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Journal articles on the topic 'Automatic Repeated Request (ARQ)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Choi, Sang Won. "Index Coded Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)." Entropy 22, no. 8 (2020): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22080869.

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In this paper, an index-coded Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) is studied in the perspectives of transmission efficiency and memory overhead. Motivated by reducing significant computational complexity from huge matrix inverse computation of random linear network coding, a near-to-optimal broadcasting scheme, called index-coded Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) is proposed. The main idea is to consider the principal packet error pattern across all receivers. With the help of coded side information formed by successfully decoded packets associated with the dominant packet error pattern, it is shown t

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2

Jin, Tong, Jianlan Guo, Liangyu Lin, Yulei Wang, and Yungui Chen. "Performance Analysis of Synchronous Multilink MAC Protocol with Automatic Repeat Request." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (September 27, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4049008.

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Multilink operation (MLO) is considered a key candidate technique in 802.11be, which allows devices to transmit and receive data using multiple links concurrently, thereby contributing to improving throughput and reducing latency. However, the performance of the MLO scheme will gradually degrade as the channel environment deteriorates. To tackle this problem, in this paper, we propose a synchronous multilink media access control (MAC) protocol with Automatic Repeat Request (called SML-ARQ). With SML-ARQ, in the contention process, MLDs are allowed to perform channel access procedures over mult

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3

Irawan, Beny. "Simulasi Pengontrolan Kesalahan Transmisi Komunikasi Data dengan Menggunakan Metode Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)." LOFIAN: Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 1, no. 1 (2021): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.58918/lofian.v1i1.156.

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Dalam komunikasi data, pengontrolan kesalahan berkaitan dengan mekanisme untuk mendeteksi dan memperbaiki kesalahan yang terjadi pada pentransmisian frame. Data dikirim sebagai deretan frame, frame tiba sesuai dengan perintah yang sama saat dikirim, dan masing-masing frame yang ditransmisikan mengalami perubahan dan sejumlah variabel penundaan sebelum mencapai receiver (penerima). Kesalahan yang mungkin terjadi adalah hilangnya frame (sehingga frame gagal diterima receiver) dan rusaknya frame (frame diakui telah tiba, namun beberapa bit mengalami kesalahan, sehingga dibuang oleh receiver). pen

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Zhou, Yong-Qiang, Lei Dai, and Suo-Ping Li. "Performance Analysis of Multiple Relays Cooperative Truncated Automatic Repeat Request in Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensor Letters 17, no. 9 (2019): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2019.4138.

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In this paper, we research the performance of direct and non-direct multiple relays cooperative truncated automatic repeat request (D/ND-MRCT-ARQ) protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We propose a method that named discrete time Markov chain (DTMC) with N + 2 states, which could obtain the throughput formulas of D/ND-MRCT-ARQ protocols. Furthermore, we solve the mathematical expressions of the average transmission delay of both protocols by truncating the number of packet retransmission. In addition, we derive energy efficiency formulas of both protocols under considering the differen

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Tsang-Ling, Sheu*, Chang Kang-Wei, and Yeh Fu-Ming. "A Dynamic Allocation Scheme for Resource Blocks Using ARQ Status Reports in LTE Networks." Advances in Computer Sciences (ISSN:2517-5718) 1, no. 1 (2018): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.31021/acs.20171102.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> This paper presents a Dynamic RB (Resource Blocks) Allocation (DRBA) in LTE (LongTerm Evolution) networks by utilizing Automatic Repeated Request (ARQ). From the ARQ status report, an Evolved-Node Base Station (eNodeB) computes the successfully received packets per unit time for each User Equipment (UE). Thus, an eNB can adequately allocate Resource Blocks (RB) for a UE. In DRBA, we consider three different traffic types (audio, video, and data) with the priority from the highest to the lowest. To prevent the starvation of data traffic, we set an upper bound of RBs fo

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V. Gokul. "Evaluation of Packet Transfer Delivery Timeouts During Packet Transmission Using the DA-ARQ (Delay-Aware Automatic Repeat Request) Methodology." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 49s (2025): 13–26. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i49s.9804.

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DA-ARQ is adaptive and dynamic; it can change the rate of retransmission in dependence on receiver feedback and network state. This might result in additional reliable retransmissions with increased efficiency and reduced latency. DA-ARQ adjusts its timeout duration and retransmission rate utilizing feedback mechanisms like ACKs and NACKs. This allows it to take into account the receiver's response and alter the retransmission rate based on the network's current status. DA-ARQ can reduce latency by reducing the time required to retransmit dropped packets. This may result in the quick retransmi

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7

Ali, Ikhwan, Nababan Darsono, and Rahim Robbi. "Selective-Reject ARQ for Identification Error in Frame Data." International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) 3, no. 1 (2017): 89–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.253372.

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Data communication is a common thing carried out in any process that involves the exchange of information in the network, sometimes during the communication process carried out there may be a errors because the information transmitted as a series of frames, to identify and control these errors need to use a mechanism by the name of ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request), in this mechanism, There are several techniques that can be used to control and correct the error frame but in this study using Selective Reject ARQ

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8

Bagoes, Maulana, and Rahim Robbi. "Go-Back-N ARQ Approach for Identification and Repairing Franme in Transmission Data." International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering 2, no. 6 (2016): 208–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.239665.

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The process of sending data in a vulnerable network such thing damage or errors that occur due to several factors such as noise, interference or also tissue factor unfavorable, Go-Back-N is a method of mechanisms controlling this error referred as Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) , Effects ARQ is to change the data path that is not reliably reliable, the processes analyzed by Go-Back-N form of the transmission time of the frame, when the transmission/reply, propagation speed (slow, medium or fast), the time interval 'timeout' on timekeeper source and the number of frames to be transmitted.

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9

Lamri, M. A., A. Abilov, and A. Presnetsov. "Application Layer Cooperative Automatic Repeat Request Method for Data Streaming over UAVs Network." Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities 9, no. 3 (2023): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/1813-324x-2023-9-3-28-41.

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In this article, an evaluation study was conducted on an Application Layer Cooperative Automatic Repeat ReQuest Algorithm ALC-ARQ designed for data streaming over a Wi-Fi Unmanned Aerial Vehicles standalone networks. A simulation model in NS-3 was implemented to investigate the performances of the method and conduct a comparative analysis with well-known routing protocols such like Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) in terms of declaring link state information, rapidity of relaying and transmission range. The QoS metrics measured was Packet

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Rahmadya, Budi, and Rika Ampuh Hadiguna. "Pengaruh Non-Automatic Repeat Request (Arq) Mode Terhadap Packet Error Rate Pada Drone-Based Wireless Sensor Network." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer 12, no. 3 (2025): 681–86. https://doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.20259373.

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Penelitian ini membahas tentang performa dari 2.4 GHz Zigbee wireless antenna untuk aplikasi wide-area wireless sensor network. Transmitter antenna di install pada drone sebagai media mobile wireless sensor network dan receiver antenna berada di lokasi tertentu pada lingkungan luar ruangan. Setingan alat untuk transmitter antenna dan receiver antenna yaitu non-Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) mode sehingga data yang di terima oleh receiver dalam experimen ini nanti bisa menjadi perbandingan dengan hasil perhitungan teoritis menggunakan Matlab. Non-ARQ menjadi alternative untuk mengurangi konsums

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Rahmadya, Budi, and Rika Ampuh Hadiguna. "Pengaruh Non-Automatic Repeat Request (Arq) Mode Terhadap Packet Error Rate Pada Drone-Based Wireless Sensor Network." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer 12, no. 3 (2025): 681–86. https://doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.2025129373.

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Penelitian ini membahas tentang performa dari 2.4 GHz Zigbee wireless antenna untuk aplikasi wide-area wireless sensor network. Transmitter antenna di install pada drone sebagai media mobile wireless sensor network dan receiver antenna berada di lokasi tertentu pada lingkungan luar ruangan. Setingan alat untuk transmitter antenna dan receiver antenna yaitu non-Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) mode sehingga data yang di terima oleh receiver dalam experimen ini nanti bisa menjadi perbandingan dengan hasil perhitungan teoritis menggunakan Matlab. Non-ARQ menjadi alternative untuk mengurangi konsums

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12

S., Mirdula, R. A. Jaikumar Dr., and Kuttimani R. "POINT-TO-POINT UNCONSUMMATED UNIT WIRELESS NETWORKS TRANSMISSION CAPACITY." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Modern Education (IJMRME) 4, no. 2 (2018): 97–102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3634393.

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Mobile Computing is a human-Computer interaction and its involving mobile Communications. The Communications are include either Adhoc or infrastructure manner. The Decentralized Wireless networks to have the throughput optimization Problem. Here Proposed a Poisson Point Process (ppp) is to point to the transmitter’s location and calculate the Packets inter arrival time, and Random Access Transport Capacity technique is to capture the effect of multi-hop Communication on the end-to-end throughput Performance. The Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) protocol is used to measure the success or fa

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KIM, Y. H. "A Novel Approach for Modeling a Hybrid ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) Based on the Hidden Markov Model." IEICE Transactions on Communications E88-B, no. 9 (2005): 3772–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietcom/e88-b.9.3772.

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Dong, Luo Bing, Ke Chu Yi, Zhi Qiang Li, and Pei Yi Shen. "Analysis on Cooperative GBN-ARQ Performance in TDMA Single Source and Single Relay Network." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 1966–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.1966.

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This paper proposes a new cooperative GBN-ARQ（Go-Back-N Cooperative Automatic Repeat Request: GBN-CARQ）algorithm which is suitable for the single source and single relay wireless communication system based on TDMA, establishing the queuing model of single source and single relay wireless communication system based on TDMA and providing the expressions of its throughput and delay performance. By comparing with GBN-ARQ algorithm and normal cooperative ARQ（Cooperative ARQ：CARQ）algorithm, it is shown that GBN-CARQ algorithm has better average throughput performance.

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15

Yasui, Kazumi, Toshio Nakagawa, and Mitsuhiro Imaizumi. "Reliability Evaluations of Hybrid ARQ Policies for a Data Communication System." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 05, no. 01 (1998): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539398000042.

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The data transmission fails due to errors which have been generated by disconnections, noises and distortions in a communication line. To protect such failures, the following three schemes of error-control procedures are mainly used : (i) automatic-repeat-request (ARQ), (ii) forward-error-correction (FEC) and (iii) hybrid ARQ which combines FEC with ARQ. This paper proposes two stochastic models of hybrid ARQ policies with retransmission number K and response time T, and derives the mean times to success of data transmission. Comparing the mean times with each other, we discuss analytically wh

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Wang, Haiyong, Geng Yang, Yiran Gu, Jian Xu, and Zhixin Sun. "A Novel Cooperative ARQ Method for Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/102326.

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In wireless sensor networks, cooperative communication can combat the effects of channel fading by exploiting diversity gain achieved via cooperation communication among the relay nodes. A cooperative automatic retransmission request (ARQ) protocol based on two-relay node selection was proposed in this paper. A novel discrete time Markov chain model in order to analyze the throughput and energy efficiency was built, and system throughput and energy efficiency performance of proposed protocol and traditional ARQ protocol were studied based on such model. The numerical results reveal that the th

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17

R Shankar, Arathi, Raghavendra G, and V. Sambasiva Rao. "HARQ Implementation for Efficient MAC to MAC Video Streaming over Mobile WiMAX." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 1 (2013): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v5i1.4489.

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IEEE 802.16e is the standard for Mobile WiMAX which was introduced by the IEEE committee to provide broadband access in rural and urban areas over fixed wireless channels. Mobile WiMAX is an enhanced version of IEEE 802.16 standard with mobility support. There are lots of challenges involved in the service provided by the Mobile WiMAX. Efficient data transfer between different layers of mobile WiMAX is one of the major research issues. In this work HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) technique is implemented in Qualnet environment for an efficient transmission of video streaming across PHY(

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Vien, Quoc-Tuan, Le-Nam Tran, and Huan X. Nguyen. "Efficient ARQ Retransmission Schemes for Two-Way Relay Networks." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 7, no. 1 (2011): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v7i1.182.

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In this paper1, we investigate different practical automatic repeat request (ARQ) retransmission protocols for twowaywireless relay networks based on network coding (NC). Theidea of NC is applied to increase the achievable throughput for the exchange of information between two terminals through one relay. Using NC, throughput efficiency is significantly improved due to the reduction of the number of retransmissions. Particularly, two improved NC-based ARQ schemes are designed based on go-back-N and selective-repeat (SR) protocols. The analysis of throughput efficiency is then carried out to fi

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Antonopoulos, Angelos, and Christos Verikoukis. "Network-Coding-Based Cooperative ARQ Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 8, no. 1 (2011): 601321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/601321.

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We introduce a novel Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for Automatic Repeat reQuest-based (ARQ-based) cooperative wireless sensor networks. Using network coding techniques, we achieve a better network performance in terms of energy efficiency without compromising the offered Quality of Service (QoS). The proposed solution is compared to other cooperative schemes, while analytical and simulation results are provided to evaluate our protocol.

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Wei, Yuejun, Yue Chen, Chunqi Chen, Bin Xia, and Liandong Wang. "Layered HARQ Design for LDPC-Based Multi-Level Coded Modulation." Entropy 27, no. 6 (2025): 629. https://doi.org/10.3390/e27060629.

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Multi-level coded modulation (MLCM) enhances data transmission by allocating error correction more effectively to bits with higher error probabilities, thus optimizing redundancy and improving performance. Despite MLCM’s advantages over traditional bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) systems in certain scenarios, its integration with hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) systems remains underexplored. HARQ, which combines the benefits of forward error correction (FEC) and automatic repeat request (ARQ), significantly increases resilience to interference and fading, enhancing overall syste

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Yan, Yuan Yuan, Sheng Ye Huang, and Xiu Li. "Delay Statistics for ARQ Protocols over Network-Coded Cooperative Networks." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.634.

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This paper presents a queuing analysis method for automatic repeat request (ARQ) in network-coded cooperative transmission networks with dynamic radio link adaptation. An equivalent Nakagami-m channel model is derived for the network-coded cooperative system and a Finite State Markov Chain (FSMC) is modeled for conducting queuing analysis of packet transmission. Finally, the matrix geometry method is used to get the steady state probability distribution and delay statistics. Numerical results show that as the network coding method reduces the feedback delay, the corresponding total delay has a

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Jing, Lianyou, Yongqi Tang, Chengbing He, and Hongxi Yin. "Adaptive Packet Coding for Reliable Underwater Acoustic Communications." Remote Sensing 14, no. 19 (2022): 4712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14194712.

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This work investigates adaptive random linear packet coding (RLPC) for reliable underwater acoustic (UWA) communications. Our goal is to minimize the total transmission time of data blocks by adjusting the packet coding rate. We first consider the application of RLPC with the conventional automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme. We dynamically adjust the coding rate to fit the time variations of UWA channels by choosing the optimal number of packets in each transmission. The optimal number of packets in each transmission is obtained based on a dynamic programming (DP) algorithm according to the

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Razavi, R., M. Fleury, and M. Ghanbari. "Fuzzy Logic Control of Adaptive ARQ for Video Distribution over a Bluetooth Wireless Link." Advances in Multimedia 2007 (2007): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/45798.

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Bluetooth's default automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme is not suited to video distribution resulting in missed display and decoded deadlines. Adaptive ARQ with active discard of expired packets from the send buffer is an alternative approach. However, even with the addition of cross-layer adaptation to picture-type packet importance, ARQ is not ideal in conditions of a deteriorating RF channel. The paper presents fuzzy logic control of ARQ, based on send buffer fullness and the head-of-line packet's deadline. The advantage of the fuzzy logic approach, which also scales its output according

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Choi, Rocksan, SeungGwan Lee, and Sungwon Lee. "Reliability Improvement of LoRa with ARQ and Relay Node." Symmetry 12, no. 4 (2020): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12040552.

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In our modern world, many Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are being researched and developed. IoT devices are currently being used in many fields. IoT devices use Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, however, communication distance is short and battery consumption is high. In areas such as smart cities and smart farms, IoT technology is needed to support a wide coverage with low power consumption. Low Power Wide Area (LPWA), which is a transmission used in IoT supporting a wide area with low power consumption, has evolved. LPWA includes Long Range (LoRa), Narrowband (NB-IoT), and Sigfox. LoRa offers man

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Hao, Sheng, and Huyin Zhang. "MAC Performance Analysis for Reliable Power-Line Communication Networks with ARQ Scheme." Sensors 21, no. 1 (2020): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010196.

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Power-line communication (PLC) networks have been increasingly used for constructing industrial IoT (internet of things) and home networking systems due to their low-cost installation and broad coverage feature. To guarantee the transmission reliability, ARQ (automatic repeat request) scheme is introduced into the link layer of reliable PLC networks, which allows the retransmission of a data frame several times so that it has a higher probability to be correctly received. However, current studies of performance analysis for PLC MAC (medium access control) protocol (i.e., IEEE 1901) do not take

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Li, Xiu, Sheng Ye Huang, Yuan Yuan Yan, and Jia Jie Liu. "Analysis of Optimal Spectral Efficiency with Adaptive Modulation Coding and Cooperative ARQ Protocols." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.344.

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In this paper aiming at maximizing the spectral efficiency, a cross-layer design which combines adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) at the physical layer and truncated automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocol at the data link layer in cooperation system is proposed. In order to analyze the system performance, we first derive a closed form expression of probability density function (PDF) of the received signal-to-noise (SNR) using maximum ratio combing (MRC) at the destination node, the theoretical results and simulation show that the new design outperforms the traditional AMC system especially

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Lu, Cong, Bin Wu, Lei Wang, Zhiwei Wei, and Yu Tang. "A Novel QoS-Aware ARQ Scheme for Multi-User Transmissions in IEEE802.11ax WLANs." Electronics 9, no. 12 (2020): 2065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122065.

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The latest IEEE 802.11ax protocol has been launched to provide efficient services by adopting multi-user (MU) transmission technology. However, the MU transmissions in the aggregation-enabled wireless local area networks (WLANs) face two drawbacks when adopting the existing automatic repeat request (ARQ) schemes. (1) The failed packets caused by the channel noise can block the submission of subsequent packets and the transmission of queued ones. (2) When the lengths of aggregate media access control protocol data units (A-MPDU) transmitted by different users are varied, dummy bits should be ad

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Lai, Wei Qiang. "A Novel CARQ Algorithm for TDMA-Based Single Source Single Relay Wireless Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 608-609 (October 2014): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.608-609.521.

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An efficient Single Source Single Relay Cooperative Automatic Repeat Request (CARQ) protocol for TDMA-based High Delay Wireless Networks is proposed in this paper, which enables both of the Source and the Relay to retransmit packets to the Destination based on the special nature of TDMA-based time frame structure, and increases the successful transmission probability of a packet from the Source to the Delay using the high delay between the Source and the Relay.. By means of comparison of the system throughput between the two ARQ algorithms (the traditional and the proposed algorithms), we prov

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Yang, Hong-Chuan, Kui Wu, and Wu-Sheng Lu. "Cross-Layer Path Configuration for Energy-Efficient Communication over Wireless Ad Hoc Networks." Advances in Multimedia 2007 (2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/19860.

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We study the energy-efficient configuration of multihop paths with automatic repeat request (ARQ) mechanism in wireless ad hoc networks. We adopt a cross-layer design approach and take both the quality of each radio hop and the battery capacity of each transmitting node into consideration. Under certain constraints on the maximum tolerable transmission delay and the required packet delivery ratio, we solve optimization problems to jointly schedule the transmitting power of each transmitting node and the retransmission limit over each hop. Numerical results demonstrate that the path configurati

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Gburzynski, Pawel, Bozena Kaminska, and Ashikur Rahman. "On Reliable Transmission of Data over Simple Wireless Channels." Journal of Computer Systems, Networks, and Communications 2009 (2009): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/409853.

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Standard protocols for reliable data transmission over unreliable channels are based on various Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) schemes, whereby the sending node receives feedback from the receiver and retransmits the missing data. We discuss this issue in the context of one-way data transmission over simple wireless channels characteristic of many sensing and monitoring applications. Using a specific project as an example, we demonstrate how the constraints of a low-cost embedded wireless system get in the way of a workable solution precluding the use of popular schemes based on windows and pe

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Fantacci, R. "Efficient automatic-repeated-request systems for high error rate conditions." IEE Proceedings I Communications, Speech and Vision 137, no. 5 (1990): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-i-2.1990.0042.

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Dashdondov, Khongorzul, Yong-Ki Kim, and Mi-Hye Kim. "SW and GB (N) ARQ Protocols under Markovian Interruptions." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (November 1, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7131954.

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This paper discusses packet data multiplexing using stop-and-wait (SW) and go-back-N (GBN) automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocols under Markovian interruption. The Markov process shows the output channel by examining the Markovian interruption using inactive and active states. We assume that whenever the voice signal is active the output link is used and will be blocked for the data packet, and data traffic input is exponentially distributed in increments via the Poisson process, with each data packet transmitted within an individual time slot. Active and inactive periods of the original voi

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Sharma, Sonia. "Reed Solomon Erasure Coding for the Optimization of Network Reliability and Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 9 (2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i9.91.

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This Network error correction (NEC) helps to correct errors of a communication network by using the concept of network coding [1] and provides an alternative to the traditional link-by-link error correction. NEC is widely used in sensor networks and in video network broadcasting, where the network suffers from delay and energy constraints. This paper aims to design an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)based RS-erasure code to correct the errors/ erasures encountered in the data packets due to the random errors and unreliable network links. The proposed protocol tries to combine the RS-Erasure code

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Csóka, Tibor, Jaroslav Polec, Filip Csóka, and Kvetoslava Kotuliaková. "VQ-based model for binary error process." Journal of Electrical Engineering 68, no. 3 (2017): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jee-2017-0025.

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AbstractA variety of complex techniques, such as forward error correction (FEC), automatic repeat request (ARQ), hybrid ARQ or cross-layer optimization, require in their design and optimization phase a realistic model of binary error process present in a specific digital channel. Past and more recent modeling approaches focus on capturing one or more stochastic characteristics with precision sufficient for the desired model application, thereby applying concepts and methods severely limiting the model applicability (egin the form of modeled process prerequisite expectations). The proposed nove

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Antonopoulos, Angelos, Christos Verikoukis, S. Lalos, and Renzo M. Di. "Cross-Layer Theoretical Analysis of NC-aided Cooperative ARQ Protocols in Correlated Shadowed Environments." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technologies 64, no. 9 (2015): 4074–87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.56440.

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In this paper, we propose a cross-layer analytical model for the study of network coding (NC)-based Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) medium access control (MAC) protocols in correlated slow-faded (shadowed) environments, where two end nodes are assisted by a cluster of relays to exchange data packets. The goal of our work is threefold: 1) to provide general physical-layer theoretical expressions for estimating crucial network parameters (i.e., network outage probability and expected size of the active relay set), applicable in two-way communications; 2) to demonstrate how these expressions are i

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Abilov, A. V., A. V. Chunaev, A. I. Nistyuk, and I. A. Kaisina. "Data Transmission Model with Lost Fragments Recovery Based on Application Layer ARQ." Vestnik IzhGTU imeni M.T. Kalashnikova 24, no. 3 (2021): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2413-1172-2021-3-104-111.

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Wireless networks in difficult conditions of signal receiving are characterized by a high level of burst data losses, at which a large number of data fragments can be lost in a row. In this case, to recover the lost data, the use of forward error correction methods (FEC) in most cases does not give a sufficient effect. The use of standard data loss recovery methods based on automatic retransmission request (ARQ) at the data link and transport layers of the OSI model can lead to significant delays, which is often unacceptable for real-time streaming services. In such a case, it may be preferabl

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Lamri, Mohammed Amin, Albert Abilov, Danil Vasiliev, Irina Kaisina, and Anatoli Nistyuk. "Application Layer ARQ Algorithm for Real-Time Multi-Source Data Streaming in UAV Networks." Sensors 21, no. 17 (2021): 5763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175763.

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Because of the specific characteristics of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) networks and real-time applications, the trade-off between delay and reliability imposes problems for streaming video. Buffer management and drop packets policies play a critical role in the final quality of the video received by the end station. In this paper, we present a reactive buffer management algorithm, called Multi-Source Application Layer Automatic Repeat Request (MS-AL-ARQ), for a real-time non-interactive video streaming system installed on a standalone UAV network. This algorithm implements a selective-repeat

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Alabady, Salah A. "An efﬁcient forward error correction code for wireless sensor networks". International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) 10, № 2 (2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijict.v10i2.pp104-115.

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<p>The main requirements in the design of wireless sensor network applications are to minimize energy consumption and maximize battery lifetime. Power is primarily consumed during wireless transmission and reception. Automatic repeat request (ARQ) and forward error correction (FEC) are the two basic methods to recover erroneous packets. As energy conservation is a major issue of concern in wireless sensor networks, repeat transmission because the error in the data received is not an option, and FEC would be preferred over ARQ. FEC is applied in situations where retransmissions are relati

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Park, So-Hyun, So-Yeon Kim, So-Hui Kim, and Il-Gu Lee. "Achieving High Efficiency and High Throughput in Erasure Code-Based Distributed Storage for Blockchain." Sensors 25, no. 7 (2025): 2161. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072161.

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A blockchain is a decentralized peer-to-peer network in which all nodes store data in copies, ensuring data integrity, as transactions cannot be changed or deleted. This can lead to duplicate data storage, resulting in high storage overhead, especially in storage-constrained environments, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) or sensor systems. Distributed storage techniques utilizing erasure code (EC) have been investigated to address this issue. Although EC-based blockchain storage increases storage efficiency, encoded chunks distributed across multiple nodes must be received to restore and a

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Giambene, Giovanni. "Satellite-3G Hybrid Networks: Impact of ACM and ARQ on TCP Performance." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 3, no. 3 (2007): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v3i3.252.

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The adoption of satellite systems in providing broadband transmissions to mobile users such as trains, buses and vans is expected to be an interesting solution. The scenariowe considered refers to a hybrid network architecture, where a geostationary satellite forward link and a terrestrial 3G return link are used in order to exploit both the high bandwidth of a satellite channel and the lower propagation delay of a terrestrial path. The resulting round-trip delay is much shorter than that one experienced by using both the forward and return link via satellite. This is particularly appealing fo

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Park, Sangjoon. "Post-Cancellation-Based LLR Refining for MIMO Multiple ARQ Systems." Electronics 13, no. 1 (2024): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13010200.

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In multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiple automatic repeat request (ARQ) systems, multiple streams with independent hybrid ARQ (HARQ) processes can be simultaneously sent. Thus, the interference from other streams can affect future retransmissions of a packet as well as the current transmission, and proper management of interference at the receiver is required. Therefore, in this paper, a post-cancellation-based log-likelihood ratio (LLR) refining scheme is proposed for MIMO multiple ARQ (MMARQ) systems. In the proposed scheme, after the end of the entire conventional reception procedu

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Wang, Jingxi, Chau Yuen, Yong Liang Guan, and Fengxiang Ge. "Reinforcement learning-based link adaptation in long delayed underwater acoustic channel." MATEC Web of Conferences 283 (2019): 07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928307001.

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In this paper, we apply reinforcement learning, a significant area of machine learning, to formulate an optimal self-learning strategy to interact in an unknown and dynamically variable underwater channel. The dynamic and volatile nature of the underwater channel environment makes it impossible to employ pre-knowledge. In order to select the optimal parameters to transfer data packets, by using reinforcement learning, this problem could be resolved, and better throughput could be achieved without any environmental pre-information. The slow sound velocity in an underwater scenario, means that t

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Stefanov, Andrej. "Distortion Performance of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/352569.

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The paper studies the distortion performance of multihop underwater acoustic sensor networks. The network is composed of bottom mounted sensor nodes and the sensor to sensor links experience Rician fading. The distortion is evaluated for the case when there is interference from other sensors in the network. The focus is on the sustainable number of hops in the network for a maximum allowed (target) route distortion requirement. Numerical examples are provided that illustrate the results of the analysis and the regions where the network operation is limited, namely, the coverage-limited region

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Barton, Melbourne, and Li Fung Chang. "Error protection for ATM‐based wireless networking systems[1]Copyright of this work retained by Bellcore, but permission to publish it is granted to the Publisher." Journal of High Speed Networks 8, no. 2 (1999): 87–100. https://doi.org/10.3233/hsn-1999-160.

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Variable rate error protection is required to support the broad range of quality of service (QoS) requirements for multimedia services in future Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)‐based wireless networking systems known as wireless ATM (WATM). In this paper, the performance of a rate‐compatible punctured convolution (RCPC) coding scheme is examined. It provides adaptive forward error correction (FEC) at the physical (PHY) layer of the (non‐ATM) wireless access segment, that interworks with the fixed ATM transport network. Bit error rate (BER) performance of the RCPC codes is evaluated for a rang

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Kapsis, Theodore T., and Athanasios D. Panagopoulos. "Power Allocation for Reliable and Energy-Efficient Optical LEO-to-Ground Downlinks with Hybrid ARQ Schemes." Photonics 9, no. 2 (2022): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9020092.

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Satellites in low earth orbit (LEO) are currently being deployed for numerous communication, positioning, space and Earth-imaging missions. To provide higher data rates in direct-to-user links and earth observation downlinks, the free-space optics technology can be employed for LEO-to-ground downlinks. Moreover, the hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) can be adopted since the propagation latency is low for LEO satellites. In this work, a power allocation methodology is proposed for optical LEO-to-ground downlinks under weak turbulence employing HARQ retransmission schemes. Specifically, the

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Wu, Shuang, Qingyang Guan, and Shanshan Li. "A Novel LT Scheme without Feedback Messages for IoT of Smart City Scenarios." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (May 7, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5546154.

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For IoTs of smart city scenarios always with the low cost, low power consumption, and high transmission delay properties, the traditional protocols based on feedback messages, e.g., the Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) schemes, would dramatically affect the transmission efficiency. Therefore, the LT codes with only one feedback message in each entire coding process can be used to substitute the traditional protocols. As in many IoTs of smart city scenarios, the data must have both high transmission efficiency and timeliness requirements; thus, the negative effect of only the feedback message in

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He, Jun, Jie Li, Xiaowu Zhu, Shangkun Xiong, and Fangjiong Chen. "Design and Analysis of an Optical–Acoustic Cooperative Communication System for an Underwater Remote-Operated Vehicle." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (2022): 5533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115533.

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Underwater wireless communication technology plays a key role in the field of marine equipment technology. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate an underwater optical–acoustic cooperative communication platform for an underwater wireless data transmission system. The system utilizes an underwater Remote-Operated Vehicle (ROV) as a carrier, equipped with LEDbased optical communication and acoustic communication modems. In particular, the system applies optical communication to transmit large-scale data and applies acoustic communication to provide acoustic-assisted signaling exchange bef

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Morozs, Nils, Benjamin Sherlock, Benjamin T. Henson, Jeffrey A. Neasham, Paul D. Mitchell, and Yuriy Zakharov. "Data Gathering in UWA Sensor Networks: Practical Considerations and Lessons from Sea Trials." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 9 (2022): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091268.

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Underwater acoustic (UWA) network protocol design is a challenging task due to several factors, such as slow propagation of acoustic waves, low frequency bandwidth and high bit error and frame error rates often encountered in real UWA environments. In this paper, we consider the design of a robust and scalable data gathering protocol for UWA sensor networks (UASNs), focusing on practical considerations and lessons learnt from multiple lake and sea trials. A cross-layer protocol is presented that integrates a network discovery process, intelligent routing, scheduling via Transmit Delay Allocati

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Zhang, Ying, Wenwen Wang, Huan Xie, Shu Du, Mei Ma, and Qi Zeng. "Wireless Multi-Node uRLLc B5G/6G Networks for Critical Services in Electrical Power Systems." Energies 15, no. 24 (2022): 9437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249437.

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The successful operations of power system require the support of communication networks with massive nodes access and two-way reliable and latency-critical transmission, which is the most-important use case of ultra-reliable low-latency communications (uRLLc) in the Fifth-Generation and Beyond and Sixth-Generation (B5G/6G) networks. In this paper, based on the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal in 5G, a new OFDM employing the hopped subcarrier technique (OFDM/FH) is proposed to attain the multiple nodes connectivity and the enhancement of transmission reliability. Conside

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Singh, Anand Kumar. "Efficient Historical Data Recovery in Multi-Hop Narrowband Mesh Networks." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation. 5, no. 6 (2024): 1618–25. https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2024.5.6.1618-1625.

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In multi-hop narrowband networks, historical data recovery is essential for maintaining data consistency, diagnosing network issues, and ensuring long-term reliability. However, these networks face significant challenges, including packet loss, delayed acknowledgments, limited node storage, and energy constraints in battery-powered nodes. Traditional retransmission-based recovery mechanisms, such as Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) and Forward Error Correction (FEC), often introduce excessive network overhead and are inefficient in low-power, multi-hop communication scenarios. This paper propose

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