discuss design methodology for compound multiaxis machine tools, focusing on the design of an optimal basic structure for high accuracy and high productivity. We propose a box in box structure, a movable column-Y axis, and a boring machine structure. We analyzed static rigidity, dynamic features, and movement accuracy of machine structures theoretically using FEM for three proposed structures. We found that the box in box structure is suitable for compound multiaxis machine tools to achieve high accuracy and high productivity.
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Bian, Chen, Junxia Jiang, and Yinglin Ke. "End stiffness modeling for automatic horizontal dual-machine cooperative drilling and riveting system." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 104, no. 1-4 (2019): 1521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04087-1.
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Han, Gui Hua, Bing Wei Gao, Yun Fei Wang, Gui Tao Sun, Di Wu, and Jun Peng Shao. "Optimization Design on Ribbed Slab for Crossbeam of Heavy NC Gantry Moving Boring & Milling Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 3386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.3386.
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In order to improve the dynamic characteristics of crossbeam of heavy NC gantry moving boring & milling machine, the ribbed slab structure of beam were analyzed and optimized with the finite element analysis software, and the comprehensive optimization method of the number, size and layout of ribbed slab were putted forward based on the classification of ribbed slab structure. According to the result of the finite element analysis, the internal type and horizontal spacing of ribbed slab are optimized to get the best number, spacing, thickness and height of ribbed slab; Under the required intensity, stiffness and stability conditions materials are distributed reasonably to reduce beam weight which make little deformation and the uniform stress distribution. The comprehensive optimization method study has reference value for ribbed slab structure design.
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Li, Yue Qiang, and Ya Ke Liu. "Design Model of the Tunnel Axis and its Algorithm Implementation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 103 (September 2011): 570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.103.570.
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With a large number of construction projects building in urban rail construction, it’s very necessary for researching on the construction axis. Construction axis of the subway is consisted of line segment, circular arc segment and transition curve. The paper introduces design models and algorithms of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) axis (DTA). By analyzing the DTA characteristics of each curve, summing up their general characters, we ultimately make a unified common algorithm and geodetic coordinate calculation model of the design axis in horizontal and vertical planes. It will be very useful for the process of underground construction.
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Sun, Jian Ye, Wen Juan Sun, and Guo Xun Wang. "A Research and Development of Composite Boring and Milling CNC System Based on PMAC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 464 (November 2013): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.464.247.
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In view of a specific composite boring and milling machining center, studies the application of PMAC multi-axis motion controller in the development of numerical control system, expounds the system's hardware structure and software control; By constructing double CPU NC system with PC and PMAC, achieves motor's synchronization control and switches of biaxial group; By user-defined MT codes, compiles subroutine codes, using PMAC's perform software PEWIN32PRO writes PLC programs, builds a kind of double tool magazine automatic tool change system; At the same time, with the help of a high-level programming language VC#, establishes friendly man-machine interface for real-time feedback of each axis movement situation, the system operation is simple, real-time, and strong portability.
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SHAO, Chengjun. "Trajectory Tracking Control in Horizontal Direction of Open-type Hard Rock Tunnel Boring Machine Based on Adaptive Robust Control Strategy." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 54, no. 1 (2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2018.01.113.
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Chen, An Pang, Po Wen Hwang, and Jia Horng Lin. "Manufacturing and Functions of Bamboo Charcoal/Stainless Steel Composite Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.313.
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In this study, the covered yarn, composed of stainless steel wires as the core and bamboo charcoal roving as the sheath, is made on a ring spinning machine and then knitted into bamboo charcoal/stainless steel fabric by an automatic 14-gauge horizontal knitting machine. According to the test results, both far infrared emissivity and the anion count of bamboo charcoal/stainless steel fabric increase with an increase in bamboo charcoal content.
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Luo, Qin, Qing Dong, and Zuyuan Yang. "Safety Design of a Horizontal Semi-Continuous Caster for Magnesium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 488-489 (July 2005): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.488-489.523.
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The process of the safety design process, the structure principle and the key technology are described. The technology of dual molder, gas-water combined condensation, online fire fighting and infrared thermo-induction automatic disconnecting relief valve is used in this machine, which , compared to the current domestic “erect-pit output” technology, enjoys higher security & reliability during the production, higher effiiciency and better stability of the products. It perfectly meets the demand of the “horizontal output” process.
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Liu, Xiaojian, Yang Wang, Lemiao Qiu, Chenrui Wu, Peng Zhang, and Shuyou Zhang. "An improved geometric error analysis method considering the variety of sensitivities over working space." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 8 (2018): 168781401879238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018792389.
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Machine tool accuracy analysis has become increasingly important since accuracy as the major parameter of a machine is to a large extent determined by geometric accuracy design. In order to improve the comprehensiveness and veracity of geometric accuracy design, this article proposes an improved geometric error analysis method considering the variety of sensitivities over working space. A multi-rigid-body model which includes cutting tool’s wear-out error and workpiece’s clamping error is established to represent the position relationship of machine tool’s working components. The expression of geometric error is converted from matrix form to screw form through the screw mapping theory, so that rotational error can be expressed and calculated directly like the translational error. Considering motion errors along axes over the whole working space instead of at a fixed position, an improved sensitivity analysis algorithm is conducted to identify, among 38 components of errors increased the variety with tool wear and clamping errors, which of them have a significant impact on four different types of machine errors. Finally, the proposed method was implemented and validated on a horizontal boring machine, and the sensitivity analysis results over working space would offer vital evidence for the machine’s geometric accuracy design.
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Chavan, Roshan Gangadhar. "Automated Chair Design for an Excavator Machine." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 3 (2021): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2021.6.3.2389.
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The design & development of automated chair is done in the project for the Excavator machine to ensure the comfort of the rider ensured for any angle of work being carried out by the excavator. The various components like the chair, support rod, rod end eye bearing, the control valves for the flow, pressure and direction, hose pipe and hydraulic cylinder are used to make the model of the automatic chair. The various electronic components like the proximity sensors, relays and SMPS are utilized to control and regulate the incline and decline of the chair as per the machine’s inclination so that horizontal position of the chair can be attained. The part designing and the assembly of all components are conducted in CATIA software. The circuit diagram for the proximity sensor is also made. The model is fabricated using the tools and equipment like the gas cutter, grinding machine, bending machine etc. The prepared model is tested for the incline and decline of the chair at 20˚ angle using the real-life working parameter of the machine. From the test the chair is observed to properly attain the horizontal position along with actuation of hydraulic cylinder by making sure that operator’s centre of gravity is maintained to ensure the comfort of rider.
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Huo, Junzhou, Hanyang Wu, Guangqing Li, Wei Sun, and Jing Chen. "The Coupling Dynamic Analysis and Field Test of TBM Main System under Multipoint Impact Excitation." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/313259.
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Damage by excessive vibration is serious engineering problem in TBM boring process. Dynamic characteristic analysis is essential for TBM antivibration design. According to TBM horizontal support structure, a dynamic coupling nonlinear model is established, with consideration of time-varying impact load and multicomponent complex relationship from cutter to gripper shoe. A set of field vibration tests is set up to accurately collect data under extreme work conditions; then, field data is collected from Liaoning northwest engineering. Field data is applied to validate simulation model to make sure time-varying damping stiffness, support cylinder stiffness, and the TBM machine stiffness distribution are reasonable. Simulation indicates the weakest part of TBM in axial and torsional DOF is the cylinder hinge and the connection shaft between motor and pinion, and the horizontal and vertical weak parts are bull gear. It also shows that, in normal excavation conditions, the acceleration amplitude of the cutterhead in three directions ranges from 1.5 g to 2 g. These results provide theoretical basis for the antivibration design and structural optimization of TBM.
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Jiang, Junxia, Chen Bian, Yunbo Bi, and Yinglin Ke. "A new type of inner-side working head for automatic drilling and riveting system." Assembly Automation 39, no. 1 (2019): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-09-2017-107.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to design, analyze and optimize a new type of inner-side working head for automatic horizontal dual-machine cooperative drilling and riveting system. The inner-side working head is the key component of automatic drilling and riveting system, and it is a challenge to design an inner-side working head which must be stiffness and stable with a compact structure to realize its functions.Design/methodology/approachAccording to the assembly structure features of large aircraft panels and riveting process requirements, a new type of inner-side working head is designed for pressure riveting. The force condition of the inner-side working head during the riveting process is analyzed and the deformation model is established. Design optimization is performed based on genetic algorithm and finite element analysis. The optimized inner-side working head is tested with automatic horizontal dual-machine cooperative drilling and riveting system.FindingsThe deformation model provides the precision compensation basis for control system. Application test results show that the automatic drilling and riveting system can realize assembly of large aircraft panel with high efficiency and quality through the inner-side working head.Research limitations/implicationsThe inner-side working head has been used in aircraft panel assembly.Practical implicationsThe inner-side working head has been used in aircraft panel assembly.Originality/valueThis paper presents the design, analysis and optimization of a new type of inner-side working head which can realize automatic riveting for aircraft panel. The research will promote the automation of aircraft panel assembly.
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Wang, Ying Jie, Wei Zhao, and Zhi Ping Wang. "Research on the Teaching Numerical Lathe Machine Based on Mach3." Key Engineering Materials 584 (September 2013): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.584.231.
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According to the demands of teaching, it is designed and manufactured that a new visual model of CNC turning lathe with assembles the horizontal bed and inclined bed in one. As it can display the structure of CNC lathe directly and intuitively, the model can be used for the teaching of CNC courses. The model has micro-switch, which can be used to control the movement of the workplace, and the automatic feed strokes of the tool, thus avoiding the collisions during manufacturing. Meanwhile, the test proved that it can cut the nylon, wood, engineering plastics and so on, so this model can satisfy the demands of teaching.
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Rubtsov, M. A. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF DYNAMIC MODEL OF THE COLUMN OF HORIZONTAL MULTI-AXIS BORING MACHINE WITH HYDRAULIC JACKS COMPLEX AS THE CONTROL TARGET." Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 2 (2016): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2073-5073-2016-2-59-66.
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Xin, Jin, Zhao Kaixuan, Ji Jiangtao, Ma Hao, Pang Jing, and Qiu Zhaomei. "Design and experiment of automatic transplanting device for potted tomato seedlings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 3 (2018): 1045–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218762954.
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In this study, an automatic machine for transplanting potted tomato seedlings was designed, based on the analysis of physical characteristics of the main varieties of tomato seedlings. The machine is composed of a horizontal and vertical seedling supply mechanism, a picking mechanism composed with a gear-rod component, a planting part featured with an eccentric-disk parallelogram duckbilled mechanism, and a control system. The control system included position sensors, stepper motor, variable-frequency motor and program controller. The force condition for successful picking potted tomato seedlings was studied by analyzing the force and motion during the taking procedure with the use of analytical graphic method. Combined with the parameters of physical characteristics of tomato seedlings, the key parameters of the machine was determined, which included L1 = 105 mm as the distance between the point of the gripper needles and the center of rotation, L0 = 18 mm as the initial opening distance between the two gripper needles, and s = 40 mm as the distance between the two gripper needles when they were at the upper hinge point of the clamping hands. The key structure and the parameters of the seedlings-taking part were determined by theoretical calculation according to the position of the seedling during taking and dropping procedure, and the requirement of the motion. The machine was tested by using the potted tomato seedlings. The result showed that the seedling picking rate was 92.35%–86.61%, and the leakage rate was 12.57%–18.03%, when the transplanting speed was between 60 and 90 seedlings per minute. The result demonstrated that the machine was feasible to transplant the potted tomato seedlings efficiently.
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Sun, Jian, De Hong Zhao, Hong Sun, et al. "Design and Simulation of the Hydraulic System for the Rock Hob Test-Bed." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.565.
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Rock tunnel boring machine is one of the main machineries and equipments for underground engineering ,and the failure of tool systems is the main failure form of this machinery. Rock hob test-bed is the only testing equipment for tool failure and wear. In this paper, the hydraulic-driven system of the rock hob test bench is designed and simulated, and the effect of load and flow rate of hydraulic oil in this hydraulic system on characteristics of this test-bad is analyzed. The results show that the horizontal movement speed of test bench is directly proportional to the flow rate, but the effect of the load on this speed can be ignored; the delay of the movement of the test bench are proportional to the load. These results are very helpful to the structure optimization of tool system and the improvement of working efficiency.
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KHARCHENKO, A. O., S. M. BRATAN, and E. A. VLADETSKAYA. "IMPROVEMENT OF MACHINE EQUIPMENT FOR PRECISION PROCESSING OF PARTS IN FLOATING WORKSHOPS." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology 3 (2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2020-341-3-31-38.
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The article discusses the results of research and development in the direction of improving machine equipment for precision machining of parts in the conditions of floating workshops by increasing the vibration resistance of the technological system and reducing the harmful effects of the external environment (sea waves) and neighboring operating equipment The traditional vibration–isolating supports of the machines cannot be used at floating workshops due to their loss of functioning under the rolling pitch of the floating base and horizontal displacements under its influence. New effective design variants of the vibration protection device of precision machine tools and supports with active vibration isolation are described, which allow automatic control of the damping of the machine vibration–isolating support under external influences.
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Gbémou, Shab, Julien Eynard, Stéphane Thil, Emmanuel Guillot, and Stéphane Grieu. "A Comparative Study of Machine Learning-Based Methods for Global Horizontal Irradiance Forecasting." Energies 14, no. 11 (2021): 3192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113192.
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The proliferation of photovoltaic (PV) power generation in power distribution grids induces increasing safety and service quality concerns for grid operators. The inherent variability, essentially due to meteorological conditions, of PV power generation affects the power grid reliability. In order to develop efficient monitoring and control schemes for distribution grids, reliable forecasting of the solar resource at several time horizons that are related to regulation, scheduling, dispatching, and unit commitment, is necessary. PV power generation forecasting can result from forecasting global horizontal irradiance (GHI), which is the total amount of shortwave radiation received from above by a surface horizontal to the ground. A comparative study of machine learning methods is given in this paper, with a focus on the most widely used: Gaussian process regression (GPR), support vector regression (SVR), and artificial neural networks (ANN). Two years of GHI data with a time step of 10 min are used to train the models and forecast GHI at varying time horizons, ranging from 10 min to 4 h. Persistence on the clear-sky index, also known as scaled persistence model, is included in this paper as a reference model. Three criteria are used for in-depth performance estimation: normalized root mean square error (nRMSE), dynamic mean absolute error (DMAE) and coverage width-based criterion (CWC). Results confirm that machine learning-based methods outperform the scaled persistence model. The best-performing machine learning-based methods included in this comparative study are the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network and the GPR model using a rational quadratic kernel with automatic relevance determination.
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Zeighami Moghaddam, Mahshid, Gessica Umili, Vito Messina, et al. "An SVM-Based Scheme for Automatic Identification of Architectural Line Features and Cracks." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (2020): 5077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155077.
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This research investigates fundamental problems in object recognition in earthen heritage and addresses the possibility of an automatic crack detection method for rammed earth images. We propose and validate a straightforward support vector machine (SVM)-based bidirectional morphological approach to automatically generate crack and texture line maps through transforming a surface image into an intermediate representation. Rather than relying on the application of the eight connectivity rule to a combination of horizontal and vertical gradient to extract edges, we instruct an edge classifier in the form of a support vector machine from features computed on each direction separately. The model couples a bidirectional local gradient and geometrical characteristics. It constitutes of four elements: (1) bidirectional edge maps; (2) bidirectional equivalent connected component maps; (3) SVM-based classifier and (4) crack and architectural line feature map generation. Relevant details are discussed in each part. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm is verified in a set of simulations that is satisfactorily conforming to labeled data provided manually for surface images of earthen heritage.
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Sun, Xue Dong, Lian Feng Zhao, Tian Tian Niu, and Han Ming Cai. "Control System Design of the Automatic Sorting and Palletizing Manipulator for Passenger Car Tire." Advanced Materials Research 542-543 (June 2012): 914–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.542-543.914.
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In this paper the object of study is automatic sorting and palletizing manipulator for passenger car tire. It designed the driving mechanism and control system of the manipulator. There are 3 degrees of freedom with the automatic sorting and palletizing manipulator in this paper. The horizontal and vertical movement of manipulator's movable parts is drived by servo motor. And manipulator's gripper grabs and places tires by cylinder drive. In addition, the centering device opens or tightens 4 embraced arms by cylinder drive. A touch-screen is used as the man-machine interface, which can represent manipulator's operation process and results. Realizing the control of the manipulator by PLC combined with the corresponding software programming.
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Lai, Chang, Jiyao Xu, Jia Yue, et al. "Automatic Extraction of Gravity Waves from All-Sky Airglow Image Based on Machine Learning." Remote Sensing 11, no. 13 (2019): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11131516.
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With the development of ground-based all-sky airglow imager (ASAI) technology, a large amount of airglow image data needs to be processed for studying atmospheric gravity waves. We developed a program to automatically extract gravity wave patterns in the ASAI images. The auto-extraction program includes a classification model based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and an object detection model based on faster region-based convolutional neural network (Faster R-CNN). The classification model selects the images of clear nights from all ASAI raw images. The object detection model locates the region of wave patterns. Then, the wave parameters (horizontal wavelength, period, direction, etc.) can be calculated within the region of the wave patterns. Besides auto-extraction, we applied a wavelength check to remove the interference of wavelike mist near the imager. To validate the auto-extraction program, a case study was conducted on the images captured in 2014 at Linqu (36.2°N, 118.7°E), China. Compared to the result of the manual check, the auto-extraction recognized less (28.9% of manual result) wave-containing images due to the strict threshold, but the result shows the same seasonal variation as the references. The auto-extraction program applies a uniform criterion to avoid the accidental error in manual distinction of gravity waves and offers a reliable method to process large ASAI images for efficiently studying the climatology of atmospheric gravity waves.
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Jin, Yang, and Yunling Duan. "Wavelet Scattering Network-Based Machine Learning for Ground Penetrating Radar Imaging: Application in Pipeline Identification." Remote Sensing 12, no. 21 (2020): 3655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12213655.
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Automatic and efficient ground penetrating radar (GPR) data analysis remains a bottleneck, especially restricting applications in real-time monitoring systems. Deep learning approaches have good practice in automatic object identification, but their intensive data requirement has reduced their applicability. This paper developed a machine learning framework based on wavelet scattering networks to analyze GPR data for subsurface pipeline identification. Wavelet scattering network is functionally equivalent to convolutional neural networks, and its null-parameter property is intended for non-intensive datasets. A double-channel framework is designed with wavelet scattering networks followed by support vector machines to determine the existence of pipelines on vertical and horizontal traces separately. Classification accuracy rates arrive around 98% and 95% for datasets without and with noises, respectively, as well as 97% for considering surface roughness. Pipeline locations and diameters are convenient to determine from the reconstructed profiles of both simulated and practical GPR signals. However, the results of 5 cm pipelines are sensitive to noises. Nonetheless, the developed machine learning approach presents promising applicability in subsurface pipeline identification.
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Bulgakov, Volodymyr, Volodymyr Kuvachov, Ladislav Nozdrovický, Pavol Findura, Stanislav Smolinskyi, and Yevhen Ihnatiev. "The Study of Movement of the Wide Span Tractor-Based Field Machine Unit with Power Method of its Control." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 21, no. 4 (2018): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2018-0029.
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Abstract Recently, rapid development of controlled traffic farming convincingly demonstrates the broad prospects of using the wide span tractor-based field machines throughout the world. The issue at hand lies in the fact that having a wide span tractor-based machine with steering-wheel system moving along the tracks of a constant technological track is not a rational option. According to the concept of bridge and rutting agriculture, it is advisable to subordinate the automated means of mechanization to the principles of the functioning of the coordinate transport system in which machines can move only in two mutually perpendicular directions and for implementation of which the field must have strictly defined dimensions. Therefore, a method of power steering similar to a crawler tractor (track-type tractor) can be more efficient in the automatic driving of bridge means of mechanization within the coordinate-transport system than a kinematic control. Furthermore, methodology utilized for selection of design schemes, parameters and operating modes of machine-tractor aggregates can not be used for study of dynamics of the wide span tractor-based field machine. Theoretical study is based on theoretical mechanics, theory of mobile energy facilities, statistical dynamics and theory of automatic control of linear dynamical systems with reproduction of statistically random control and disturbing input effects. Purpose of the research lies in development of a dynamic model of plane parallel motion in the horizontal plane of a wide span tractor-based field machine unit using a power (onboard) method of control, which would allow investigation of impacts of the control parameters and disturbing influences on the controllability and stability of its motion. Mathematical models have been developed and new regularities of the straightforward parallel movement of the wide span tractor-based field machine unit for controlled traffic farming have been obtained. The results obtained allow the validation of new schemes, design parameters and modes of operation with acceptable controllability and stability of movement in the horizontal plane with a power control method of the chassis.
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Wodecki, Jacek, Mateusz Góralczyk, Pavlo Krot, et al. "Process Monitoring in Heavy Duty Drilling Rigs—Data Acquisition System and Cycle Identification Algorithms." Energies 13, no. 24 (2020): 6748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246748.
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The monitoring of drilling processes is a well-known topic in the mining industry. It is widely used for rock mass characterization, bit wear monitoring and drilling process assessment. However on-board monitoring systems used for this purpose are installed only on a limited number of machines, and breakdowns are possible. There is a need for a data acquisition system that can be used on different drilling rigs and for an automatic data analysis procedure. In this paper, we focused on the automatic detection of drilling cycles, presenting a simple yet reliable system to be universally installed on drilling rigs. The proposed solution covers hardware and software. It is based on the measurement of electric current and acoustic signals. The signal processing methods include threshold-based segmentation, a short-time envelope spectrum and a spectrum for the representation of results. The results of the research have been verified on a real drilling rig within the testing site of its manufacturer by comparing the results with the data of the on-board monitoring system installed on the machine. Novel aspects of our approach include the detection of the pre-boring stage, which has an intermediate amplitude that masks the real drilling cycles, and the use of the percussion instantaneous frequency, which is estimated by acoustic recordings.
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Liu, Chao, Zhuohua Peng, Liufeng Pan, et al. "Influence of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) Advance on Adjacent Tunnel during Ultra-Rapid Underground Pass (URUP) Tunneling: A Case Study and Numerical Investigation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (2020): 3746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113746.
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This study investigates the influence of subsequent tunnel boring machine (TBM)-driven processes on the responses of the first tunnel in twin-tunnel construction using the ultra-rapid underground pass (URUP) method. A comprehensive finite element analysis (FEA) is performed to simulate the URUP TBM tunneling, considering the non-uniform convergence caused by the TBM geometry, the tunnel face supporting pressure, and the tail-grouting pressure. The FEA model is validated by the monitoring results of the bending element of the first tunnel lining. The FEA results reveal that the grouting pressure of the second tunnel has significant influence on lining deformation of the first tunnel, while the face supporting pressure shows little effect. The relationship between the grouting pressure and the maximum bending moment of adjacent first tunnel can be fitted by linear function. A grouting pressure equals to the lateral earth pressure is able the reduce the variation of the bending element of the first tunnel during the TBM-driven process of the second tunnel. The bending element of the first tunnel shows a typical lognormal relationship with the face supporting pressure during the TBM advance of the second tunnel. A critical cover-to-depth ratio, under which the horizontal and vertical soil arching effect vanishes, can be deduced to be within the range of 0.55–0.60.
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Guo, Shijie, Shufeng Tang, and Dongsheng Zhang. "A Recognition Methodology for the Key Geometric Errors of a Multi-Axis Machine Tool Based on Accuracy Retentivity Analysis." Complexity 2019 (November 22, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8649496.
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This paper proposes a recognition methodology for key geometric errors using the feature extraction method and accuracy retentivity analysis and presents the approach of optimization compensation of the geometric error of a multiaxis machine tool. The universal kinematics relations of the multiaxis machine tool are first modelled mathematically based on screw theory. Then, the retentivity of geometric accuracy with respect to the geometric error is defined based on the mapping between the constitutive geometric errors and the time domain. The results show that the variation in the spatial error vector is nonlinear while considering the operation time of the machine tool and the position of the motion axes. Based on this aspect, key factors are extracted that simultaneously consider the correlation, similarity, and sensitivity of the geometric error terms, and the results reveal that the effect of the position-independent geometric errors (PIGEs) on the error vectors of the position and orientation is greater than that of the position-dependent geometric errors (PDGEs) of the linear and rotary axes. Then, the fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) is adopted to determine the compensation values through multiobjective tradeoffs between accuracy retentivity and fluctuation in the geometric errors. Finally, an experiment on a four-axis horizontal boring machine tool is used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The experimental results show that the variations in the precision of each test piece are lower than 25.0%, and the maximum variance in the detection indexes between the finished test pieces is 0.002 mm when the optimized parameters are used for error compensation. This method not only recognizes the key geometric errors but also compensates for the geometric error of the machine tool based on the accuracy retentivity analysis results. The results show that the proposed methodology can effectively enhance the machining accuracy.
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Wang, Gang. "Design and Realization of Solar Energy Maximum Power Point Automatic Tracking System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 339 (July 2013): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.339.533.
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Aiming at the low generating efficiency of the current solar energy generating system, solar energy maximum power point tracking control system based on STC89C52 is designed and made. The photoelectric detection and tracking is adopted as the control mode in the system. By using stepping motor as driving mechanism, comprehensive trace of the sun is realized by controlling the movement of tracking mechanism in the horizontal and pitching directions. Based on this, real-time detection of wind velocity and change of wind direction is realized by wind velocity and direction transducer which is equipped on the tracking mechanism, which makes the system automatically avoid the typhoon above level 8 to weaken the damage to panel by the storm. The experiment results of model machine indicate that the system has reliable performance which can satisfy the need of auto-solar track, it can also make the panel orient towards east again after darkness to realize daily circular run and it is of relatively high practical value.
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Irwan, Yusril, and Gatot Pamungkas. "ENENTUAN PARAMETER PENGELASAN RANGKA UTAMA SEPEDA MOTOR MATIC BAGIAN DEPAN MENGGUNAKAN LAS MIG OTOMATIS (PANASONIC TM-1400G3)." POROS 15, no. 1 (2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/poros.v15i1.1254.
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Abstract: Main frame welding at the front automatic motorcycle of PT. XXX is the stage of (trial production). The welding machine is Panasonic TM-1400G3 MIG automatic welding machine with 75% Argon and 25% Ar-CO2. Main frame material low carbon steel STAM 390G. To obtain the welding results in accordance with the standards specified by the client, weld testing parameters are varied for each test, which are ampere and voltage. The constant welding parameters in this research are travel speed, gas flow, welding direction, tip distance to workpiece, torch angle and welding angle. All test results are inspected visually and dimensionally, if passed, it will be followed by inspection of macro structure analysis. The results measured on the macro structure analysis ar : penetration (a1), penetration (a2), bead welding, throuth, leg length and crown with standard measurement values determined by the client PT.XXX. The welding results (OK) in the macro structure analysis measurement are defined as reference parameters for mass production. The best parameters for main frame welding are vertical position down (3G) with 170 Ampere current and 20 Volt voltages, and for horizontal position (2G) with 180 ampere current parameters and 17 Volt voltages.
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Liu, Chengyu, Binglong Wang, and Shunhua Zhou. "Shield Tunneling under Railway Station Throats in Soft Soil Areas: A Case Study." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (September 8, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2080678.
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Railway station throats have the most stringent standards for permissible deformation caused by adjacent construction. This paper describes the case of a safely implemented shield tunneling project beneath the throat of a large railway station with more than 11 tracks in soft soil areas. By identifying major design constraints, the route scheme and line alignment were established to balance the engineering conditions, which have a potential impact on the railway switches. Finite element model simulations were performed to estimate the track displacements. These simulations demonstrated the need for ground improvement. The ground improvement strategy involved the use of compact machinery to operate in the small area between the tracks. Furthermore, the earth-pressure-balanced shield machine, tunnel segments, and synchronized slurry were optimized to the site conditions. A trial section of tunnel boring was used before reaching the railway to confirm appropriate shield machine parameters. An automatic monitoring system provided continuous feedback for precise control of the construction parameters. Ultimately, the construction project achieved its goals, causing a maximum track displacement of 8.4 mm. This report also describes our experience in organizing a joint workshop consisting of the railway administration and operation teams, the metro design team, and construction, survey, and consulting companies to enhance project planning. This study provides valuable insight and can serve as an important reference for similar future projects.
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Beghoul, Mohammed, and Rafik Demagh. "Slurry shield tunneling in soft ground. Comparison between field data and 3D numerical simulation." Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 41, no. 3 (2019): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2019-0003.
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Abstract In urban areas, the control of ground surface settlement is an important issue during shield tunnel-boring machine (TBM) tunneling. These ground movements are affected by many machine control parameters. In this article, a finite difference (FD) model is developed using Itasca FLAC-3D to numerically simulate the whole process of shield TBM tunneling. The model simulates important components of the mechanized excavation process including slurry pressure on the excavation face, shield conicity, installation of segmental lining, grout injection in the annular void, and grout consolidation. The analysis results from the proposed method are compared and discussed in terms of ground movements (both vertical and horizontal) with field measurements data. The results reveal that the proposed 3D simulation is sufficient and can reasonably reproduce all the operations achieved by the TBM. In fact, the results show that the TBM parameters can be controlled to have acceptable levels of surface settlement. In particular, it seems that moderate face pressure can reduce ground movement significantly and, most importantly, can prevent the occurrence of face-expected instability when the shield crosses very weak soil layers. The shield conicity has also an important effect on ground surface settlement, which can be partly compensated by the grout pressure during tail grouting. Finally, the injection pressure at the rear of the shield significantly reduces the vertical displacements at the crown of the tunnel and, therefore, reduces the settlement at the ground surface.
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Bottelin, Pierre, Laurent Baillet, Aurore Carrier, et al. "Toward Workable and Cost-Efficient Monitoring of Unstable Rock Compartments with Ambient Noise." Geosciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11060242.
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Ambient Vibration-Based Structural Health Monitoring (AVB–SHM) studies on prone-to-fall rock compartments have recently succeeded in detecting both pre-failure damaging processes and reinforcement provided by bolting. The current AVB–SHM instrumentation layout is yet generally an overkill, creating cost and power issues and sometimes requiring advanced signal processing techniques. In this article, we paved the way toward an innovative edge-computing approach tested on ambient vibration records made during the bolting of a ~760 m3 limestone rock column (Vercors, France). First, we established some guidelines for prone-to-fall rock column AVB–SHM by comparing several basic, computing-efficient, seismic parameters (i.e., Fast Fourier Transform, Horizontal to Vertical and Horizontal to Horizontal Spectral Ratios). All three parameters performed well in revealing the unstable compartment’s fundamental resonance frequency. HHSR appeared as the most consistent spectral estimator, succeeding in revealing both the fundamental and higher modes. Only the fundamental mode should be trustfully monitored with HVSR since higher peaks may be artifacts. Then, the first application of a novelty detection algorithm on an unstable rock column AVB–SHM case study showed the following: the feasibility of automatic removing the adverse thermomechanical fluctuations in column’s dynamic parameters based on machine learning, as well as the systematic detection of clear, permanent change in column’s dynamic behavior after grout injection and hardening around the bolts (i1 and i2). This implementation represents a significant workload reduction, compared to physical-based algorithms or numerical twin modeling, and shows better robustness with regard to instrumentation gaps. We believe that edge-computing monitoring systems combining basic seismic signal processing techniques and automatic detection algorithms could help facilitate AVB–SHM of remote natural structures such as prone-to-fall rock compartments.