Academic literature on the topic 'Automatic indexing. eng'

Arousals during sleep are transient accelerations of the EEG signal, considered to reflect sleep perturbations associated with poorer sleep quality. They are typically detected by visual inspection, which is time consuming, subjective, and prevents good comparability across scorers, studies and research centres. We developed a fully automatic algorithm which aims at detecting artefact and arousal events in whole-night EEG recordings, based on time-frequency analysis with adapted thresholds derived from individual data. We ran an automated detection of arousals over 35 sleep EEG recordings in healthy young and older individuals and compared it against human visual detection from two research centres with the aim to evaluate the algorithm performance. Comparison across human scorers revealed a high variability in the number of detected arousals, which was always lower than the number detected automatically. Despite indexing more events, automatic detection showed high agreement with human detection as reflected by its correlation with human raters and very good Cohen’s kappa values. Finally, the sex of participants and sleep stage did not influence performance, while age may impact automatic detection, depending on the human rater considered as gold standard. We propose our freely available algorithm as a reliable and time-sparing alternative to visual detection of arousals.

Image processing techniques have been used over the years to convert printed material into electronic form. In our work we exploit the fact that some applications may find such conversions redundant and yet satisfactorily meet the demands of the end user. Using the horizontal and vertical white-spaces present in any document, independent regions of text, pictures, tables etc. could be identified. Inherent characteristic disparities were then used to distinguish pictures from text, and section-headings from the explanations that follow them. A table of contents, showing the heading and the associated page number, was generated and displayed on the browser. Each heading was hyperlinked to the corresponding page of the original document. HTML code was written dynamically, using file handling techniques in MATLAB to accommodate for variable number of headings obtained for different documents and also from different pages of a single document. The platform thus developed was tested on various languages and it was verified that the method implemented was language independent.

High-efficiency machining and high-quality cutting are required in mold and die machining. To produce high-quality molds and dies, we require high rigidity for cutting tools and machining with effective cutting edges. We propose tilted tool axis machining, which involves indexing using 2-axis rotary motion and machining using 3-axis feed motion on a 5-axis machining center. To conduct tilted tool axis machining by ball end mill, we must know the tool attitude to ensure stable cutting and how to control the tool attitude to stable cutting conditions. Our main objective was to clarify the tool attitude ensuring stable cutting conditions and to develop automatic determination of the indexing angle for mold and die machining. We start by discussing machining experiments using a dynamic force dynamometer on a 5-axis machining center to analyze machining features using a tilted tool axis ball end cutting tool. We then determine machining evaluation from which the results of machining experiments are determine using a tilted tool axis ball end cutting tool. We propose calculation of optimum indexing angle candidates for machining surfaces using normal vectors of surfaces and cutting edges. We then show machinable area evaluation for the calculated indexing angle based on inverse offset method with a state flag. We then give examples demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposal.

Quality and productivity plays important role in today’s manufacturing market. Automation provides high end quality. Drilling machine is most common and vital for producing holes. In this paper, an attempt is made to reduce effect of machining ideal time because of mounting, dismounting, marking, etc. The effort is to investigate optimal time of producing hole and their contribution on higher productivity and less cost optimization.

Probabilistic topic models are important tools for indexing, summarizing, and analyzing large document collections by their themes. However, promoting end-user understanding of topics remains an open research problem. We compare labels generated by users given four topic visualization techniques—word lists, word lists with bars, word clouds, and network graphs—against each other and against automatically generated labels. Our basis of comparison is participant ratings of how well labels describe documents from the topic. Our study has two phases: a labeling phase where participants label visualized topics and a validation phase where different participants select which labels best describe the topics’ documents. Although all visualizations produce similar quality labels, simple visualizations such as word lists allow participants to quickly understand topics, while complex visualizations take longer but expose multi-word expressions that simpler visualizations obscure. Automatic labels lag behind user-created labels, but our dataset of manually labeled topics highlights linguistic patterns (e.g., hypernyms, phrases) that can be used to improve automatic topic labeling algorithms.

It is known that different unit cells can have the same computed lines in some cases (Figure). The phenomenon was first called geometrical ambiguity and studied in [1]. In all the high-symmetric cases provided in [1], such unit cells correspond to derivative lattices of each other. Although this is not true in general for 3-dimensional lattices, this has been assumed in methods to search for geometrical ambiguities (e.g., [2]). Thus, a method to obtain all the geometrical ambiguities in very short time for a given unit cell parameters is provided. Because such a method has not been used for powder indexing, it will have impact in the following sense: firstly, it is useful for checking powder indexing solutions promptly. Some powder auto-indexing methods cannot obtain all the geometrical ambiguities. Even for the software including Conograph which can gain all the ambiguities, it is not straightforward to search for them from many indexing solutions using the figures of merit which are sometimes not reliable [3]. Secondly, the new method indicates that powder indexing has only finitely many solutions at least if peak search succeeds in obtaining all (but a few) diffraction peaks with q-values smaller than some calculated value. (Note that infinitely many solutions may exist for lattices of dimension more than 4.) The result seems to provide a foundation of automatic powder crystal structure analysis, because it is possible to obtain all the ambiguities by computation. The introduced method was implemented in the newest version of Conograph, which will be distributed on the web (http://research.kek.jp/people/rtomi/ConographGUI/web_page.html) by IUCr2014. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: this research was partly supported by a JSPS KAKENHI grant (No.22740077) and by Ibaraki Prefecture (J-PARC-23D06).

Abstract Motivation MEDLINE is the primary bibliographic database maintained by National Library of Medicine (NLM). MEDLINE citations are indexed with Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), which is a controlled vocabulary curated by the NLM experts. This greatly facilitates the applications of biomedical research and knowledge discovery. Currently, MeSH indexing is manually performed by human experts. To reduce the time and monetary cost associated with manual annotation, many automatic MeSH indexing systems have been proposed to assist manual annotation, including DeepMeSH and NLM’s official model Medical Text Indexer (MTI). However, the existing models usually rely on the intermediate results of other models and suffer from efficiency issues. We propose an end-to-end framework, MeSHProbeNet (formerly named as xgx), which utilizes deep learning and self-attentive MeSH probes to index MeSH terms. Each MeSH probe enables the model to extract one specific aspect of biomedical knowledge from an input article, thus comprehensive biomedical information can be extracted with different MeSH probes and interpretability can be achieved at word level. MeSH terms are finally recommended with a unified classifier, making MeSHProbeNet both time efficient and space efficient. Results MeSHProbeNet won the first place in the latest batch of Task A in the 2018 BioASQ challenge. The result on the last test set of the challenge is reported in this paper. Compared with other state-of-the-art models, such as MTI and DeepMeSH, MeSHProbeNet achieves the highest scores in all the F-measures, including Example Based F-Measure, Macro F-Measure, Micro F-Measure, Hierarchical F-Measure and Lowest Common Ancestor F-measure. We also intuitively show how MeSHProbeNet is able to extract comprehensive biomedical knowledge from an input article.

Automatic image captioning has many important applications, such as the depiction of visual contents for visually impaired people or the indexing of images on the internet. Recently, deep learning-based image captioning models have been researched extensively. For caption generation, they learn the relation between image features and words included in the captions. However, image features might not be relevant for certain words such as verbs. Therefore, our earlier reported method included the use of motion features along with image features for generating captions including verbs. However, all the motion features were used. Since not all motion features contributed positively to the captioning process, unnecessary motion features decreased the captioning accuracy. As described herein, we use experiments with motion features for thorough analysis of the reasons for the decline in accuracy. We propose a novel, end-to-end trainable method for image caption generation that alleviates the decreased accuracy of caption generation. Our proposed model was evaluated using three datasets: MSR-VTT2016-Image, MSCOCO, and several copyright-free images. Results demonstrate that our proposed method improves caption generation performance.

There is currently a widespread interest in indexing and extracting taxonomic information from large text collections. An example is the automatic categorization of informally written medical or psychological diagnoses, followed by the extraction of epidemiological information or even terms and structures needed to formulate guiding questions as an heuristic tool for helping doctors. Vector space models have been successfully used to this end (Lee, Cimino, Zhu, Sable, Shanker, Ely & Yu, 2006; Pakhomov, Buntrock & Chute, 2006). In this study we use a computational model known as Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) on a diagnostic corpus with the aim of retrieving definitions (in the form of lists of semantic neighbors) of common structures it contains (e.g. “storm phobia”, “dog phobia”) or less common structures that might be formed by logical combinations of categories and diagnostic symptoms (e.g. “gun personality” or “germ personality”). In the quest to bring definitions into line with the meaning of structures and make them in some way representative, various problems commonly arise while recovering content using vector space models. We propose some approaches which bypass these problems, such as Kintsch's (2001) predication algorithm and some corrections to the way lists of neighbors are obtained, which have already been tested on semantic spaces in a non-specific domain (Jorge-Botana, León, Olmos & Hassan-Montero, under review). The results support the idea that the predication algorithm may also be useful for extracting more precise meanings of certain structures from scientific corpora, and that the introduction of some corrections based on vector length may increases its efficiency on non-representative terms.

A new approach to resolve the slight tetragonality ofL10-ordered γ-TiAl by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is presented. The phase has ac/aratio of only about 2% larger than unity. The corresponding EBSD patterns therefore exhibit cubic pseudosymmetry. As a consequence, different order variants cannot be easily distinguished on the basis of their EBSD patterns. Automated orientation mapping results in frequent misindexing. In the past, either this problem was overcome by identifying order domains by relatively laborious transmission electron microscopy, or the order domain structure was ignored altogether by using a generic face-centered cubic structure to solve for the crystal orientations, accepting a significant loss of microstructural information. The presented approach is based on the detection of the minor tetragonal distortion of the diffraction patterns by an accurate measurement of backscatter Kikuchi band positions. To this end an accurate pattern center calibration together with high-accuracy parameters for pattern acquisition and indexing are required. Together with a modified indexing algorithm, the order domains in a lamellar microstructure of Ti–45.9Al–8Nb (at%) could be reliably identified. The occurrence of superlattice reflections in the Kikuchi patterns was used to validate the technique. The developed method was successfully applied to create a crystal orientation map of Ti–45.9Al–8Nb (at%) with a fully resolved domain microstructure.

Resumo: A indexação automática é um processo complexo e delegar a atividade de atribuição de termos aos sistemas automáticos requer análise, tanto dos métodos, quanto das características dos instrumentos de indexação. Desse modo, propomos investigar a atuação de vocabulário controlado neste processo a partir da análise dos resultados de aplicação do vocabulário ThesAgro no Sistema de Indización SemiAutomatica (SISA), com objetivos de identificar as características que definem e distinguem os tipos de vocabulários; analisar propostas metodológicas e sistemas de indexação; aplicar o ThesAgro no sistema SISA em análise comparativa com a indexação manual da Biblioteca Nacional de Agricultura (BINAGRI), e analisar os fatores intervenientes que apontam os problemas ocasionados à indexação automática. De modo geral, buscamos contribuir com o desenvolvimento do tema ao levantar subsídios para adaptação de vocabulários controlados. Realizamos uma revisão teórica sobre sistemas de indexação automática e um experimento aplicando o ThesAgro no sistema SISA com 100 artigos da área agrícola, especificamente sobre fruticultura. Utilizamos, como parâmetro de avaliação, a indexação manual realizada pela BINAGRI e análise comparativa com os resultados de pesquisa anterior em que se avaliou o desempenho do vocabulário Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) no referido sistema. A partir da análise dos resultados constatamos que o vocabulário condiciona os resultados do processo de indexação automática e, portanto, é necessário compreendê-lo, considerando os métodos de identificação das unidades representativas da informação, aplicação de tratamento linguístico, características da área do conhecimento, relações semânticas, idioma, atualização, uso de vocabulários... (Resumo completo, clicara acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Automatic indexing is a complex process, and delegating the attribution of terms to automatic systems requires analyzing not only the methods, but also the features of indexing instruments. Thereby, we propose to investigate the role of controlled vocabulary in such process, based on the analysis of results from the application of ThesAgro vocabulary in the Semi-Automatic Indexing System (SISA - Sistema de Indización SemiAutomatica -), with the purposes of identifying the characteristics which define and distinguish the types of vocabularies; analyzing methodological proposals and indexing systems; applying the ThesAgro in the SISA, making a comparative analysis related to the manual indexing by the National Library of Agriculture (BINAGRI - Biblioteca Nacional de Agricultura), and analyzing the intervening factors pointing to the occurrence of problems concerning automatic indexing. As a general matter, we seek to contribute to the development of this theme by raising subsidies for adapting controlled vocabularies. We have performed a theoretical review on automatic indexing systems, and an experiment applying the ThesAgro in the SISA, with 100 articles on agriculture , specifically about fruit production. The manual indexing performed by BINAGRI and the comparative analysis with the results from a previous research, which evaluated the performance of the vocabulary from the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS - Descritores em Ciências da Saúde) in the before mentioned system, have served as the evaluation parameter. The analysis of results allows us to conclude that the vocabulary conditions the results of the automatic indexing process. Thus, it is necessary to understand it, considering the identification methods of the information representative units, application of linguistic treatment, features of the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Orientador: Mariângela Spotti Lopes Fujita<br>Coorientador: Isidoro Gil Leiva<br>Banca: Renato Rocha Souza<br>Banca: José Augusto Chaves Guimarães<br>Mestre

Abstract The demand for higher efficiency in aircraft propulsion engines leads to materials with increasing thermo-mechanical strengths and new designs inducing filigree geometries of blisks and disks. Because of new designs which induce tighter tolerances, the high mechanical process forces in conventional cutting processes like broaching cause inacceptable geometrical deviations and high tooling costs. Due to the electro-thermal material removal mechanism, electrical discharge machining (EDM) ensures a force free and thus precise machining. The manufacture of fir tree slots in nickel-based alloys by wire EDM has been investigated in the last few years and the process was verified as an alternative technology for broaching. To get a better competitive position, the productivity can be prospectively increased by using an additional indexing rotary axis which ensures a precise and automated production of rotationally symmetric components and reduce production times e.g. for the manufacture of fir tree slots on a disk. Nevertheless, the application of these axes cause changed flushing conditions and can also affect the electrical contacting as well. Both influence the process performance and demand a technology development or adjustment of standard machining technologies. The influence of these changed machining conditions has not been investigated scientifically to date. In this paper, the surface integrity and process performance of fir tree slots machined by wire EDM on the machine table are compared with the manufacture by using an additional indexing rotary axis. The results of the investigations are supposed to create a basis for technology adaptions when using additional axes in wire EDM.

The field validation and launch unit performance testing of a new high efficiency steam turbine design is described. The HEAT™ (High Efficiency Advanced Technology) steam turbine utilizes a new line of high efficiency steam path components developed by the author’s company [1], [2]. The extensive field test program, executed at the customer’s plant, included all major aspects of steam turbine operation and performance. Data was gathered continuously using multiple automated systems. Careful indexing of this data provided a multi-faceted view of operating phenomena during the test period. Overall machine performance was tested using ASME PTC 6.2 protocol. HP and IP individual section thermodynamic performance was quantified with a series of enthalpy drop tests. In addition, all leakage flows were measured to confirm end seal performance. HP section pressure ratio tests and internal leakage blowdown tests were done to determine the HP steam path aerodynamic characteristics. Various pressure measurements were used to quantify LP bucket aerodynamics and overall LP hood/diffuser performance. Validation testing of thermal-mechanical transient behavior of major components during all normal operating modes was achieved using lasers, thermocouples and strain gauges. In addition, thermal imaging was used to increase understanding of these transients. The validation instrumentation had an additional benefit to this customer, as it assisted the site team to successfully commission this A14 code type turbine, which achieved world-class efficiency.