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1
Jović, Marija, Edvard Tijan, Ana Perić Hadžić, and Petra Karanikić. "Economic aspects of automation innovations in electronic transportation management systems." Pomorstvo 34, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 417–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.34.2.22.
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This paper presents an analysis of economic aspects of three selected automation innovations in electronic Transportation Management Systems: Maritime Transport Chain solution and Vessel Estimated Time of Arrival solution (related to the maritime transport) and Delivery Planning solution (related to the transport in general). The theoretical background of transportation, Transportation Management Systems, maritime transportation and seaports is provided, focusing on the economic aspects. A literature review has been conducted, in order to identify the research gap and to focus on the economic aspects of the selected automation innovations. A SWOT Analysis of the Maritime Transport Chain solution, Vessel Estimated Time of Arrival solution and Delivery Planning solution (from an internal and external perspective) is presented, adding to the existing research of the economic aspects of automation innovations in the transport sector.
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Yao, Yucai. "Research on the application of automation technology in mechanical engineering control." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 1, no. 3 (February 8, 2023): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.3.1.961.
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Automation technology, as one of the important achievements of modern science and technology research and development, plays an important role in the innovation and development of various enterprises. According to the accumulated experience in the development of mechanical engineering and automation technology in recent years, relevant departments and enterprises attach great importance to the learning and accumulation of basic theory and applied technology, and will integrate social experience and market economic structure together. In the biochemical research of mechanical equipment projects, the automation development goal of mechanical engineering control can be truly realized and the core pace of market economic system can be accelerated. In this paper, based on the understanding of the development status of mechanical engineering control and automation technology, mainly from the integrated automation, flexible automation, the Internet of things and other aspects of application research, and combined with the development of practice, clear the application advantages of automation technology, in order to provide technical support for the development of mechanical engineering in the new era.
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Ismail, Rasha Fady, Fadi Safieddine, Rawad Hammad, and Mazhar Hallak Kantakji. "Towards Sustainable Production Processes Reengineering: Case Study at INCOM Egypt." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 6564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116564.
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INCOM Egypt has undergone automation in some processes where critical aspects of its operations are transformed and automated. This paper presents an overview of INCOM Egypt processes using Ould Riva and analyses the process of ‘handling a product’. It aims to demonstrate effective automation of the production of wires and cables process accompanied to Industry 4.0 while considering environmental and economic sustainability goals that were inhibited by COVID-19 restrictions. Ould’s Riva method is used to analyse the production process of wires and cables to propose improvements for automating the process. Business process modelling is utilised to study the processes for clearer understating. The flow of information within the process is also analysed to integrate the production process with other processes and supply chains, which helps to identify which production activities can be automated and mainstreamed into the information flow to achieve environmental and economic sustainability. The context of INCOM Egypt, as a case study, is presented along with the Riva model of its operations. The paper identifies the before, i.e., As-Is process, and after, i.e., To-Be Process, automation of the ‘handle a product’ process using the Role Activity Diagram (RAD). The process involved redesigning and improving different activities to increase resource-use efficiency to participate in achieving the goals of sustainability. The focus of this paper is to investigate the negative impact of COVID-19 on sustainability and to examine the accomplishments of process automation of wire production towards environmental and economic sustainability. The results of the research reveal a relationship between business process modelling and sustainability. Moreover, automation of processes (Industry 4.0) is found to reduce the negative effect of COVID-19 on production. A triangulation between process modelling, process automation (Industry 4.0), and sustainability was determined. Each one is reinforcing and impacting one another. The RAD model demonstrates that automation of the activities in the process reduces waste, time, cost, and redundant processes as factors of sustainability, which may also help to lessen the unfavorable effects of the pandemic. The results proved generalisation on other organisations in the same line of business.
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Sazhina, M. A., and A. V. Gavrilyuk. "Intellectual Property in an Innovative Economy: Methodological Aspects." Scientific Research of Faculty of Economics. Electronic Journal 12, no. 2 (June 28, 2020): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/2078-3809-2020-12-2-26-39.
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The article reveals the economic content of intellectual property as a ratio of the appropriation and alienation of property. It is shown that intellectual property acts as a unity of a person’s mental abilities, which are expressed in his ability to solve various kinds of problems, and the result of these abilities is the net income of the owner obtained as a result of alienation. The role of intellectual property as the most important changing factor in the development of an innovative economy is considered. The participation of the state and business in the use of intellectual property and the intensification of innovation is shown. The article discloses modern trends in the development of innovations aimed at a high degree of automation and the use of new technologies for continuous self-replicating economic growth, improving the welfare and standard of living of society, and the development of the human person.
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Lewis, I. M., A. J. French, R. T. Tecirlioglu, G. Vajta, A. E. McClintock, K. R. Nicholas, K. A. Zuelke, M. K. Holland, and A. O. Trounson. "Commercial aspects of cloning and genetic modification in cattle." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 11 (2004): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03239.
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A range of potential commercial applications of cloning and genetic modification in cattle has been suggested over the last decade. It includes the rapid multiplication of elite genotypes, production of valuable human proteins, altered production characteristics, increased disease resistance and milk with improved nutritional value and processing capabilities. However, an economic return from the sale of product is far from reality in any of these areas. One impediment to achieving economic sustainability is the extremely low efficiency in producing healthy offspring from transferred cloned embryos. Other significant impediments are societal concerns surrounding such technologies, animal welfare issues and regulatory requirements. This review will focus on current biological limitations and technical capabilities in commercial settings, the changes required to allow the production and sale of products at economically sustainable levels, cryopreservation and the progress towards automation of cloning techniques.
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Kohl, J. L., M. J. van der Schoor, A. M. Syré, and D. Göhlich. "SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICE ROBOTS." Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 1 (May 2020): 1949–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsd.2020.59.
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AbstractWe introduce the concept of social sustainability, intertwined with ecological and economic aspects, to the field of service robots and comparable automation technology. It takes a first step towards a comprehensive guideline that operationalizes and applies social sustainability. By applying this guideline to the project MURMEL we offer a concept that collects and rates social key issues to visualize their individual importance. Social sustainability is an important and often overlooked aspect of sustainable technology development which should be considered in the early development phase.
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Zhang, Li Ying, Zhong Xu Zhang, Quan Ying Li, Ji Pan Yao, Ru Hai Li, Xue Zhang, and Chuan Bin Liang. "Mechanical Automation of Rice Transplanting and Key Agronomic Techniques." Applied Mechanics and Materials 345 (August 2013): 498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.345.498.
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Mechanical automation of rice transplanting was one of the key aspects of rice production mechanical automation that possessed significant social and economic benefits. The present situation and future development trend of rice planting mechanization of our country were expounded in this paper. Through the analysis of agricultural mechanization to modern agriculture, the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy and the necessity of accelerating the realization of agricultural mechanization were put forward. At last, Key agronomic techniques and materials needed in the process of mechanization transplanting were illustrated detailedly.
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Chilver, F. R. S. Henry. "Some comments on the national conference on ‘The economic, social, financial and technical effects of automation (November 27–28, 1984; University of Salford, U.K.) … conference closure." Robotica 3, no. 3 (September 1985): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700009103.
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SUMMARYAfter reviewing the conference topics, the author discusses the technical potential of automation in the wider aspects of technical innovation. The next topic is concerned with automation and the world economy in general, and that in developed countries in particular. Some comments are then made about the manufacturing prospects in the U.K. and their relationships with education and training in the relevant fields. Finally, the inauguration of the Advanced Manufacturing Technology Chair at the University of Salford is described in the context of industry-education problems.
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Weeks, Kelly, Frank Montabon, and George Kenyon. "Extending green supply chain practices through automation: Multinational best practices." International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 119–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tmsd_00054_1.
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This study simultaneously investigates the effect ‘greening’ has on supply chains and the effect injecting automation has upon these green supply chains. This article adapts the natural resource-based view of the firm, a theoretical perspective prevalent in management literature, to develop a conceptual framework. This study surveys 292 firms from multiple countries to test both relationships. Literature has laid the initial groundwork for multinational manufacturing efficiency studies that we build and expand upon. Multiple techniques were used to mitigate common method bias, including multiple survey responses per firm sampled, confirmatory factor analysis with Chi- square and Harman’s test of common method bias. We find automation generally lends itself to improving aspects of green supply chains regardless of global location of firms. With increasing automation levels, supply chain efficiency improves, thereby improving economic performance. Once automation is employed, there’s a positive effect that cascades through the entire supply chain.
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KONOVALENKO, A. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF CHILDREN’S NUTRITION ORGANIZATION IN SCHOOLS." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 288, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2020-288-6-46.
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The management of general secondary education (ZZSO) seeks financial autonomy by identifying sources of additional income, including by providing catering services based on functioning food units, which necessitates improving the level of catering services that will meet competitive conditions. This need increases the relevance of compliance with the principles of marketing in the process of organizing ZSSO this type of activity to meet the needs of consumers, increase their loyalty and, consequently, increase the level of income from the organization of food. The need to determine the range of possibilities for the application of marketing approaches and the potential of the marketing mechanism, which can be done using the methods of economic and mathematical modeling, in particular cognitive and scenario modeling, is gaining relevance. Research of the potential of the marketing mechanism of children’s nutrition organization in general secondary education institutions. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were performed: formed cognitive maps and cognitive model of the system of potential development of the marketing mechanism of children’s nutrition in ZSSO, based on the implementation of scenario modeling of system behavior identified factors influencing the development of marketing mechanism. The method (methodology). Methodological and theoretical foundations of the study are economic theory, scientific developments of scientists in the organization of children’s nutrition in the system of general secondary education. The research used general scientific methods (abstract-logical, empirical, comparative analysis, averages, generalizations, etc.) and methods of cognitive and scenario modeling. The article presents the results of the analysis of the system of potential development of the marketing mechanism on the basis of cognitive and scenario modeling, which allowed to determine the levers and performance factors of the system. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that a good basis for building the potential of the marketing mechanism to improve the nutrition of school children is to focus on maximizing customer satisfaction and increasing their loyalty while creating the necessary conditions to increase production efficiency and sales in school canteens. supported by activities to promote the principles of nutrition among students ZSSO and society as a whole. To this end, it is advisable to increase the level of automation of production and service processes in canteens ZSSO, information and communication support, stimulate the welfare of key actors of the marketing mechanism by coordinating the interaction of stakeholders in ensuring proper nutrition of children in educational institutions.
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Amaldi, Paola, and Anthony Smoker. "An Organizational Study into the Concept of “Automation Policy” in a Safety Critical Socio-Technical System." International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development 5, no. 2 (April 2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jskd.2013040101.
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Although automation has been introduced in all areas of public life, what seems to be missing is a reflection at the organizational or societal level about a policy of automation. By this the authors intend appropriate declarations made at the level of rationale, future plans and strategies to achieve intended goals and most importantly how those achievements will impact on various aspects of societal life, from legal responsibilities to moral and socio economic issues. Implicit in this is what is expected of both the human and technical system actors. In some public spheres these issues are becoming quite controversial because automation opens up possibilities of profound structural re-organization; however, people lack a discussion across and within different work domains to help us review methods or even methodological principles needed to gather and organize knowledge towards the construction of automation policies. This paper uses the UK Air Navigation Service Provider in the Air Traffic Management Domain known as NATS, as a case study to illustrate an example of an organization currently undertaking critical self-reflection about automation policy or the lack of such, along with the illustration of some unresolved deep concerns raised by the development, introduction, and continued use of automation.
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Chen, Xiao Rong, and Wen Yang. "Large-Scale Intelligent Building Energy-Saving Measures Based on BA System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.144.
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With the rapid development of the intelligent building in China, Intelligent building energy consumption has become a social and economic development in a strategic issue that can not be ignored in our society. In this paper, we proposed the energy saving measures in central air conditioning and ventilation system and lighting system of large-scale intelligent building building automation (BA) system from four aspects.
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Bannò, Mariasole, Giorgia Maria D'Allura, Emilia Filippi, and Sandro Trento. "How do non-economic goals and priorities affect family firm’s propensity to innovate in automation? The role of ownership, board of director, young successor and generation." European Journal of Innovation Management 25, no. 6 (September 12, 2022): 961–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-02-2022-0069.
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PurposeThis study examines the propensity to innovate in automation of family firms (FFs) based on the socio-emotional wealth (SEW) perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis study’s analysis is based on three aspects. First, the authors consider three main non-economic goals and priorities of FFs: the family’s relationship with employees (read as to care for their satisfaction and well-being); the inner pride of building and maintaining the family and firm image and reputation; and the inner feeling to be socially responsible. Second, the authors consider how these goals and priorities vary among FFs according to four dimensions: family ownership, the presence of family members on the board of directors, the involvement of young successors, and the presence of founding and later generations. Finally, the consequences of automation are considered: lower firm employment, lower employees’ satisfaction and well-being, and higher firm productivity. The analysis is based on a sample of 4,150 Italian firms.FindingsThe analysis revealed that FFs are less prone to innovate in automation than non-FFs. Specifically, family ownership, the presence of family members on the board of directors, and the presence of founding generation are negatively associated with innovation in automation. Instead, the involvement of young successors and the presence of later generation are positively associated with innovation in automation.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first investigation that, based on SEW, examines how FFs act on the decision to innovate in automation, thereby providing empirical evidence.
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Malyar, V. I., and E. A. Aksenova. "IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON THE PROCESS OF AUTOMATION IN INSOLVENCY (BANKRUPTCY) CASES." Business Strategies 10, no. 3 (March 29, 2022): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2311-7184-2022-3-65-69.
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The last decade has been the most active time in the development of digital technologies, which has contributed to the emergence of such a concept as «digitalization». In the economic environment, this process is gaining momentum at all stages of the life cycle of business entities, including bankruptcy. The article considers the formation of the digitalization process and the impact of digital technologies on the optimization of insolvency (bankruptcy) cases in the Russian Federation. The main aspects of the work of already introduced technologies in this procedure are also studied.
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Mühlich, C., K. Lindow, J. Polte, and E. Uhlmann. "Flexible Automatisierung mit Virtuellen Agenten/Flexible Automation with Virtual Agents." wt Werkstattstechnik online 112, no. 07-08 (2022): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2022-07-08-30.
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Die Prozessautomatisierung hybrider Montagesysteme stellt Unternehmen vor die Herausforderung, Menschen und Maschinen in ein kollaboratives System unter Beachtung sozioökonomischer Aspekte zu integrieren. Die Übertragung von biologischen Prinzipien auf die Gestaltung von Produktionsprozessen ermöglicht in Kombination mit Industrie 4.0 die Entwicklung selbstorganisierender Systeme. Davon inspiriert wird das Konzept einer Plattformlösung für die flexible Automatisierung vorgestellt, um Expertenwissen zur Produktivitätssteigerung gezielt einzusetzen. The process automation of hybrid assembly systems presents companies with the challenge of integrating people and machines into a collaborative system while taking socio-economic aspects into account. The transfer of biological principles to the design of production processes, in combination with Industry 4.0, enables the development of self-organizing systems. Inspired by this, a decentralized platform solution for flexible automation is presented in order to use human skills to increase productivity in a targeted manner.
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Kulov, Aslan, and Irina Velikanova. "Some economic aspects of forming a machine system in flax industry." Agrarian Bulletin of the 196, no. 5 (May 27, 2020): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2020-196-5-93-102.
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Abstract. The main goal of our research is to consider the main economic factors that prevent the introduction of advanced technologies and to justify the need to change the state's approaches to supporting investment processes for the formation of advanced machine systems in flax industry, including on the basis of automation and digitalization of process management. Methods. In the work, based on the using of a wide range of analytical methods for studying economic phenomena in the flax growing industry, the using of computational-constructive and abstract-logical methods, using computational-constructive and abstract-logical methods, system analysis, recommendations were developed for the implementation of state support measures focused primarily on the complex system of machines in agriculture, independently of the financial and economic condition of economic entities. Results. The article shows that the complex mechanization of flax production is hindered both by the remaining insufficient level of financial and economic opportunities of commodity producers, and by the imperfection of state support. According to the analysis of data from the electronic information-analytical system testfirm.ru, it was revealed that only 34 % of the flax producers examined in 2018 were profitable, whose revenue exceeded 10 million rubles. It was revealed that the limited ability to update the main links and elements of the machine system leads to significant economic losses during the cultivation of flax, due to non-compliance with the execution of technological operations in the optimal time. Scientific novelty. The article presents the idea of the need, based on the recommendations of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and the Russian Center for Agricultural Consulting on the formation and use of specialized resource-saving technologies for cultivating flax for fiber and seeds, to expand the scope of government support measures for flax-growing farms not only to financially sustainable enterprises. The article substantiates the general need for investments for the use of advanced machine systems in the combined technology of cultivation, harvesting and primary processing of flax in the amount of more than 114 million rubles per 1000 hectares of sown area of flax.
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Radko, V. "Economic aspects of energy efficiency in Ukrainian agricultural enterprises` dairy farming." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 1 (148) (May 30, 2019): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2019-148-1-65-75.
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It was established that material and technical support of milk production process in agricultural enterprises is an important reserve for increasing economic stability on the basis of creation of high-tech and energy-efficient production management system. The directions of innovative provision of technological processes in dairy farming are outlined: forage conservation; keeping and feeding animals; creation of farms with waste heat utilization, mechanized feeding, milking, waste management (robotic farms); computerization of milk production accounting processes and the prediction of the genetic value of animals; milk quality control by means of electronic means for testing of fat and protein content in milk; systems of cooling and milk storage. It has been proved that energy expenditure in dairy farming depends on a large number of factors, in particular the methods of keeping farm animals and their productivity, the level of mechanization and automation of technological processes on the farm, etc. It is established that in determining the energy costs, energy expenditure is taken into account only for individual, often final, technological operations, resulting in an assessment of the efficiency of milk production that is incomplete, which does not allow to objectively determine the efficiency of technological solutions. Summarizing the aforementioned, it will be grounded that the reduction of energy consumption in the milk production is possible not only on the basis of technical re-equipment of equipment, reconstruction and replacement on the new, but also due to the formation of rational consumer behavior and the development of a sound management policy for the use of energy resources at all stages of production dairy products. It is proposed to create at the agricultural enterprises an appropriate unit for ensuring energy efficiency and the appointment of a manager. Moreover, the responsibility of the manager should be clearly regulated and controlled by the business owners to fulfill all the requirements of energy saving, which should result in the reduction of energy consumption. It is proved that the reduction of energy consumption for milk production is achieved on the basis of providing the microclimate by utilizing the heat that is in the air and is removed from the premises. Key words: dairy farming, agricultural enterprise, energy efficiency, energy resources, energy management.
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Maslak, Olga, Natalya Grishko, Yaroslava Yakovenko, Mariya Maslak, and Anna Savielova. "ФОРМУВАННЯ СЦЕНАРІЇВ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛІЗАЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ БУДІВЕЛЬНОЇ ІНДУСТРІЇ: АСПЕКТИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ." Economical 2, no. 26 (2022): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/1680-0044-2022-2(26)-5-15.
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Purpose. Justification of the intellectualization scenarios of the construction industry development and target orientations in preserving the state of economic security. Methodology. To achieve the goal, analytical studies were performed using the methods of statistical and functional analysis, comparison, graphic method Causal Loop Diagram (CLD), and scenario approach. Results. Attention is focused on topical issues of intellectualization of the development of the construction industry. It was claimed that in the conditions of the post-war Ukraine reconstruction, the restoration of industrial and social importance objects, which were destroyed and damaged as a result of military aggression, there is a need for the latest drivers of the construction industry potential growth, the formation of scenarios for its development, considering innovation and complex intellectualization of the primary and auxiliary processes. The prerequisites for making a qualitative jump in a short period, considering the preservation of the economic security parameters of the industry, have been studied. It has been found that global economic trends and priorities of the development of industrial production aim researchers and practitioners at the formation of intellectualization scenarios of the construction industry development, considering the main principles of its design: functional compatibility, virtualization, modularity, and digitization of processes while ensuring a rational level of economic security. Attention is focused on the formation of development scenarios in unstable external economic environment conditions involves the determination of cause-and-effect relationships of influencing factors, the development of alternatives for internal adaptation, and the establishment of ties with the external environment. It has been proven that one should consider the dual nature of the impact of innovative activity on the state of economic security of economic entities: on the one hand, as an objective and indisputable condition for progressive changes, and on the other - a zone of growth of external and internal threats. Scientific novelty. Based on the analysis of feedback diagrams (Causal Loop Diagram (CLD)) of the system "Intellectualization of development - safety" components of the construction industry, intellectualization scenarios of the construction industry development, considering the aspects of economic security are presented. Practical significance. The study results form a scientific and practical basis for a successful shift in priorities towards the innovative transformation of the construction industry with the involvement of leading technologies, automation and robotization of the primary and auxiliary construction processes, and an increase in intellectual capital
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Koval, Svitlana, Svitlana Skrypnyk, and Inesa Shepel. "Conceptual principles of automation of accounting for work and salaries of employees of agricultural enterprises." University Economic Bulletin, no. 55 (December 29, 2022): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2022-55-47-53.
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The subject of the study is the theoretical and practical aspects of automating labor and salary accounting in agricultural enterprises. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the conceptual foundations of automating the accounting of labor and wages of employees of agricultural enterprises, to identify differences in its directions and to evaluate competitive advantages and results for the needs and improvement of management. The methodological basis of the article was dialectical, historical, monographic, system-structural analysis and synthesis; economic comparisons; special methods of accounting. Results of the article. It was determined that the automation of accounting for labor and wages of employees of agricultural enterprises provides them with significant competitive advantages of development and management efficiency due to simplification, acceleration, objectivity and high quality of accounting; significant cost savings for its implementation; availability for management and owners. At the same time, three conceptual approaches to automation with corresponding software products, spheres and tools of their influence, and expected results are substantiated. This is the automation of the accounting of typical calculations and payments with integration into the general information system of the enterprise; automation of the accountant's workplace; combined with a combination of the first two. Their comparison is made and advantages and disadvantages, perspectives of use are shown. Field of application of results. The obtained results can be used in the work of accounting offices of enterprises, in the scientific and educational process of agrarian universities. Conclusions. In order to increase the efficiency of managing the development of agricultural enterprises on the basis of the automation of labor accounting and employee salaries, it is important to implement the latest software products for its support. In particular, we may be talking about a more improved version of the program "1C: Salary and Personnel Management 8.3". This version is very productive for both accounting specialists and PH-management of enterprises, because it provides: definition, assessment, diagnosis, forecasting and planning of personnel needs; management of attestation, training and financial motivation of employees; effective planning of employment of employees from an overview on the seasonality of agricultural work; personnel record keeping and personnel analysis; maintaining staffing in agricultural enterprises. Another large set of advantages concerns the automation of calculations provided by the named advanced version of the program. We are talking about the automation of employee salary calculations; taxes regulated by legislation, withholdings from wages and accruals to the wage fund; accruals and deductions according to any algorithms; display of accrued wages and taxes as part of enterprise expenses. It is also management of cash settlements with employees, including depositing; formation of settlement sheets of any kind; formation of payment information with the arrangement of information according to various criteria by dividing it by categories of employees, types of work, divisions and other features; calculation of sick leaves, vacations, premiums, bonuses and incentives.
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Solovyova, Svetlana V. "Ethical regulation of economic relations: agenda change and values correction." Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya 21, no. 7-8 (December 15, 2021): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.55531/2072-2354.2021.21.4.54-63.
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The article deals with the current situation in the field of ethical regulation of economic relations. The author shows that interest in the ethical regulation of the economy increases during the transitional historical periods, which are characterized by a fundamental transformation of all aspects of societys life, both the formation of capitalism and the formation of Industry 4.0. The idea of replenishing ethical standards in the field of professional labor activity is substantiated on the open data of sociological research, the theoretical separation of market and ethical thinking, the contraction of the sphere of pure ethical regulation (М. Sandel). It is expressed in the transition from the recognition ethics to the trust ethics, the latter goes beyond the boundaries of interpersonal relations, forming a culture of institutional trust. Modern practices of ethical codification of companies activities are greatly influenced by the problems of the value dimension of digitalization, automation, artificial intelligence, green economy, inclusion in the business culture of organizations.
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Syed-Khaja, Aarief, Christopher Kaestle, Martin Mueller, and Jörg Franke. "A Comprehensive Study on the Automation Potentials and Complexities of Advanced and Alternative Die-Attach Technologies for Power Electronic Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 794 (October 2015): 320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.794.320.
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The field of power electronics packaging presents intricate and interdisciplinary challenges. System costs, reliability and performance are strongly determined by various aspects such as mechanical design, materials, thermal management and interconnect technologies. The overall costs of the product depend mainly on the complete process chain in the module development. Automation as well plays an important role and facilitates higher production rates, efficient use of materials, better product quality, and reduced factory lead times. This paper focuses on emerging interconnection technologies of bonding semiconductor components to power electronic substrates like diffusion soldering, conductive adhesive bonding and reactive multi-layer bonding. An overview on the automation potentials and complexities in individual technologies for the manufacturing of reliable and cost-effective power modules is given and discussed. Thus, a basis is created for choosing optimal die-attach technology depending on economic and technologic demand by comparing the state-of-the-art and advanced technologies.
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Belgiu, George, Constantin Cărăușu, Ionut-Adrian Iftode, and Alexandra Duroi. "Some aspects regarding the selection of industrial robots in manufacturing or assembly processes." International Journal of Manufacturing Economics and Management 2, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54684/ijmem.2022.2.1.6.
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The current period involves a short product life, associated with frequent changes in the product range. In order to cope with the new world economic conditions, a high degree of automation of production and assembly processes is required. As a result, industrial robots must also meet a new level of flexibility and versatility. It is now clear that it is very important to evaluate the performance as well as the safety characteristics, but especially the compatibility with the existing production system, as well as the compatibility with the possible evolution of the production system or even the substantial modification of the tasks of the industrial robot in a new production system, totally modified from the previous one. This requires the formulation of evaluation methods with relevant design metrics and quantitative methods based on simulations, which can support the mechanical designer of the robot, but especially the production system manager, to correlate the load-based performance characteristics, compatibility and safety of the industrial robot, taking into account the wide variety of possible solutions.
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Koval, Svetlana. "Automation of agricultural enterprises accounting on the basis of new software products and models implementation." University Economic Bulletin, no. 42 (June 19, 2019): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-42-12-18.
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The subject of the study is theoretical and practical aspects of automation of accounting in agrarian and other enterprises of the country through the introduction of innovative software products and models. Among them there are information reference systems, automated accounting registers, simulation financial models, etc. The purpose of the work is to identify the factors and justification of innovative tools (software products, models, systems, etc.) and mechanisms (structuring information, accounting, etc.) for the automation of accounting of agrarian enterprises. The methodological basis of the article was the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists and legal acts on accounting issues, their organization and order, and the introduction of information technology in its implementation. The methodological basis of the research was the general scientific methods of economics, including such as historical, structural analysis and synthesis, monographic, comparative analysis, as well as special accounting methods and software products. Results of work. The article reveals the scientific and practical principles of automation of accounting on the basis of its software in agrarian enterprises and organizations of Ukraine. Its implementation will help to improve their management, increase financial and economic stability, efficiency and competitiveness of the activity. The prospects for the introduction of new information technologies based on modern software products are grounded. The field of application of results. Conclusions and results of the article can be used in the educational-scientific process of the economic faculties of higher educational institutions. It is expedient to transfer them for practical use in accounting services or departments of agrarian enterprises, for their management in order to improve their activities, implement pricing, tax administration, increase financial and economic stability, etc. Conclusions. The use of an innovative technical and technological basis can significantly accelerate the accounting work by replacing numerous routine operations, processing them in the framework of software products. The accounting system needs organizational and technological structuring in the automation process by distinguishing the business processes of the enterprise and the interconnections between them. Their analysis gives a clear picture of what and how to be taken into account in order to obtain accurate and adequate information. Built in this way, the format of credentials serves as the basis for technical processing within the framework of modern software products. The organizational and technical measures defined in the article - the stages of implementation of automated control systems - are necessary for the successful conduct of the process and the conformity of the result with recognized quality standards. The rationale for the selection and implementation of the considered stages in the process of creating a unified information system of enterprise activity is the numerous theoretical substantiation and practical data obtained as a result of research and analysis of implementation examples.
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Onwubiko, Cyril. "CyberOps: Situational Awareness in Cybersecurity Operations." International Journal on Cyber Situational Awareness 5, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 82–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22619/ijcsa.2020.100134.
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Cybersecurity operations (CyberOps) is the use and application of cybersecurity capabilities to a domain, department, organisation or nation. It is fundamentally to protect digital investments, contribute to national economic wellbeing by providing a safe, secure and conducive environment to conduct business and to protect a nation’s critical national infrastructures and citizens welfare. In this paper, we investigate operational factors that influence situational awareness of CyberOps, specifically, the features that deals with understanding and comprehension of operational and human factors aspects and that helps with insights on human operator decision making (e.g., cognition, teamwork, knowledge, skills and abilities). The operational factors discussed in this paper range from tools, techniques, integration, architecture to automation, cognition, people, policy, process and procedures.
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van Gennip, Jos J. "A Christian social answer to globalisation." European View 17, no. 1 (March 20, 2018): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1781685818765094.
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This article discusses whether Christian social thinking is obsolete in the age of globalisation or whether it continues to provide answers to the challenges of the modern world. Some people believe that the heydays of a Christian social alternative to capitalism or to state socialism are over following its successes in the middle of the twentieth century. Social protection and the emancipation of the working class have been achieved, and the distribution of wealth and income has reached a fair level throughout Europe. This article rejects this view and argues that Christian social thinking and its translation into political positions do not belong exclusively to a specific socio-economic phase of history or to a specific socio-economic system. The article also provides Christian social remedies for five aspects of globalisation: financialisation, the distribution of the fruits of globalisation, automation, control mechanisms and environmental protection.
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Saniawa, Dionizy, Eryk Ostapiuk, Kamil Hebda, and Agata Bandrowska-Kaim. "Possibility of application hybrid solutions for improving SAIDI coefficient in medium voltage lines." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 1129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.564.
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The purpose of this work is to analyze the indicator of the duration of interruptions in the supply of electricity SAIDI (System Average Interupption Duration Index) given by power distribution operators (DSOs). The topic is so important for the Polish economy that it can be treated as a social problem that can not only reduce the quality of life, but also the economic development of small towns and villages where power outages are much longer than in cities. However, at the same time investment activities aimed at improving the quality of electricity distribution in Poland represent a very high chance for the development of new innovative technologies. The article presents not only related aspects with medium voltage network automation, but also due to their technical and economic capabilities, modern devices. The key in the article is the effective solution to the problem of reliability in Poland and the presentation of selected directions of investment.
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Kitovich Tkhakushinov, Edward, and Emma Aslanovna Hachemizova. "Determining A Technology for Development of the Mechanism of Anti-Crisis Management of the Agro-Industrial Complex." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.14 (July 25, 2018): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14.17037.
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This article is devoted to effective management of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) in the context of crises, the impact of which on the economic efficiency of AIC subjects was made on various aspects of economic activity. A variety of factors, from a sharp change in the level of inflation to a change in energy prices and demand for agricultural products, have determined the need for a timely response of AIC subjects, as well as the adaptation of the system and management methods to the sharply changing environmental conditions.The structural and logical scheme is proposed, which will allow structuring the general process of crisis management and determining its main functions and monitoring tasks.The structure and the system for calculating the alternatives for the development of crisis situations are complex and cover all elements of the regional AIC. Moreover, they are based on a combination of technical and software tools, implementing automation ideas and methods based on modern mathematical tools.
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Jongebreur, A. A., and L. Speelman. "Future trends in agricultural engineering." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 45, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v45i1.522.
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Beside traditional mechanical engineering, other engineering branches such as electronics, control engineering and physics play their specific role within the agricultural engineering field. Agricultural engineering has affected and stimulated major changes in agriculture. In the last decades agricultural engineering has also focused on environmental aspects. Nowadays knowledge and expertise generated in several agricultural and environmental engineering fields must be integrated with expertise of biological and socio-economic sciences. In the evolution towards sustainable agricultural systems important contributions can be made. The re-design of production systems and their technology can help to achieve ecologically sound and economically viable agriculture and its acceptance in the community. Mechanization and automation, structures and environment, labour and management, and energy and water are discussed.
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Mehnert, Jan, Dirk Reiß, Stefan Plesser, and Matthias Hannen. "An algorithmic module toolkit to support quality management for building performance." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911105002.
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Data from building automation systems is so far used for the operation of building systems and components only. The following work shows how this data can be used to enhance the building’s performance by strategically detecting potential sources for building optimization. With this method, faults and optimization potentials of the building operation can be detected; thus, the quality gap regarding efficiency and comfort aspects between design and operation can then be reduced. Furthermore, the intelligent use of data enables the realization of economic savings to support facility management with regards to increasingly complex HVAC systems. Effective quality management – rapid, transparent and cost effective – is carried out with the aid of digital methods, which are already state of the art in other industries.
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Paredes, Carlos M., Andrés F. Bayona, Diego Martínez, Alfons Crespo, Apolinar González, and José Simo. "Approach to an Emulation Model to Evaluate the Behavior and Impact of Microgrids in Isolated Communities." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 5316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175316.
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In microgrid projects, social ownership involves aspects beyond their operation that may compromise the sustainability of the system. For this reason, the development of analysis methods to assess the feasibility and impact during the design stages of these solutions is of growing interest. Recent studies have proposed methods that allow an individual analysis of technological components and social behaviors. However, a complete evaluation of the performance and the impact of these projects should allow the simultaneous evaluation of the behavior of these subsystems, allowing the analysis of their interactions and effects in a dynamic way. Accordingly, this paper presents simulation and emulation models to evaluate the impact of a microgrid in isolated communities. These models contemplate sublevels that consider the energetic, automation and computational aspects in the microgrids and a multi-agent system (MAS) that is used to study the environmental and economic impact of the microgrid through the evolution of certain indicators. The socio-technological interdependence in the operation of the isolated microgrid is analyzed through the integration of the microgrid emulation platform with the MAS. Our approach includes a comprehensive study of the performance of these projects in specific communities, in order to contribute to the design and implementation, considering the technological, economic, environmental, and social impacts.
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Prokopchuk, E. T., Y. V. Ulianych, S. A. Ptashnyk, and N. V. Butko. "Key Aspects of Online Insurance." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, no. 97 (December 28, 2020): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2020-97-2-64-74.
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In the conditions of virtualization of economic relations, the subjects of the insurance market can not stay away from these processes, so in order to improve the quality and level of availability of insurance services it is necessary to spread internet technologies in insurance. The main incentive for the introduction of Internet services by insurance companies is the need to reduce costs, expanding the geography of activities, ensuring diversification of risks. No less important factors are simplicity and comfort of on-line purchase of insurance product. The Ukrainian insurance market is at the stage of development and formation, having a number of problems and uncertainties. Therefore, its further information and technological development should receive priority in the economic and social aspects of government policy, taking into account its European integration guidelines. The article deals with the concept of Internet insurance. It is established that the approaches of scientists to the disclosure of the content of the concept of "Internet insurance" have differences. However, they converge on the definition of the Internet insurance as a process of interaction between the insurance representative and the insurer, connected with the provision of insurance services by the insurer, their service, performance of insurance payments in case of occurrence of an insured event due to the use of Internet technologies. The main advantages and disadvantages of online insurance are presented. The list of main advantages includes: simplification of the insurance process, efficiency of registration, simplicity and universality of payment methods, minimization of "human" factor, automation of calculation of the sum insured and tariffs with the help of insurance multicalculator. The list of main drawbacks includes: a much smaller number of insurance products are placed on the Internet sites of insurance companies for sale, the need for the client to understand the nuances and subtleties of working with the site of the insurer, set certain options for insurance amounts, which the client can not change. The stages of obtaining the insurance service through the Internet system have been considered, the offer of services by insurance companies of Ukraine "in live" and "on-line" and innovations on the Internet insurance market of Ukraine have been analyzed, the main spectrum of Internet services providing insurance companies in the Internet has been investigated, the number of insurance companies for the last years has been considered in dynamics. For the further development of Internet insurance it is necessary to improve the legal framework on this issue; it is necessary that the sites of insurance companies contain sufficient information content and for the customers a number of opportunities: obtaining true information about the activities of the insurance company and its services; calculation of the cost of the insurance policy with the help of online calculator; filling in an application for insurance; in case of an insured event, the implementation of remote payment of the insurance policy and insurance payments; delivery of the insurance policy to the customers; and delivery of the insurance policy to the customers.
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Cseh, Balázs, and József Varga. "Taxation and Humans in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution – Financial and Ethical Comments." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, European and Regional Studies 17, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auseur-2020-0005.
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Abstract In our study, we focused on the fourth industrial revolution, which is the revolution of machines at the same time and which affects the world of worthy human work significantly. Let us examine the reasons behind the machine wrecking in the modern era and the technophobia, the negative and positive outcomes of additional spare time, and the state of unemployment. We touch upon the historical antecedents of modern machine wrecking and its present situation. We briefly draw possible alternatives as regards the subthemes. In this study, ethics is ascribed a focal attention since we approach the trends that affect the world of work and have an economic significance in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. We examine the process of Industry 4.0, which has led to a significant transformation of production processes from the aspect of taxation – for example, how the automation of the production processes influences the transformation of the tax system, where humanity is in the changing financial world, or which aspects of the tax system change in the age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
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Miroshin, D. G., and O. A. Rychagova. "THE APPLICATION OF FLEXIBLE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE PRODUCTION DIVERSIFICATION PROGRAM." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 281 (August 2020): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2020.08.pp.038-043.
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The problems of diversification of production in a market economics are discussed in this article. The method of organizing machine-building production in the conditions of expanding the range of products of the enterprise is confirmed in the article. The production structure of the machine-building enterprise and methods of manufacturing organization: the process organization and the product organization, which are typical for the machine-building production automation system, are analyzed in the article. The process and result of developing a flexible manufacturing system, that is used to diversify production, its structure, main equipment, and transport system are described in the article. The structural scheme of the organization of a flexible production cell in the structure of a manufacturing system is given. The applied technological equipment, devices, systems and the process of its functioning are described. Technological capabilities of the equipment and transport system from a perspective of production diversification are given. The economic aspects and indicators of flexible manufacturing cells in a growing range of products under diversification are considered in the article.
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Miroshin, D. G., and O. A. Rychagova. "THE APPLICATION OF FLEXIBLE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE PRODUCTION DIVERSIFICATION PROGRAM." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 281 (August 2020): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2020.08.pp.038-043.
Full textAbstract:
The problems of diversification of production in a market economics are discussed in this article. The method of organizing machine-building production in the conditions of expanding the range of products of the enterprise is confirmed in the article. The production structure of the machine-building enterprise and methods of manufacturing organization: the process organization and the product organization, which are typical for the machine-building production automation system, are analyzed in the article. The process and result of developing a flexible manufacturing system, that is used to diversify production, its structure, main equipment, and transport system are described in the article. The structural scheme of the organization of a flexible production cell in the structure of a manufacturing system is given. The applied technological equipment, devices, systems and the process of its functioning are described. Technological capabilities of the equipment and transport system from a perspective of production diversification are given. The economic aspects and indicators of flexible manufacturing cells in a growing range of products under diversification are considered in the article.
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Migliozzi, Daniel, and Thomas Guibentif. "Assessing the Potential Deployment of Biosensors for Point-of-Care Diagnostics in Developing Countries: Technological, Economic and Regulatory Aspects." Biosensors 8, no. 4 (November 29, 2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios8040119.
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Infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance are major burdens in developing countries, where very specific conditions impede the deployment of established medical infrastructures. Since biosensing devices are nowadays very common in developed countries, particularly in the field of diagnostics, they are at a stage of maturity at which other potential outcomes can be explored, especially on their possibilities for multiplexing and automation to reduce the time-to-results. However, the translation is far from being trivial. In order to understand the factors and barriers that can facilitate or hinder the application of biosensors in resource-limited settings, we analyze the context from several angles. First, the technology of the devices themselves has to be rethought to take into account the specific needs and the available means of these countries. For this, we describe the partition of a biosensor into its functional shells, which define the information flow from the analyte to the end-user, and by following this partition we assess the strengths and weaknesses of biosensing devices in view of their specific technological development and challenging deployment in low-resource environments. Then, we discuss the problem of cost reduction by pointing out transversal factors, such as throughput and cost of mistreatment, that need to be re-considered when analyzing the cost-effectiveness of biosensing devices. Beyond the technical landscape, the compliance with regulations is also a major aspect that is described with its link to the validation of the devices and to the acceptance from the local medical personnel. Finally, to learn from a successful case, we analyze a breakthrough inexpensive biosensor that is showing high potential with respect to many of the described aspects. We conclude by mentioning both some transversal benefits of deploying biosensors in developing countries, and the key factors that can drive such applications.
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Wang, Hong Min, and Xiao Li San. "Research on Functional Structure and Database Platform for Enterprise OA System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 3308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.3308.
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Enterprise applications office automation system can reduce the burden on staff, improve quality, and promote standardized management, improve the management level, thus promoting informatization construction. This paper launches the research in view of the difficult problems of enterprise OA construction. Firstly, it basics on the construction goal, function structure was studied by the personal office, administrative management, official document system, public information, administrative examination and approval, auxiliary office, system management seven big modules; then, research database platform, through a list of ways describes a list of design components, logic, and so on, Domino database component consisting of access control. Contents of this paper, for improving the level of enterprise information, improve office efficiency and achieve economic aspects of business by leaps and bounds and so will play a positive role in promoting.
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Aurélio de Araujo, Marcos, Jorge Javier Gimenez Ledesma, and Oswaldo Hideo Ando Júnior. "Methodology to rehabilitate hydroelectric power plants." DYNA 89, no. 223 (September 22, 2022): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v89n223.101291.
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Repowering the Brazilian hydroelectric park is a way to expand the use of energy from hydro sources, even in a scenario where the options to build new projects are increasingly restricted. Several technical and economic aspects must be considered when evaluating the feasibility to carry out a repowering process, where indicators are considered to choose the best option. The repowering suggests the addition of assured energy, however, electromechanical equipment improvement may occur simultaneously with automation systems. Sizing is generally precise for a hydropower plant and there is no need for repowering so that the project can increase its useful life, consequently, rehabilitation is recommended. This paper shows a methodology to evaluate intervention alternatives in a project, as well as a rehabilitation case study for the Marimbondo Hydroelectric Power Plant
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Maslov, Gleb. "Scientific-technological progress and the advantages of socialism: the evolution of Soviet economic thought." Moscow University Economics Bulletin, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 20–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105202132.
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The article examines the development of Soviet economists' views on the scientific-technological progress consequences, the advantages of socialism associated with it, as well as the prospects for building the material-technical basis of communism. The author identifies four stages in the evolution of approaches to these problems. At the first stage, prior to the XXII CPSU Congress in 1961, as the scientific-technical revolution took shape, the emerging ideas had not yet been formalized into a single theoretical system. At the second stage, which took place in the first years after the XXII Congress, the key points were established and developed into widely recognized conceptions. Special attention was paid to automation, chemicalization, development of new types of energy. In the late 1960s - early 1980s maintaining the previous theoretical foundations, more attention was paid to local aspects. At the final stage, with the beginning of perestroika, a number of key provisions were revised. These included recognition of a greater importance of the second industrial revolution, highlighting the leap in the development of microelectronics in the 1970s (later called the information revolution), etc. Changes in research approaches at different stages are associated with economic practice, successes and difficulties in introducing elements of the scientific-technological revolution into production.
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Samoilescu, Gheorghe, Dumitru Iorgulescu, Robert Mitrea, and Laura D. Cizer. "Analysis of Steering Gear Under the Requirements of Modern Navigation." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 24, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2018-0139.
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Abstract This paper presents aspects of the steering gear onboard a merchant ship by analyzing aft and bow systems based on automation and use of modern propulsion. The choice of the transverse propeller is based on several economic considerations (its price, consumption, efficiency, etc.), technical considerations (positioning, size, vibrations induced in the ship’s hull), and maneuverability considerations (the ship’s turning rate under the action of the propeller. Accordingly, the propulsion system can come in various sizes, power values, shapes of the tunnel, and can present fixed or variable pitch propellers. Depending on the maneuverability of the ship, the transverse propulsion is analyzed by taking into account two tests: the turning of the transverse propulsion system test in calm and windy weather, and the steering test. The automation system is designed to control and monitor the on-board operational systems and equipment, and it encompasses a wide range of control, monitor and alarm. The integrated navigational equipment includes the following sub-systems: navigation consoles, ship handling consoles, dynamic positioning consoles, anchoring and deck operations consoles, and propulsion system control consoles. The propulsion control system is especially dedicated to the propeller and thruster control system, resulting in a joint control system, and the cables are reduced in number since the communication lines are used in series. The mandatory condition for successfully solving the problem with the complex automation of naval installations and equipment is the construction of complex automatic control systems (ACS), consisting of: automated commands or remote controls, a system of collecting, processing and displaying information, as well as a system of control, fault detection and diagnosis
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Ajmal, Mian M., Mehmood Khan, and Muhammad Kashif Shad. "The global economic cost of coronavirus pandemic: current and future implications." Public Administration and Policy 24, no. 3 (November 12, 2021): 290–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pap-10-2021-0054.
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PurposeThe global economy is plagued by an unprecedented shock that has devastated economic growth under the coronavirus pandemic. The prolonged movement control orders, social distancing, and lockdowns have triggered the global economic downturn, disrupted the demand and supply chains, reduced the pool of workforce, and caused many jobs loss. This paper aims to analyze the global economic cost of the coronavirus pandemic, and its current and future implications.Design/methodology/approachBased on contingency theory, this paper provides an in-depth analysis of the current situation on the global economic cost of the COVID-19 outbreak and gives insights from an organizational perspective.FindingsThis paper found that the world has witnessed far-ranging economic consequences due to the coronavirus pandemic in four aspects: (i) decline in personal consumption; (ii) decline in the investments and stock prices in capital market; (iii) decline in government spending in developmental projects and increase in new borrowing; and (iv) decline of exports of goods to international markets.Originality/valueThe novelty lies in investigating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on micro and macroeconomic levels — the components of GDP, consumer behavior, business investments, government spending, and global exports. The paper suggests the need for urgent actions by the world leaders to oversee, anticipate, and manage the risks and cushion the economic consequences. It concludes that the flexibility and adaptability of leaders, effectiveness, workforce protection, efficient use of modern technology, including automation and artificial intelligence, would enhance the resilience of supply chains which will support organizations to sustain in this critical time.
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Lee, Yun-Hsuan, Li-Ling Kao, Wen-Hsiang Liu, and Jen-Te Pai. "A Study on the Economic Resilience of Industrial Parks." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 30, 2023): 2462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032462.
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The development of globalization has brought about obvious differences in the resilience of different regions against economic crises. Regional economic resilience refers to the ability of a region’s economy to resist shocks when faced with external disturbances or to break away from its existing growth model in favor of a better path, Resilience represents the region’s adaptability, innovation, and sustainability. This paper describes an empirical analysis on the 60 designated industrial park developments under the Industrial Development Bureau in Taiwan. Over a period of short-term disturbances, the industrial parks are analyzed from four aspects: industrial structure, regional development foundation, enterprise competitiveness and labor conditions, and government governance and policy systems. Through discriminant analysis, we analyze the characteristics of factors that mainly affect the economic resilience of 60 industrial parks faced with shocks such as the subprime mortgage crisis in 2008, the five-day work week in 2016, and the COVID-19 outbreak in 2019. We found that industrial structure, specifically diversified industrial structure, is the major factor behind enhanced regional economic resilience. If the scale of specialized industries is large enough, they can form sufficient capacity to resist external changes and also be economically resilient. Under the negative impact, the amount of innovation can be an important part of post-disaster recovery, and stable innovation input will become a main factor for the sustainable development of industrial parks. The pressure of the uncertainty of global economic development and the transformation and upgrading of the domestic economy underscore that enterprises urgently need automation and digital transformation to enhance their competitiveness. In order to enhance economic resilience to adapt to changes in the overall environment, the industrial parks need to adjust adaptively, improve their industrial structure, and promote innovation, hoping that the regional economy will move towards a more stable and sustainable development path.
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Frolov, I. E., and E. A. Asakura. "Applying GARTNER QUADRANT FOR selecting MULTIFUNCTIONAL AUTOMATION SYSTEM for CERTIFICATION BODY Activities." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 22, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2018-22-1-125-132.
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Currently, informatization support of technological processes and production is a tool that allows improving the set of metrics and performance indicators for the implementation of all groups of business processes. The choice of the approach for the assessment of the advantages of the software spectrum offered on the market plays an important role in the decision-making concerning implementation of the necessary software product. Investments in project solutions for enterprise business processes automation will have a low return in case of selecting commercially inefffective automated platform. Positive economic effects can also be destroyed due to high resource consumption and a long-term payback period. Therefore, in order to make a decision concerning integration system, it is important to select the correct assessment methodology, which would take into account all the main aspects of the reengineering object domain. This work is devoted to the approach to analyzing the segment of systems that have a multifunctional nature, in particular, which make it possible to simultaneously automate the service of providing the flows of documents and customer relationship management (CRM), which, as a rule, are interrelated and complementary. There is a need for such software products for business entities operating in the services sector, including those engaged in commercial certification activities. The difficulty in analyzing this segment of activities is caused by the fact that the Russian market of information and communication technologies offers the systems of modular configuration that are delivered separately, without full functional capabilities. Nevertheless, the proposed technique gives the possibility to make a correct decision on the existence of the class of systems corresponding to certain requirements or, in case of its absence, to consider the option of developing software from scratch.
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Ning, Xin, Tong Liu, Chunlin Wu, and Chao Wang. "3D Printing in Construction: Current Status, Implementation Hindrances, and Development Agenda." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (April 5, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6665333.
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3D printing (3DP) is regarded as an innovation that contributes to automation in civil engineering and offers benefits in design, greenness, and efficiency. It is necessary to objectively analyze the current status and challenges associated with 3DP and identify future research directions to properly understand its construction applications. Previous research has focused more on the technical dimension of 3DP; however, the nontechnical dimension of the technology may hinder its implementation and thus must be paid particular attention to. This study presents a systematic review of the existing literature from both technical and nontechnical dimensions by combining quantitative and qualitative studies. The quantitative study was conducted using scientometric methods. The qualitative study analyzed information, including the technical research status and nontechnical challenges and trends. Two aspects of technical research status are presented, including materials and processes. In addition, nontechnical challenges and trends from the economic, environmental, social, and legislative aspects are proposed. This study provides a comprehensive agenda to advance 3DP in construction and proposes research interests, challenges, and future topics. It is intended to help construction practitioners systematically master existing processes and materials and assess the application degree and necessity of 3DP.
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SHEVCHENKO, Liubov, and Valeriia MULIAVA. "The essence of production stocks, accounting problems and directions for its improvement at the enterprise." Economics. Finances. Law 11/1, no. - (November 18, 2022): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2022.11(1).3.
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Production stocks are the subject of labor, which, together with the means of labor, provide the production process of the enterprise where they are used. This topic is relevant, because in the conditions of a market economy, production stocks are an important element of the activity of any enterprise, therefore, their appropriate use in production becomes important. All this leads to the need to study the modern features of the organization of inventory accounting at enterprises in order to achieve more effective results. The paper substantiates the theoretical and methodological aspects of accounting for production stocks at enterprises, examines their economic essence and the main regulatory documents regulating the order of their display in accounting. The importance of effective use of materials in production and proposed actions contributing to the improvement and increase in the efficiency of accounting for production stocks are outlined. The problems that arise with the existing procedure for keeping records of production stocks at the enterprise, which are related to ensuring the efficiency of the enterprise's financial and economic activities, are identified. Such problems as: insufficient automation of the primary accounting of production stocks or the problem of determining the valuation of stocks on the balance sheet date. The following actions were proposed to solve these and other problems in order to improve the quality of accounting at the enterprise: the creation of a nationwide database regarding average market prices for various types of assets; carrying out an internal inspection at the enterprise with the involvement of qualified specialists; the use of automation of calculations for planning, accounting and analysis of the use of material resources. Also, improvements were proposed regarding inventory accounting, which will increase their efficiency and effectiveness of their use at the enterprise. It can be concluded that the improvements mentioned above will increase the efficiency of inventory accounting at the enterprise and improve its effectiveness in financial and economic activity.
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Suchacka, Małgorzata, Rafał Muster, and Mariusz Wojewoda. "HUMAN AND MACHINE CREATIVITY: SOCIAL AND ETHICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE." Creativity Studies 14, no. 2 (November 5, 2021): 430–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cs.2021.14316.
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The paper has a review character, and the presented analysis is based on theoretical considerations referring to the works of other authors. The aim of the paper is to draw attention to the importance of human creativity in the context of technology development, with special emphasis on artificial intelligence. For the purpose of exploration, the study applies philosophical methods, especially methods typical of ethical reflections, also supported by the analysis of existing data derived from social sciences, especially contemporary sociology. The study is synthetic in nature and includes theoretical considerations concerning several issues. Positive and creative possibilities of using artificial intelligence in social and economic life were shown. Potential threats that may be associated with the inappropriate use of artificial intelligence – robots and information systems were also identified. Potential threats resulting from too much trust of people in algorithms were shown. Attention is focused on social and ethical aspects of the human-machine relationship, with special emphasis on the dimension of pragmatism, trust and fascination with new technologies, as well as the principles of robot ethics. A significant part of the considerations also refers to the effects of automation processes, including the functioning of the labour market, human creative abilities and appropriate competences. The third part of the study indicates still undeveloped research fields related to artificial intelligence. The conducted analysis may indicate the direction for further sociological and philosophical research that considers the specificity of the artificial intelligence functioning and seeks support in interdisciplinary research teams.
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Tovmasyan, Natalya, Dmitriy Nazarov, and Maria Ciurea. "Development of fuzzy model for calculating the poverty of the region." E3S Web of Conferences 295 (2021): 01067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129501067.
Full textAbstract:
In the period of digitalization of the economy, informatization and automation of all business processes of any enterprise and the state as a whole is rapidly taking place. One of the global problems of any modern state is the problem of poverty associated with various economic aspects, including receiving benefits and compensations. The main group of the population with a high level of risk of falling into the group of the poor are pensioners, despite various social assistance programs. Social and economic support for the poor also reduces social tension in society. The main purpose of the research article is to build a fuzzy model for assessing the level of poverty in the region. The authors consider the essence of the concept of “poverty” and the existing methods for calculating the level of poverty in the region. FuzzyTech software was used to build and visualize the fuzzy model. In conclusion, the process of setting the fuzzy modeling problem and a description of its direct implementation by means of the selected software are described. The test of the developed fuzzy model for assessing the poverty level was carried out on the official indicators of the Kurgan region.
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Hebda, Kamil, and Eryk Ostapiuk. "Possibilities of using a superconducting energy magnetic storage to improve the reliability of the SN distribution net-work in distribution companies." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 24, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.146.
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The purpose of this work is to analyze the application of superconducting magnetic energy storage in radio controlled disconnector. For the purpose of improving the indicator of the duration of interruptions in the supply of electricity to SAIDI by electricity distribution operators. (System Average Interruption Duration Index). The topic is so important for the Polish economy that it can be treated as a social problem, which can not only reduce the quality of life, but also the economic development of small towns and villages where power outages are much longer than in cities. However, at the same time investment activities for improving the quality of electricity distribution in Poland represent a very high chance for the development of new innovative technologies. The article presents not only aspects related to the automation of the medium voltage network, but also due to its technical and economic capabilities of modern devices. The key in the article is the effective solution to the problem of reliability in Poland and the presentation of the use of an energy reserve in radio disconnector in order to improve the reliability of their work.
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Mikhailova, Natalia, Olga Volodko, and Svitlana Rybakova. "Theoretical Aspects of Night Audit at Hotel Enterprises." Modern Economics 26, no. 1 (June 20, 2021): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v26(2021)-14.
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Introduction. Hotels are luggage and service enterprises. To make the right management decisions and increase profits hospitality enterprises must have accurate, timely, and truthful information on the issues of commercial activities. The most effective way to obtain this information is possible when conducting a regular external audit. It is the quality of the current audit that determines the financial position of the state enterprise. Night audit is one of the areas of internal audit of hotel enterprises, aimed at ensuring the safety of assets, verifying the reliability of accounting information, improving the efficiency of operations, and their compliance with enterprise policy. Night audit is of particular importance for managers and owners of hotel enterprises, as it helps to assess the implementation of the objectives of production and economic activity. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical aspects of night auditing in the hotel industry. Methodology of research. The achievement of this goal was carried out with the help of general scientific and applied research methods, in particular: methods of scientific abstraction - to substantiate the essence and significance of night audit as an aspect of internal control in the hotel industry; methods of logical generalization - to determine the main tasks of the night audit; methods of systematization, detailing and grouping - to consider the methods and basic functions of night auditing. Results. Analyzing and systematizing the scientific works of many scientists, the essence, purpose, and tasks of night audit were determined, the technology and methods of night audit of the hotel were considered, the main competencies of night auditor in the process of control operations were clarified. Conclusions. The practical significance of the obtained results is to determine the need to introduce the practice of night audit as a full-fledged type of control. The scientific novelty of the research results is the deepening of the theoretical foundations of night audit technology to improve the accounting and control support of the management system of the hotel industry. Further research will focus on the detailed implementation of night audit automation in hotel activity.
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Segura, Eva, Rafael Morales, and José A. Somolinos. "Influence of Automated Maneuvers on the Economic Feasibility of Tidal Energy Farms." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 26, 2019): 5965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215965.
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The vertiginous increase in the global demand for energy, together with the imbalance between the period during when fossil resources were formed and the rhythm of their consumption, makes it necessary to promote renewable energies in order for energy consumption to coexist with sustainable development. One of the most important challenges as regards renewable energy generation is to be able to move to a new low carbon economy in which energy demands can be met while the levels of CO 2 emitted are reduced. In this respect, most of the energy obtained from marine currents, the most predictable renewable energy source, is located at great depths. In order to take advantage of this energy, different types of technologies are currently being developed whose economic viability necessitates a reduction in costs. The development of automated systems that will allow the orientation and depth of tidal energy converters to change automatically in order to reduce maintenance maneuvers and take advantage of the energy resource in an optimal manner is, therefore, essential. This paper analyzes the economic feasibility of the automation of installation and maintenance maneuvers on tidal energy farms by means of the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and costs. These aspects have been analyzed in the case of the Alderney Race (United Kingdom). The results obtained show that the use of marine current harnessing devices with automated maneuvers has a relatively important economic advantage over those devices designed with the technology that requires manual maneuvers for the installation and operation procedures, thus enabling the cost of energy to be reduced and increasing the profitability of the project.
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Branca, Teresa Annunziata, Barbara Fornai, Valentina Colla, Maria Maddalena Murri, Eliana Streppa, and Antonius Johannes Schröder. "Current and future aspects of the digital transformation in the European Steel Industry." Matériaux & Techniques 108, no. 5-6 (2020): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2021010.
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The technological transformation in the European steel industry is driven by digitalization, which has the potential to strongly contribute to improving production efficiency and sustainability. The present paper describes part of the work developed in the early stage of the project entitled “Blueprint ‘New Skills Agenda Steel’: Industry-driven sustainable European Steel Skills Agenda and Strategy (ESSA)”, which is funded by the Erasmus Plus Programme of the European Union. The project aims at achieving an industry driven, sustainable and coordinated blueprint for addressing the economic, digital and technological developments, as well as increasing energy efficiency and environmental demands through continuously update of qualification, knowledge and skill profiles of the workforce. On the one hand, main aspects of the current state of the technological transformation in the steel sector are described through the analysis of the main recent innovation projects and developments. On the other hand, survey results from a dedicated questionnaire addressed to the European steel companies are analyzed, providing an overview on the (planned) technological transformation affecting the steel sector. The existing levels of plant automation and the possible adoption of the new paradigm of Industry 4.0 are discussed, by also considering the possible impact on the workforce. Main results are that the steel industry foresees an implementation of almost all Industry 4.0 technologies not only for competitive but also environmental improvement. Because this is foreseen in an incremental way upskilling of the existing workforce is a precondition, not only because of recruitment difficulties on the employment market but also because the existing qualification and experience of the workplace is necessary to unfold the full potential of digital and green transformation.