Journal articles: 'Automatical controller of the text size'

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Naik Dessai, Sanket Suresh. "Design and Implementation of an Ethernet MAC IP Core for Embedded Applications." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 3, no. 3 (November 1, 2014): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v3.i3.pp85-97.

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An IP (intellectual property) core is a block of logic or data that is used in making a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for a product. As essential elements of design reuse, IP cores are part of the growing electronic design automation (EDA) industry trend towards repeated use of previously designed components. Ethernet continues to be one of the most popular LAN technologies. Due to the robustness resulting from its wide acceptance and deployment, there has been an attempt to build Ethernet-based real-time control networks for manufacturing automation. There is a growing demand for low cost, power efficient MAC IP Core for various embedded applications. In this paper a project is discussed to design an Ethernet MAC IP Core solution for such embedded applications. The proposed 10_100_1000 Mbps tri-mode Ethernet MAC implements a MAC controller conforming to IEEE 802.3 specification. It is designed to use less than 2000 LCs/LEs to implement full function. It will use inferred RAMs and PADs to reduce technology dependence. To increase the flexibility, three optional modules can be added to or removed from the project. A GUI configuration interface, created by Tcl/tk script language, is convenient for configuring optional modules, FIFO depth and verification parameters. Furthermore, a verification system was designed with Tcl/tk user interface, by which the stimulus can be generated automatically and the output packets can be verified with CRC-32 checksum. A solution which would consume a smaller part of the targeted FPGA, and thus giving room for other on-chip peripherals or enable the use of a smaller sized FPGA. To employ a smaller FPGA is desirable since it would reduce power consumption and device price.

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Lai, Jing Ming, Shi Hong Wang, Feng Xue, Ke Liu, and Jing Chen. "An Intelligent Instruments Management System for Test Instruments." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 2437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.2437.

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Based on ARM embedded platform and WINCE system we developed an intelligent system oriented to test processes in the power supply industry. The intelligent instruments management system(IIMS) used RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification) technology and achieved the functions such as automatic instruments identification, automatic confirmation of the operators, the operations of warehouse site controller, electronic use records, etc. IIMS could be controlled remotely via LAN(Local area network). IIMS was applied to the test team in Dongguan Power Supply Bureau. The implemental results show that it greatly enhances instruments usage efficiency. The average time of check-in and check-out of each instrument in the regular operations drops from 69 seconds to 11 seconds. The implementation also shows that IIMS is responsive with stable performance.

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Hao, Niu Jun, Zhang Jing Yu, Cong Hu, and Yin Xian Hua. "Design of USB-GPIB Controller Based on up D7210." Advanced Materials Research 340 (September 2011): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.340.104.

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In this paper, a designing method of USB-GPIB controller is introduced in detail, the hardware structure and principle are expounded. By using upD7210 which is a GPIB interface chip and CY7C68013A which is a USB interface controller, the GPIB bus controller with USB interface is designed. With the corresponding driver, an automatic test system is established to realize automatic control by GPIB bus. The USB-GPIB controller has been provided with small size, high speed, and low cost advantages.

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Bao, Wu. "The Design of Torsional Fatigue Life Test of Vehicle Steering Driveshaft." Applied Mechanics and Materials 456 (October 2013): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.456.310.

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The torsion fatigue life test which aimed at the automotive steering shaft designs the test bed of micro-controller based on PIC16F877 and makes the accurate test methods possible. The installation of a torque sensor in series with the magnetic particle brake can detect feedback on the test load. A serial port communication between micro-controller and programmable power supply can automatically adjust the output of current size of programmable power supply, and make torsional load output by the magnetic particle brake constant. The system is not only accurate in statistics testing and capable of memorizing the number of tests but also low cost and of practical value.

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Lee, Posen, Ping-Chia Li, Chin-Hsuan Liu, Hung-Yu Lin, Chien-Yu Huang, and Ching-Lin Hsieh. "Practice Effects, Test–Retest Reliability, and Minimal Detectable Change of the Ruff 2 and 7 Selective Attention Test in Patients with Schizophrenia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 7, 2021): 9440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189440.

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Background: The Ruff 2 and 7 Selective Attention Test (RSAT) is designed to measure selective attention. It tests automatic detection speed (ADS), automatic detection errors (ADE), automatic detection accuracy (ADA), controlled search speed (CSS), controlled search errors (CSE), and controlled search accuracy (CSA). The purpose of this study was to examine the test–retest reliability, practice effect, and minimum detectable change (MDC) of the RSAT in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 101 patients with schizophrenia completed the RSAT twice at a 4-week interval. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), paired t test, and effect size were used to examine the test–retest reliability and practice effect. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and MDC were calculated. Results: The difference scores between the two assessments were significant in all the indexes. The absolute effect sizes were 0.14 to 0.30. The ICCs of the RSAT ranged from 0.69 to 0.91. The MDC% in the indexes of ADS, ADA, and CSA of the RSAT were <30%. Conclusions: The RSAT is reliable for assessing selective attention in patients with schizophrenia. The RSAT has good to excellent test–retest reliability, a trivial to small practice effect, and indexes of ADS, ADA, and CSA, representing acceptable random measurement error.

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LEE, REN-GUEY, and KUANG-CHIUNG CHANG. "A SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE BASED DESIGN FOR A PORTABLE TELEALARM DEVICE." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 14, no. 03 (June 25, 2002): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237202000164.

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This paper presents an SMS based design in the GSM system for a portable, light weighted, and small sized TeleAlarm device. The device is composed of a transmitter and a controller. When an emergent situation such as a stroke or a fall occurs, the user only needs to push a button to trigger the controller. The controller automatically sends text messages stored in its database through the transmitter to specified mobile phone numbers for help. The SMS uses only the control channels in the GSM system to transfer the message, which enables the receiving-end user to receive it even during a call. An experimental test shows that a complete message transmission only needs 2.949 seconds in average. The design is convenient to elderly people who may live alone.

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Acemoglu, Alperen, Loris Fichera, Ibolya E. Kepiro, Darwin G. Caldwell, and Leonardo S. Mattos. "Laser Incision Depth Control in Robot-Assisted Soft Tissue Microsurgery." Journal of Medical Robotics Research 02, no. 03 (March 27, 2017): 1740006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424905x17400062.

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This paper presents the concept of a technology for the automation of laser incisions on soft tissue, especially for application in Transoral Laser Microsurgery (TLM) interventions. The technology aims at automatically controlling laser incisions based on high-level commands from the surgeon, i.e. desired incision shape, length and depth. It is based on a recently developed robotic laser microsurgery platform, which offers the controlled motion of the laser beam on the surgical site. A feed-forward controller provides (i) commands to the robotic laser aiming system and (ii) regulates the parameters of the laser source to achieve the desired results. The controller for the incision depth is extracted from experimental data. The required energy density and the number of passes are calculated to reach the targeted depth. Experimental results demonstrate that targeted depths can be achieved with [Formula: see text]m accuracy, which proves the feasibility of this approach. The proposed technology has the potential to facilitate the surgeon’s control over laser incisions.

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Shen, Yue, Heping Zhu, Hui Liu, Yu Chen, and Erdal Ozkan. "Development of a Laser-Guided, Embedded-Computer-Controlled, Air-Assisted Precision Sprayer." Transactions of the ASABE 60, no. 6 (2017): 1827–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12455.

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Abstract. An embedded computer-controlled, laser-guided, air-assisted, variable-rate precision sprayer was developed to automatically adjust spray outputs on both sides of the sprayer to match the presence, size, shape, and foliage density of tree crops in real time. The sprayer was the integration of an embedded computer, a touch screen, a 270° radial-range laser sensor, a travel speed sensor, a unique algorithm, a custom-designed automatic flow rate control unit, and 40 pulse-width-modulated (PWM) nozzles. The accuracy of the sprayer to detect different-sized trees and control the spray outputs of individual nozzles based on tree structures was tested in a commercial nursery. Spray deposition qualities between variable-rate and constant-rate operational modes of the sprayer were also compared. Test results demonstrated the capability of the sprayer to measure different trees accurately and then control the spray outputs of nozzles independently to match tree structure. The outline profile similarity of paired images taken with a digital camera and with the laser sensor for three trees ranged from 0.81 to 0.89. To spray trees of different sizes and shapes, the sprayer in variable-rate mode (VRM) consumed 12.1% to 43.3% of the spray volume that was used in constant-rate mode (CRM) with an application rate of 468 L ha-1. Moreover, the sprayer had 30% and 55% greater coverage areas per amount of spray deposits in VRM than in CRM. This innovative sprayer should have significant potential to reduce pesticide waste, provide sustainable crop protection to growers, and safeguard the environment. Keywords: Automation, Nursery, Orchard, Precision agriculture, Variable-rate sprayer.

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Xie, Dan Dan, Xiong Tong, Xian Xie, Kai Hou, and Ji Yong Li. "Efficient Application of Automation Technology in Thickener Process." Advanced Materials Research 1094 (March 2015): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1094.441.

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The text mainly introduced the thickener’s front technology and also talked about the process of using flocculent addition and the emissions of underflow density presenting a more optimal automatic control scheme on the basis of the original automatic project. Using automatic control components like PLC programmable logic controller and the control elements of the inverter make the thickener in a whole closed-loop system for the flocculant addition and the density of the ore and the process of discharge. It will bring a positive side for our economic, social and ecological environment.

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Wahyudi, Erik, Hikmatul Amri, and Irwan Syarif. "SISTEM PENGEPAKAN DENGAN METODE SORTASI PENGATURAN KECEPATAN KONVEYOR BERDASARKAN UKURAN KEMASAN MENGGUNAKAN OUTSEAL PLC NANO V.4 DAN HAIWELL SCADA." Patria Artha Technological Journal 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33857/patj.v4i2.356.

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The production process which is designed is a packaging system for the initial storage of products to be filled in the packaging, in this study a conveyor is designed that can sort objects using a proximity sensor and adjust the speed based on the size of the packaging using pulse width modulation (PWM), and can fill the packaging based on the size of the packaging. The product. Automatic control of packing using Outseal PLC Nano.V.4, the system can be controlled and monitored using Haiwell SCADA software on a PC. Outseal PLC nano V.4 test results can operate based on program commands that have been designed. The use of PWM Outseal PLC Nano V.4 on a 12 volt DC motor as a speed controller works in accordance with the duty cycle and PWM scale values given with an efficiency value of 86,56 % at at a PWM value of 900 and 86,23 % at a PWM value of 1023. HMI system made using Haiwell SCADA to control and monitor a successful packing system. Outseal PLC Nano V.4 can operate optimally with the SCADA system. The overall system test results of all sensor components, product packaging and HMI variables are 100 % successful, with an average processing time of packing size M for 11.62 seconds and size L for 14.58 seconds.

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Zeng, Ping Hong, Jian Lin Zhu, and Pei Yao. "A Study of Adjustable Resistive Test Load for PV Installations." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 2590–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.2590.

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According to the needs of the factory testing of PV installations, an adjustable resistive test load is builded. The load is controlled by the PLC system, a resistive load of 16 groups constitute the main circuit, combined with signal detection and acquisition, display and protection features such as aspects of composition. The prototype experiments show that the test load according to the volume of the output voltage of the PV installations automatically adjust the size of the load, to achieve effective accordance between load requirement power and output power of the PV installations , the performance indicators meet the test requirements.

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Liu, Chang, Stephen D. Prior, and James P. Scanlan. "Design and Implementation of a Low Cost Mini Quadrotor for Vision Based Maneuvers in GPS Denied Environments." Unmanned Systems 04, no. 03 (July 2016): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2301385016500059.

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This paper presents the design and implementation detail of an advanced mini quadrotor system, including the low cost commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) electronics and advanced control algorithm. The proposed quadrotor has a gross takeoff weight of 758[Formula: see text]g and 360[Formula: see text]mm frame diagonal size. It is capable of semi-autonomous maneuver in GPS denied environments, solely relying on onboard sensors and computers. A globally defined quadrotor model is formularized, and a nonlinear velocity tracking controller is implemented on the special Euclidean group SE(3). An optical flow and ultrasonic-based onboard downward-facing camera is used as the primary sensor to provide velocity and altitude measurement feedback for the controller. The control and sensor fusion algorithm is developed under Arduino compatible open source electronics.

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Feng, Qing Chun, and Xiu Wang. "Design of Automatic Transplantor for Flower Seedling." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 1143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.1143.

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In order to improve the flower-seedling transplanting from trays to pots, an automatic transplantor was designed, the key components of which included the grasper, transit unit and the controller. The grasper for holding the seedling root, was optimized based on the analysis for the grasp force, and it was adaptive for trays of varied size and non-destructive for the seedling. The belt-gear unit was adopted to drive efficient seedling transit, besides the multi-motor control system was built. Finally, the test for the grasper and the control system showed that the control system worked well when 600-1000 cycles per hour were finished, and the grasper performed perfectly when the less than 800 seedlings per hour were transplanted.

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Angrisani, Leopoldo, Umberto Cesaro, Mauro D'Arco, and Oscar Tamburis. "Measurement applications in Industry 4.0: the case of an IoT–oriented platform for remote programming of automatic test equipment." ACTA IMEKO 8, no. 2 (June 27, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v8i2.643.

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A laboratory regarded as a site that collects IoT devices, and which allows remote clients to use them as an automatic test equipment (ATE) through a controller acting as service provider, is proposed herein. To assure efficiency and responsiveness, the controller is programmed as a multithreading system that takes advantage of multicore processors. The controller includes a server application that supports communication with clients by means of a TCP/IP protocol. It uses GPIB bus functionalities to control the instruments of the local ATE. It allows several clients to connect and interact with the specific resources of the laboratory. Thanks to the availability of identical sets of resources and to the underlying multithreading philosophy, client requests are processed in tandem rather than according to a classical queuing approach.

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Michalik, Peter, and Vieroslav Molnar. "The Monitoring and Analysis of Textile Conveyor Belt by Industrial Metrotomographs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 803 (October 2015): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.803.207.

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The article deals with a description of new test equipment and methodology of an analysis of textile rubber conveyor belts loaded by a tensile force. This construction is designed tensioning device, which allows the development of automatic tensioning force in one axis X-tensioning force F is exerted screw the nut with a torque wrench and a controlled strain-gauge sensor. Measured sample-textile conveyor belt is clamped in two adjustable clamping jaws ribbed belts for different thicknesses. Ribbed clamping jaws on one side of the tensioning device is attached to the frame and on the other hand are attached to the runner associated with the movable tensioning screw. Presented measurement method arises from existing norms. Sensing sample section of the conveyor belt is carried out on CMMs based CT for parts with different size and density of the material.

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Tahriri, Farzad, Siti Zawiah Md Dawal, and Zahari Taha. "Fuzzy Mixed Assembly Line Sequencing and Scheduling Optimization Model Using Multiobjective Dynamic Fuzzy GA." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/505207.

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A new multiobjective dynamic fuzzy genetic algorithm is applied to solve a fuzzy mixed-model assembly line sequencing problem in which the primary goals are to minimize the total make-span and minimize the setup number simultaneously. Trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are implemented for variables such as operation and travelling time in order to generate results with higher accuracy and representative of real-case data. An improved genetic algorithm called fuzzy adaptive genetic algorithm (FAGA) is proposed in order to solve this optimization model. In establishing the FAGA, five dynamic fuzzy parameter controllers are devised in which fuzzy expert experience controller (FEEC) is integrated with automatic learning dynamic fuzzy controller (ALDFC) technique. The enhanced algorithm dynamically adjusts the population size, number of generations, tournament candidate, crossover rate, and mutation rate compared with using fixed control parameters. The main idea is to improve the performance and effectiveness of existing GAs by dynamic adjustment and control of the five parameters. Verification and validation of the dynamic fuzzy GA are carried out by developing test-beds and testing using a multiobjective fuzzy mixed production assembly line sequencing optimization problem. The simulation results highlight that the performance and efficacy of the proposed novel optimization algorithm are more efficient than the performance of the standard genetic algorithm in mixed assembly line sequencing model.

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Shiao, Yao Jung, Chi Wei Shiao, and Chi Shan Shiao. "Development of an Onboard Automatic Tire-Wear Warning System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 1821–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1821.

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Over worn tires in a vehicle endanger vehicle operation and driving safety. Vehicles with worn tires frequently have flat tires in highway, and then result in fatal traffic accidents. This research developed a RFID-based automatic tire-wear detection system. A tire-wear detection RFID cell, which contains RFID tag, isolation layer and noninterference layer, was buried in specified depth of a tire. The RFID cell can provide a signal to controller to issue a tire-wear warning if the tire is over worn. The wear detection system has benefits of small size, no battery, no maintenance, low cost and low false alarm. Bench test results confirm that this system can achieve real-time and effective detection for worn tires to enhance driving safety.

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El-Khatib, Firas H., Steven J. Russell, Kendra L. Magyar, Manasi Sinha, Katherine McKeon, David M. Nathan, and Edward R. Damiano. "Autonomous and Continuous Adaptation of a Bihormonal Bionic Pancreas in Adults and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 99, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 1701–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-4151.

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Context: A challenge for automated glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the large variation in insulin needs between individuals and within individuals at different times in their lives. Objectives: The objectives of the study was to test the ability of a third-generation bihormonal bionic pancreas algorithm, initialized with only subject weight; to adapt automatically to the different insulin needs of adults and adolescents; and to evaluate the impact of optional, automatically adaptive meal-priming boluses. Design: This was a randomized controlled trial. Setting: The study was conducted at an inpatient clinical research center. Patients: Twelve adults and 12 adolescents with T1D participated in the study. Interventions: Subjects in each age group were randomized to automated glycemic control for 48 hours with or without automatically adaptive meal-priming boluses. Main Outcome Measures: Mean plasma glucose (PG), time with PG less than 60 mg/dL, and insulin total daily dose were measured. Results: The 48-hour mean PG values with and without adaptive meal-priming boluses were 132 ± 9 vs 146 ± 9 mg/dL (P = .03) in adults and 162 ± 6 vs 175 ± 9 mg/dL (P = .01) in adolescents. Adaptive meal-priming boluses improved mean PG without increasing time spent with PG less than 60 mg/dL: 1.4% vs 2.3% (P = .6) in adults and 0.1% vs 0.1% (P = 1.0) in adolescents. Large increases in adaptive meal-priming boluses and shifts in the timing and size of automatic insulin doses occurred in adolescents. Much less adaptation occurred in adults. There was nearly a 4-fold variation in the total daily insulin dose across all cohorts (0.36–1.41 U/kg · d). Conclusions: A single control algorithm, initialized only with subject weight, can quickly adapt to regulate glycemia in patients with TID and highly variable insulin requirements.

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Kiran, Pindi. "Development of a Mobile based Voice Controlled Surveillance Robotic Vehicle." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 25, 2021): 2366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35515.

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Voice Controlled Robotic Vehicle is an example of controlling the bot with the help of daily used voice commands. An Android app is used for giving input voice commands and in order to control the motion of robotic vehicle. The voice commands given by us is processed by the app and voice module converts speech into text. A controller should be implemented with a Bluetooth module through the UART protocol. The converted text commands reach the controller via Bluetooth. The microcontroller will process this text and take a necessary action to control the motion of the robotic vehicle. The hardware development board used here is Atmega Arduino Board. The software programming part is done in Arduino Ide using Embedded C. The objective of the project described in this paper was to regulate the movement of the robotic vehicle using commands such as Forward, Backward, Left, Right. There is still a plenty of scope for research and development in the project described in this paper. Adding a very small size camera and using http communication protocol we can receive video streaming from the camera which is placed on the robotic vehicle. The Robotic vehicle now can be used for surveillance of terrorist prone areas, suspected areas.

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Zhang, Hai Dan, Hu Bao, Den Gan Chen, and Jing Yu. "Research on Embedded Computer Techniques Used in Agricultural Equipments ATS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 190-191 (July 2012): 356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.190-191.356.

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VXI or PXI modules based on embedded computers are playing a significant role in test systems for both agricultural and commercial applications. In an Agricultural equipments remote diagnosis and Maintenance ATS (automatic test system), we applied ARM based VXI modules to developing an equipment called Portable Maintenance Aid Equipments (PMAE) as well as an Ethernet-based measurement system which solved a sticking point of this large-scale ATS. The main testing system is designed as a large-scale integrated test system that will perform automatic test for faulty LRUs (Local Replaceable Unit), and faults will be isolated to SRUs (Shop Replaceable Unit). PMAEs could cooperate with the main testing system in realizing remote measurement and control through virtual instrument (VI) technology, thus the localization veracity of faulty LRUs and cables could be greatly improved. ARM based embedded system was used to realize 0－slot controller as well as some dedicated test modules. It could offer maximum performance and the most compact size because they are installed directly into the VXI mainframe. Test results indicated good performance of this scheme, thereby greatly augmenting diagnostic capacity and efficiency of the Agricultural equipments remote diagnosis and Maintenance ATS.

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Rosales Luengas, Yukio, Ricardo López-Gutiérrez, Sergio Salazar, and Rogelio Lozano. "Robust controls for upper limb exoskeleton, real-time results." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 232, no. 7 (March 28, 2018): 797–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651818758866.

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This article shows the development of an exoskeleton for human joint. The exoskeleton proposed was developed for rehabilitating individuals who have suffered injuries at their shoulders, by rehabilitation exercises. The exoskeleton has special characteristics to deal with the 5 degrees of freedom of the human shoulder. The dynamic model results in the following form: [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are state’s vector, torque’s vector, a matrix function and a vector function, respectively. Therefore, we applied four different control laws, among which stand two robust controls (adaptive sliding modes and proportional–derivative with adaptive gravity compensation). The adaptive controller properties allow the exoskeleton to adapt to different humans with different parameters such as size, length, weight and so on that, in mathematical terms, is represented as a mechanical system with uncertainties.

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Michalik, Peter, and Vieroslav Molnar. "Test Equipment for Analysis of Samples Rubber – Textile Conveyor Belts by Help Industrial Metrotomographs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 683 (October 2014): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.683.208.

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The test equipment of samples for analysis of rubber-textile conveyor belts is a device designed to create tension and tracking the deformation in different cross sections of conveyor belts in one axis X. This construction is designed tensioning device, which allows the development of automatic tensioning force in one axis X-tensioning force F is exerted screw the nut with a torque wrench and a controlled strain-gauge sensor. Measured sample-textile conveyor belt is clamped in two adjustable clamping jaws ribbed belts for different thicknesses. Ribbed clamping jaws on one side of the tensioning device is attached to the frame and on the other hand are attached to the runner associated with the movable tensioning screw.

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Hong, S. W., Y. S. Choi, S. J. Kim, and G. Kwon. "Pilot-testing an alternative on-site wastewater treatment system for small communities and its automatic control." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 10 (May 1, 2005): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0356.

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The pilot test of a new alternative for small wastewater treatment system has been conducted for two years. It consists of a hybrid bioreactor and the expert system including the programmable logic controller and human-machine interface. In order to monitor its status, the real-time data was transferred from the remote station to the central station via a wireless local area network. More efficient and stable performances were observed at automatic operating mode compared with the manual. On an average, COD, SS, T-N and T-P concentrations in the effluent from the hybrid bioreactor were less than 14, 7, 12 and 0.9 mg/L, respectively. According to the result from laboratory experiments, the quality of treated wastewater with chemical coagulation process followed by sand filtration was enough to be utilized again if a final disinfection step is included.

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Marshall, Iain J., Benjamin Nye, Joël Kuiper, Anna Noel-Storr, Rachel Marshall, Rory Maclean, Frank Soboczenski, Ani Nenkova, James Thomas, and Byron C. Wallace. "Trialstreamer: A living, automatically updated database of clinical trial reports." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 27, no. 12 (September 17, 2020): 1903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa163.

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Abstract Objective Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard method for evaluating whether a treatment works in health care but can be difficult to find and make use of. We describe the development and evaluation of a system to automatically find and categorize all new RCT reports. Materials and Methods Trialstreamer continuously monitors PubMed and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, looking for new RCTs in humans using a validated classifier. We combine machine learning and rule-based methods to extract information from the RCT abstracts, including free-text descriptions of trial PICO (populations, interventions/comparators, and outcomes) elements and map these snippets to normalized MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) vocabulary terms. We additionally identify sample sizes, predict the risk of bias, and extract text conveying key findings. We store all extracted data in a database, which we make freely available for download, and via a search portal, which allows users to enter structured clinical queries. Results are ranked automatically to prioritize larger and higher-quality studies. Results As of early June 2020, we have indexed 673 191 publications of RCTs, of which 22 363 were published in the first 5 months of 2020 (142 per day). We additionally include 304 111 trial registrations from the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The median trial sample size was 66. Conclusions We present an automated system for finding and categorizing RCTs. This yields a novel resource: a database of structured information automatically extracted for all published RCTs in humans. We make daily updates of this database available on our website (https://trialstreamer.robotreviewer.net).

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Dong, Hui, Rongyao Ling, and Dan Zhang. "Network-based H∞ synchronization control of time-delay neural networks with communication constraints." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 06 (March 7, 2016): 1650069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798491650069x.

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This paper is concerned with the network-based [Formula: see text] synchronization control for a class of discrete time-delay neural networks, and attention is focused on how to reduce the communication rate since the communication resource is limited. Techniques such as the measurement size reduction, signal quantization and stochastic signal transmission are introduced to achieve the above goal. An uncertain switched system model is first proposed to capture the above-networked uncertainties. Based on the switched system theory and Lyapunov stability approach, a sufficient condition is obtained such that the closed-loop synchronization system is exponentially stable in the mean-square sense with a prescribed [Formula: see text] performance level. The controller gains are determined by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A numerical example is finally presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed design method.

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Benhadhria, Saifeddine, Mohamed Mansouri, Ameni Benkhlifa, Imed Gharbi, and Nadhem Jlili. "VAGADRONE: Intelligent and Fully Automatic Drone Based on Raspberry Pi and Android." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073153.

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Multirotor drones are widely used currently in several areas of life. Their suitable size and the tasks that they can perform are their main advantages. However, to the best of our knowledge, they must be controlled via remote control to fly from one point to another, and they can only be used for a specific mission (tracking, searching, computing, and so on). In this paper, we intend to present an autonomous UAV based on Raspberry Pi and Android. Android offers a wide range of applications for direct use by the UAV depending on the context of the assigned mission. The applications cover a large number of areas such as object identification, facial recognition, and counting objects such as panels, people, and so on. In addition, the proposed UAV calculates optimal trajectories, provides autonomous navigation without external control, detects obstacles, and ensures live streaming during the mission. Experiments are carried out to test the above-mentioned criteria.

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Cammalleri, M. "A new approach to the design of a speed-torque-controlled rubber V-belt variator." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 1413–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x35080.

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This paper presents a new model for a torque-speed-sensing rubber V-belt variator. The actuators are of the centrifugal roller kind on the driver side and a helical torque cam plus a compression-torsion spring on the driven side. The equations permit designing the actuator geometry in order to keep the transmissible torque as close as possible to the torque request in the whole operative field. Moreover, a procedure is suggested for the most proper design of an automatic variator of this kind. It permits choosing the required variogram of the transmission, i.e. the matching between the engine and the transmission, and designing the actuators: roller mass, housing shape, contact plate angle for the centrifugal roller actuator, and helical guide slope for the torque cam actuator. Furthermore, the degree of engine transmission matching can be calculated at part load for fixed actuators. Extensive experimental tests were carried out on a proper bench test to validate the procedure.

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Anggara Trisna Nugraha, Alwy Muhammad Ravi, and Dadang Priyambodo. "Optimization of Targeting Rocket Launchers with Wheeled Robots." Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics 3, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35882/jeeemi.v3i1.7.

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The quick launch weapon system is unique. This rocket launcher has a high launch rate, but the rocket launched is one stage lower than the launcher normally launched by ships of this size. For example, a (medium) cruiser would use a fast light rocket launcher to launch a light (small) rocket. Currently rocket launchers are still controlled by humans, using PCs and servo motors as control tools to determine the accuracy of the shooting angle, so complete components are needed when designing the robot so that the robot can work automatically as needed. For the input given, Automatically control the rocket launcher robot and communicate via PC, then use a USB TTL cable to forward commands to the microcontroller, then send it to the Xbee-pro transmitter circuit, then send and receive by the Xbee-pro receiver, and then send the Microcontroller for transmitter control sent to servo and rocket motors in the transmitter control system in the form of a relay. Based on the test results, the robot can guide the rocket launcher at a predetermined angle, and can launch manual rockets, multiple rockets, triple rockets and all rockets, with a success rate of up to 80%.

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Hill, Jonathan B., and Kaiji Motegi. "A MAX-CORRELATION WHITE NOISE TEST FOR WEAKLY DEPENDENT TIME SERIES." Econometric Theory 36, no. 5 (May 12, 2020): 907–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466619000367.

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This article presents a bootstrapped p-value white noise test based on the maximum correlation, for a time series that may be weakly dependent under the null hypothesis. The time series may be prefiltered residuals. The test statistic is a normalized weighted maximum sample correlation coefficient $ \max _{1\leq h\leq \mathcal {L}_{n}}\sqrt {n}|\hat {\omega }_{n}(h)\hat {\rho }_{n}(h)|$, where $\hat {\omega }_{n}(h)$ are weights and the maximum lag $ \mathcal {L}_{n}$ increases at a rate slower than the sample size n. We only require uncorrelatedness under the null hypothesis, along with a moment contraction dependence property that includes mixing and nonmixing sequences. We show Shao’s (2011, Annals of Statistics 35, 1773–1801) dependent wild bootstrap is valid for a much larger class of processes than originally considered. It is also valid for residuals from a general class of parametric models as long as the bootstrap is applied to a first-order expansion of the sample correlation. We prove the bootstrap is asymptotically valid without exploiting extreme value theory (standard in the literature) or recent Gaussian approximation theory. Finally, we extend Escanciano and Lobato’s (2009, Journal of Econometrics 151, 140–149) automatic maximum lag selection to our setting with an unbounded lag set that ensures a consistent white noise test, and find it works extremely well in controlled experiments.

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Yong, Wenming. "Design and Implementation of Intelligent English Electronic Dictionary System Based on Internet of Things." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (April 12, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5586662.

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In this paper, the intelligent English electronic dictionary system is studied to design and implement the electronic dictionary system according to the advantages of the Internet of Things. The software architecture, the design, and implementation of the client and server-side and related technologies in the development process of the dictionary application are used as the research content to comprehensively discuss the development process of the electronic dictionary. The client and server-side is based on C/S technology architecture, and the server-side is a standard Maven Web project, which is managed by Maven and does not cause conflicts; the model-view-controller framework is built using Spring MVC to achieve the separation of user interface and application logic. Spring MVC is used to build a model-view-controller framework to separate user interface and application logic. Spring dependency injection is used to build a loosely coupled project, which helps to separate project components; Spring Data JPA is used to build a persistence layer to facilitate data access and maximize the developer’s ability to automatically realize logical operations on data. After the overall performance test of the system, the performance is good under the platform, and the intelligence of trilingual word query is achieved, and the quickness and ease of use meet the requirements that can be applied.

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KAKHAKI, Z. MAKHDOUMI, A. YOUZBASHI, P. SANGPOUR, A. KAZEMZADEH, N. NADERI, and A. M. BAZARGAN. "EFFECTS OF BUFFER SALT CONCENTRATION ON THE DOMINATED DEPOSITION MECHANISM AND OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHEMICALLY DEPOSITED CADMIUM SULFIDE THIN FILMS." Surface Review and Letters 23, no. 03 (May 3, 2016): 1650014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x16500141.

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Effects of buffer salt concentration on the rate of deposition, dominated deposition mechanism and subsequently the structural, morphological, and optical properties of cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD) on glass substrate were investigated. The precursors were chosen to be cadmium chloride (CdCl2) as the cadmium source, thiourea (CS(NH[Formula: see text]) as the sulfur source, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) as the buffer salt and ammonia as the complexing agent and the pH controller. The influence of the NH4NO3 concentration on the structure, morphology, film uniformity, stoichiometry and optical properties of CdS thin films was also studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscope, uv–visible and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopes. The XRD studies revealed that all the deposited films exhibited a (002)h/(111)c preferred orientation. The crystallite size was increased from 20[Formula: see text]nm to 30[Formula: see text]nm by the increase of concentration of NH4NO3 from 0.5[Formula: see text]M to 2.5[Formula: see text]M. The morphology of CdS thin films were agglomerated spherical particles consisted of smaller particles. The surface of thin films deposited at the NH4NO3 concentration of 0.5[Formula: see text]M was compact and smooth. The increase of the concentration of NH4NO3 decreased the packing density of the films. The optical band gap was in the range of 2.25–2.4[Formula: see text]eV, which was decreased by the decrement of packing density. The PL spectra showed two peaks centered at 400[Formula: see text]nm and 500[Formula: see text]nm which are attributed to violet and band-to-band emissions, respectively.

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Mekonnen, Zeleke Abebaw, Kassahun Alemu Gelaye, Martin Were, and Binyam Tilahun. "Effect of Mobile Phone Text Message Reminders on the Completion and Timely Receipt of Routine Childhood Vaccinations: Superiority Randomized Controlled Trial in Northwest Ethiopia." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): e27603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/27603.

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Background Nonattendance at vaccination appointments is a big challenge for health workers as it is difficult to track routine vaccination schedules. In Ethiopia, 3 out of 10 children have incomplete vaccination and the timely receipt of the recommended vaccines is low. Thus, innovative strategies are required to reach the last mile where mobile technology can be effectively utilized to achieve better compliance. Despite this promising technology, little is known about the role of text message–based mobile health interventions in improving the complete and timely receipt of routine childhood vaccinations in Ethiopia. Objective This trial aimed to determine the effect of mobile phone text message reminders on the completion and timely receipt of routine childhood vaccinations in northwest Ethiopia. Methods A two-arm, parallel, superiority randomized controlled trial was conducted in 9 health facilities in northwest Ethiopia. A sample size of 434 mother-infant pairs was considered in this trial. Randomization was applied in selected health facilities during enrollment with a 1:1 allocation ratio by using sealed and opaque envelopes. Participants assigned to the intervention group received mobile phone text message reminders one day before the scheduled vaccination visits. Owing to the nature of the intervention, blinding of participants was not possible. Primary outcomes of full and timely completion of vaccinations were measured objectively at 12 months. A two-sample test of proportion and log-binomial regression analyses were used to compare the outcomes between the study groups. A modified intention-to-treat analysis approach was applied and a one-tailed test was reported, considering the superiority design of the trial. Results A total of 426 participants were included for the analysis. We found that a higher proportion of infants in the intervention group received Penta-3 (204/213, 95.8% vs 185/213, 86.9%, respectively; P<.001), measles (195/213, 91.5% vs 169/213, 79.3%, respectively; P<.001), and full vaccination (176/213, 82.6% vs 151/213, 70.9%, respectively; P=.002; risk ratio 1.17, 95% lower CI 1.07) compared to infants in the usual care group. Similarly, a higher proportion of infants in the intervention group received Penta-3 (181/204, 88.7% vs 128/185, 69.2%, respectively; P<.001), measles (170/195, 87.1% vs 116/169, 68.6%, respectively; P<.001), and all scheduled vaccinations (135/213, 63.3% vs 85/213, 39.9%, respectively; P<.001; risk ratio 1.59, 95% lower CI 1.35) on time compared to infants in the usual care group. Of the automatically sent 852 mobile phone text messages, 764 (89.7%) were delivered successfully to the participants. Conclusions Mobile phone text message reminders significantly improved complete and timely receipt of all recommended vaccines. Besides, they had a significant effect in improving the timely receipt of specific vaccines. Thus, text message reminders can be used to supplement the routine immunization program in resource-limited settings. Considering different contexts, studies on the implementation challenges of mobile health interventions are recommended. Trial Registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR201901533237287; https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=5839

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Goodisman, M. I., M. L. G. Oldfield, R. C. Kingcombe, T. V. Jones, R. W. Ainsworth, and A. J. Brooks. "An Axial Turbobrake." Journal of Turbomachinery 114, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929160.

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The “Axial Turbobrake” (patent applied for) is a novel turbomachine that can be used to absorb power generated by test turbines. Unlike a compressor, there is no pressure recovery through the turbobrake. This simplifies the aerodynamic design and enables high-stage loadings to be achieved. The blades used have high-turning two-dimensional profiles. This paper describes a single-stage axial turbobrake, which is driven by the exhaust gas of the test turbine and is isolated from the turbine by a choked throat. In this configuration no fast-acting controls are necessary as the turbobrake operates automatically with the turbine flow. Tests on a 0.17 scale model show that the performance is close to that predicted by a simple two-dimensional theory, and demonstrate that the turbobrake power absorption can be controlled and hence matched to that typically produced by the first stage of a modern highly loaded transonic turbine. A full-size axial turbobrake will be used in a short-duration rotating turbine experiment in an Isentropic Light Piston Tunnel at RAE Pyestock.

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Parsons, Michael G., and Richard W. Harkins. "The Great Lakes Ballast Technology Demonstration Project Filtration Mechanical Test Program." Marine Technology and SNAME News 37, no. 03 (July 1, 2000): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2000.37.3.129.

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The Great Lakes Ballast Technology Demonstration Project has investigated the effectiveness of automatic backwash screen filtration of ballast water during its uptake as a means of minimizing the potential for the introduction of nonindigenous species. The Great Lakes Protection Fund; the State of Minnesota, upon the recommendation of the Legislative Commission for Minnesota Resources (LCMR); the LakeCarriers' Association; Northeast-Midwest Institute; Federal agencies and universities have supported this project. Initial testing during the 1997 operating season involved testing onboard the Seaway-sized bulkcarrier MV Algonorth during operations between the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Great Lakes ports. Thistesting provided important information on system design, operations, and filtration biological effectiveness, but the mechanical test results were of limited value as benchmark experiments. During the summer of1998, the modular system was installed on a barge located in the Duluth, Minnesota, harbor to permit more controlled, intensive mechanical and biological testing. The overall design of the shipboard and the bargeballast water filtration test installations are briefly summarized. The barge mechanical test program involved extended testing with 25 micron, 50 micron, and 100 micron filter screens at a nominal 1500 U.S.gpm using an operating profile that approximates normal ship ballast operations. The results of this test program are reported. Lessons learned in the system design, operation, and test program are discussed.

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Bae, Jang-Whan, Seoung-Il Woo, Joongyub Lee, Sang-Don Park, Sung Woo Kwon, Seong Huan Choi, Gwang-Seok Yoon, Mi-Sook Kim, Seung-Sik Hwang, and Won Kyung Lee. "mHealth Interventions for Lifestyle and Risk Factor Modification in Coronary Heart Disease: Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 9 (September 24, 2021): e29928. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/29928.

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Background Self-management of lifestyle and cardiovascular disease risk factors is challenging in older patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). SMS text messaging could be a potential support tool for self-management and the most affordable and accessible method through a mobile phone. High-quality evidence had been lacking, and previous studies evaluated the effects of SMS text messaging on the subjective measures of short-term outcomes. Recently, a large-sized randomized controlled trial in Australia reported promising findings on the objective measures upon 6-month follow-up. However, an examination of the effectiveness of such interventions in an Asian population with unique demographic characteristics would be worthwhile. Objective This study examined the effectiveness of a 1-way SMS text messaging program to modify the lifestyle and cardiovascular disease risk factors of patients who underwent the first percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods A parallel, single-blinded, 1:1 random allocation clinical trial was conducted with 879 patients treated through PCI. They were recruited during hospital admission from April 2017 to May 2020 at 2 university hospitals in the Republic of Korea. In addition to standard care, the intervention group received access to a supporting website and 4 SMS text messages per week for 6 months regarding a healthy diet, physical activity, smoking cessation, and cardiovascular health. Random allocation upon study enrollment and SMS text messaging after hospital discharge were performed automatically using a computer program. The coprimary outcomes were low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and BMI. The secondary outcomes were change in lifestyle and adherence to the recommended health behaviors. Results Of the eligible population, 440 and 439 patients who underwent PCI were assigned to the intervention and control groups, respectively. The 1-way SMS text messaging program significantly enhanced physical activity (P=.02), healthy diet (P<.01), and medication adherence (P<.04) among patients with CHD. Hence, more people were likely to control their cardiovascular disease risk factors per the recommendations. The intervention group was more likely to control all 5 risk factors by 62% (relative risk 1.62, 95% CI 1.05-2.50) per the recommendations. On the other hand, physiological measures of the primary outcomes, including LDL-C levels, SBP, and BMI, were not significant. Most participants found the SMS text messaging program useful and helpful in motivating lifestyle changes. Conclusions Lifestyle-focused SMS text messages were effective in the self-management of a healthy diet, exercise, and medication adherence, but their influence on the physiological measures was not significant. One-way SMS text messages can be used as an affordable adjuvant method for lifestyle modification to help prevent the recurrence of cardiovascular disease. Trial Registration Clinical Research Information Service (CRiS) KCT0005087; https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do/19282

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Martínez, Dani, Javier Moreno, Marcel Tresanchez, Eduard Clotet, Juan Manuel Jiménez-Soto, Rudys Magrans, Antonio Pardo, Santiago Marco, and Jordi Palacín. "Measuring Gas Concentration and Wind Intensity in a Turbulent Wind Tunnel with a Mobile Robot." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7184980.

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This paper presents the measurement of gas concentration and wind intensity performed with a mobile robot in a custom turbulent wind tunnel designed for experimentation with customizable wind and gas leak sources. This paper presents the representation in different information layers of the measurements obtained in the turbulent wind tunnel under different controlled environmental conditions in order to describe the plume of the gas and wind intensities inside the experimentation chamber. The information layers have been generated from the measurements gathered by individual onboard gas and wind sensors carried out by an autonomous mobile robot. On the one hand, the assumption was that the size and cost of these specialized sensors do not allow the creation of a net of sensors or other measurement alternatives based on the simultaneous use of several sensors, and on the other hand, the assumption is that the information layers created will have application on the development and test of automatic gas source location procedures based on reactive or nonreactive algorithms.

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Bernabeu-Mira, Juan Carlos, Hilario Pellicer-Chover, Miguel Peñarrocha-Diago, and David Peñarrocha-Oltra. "In Vitro Study on Bone Heating during Drilling of the Implant Site: Material, Design and Wear of the Surgical Drill." Materials 13, no. 8 (April 19, 2020): 1921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081921.

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Objective: An in vitro study was made to compare mean thermal variation according to the material, design and wear of the surgical drills used during dental implant site preparation. Material and methods: Three study groups (stainless steel drills with straight blades; diamond-like carbon-coated drills with straight blades; and diamond-like carbon-coated drills with twisted blades) were tested to compare material, design and wear of the surgical drill in terms of overall mean values (complete sequence of drills) and specific mean values (each drill separately). The groups comprised four drills: initial, pilot, progressive and final drill. Implant site configuration was performed through an intermittent and gradual drilling technique without irrigation at 800 rpm in standardized synthetic blocks. Maximum axial loading of two kilograms was controlled by an automatic press. Each surgical drill was submitted to 50 drillings and was sterilized every five uses. A thermographic camera analyzed the mean thermal changes. The software-controlled automatic press kept systematic drilling, axial loading and operational speed constant without any human intervention. Student’s t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression models were performed. The level of significance was 5% (p = 0.05). Results: The overall mean comparison between the stainless steel and diamond-like carbon-coated materials showed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05), though specific mean comparison showed statistically significant differences between the drills of the different groups (p < 0.05). The twisted blades exhibited less overall and specific mean thermal variation than straight blades for the progressive and final drills (p < 0.01). In addition, the initial and pilot drills showed a greater mean thermal change than the progressive and final drills. The mean thermal variation was seen to increase during the 50 drillings. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the drill material did not significantly influence the overall mean thermal variation except for the pilot drill. The drill design affected overall and specific mean thermal variation since the twisted blades heated less than the straight blades. The initial and pilot drills increased the specific mean thermal variation with respect to the progressive and final drills. In addition, all drills in each group produced a gradual increase in mean temperature during the 50 drillings.

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Pulungan, Ali Basrah, Aditya Manggala Putra, Hamdani Hamdani, and Hastuti Hastuti. "SISTEM KENDALI KEKERUHAN DAN pH AIR KOLAM BUDIDAYA IKAN NILA." ELKHA 12, no. 2 (October 11, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/elkha.v12i2.40688.

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This study aims to make a tool that can monitor the condition of the pH level and water turbidity in fish ponds so that fish growth can be maximized. This fish pond has a control system that can be controlled automatically. The purpose of using this control is to get maximum results and to save water use in fish ponds This tool has two sensors consisting of a TDS-10 sensor which functions to detect the turbidity level of water in fish ponds and a pH sensor which functions to detect the pH level of the water in the fish pond. Comparison with previous research, the application of fish ponds with a size of 3 x 4 meters so that observations about how the tools work and the success rate of the tools can be observed more intensively. In addition, the ESP8266 wifi module is supported as a collaboration monitoring center without the need to come to the location directly Based on the test results of the TDS-10 sensor and pH sensor that have been carried out in the fish pond, the test results show good performance with the proportion of detection error of the TDS-10 sensor (4.8 NTU) to the set point (5 NTU) is 4%.

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EGERT, S., and D. PERI. "AEROSOL TYPE-IDENTIFICATION USING UV-NIR-IR LIDAR SYSTEM." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 18, no. 03 (September 2008): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156408005692.

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Identification of aerosol type and chemical composition may help to trace their origin and estimate their impact on land and people. Aerosols chemical composition, size distribution and particles shape, manifest themselves in their spectral scattering cross-section. In order to make a reliable identification, comprehensive spectral analysis of aerosol scattering should be carried out. Usually, spectral LIDAR measurements of aerosols are most efficiently performed using an Nd:YAG laser transmitter in the fundamental frequency and its 2nd, 3rd and 4th harmonics. In this paper we describe automatic detection and identification of several aerosol types and size distributions, using a multi-spectral lidar system operating in the IR, NIR and UV spectral regions. The LIDAR transmitter is based on a single Nd:YAG laser. In addition to the 3rd and 4th harmonics in the UV, two optical parametric oscillator units produce the eye-safe 1.5 µm wavelength in the near IR and up to 40 separable spectral lines in the 8-11 µm IR. The combination of a wide spectral coverage required for backscattering analysis combined with fluorescence data, enable the generation of a large spectral data set for aerosols identification. Several natural and anthropogenic aerosol types were disseminated in controlled conditions, to test system capabilities. Reliable identification of transient and continuous phenomena demands fast and efficient control and detection algorithms. System performance, using the specially designed algorithms, is described below.

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Lee, Hyobum, Hangseok Choi, Soon-Wook Choi, Soo-Ho Chang, Tae-Ho Kang, and Chulho Lee. "Numerical Simulation of EPB Shield Tunnelling with TBM Operational Condition Control Using Coupled DEM–FDM." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 2551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062551.

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This study demonstrates a three-dimensional numerical simulation of earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunnelling using a coupled discrete element method (DEM) and a finite difference method (FDM). The analysis adopted the actual size of a spoke-type EPB shield tunnel boring machine (TBM) consisting of a cutter head with cutting tools, working chamber, screw conveyor, and shield. For the coupled model to reproduce the in situ ground condition, the ground formation was generated partially using the DEM (for the limited domain influenced by excavation), with the rest of the domain being composed of FDM grids. In the DEM domain, contact parameters of particles were calibrated via a series of large-scale triaxial test analyses. The model simulated tunnelling as the TBM operational conditions were controlled. The penetration rate and the rotational speed of the screw conveyor were automatically adjusted as the TBM advanced to prevent the generation of excessive or insufficient torque, thrust force, or chamber pressure. Accordingly, these parameters were maintained consistently around their set operational ranges during excavation. The simulation results show that the proposed numerical model based on DEM–FDM coupling could reasonably simulate EPB driving while considering the TBM operational conditions.

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Martin-Fuentes, Eva, and Juan Pedro Mellinas. "Hotels that most rely on Booking.com – online travel agencies (OTAs) and hotel distribution channels." Tourism Review 73, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 465–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-12-2017-0201.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to know which hotels mostly rely on Booking.com, investigating the level of presence on Booking.com around the world by country, hotel size, hotel category and managerial form. Neither the company nor the hotels provide this information, so the authors use the number of reviews as an indicator of estimated sales. Design/methodology/approach Data from 33,996 hotels worldwide are downloaded from Booking.com using a Web browser automatically controlled, developed in Python, that simulated a user navigation (clicks and selections). The comparison between independent hotels and hotels belonging to a chain is performed by a Student’s t distribution test and the comparison of hotel categories and hotel size is analyzed by a one-way ANOVA test. Findings The results show that three factors clearly influence the usage level of Booking.com: independent vs chain hotels, small vs large hotels and low vs high category hotels worldwide. The authors also observe that hotels from Europe are the ones that rely more on Booking.com. Originality/value The originality of this research is to identify the factors that make hotels to have a greater (lesser) dependence on Booking.com within each destination and geographical area. Moreover, the use of big data from hotels worldwide allows the authors to know the level of use of Booking.com in dozens of countries, especially those with the highest tourist activity. This work expands the capabilities of big data in the hospitality industry research, and with a simple ratio, this study counteracts the lack of public data on hotel sales through Booking.com. This new approach could be extended to the analysis of other online travel agencies (OTAs), which use similar review systems.

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Higashitani, T., K. Miyajima, N. Nakada, M. Yasojima, H. Tanaka, and Y. Suzuki. "Development of on-site fish exposure system placed in water quality monitoring stations along a river." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0483.

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Estrogen-like substances have been suspected to cause feminization of wild fish in rivers in Japan. To elucidate the influence of estrogen-like substances on fish in river, we have started to develop the on-site continuous fish exposure system using medaka Oryzias latipes that were placed in water quality monitoring stations along a river. Adult male medaka were exposed to the river water in a glass exposure tank placed in the monitoring stations. Flow rate of water and water temperature were controlled at 30L/hour and 26°C respectively, and a light: dark cycle was maintained 16:8 hours. A commercial diet free from phyto-estrogens was fed 4 times in a day using automatic feeder. After 2-week exposure, hepatic vitellogenin concentration of each male medaka was measured. The exposure tests were repeatedly performed at both the upstream and the downstream of sewage treatment plants along the River Tama which is a representative urbanized river in Japan. At the control site Haijimabashi monitoring station, vitellogenin was not detected in male medaka. On the other hand, at the Ishihara monitoring station which is the most downstream in this test area, every male medaka were produced vitellogenin in the test performed in the spring of 2004. As the results of the water quality analysis, it could be inferred that the estrone derived from effluents of sewage treatment plants caused the feminization of male medaka. The reason why the concentrations of the estrone and the estrogenic activity using DNA recombinant yeast varied in proportion to the electric conductivity of river water measured at the water quality monitoring station. Furthermore, after continuous 2-week exposure, the vitellogenin production of male medaka was reduced similar to the decrease of the concentrations of the estrone and the estrogenic activity of river water.

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Dong, Zhi-Yan, Shun-An Liu, Chao Liu, Jin-Lin Liu, and Lei Feng. "Modelling and robust control of an unmanned coaxial rotor helicopter with unstructured uncertainties." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 1 (January 2017): 168781401668796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814016687961.

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A complete methodology for an unmanned coaxial rotor helicopter with unstructured uncertainties was proposed to achieve high-accuracy tracking performance from modelling to robust control. An integrative approach was introduced to systematically construct a whole dynamic model. The key parameters were selected carefully after iteratively being checked by empirical coefficients to decrease the budget and risk of programme. Moreover, a new control scheme is proposed to simultaneously incorporate six inputs to control six states based on the investment of singularity value responses and the general rule of relative gain array. Coprime factor uncertainty model is considered to represent a class of unstructured uncertainties, such as unmolded actuator dynamics and unpredicted interferences between two rotors. Furthermore, the [Formula: see text] loop-shaping control was proposed to apply the control design of the coaxial rotor helicopter to manage complicated uncertainties and multivariable coupling. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller design in the step response of the closed loop. The stable closed-loop plant is achieved and the tolerant size of unstructured uncertainty is up to 36.09%. Good step responses and satisfied decoupling were also investigated in detail.

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Soler, Santiago R., Agustina Pesce, Mario E. Gimenez, and Leonardo Uieda. "Gravitational field calculation in spherical coordinates using variable densities in depth." Geophysical Journal International 218, no. 3 (June 11, 2019): 2150–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz277.

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SUMMARY We present a new methodology to compute the gravitational fields generated by tesseroids (spherical prisms) whose density varies with depth according to an arbitrary continuous function. It approximates the gravitational fields through the Gauss–Legendre Quadrature along with two discretization algorithms that automatically control its accuracy by adaptively dividing the tesseroid into smaller ones. The first one is a preexisting 2-D adaptive discretization algorithm that reduces the errors due to the distance between the tesseroid and the computation point. The second is a new density-based discretization algorithm that decreases the errors introduced by the variation of the density function with depth. The amount of divisions made by each algorithm is indirectly controlled by two parameters: the distance-size ratio and the delta ratio. We have obtained analytical solutions for a spherical shell with radially variable density and compared them to the results of the numerical model for linear, exponential, and sinusoidal density functions. The heavily oscillating density functions are intended only to test the algorithm to its limits and not to emulate a real world case. These comparisons allowed us to obtain optimal values for the distance-size and delta ratios that yield an accuracy of 0.1 per cent of the analytical solutions. The resulting optimal values of distance-size ratio for the gravitational potential and its gradient are 1 and 2.5, respectively. The density-based discretization algorithm produces no discretizations in the linear density case, but a delta ratio of 0.1 is needed for the exponential and most sinusoidal density functions. These values can be extrapolated to cover most common use cases, which are simpler than oscillating density profiles. However, the distance-size and delta ratios can be configured by the user to increase the accuracy of the results at the expense of computational speed. Finally, we apply this new methodology to model the Neuquén Basin, a foreland basin in Argentina with a maximum depth of over 5000 m, using an exponential density function.

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Lim, Sung Han, Jeong Mo Yang, and Seung Ki Ryu. "Improvement of Detection Method and Power Supply Device of Vehicle Detector." Advanced Materials Research 787 (September 2013): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.787.478.

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Automatic Vehicle Classification (AVC) detector, among traffic data collection devices, is very useful but operation failure or damage is often occurred due to unstable power supply, weather changes and poor road pavement condition, causing deteriorated data quality. In case of AVC detector currently used for detecting the vehicle type, 2 or more detectors are installed at the sections with similar traffic pattern, causing unnecessary cost. This study thus is intended to identify the problems with existing vehicle detector so as to develop the improved detector as well as evaluate the performance. This study is intended to identify the problems with existing vehicle detector and develop and evaluate the improved detector. The failure with AVC detector was mostly attributable to unstable power supply and environmental change and complex sensor and controller results in the high cost. Thus, to stabilize the power supply and reduce the failure by environmental change, improvement of the control part and enclosure was made and the cost was reduced by simplifying the sensor and control system and as a result of test, data accuracy, power stability and cost reduction could be achieve, proving high potential applicability to the site in the future.

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Fuada, Syifaul, Angga Pratama Putra, Yulian Aska, and Trio Adiono. "A First Approach to Design Mobility Function and Noise Filter in VLC System Utilizing Low-cost Analog Circuits." International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES) 5, no. 2 (July 6, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v5i2.6700.

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Visible Light Communication (VLC) as one of wireless technology must be able to offer a good capability as mobile communication system. The signal will be faded when the distance and angle of LED to photo-detector become higher at a certain distance. Other problem at VLC system is light interference noise which is caused by flicker effect from other light sources such as incandescent, fluorescent, DC-lamp (i.e. flashlight) and the sunlight. Each of lights have specific carried signal characteristics and it can influences the VLC system. In this paper we offer design of mobile VLC system based on analog domain. We use Automatic Gain Controller (AGC) circuit using commercially available IC and it will be placed at analog front-end receiver side. AGC can self-adjust its gain according to the input signal amplitude. We also design analog filter to eliminate all interferences noise spectrum which is existed under 50 KHz. We design both circuits, analog filter and AGC in VLC receiver system with low-cost. The test data are obtained through the simulation and achieved good results in ideal condition.

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Chen, Yihong, Arash Ahmadi, and Mohammed Jalal Ahamed. "Optimizing Non-Glare Zone Width of Adaptive Driving Beam (ADB) Using Fuzzy Logic Control." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 8840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198840.

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Adaptive driving beam (ADB) is an advanced vehicle forward-lighting system that automatically adapts its beam patterns to create a non-glare zone around vehicles, providing good long-range visibility for the driver without causing an uncomfortable glare for other road users. The performance of the ADB system is affected by the non-glare zone width. A narrow non-glare zone could create indirect glare in the side rearview mirrors of preceding vehicles during sharp turns while widening it results in poor road illumination. This research studies the trade-off relationship between glare and road illumination when altering the width of the non-glare zone in different driving scenarios. The study is conducted by using virtual driving simulation tools to simulate an ADB vehicle on four S-curve roads with minimum curvatures varying from 25 m to 100 m. Lux data are collected and processed using a fuzzy logic controller to mimic a human test driver to find the best non-glare zone width for balancing the trade-off. The research developed a design methodology allowing for a better understanding of the effect adjusting the width of the ADB non-glare zone has on ADB performance and improved ADB non-glare zone width optimum control system design.

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Rajagukguk, Antonius, and Riski Kurniawan. "Design Inverter SPWM Tow Frequency Based Soil Moisture Sensor Using Arduino." International Journal of Electrical, Energy and Power System Engineering 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ijeepse.4.2.145-153.

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Inverters on induction motor control are widely used both in industry, transportation, household, and agriculture. This inverter is designed to convert Direct Current electricity into Alternating Current electricity. In this study, the inverter is designed using the Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) switching method and is able to produce pure sine waves of two frequencies of 50 Hz and 25 Hz with input control based on the reading of the soil moisture sensor. The purpose of this research is to apply to the controller of automatic watering plants. This system uses Arduino Uno as a SPWM signal generator and processes the reading of the soil moisture sensor and controls the LC filter. Based on the test results of the inverter control system, it is obtained an output voltage of 200 volts with a measured frequency of 48.83 Hz and 24.61 Hz with an input voltage of 12 Volt DC. The inverter system when loaded with single phase induction motors obtained efficiency at a frequency of 50 Hz by 36% and at a frequency of 25 Hz obtained by 70%. Thus, it can be concluded that this single-phase inverter can be used for applications in single phase induction motor speed control.

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Mitsuhata, Yuji, Toshihiro Uchida, and Hiroshi Amano. "2.5‐D inversion of frequency‐domain electromagnetic data generated by a grounded‐wire source." GEOPHYSICS 67, no. 6 (November 2002): 1753–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1527076.

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Interpretation of controlled‐source electromagnetic (CSEM) data is usually based on 1‐D inversions, whereas data of direct current (dc) resistivity and magnetotelluric (MT) measurements are commonly interpreted by 2‐D inversions. We have developed an algorithm to invert frequency‐Domain vertical magnetic data generated by a grounded‐wire source for a 2‐D model of the earth—a so‐called 2.5‐D inversion. To stabilize the inversion, we adopt a smoothness constraint for the model parameters and adjust the regularization parameter objectively using a statistical criterion. A test using synthetic data from a realistic model reveals the insufficiency of only one source to recover an acceptable result. In contrast, the joint use of data generated by a left‐side source and a right‐side source dramatically improves the inversion result. We applied our inversion algorithm to a field data set, which was transformed from long‐offset transient electromagnetic (LOTEM) data acquired in a Japanese oil and gas field. As demonstrated by the synthetic data set, the inversion of the joint data set automatically converged and provided a better resultant model than that of the data generated by each source. In addition, our 2.5‐D inversion accounted for the reversals in the LOTEM measurements, which is impossible using 1‐D inversions. The shallow parts (above about 1 km depth) of the final model obtained by our 2.5‐D inversion agree well with those of a 2‐D inversion of MT data.

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Li, Wenkai, Liqiao Tian, Shanshan Guo, Jian Li, Zhaohua Sun, and Li Zhang. "An Automatic Stationary Water Color Parameters Observation System for Shallow Waters: Designment and Applications." Sensors 19, no. 20 (October 9, 2019): 4360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204360.

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Measurements of the above-water spectrum and concerned water color parameters (WCPs) are crucial for research and applications in water environment remote sensing. Due to the lack of system integration and automatization, conventional methods are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to subjective influences. To obtain a highly accurate and long-term consistent spectrum and concurrent WCPs (Chl-a (chlorophyll-a), turbidity, and CDOM (Colored Dissolved Organic Matter)) data with a relatively low cost, an Automatic Stationary Water Color Parameters Observation System (AFWCPOS) was developed. Controlled by an automatic platform, the spectral and WCPs data were collected by TriOS RAMSES hyperspectral spectroradiometers and WETLabs ECO (Environmental Characterization Optics) fluorometers following the measurement protocol. Experiment and initial validations of AFWCPOS were carried out in Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, from 20 to 28 July 2013. Results proved that the spectral data from AFWCPOS were highly consistent with the commonly used portable SVC (Spectra Vista Corporation) HR-1024 field spectroradiometer, with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.96, unbiased percent difference (UPD) of 0.14, and mean relative difference (MRD) of 0.078. With advantages of continuous and high degrees of automation monitoring, the AFWCPOS has great potential in capture diurnal and inter-diurnal variations in the test site of Poyang Lake, as well as another high-dynamic shallow coastal and inland waters, which will benefit routine water quality monitoring with high quality and high-frequency time-series observations. In addition, a successful case based on Landsat 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) image and in-situ data collected by AFWCPOS showed it’s potential in remote sensing applications. The spatial distribution of Chl-a, turbidity, and CDOM were mapped, which were explainable and similar to previous researches. These results showed our system was able to obtain reliable and valuable data for water environment monitoring.

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