Dissertations / Theses: 'Automation of the building'

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Mengana, Bashar, and Fredrik Raak. "Building Automation." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199263.

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A, Elhassan Amro. "Building automation and control." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199311.

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Ferreira, Bernardo Menezes Rodrigues. "Building automation with failure tolerance." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23823.

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Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemática
Esta dissertação enquadra-se no projecto SmartLighting e tem como objectivo criar uma solução energeticamente eficiente para edifícios e espaços inteligentes. Numa primeira fase, esta dissertação apresenta uma revisão das soluções existentes de automação de edifícios e, posteriormente, propõe uma solução baseada em princípios da Internet das Coisas e sistemas de processamento complexo de eventos, capaz de criar um ambiente inteligente, autónomo e resiliente a falhas. O foco do trabalho está na criação de um software leve para ser colocado em dispositivos com pouca capacidade de processamento de modo a poderem, não só ser um meio para comunicação com dispositivos inteligentes, mas também habilitados para oferecer capacidades de processamento de eventos em casos de emergência.
This dissertation was was done within the scope of the SmartLighting project and aims to create an energy efficient solution for buildings and smart spaces. In a first phase, this dissertation presents a review of existing building automation solutions and later proposes a solution based on Internet of Things (IoT) principles and Complex Event Processing (CEP) systems, capable of creating a smart, autonomous and fail resilient environment. The focus of the work is on creating a lightweight software to be placed on devices with low processing capacity so that they can not only be a means of communicating with intelligent devices but also enabled to provide event processing capabilities in cases of emergency.

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Nama, Sumanth. "Detecting attacks in building automation system." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1597784.

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Building Automation System (BAS) was proposed to have the automatic centralized control of various appliances in the building such as heating, ventilating, air conditioning and other systems. Providing high security for the network layer in BAS was the major concern in recent times of studies. Researchers have been proposing different authentication protocols to stop the intruders from attacking the network, of which Time Efficient Stream Loss Authentication (TESLA) was the most secured protocol. Apart from its low computational and communicational overhead, there are few possible ways from which an intruder can attack a BAS network. Hence, to overcome this drawback we used a proposed algorithm in this paper, which uses the concept of Zero ? Knowledge Protocol (ZKP) in addition to TESLA for security. This combination of ZKP with time synchronization provides high authentication of packets in the network, thus making the network more secure and reliable. To test the security of the algorithm, we implement different wireless sensor network attacks such as sinkhole attack, and gray hole attack. Our proposed security algorithm is implemented by various WSN?s. We use Network Simulator 2 for simulation of the proposed algorithm. During the simulation, we observe detection of malicious nodes (intruders), thus proving the security of the proposed algorithm that in turn secures BAS.

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Stenlund, Valdemar, and Viking Flyhammar. "PId in building control and automation." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199345.

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Morin, Oskar, and Gabriel Haddad. "PID in building control and automation." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199384.

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Sai, Reddy Mallangi Siva. "PID in building control and automation." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199385.

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Makarechi, Shariar. "Automation Performance Index." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14063.

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Automation is intended to improve overall building performance. Building Automation Systems (BAS) are attractive and popular due to their promise of increased operational effectiveness. BAS can be optimized and a well-designed and well-implemented BAS is expected to increase a buildings overall appeal and value as a result of improvement to its performance. In order to improve the level of automation in buildings, a measurement tool in the form of a performance index is needed. The goal of this research is to quantify a buildings level of automation-performance. The specific objective is to develop an Automation Performance Index (API) model for evaluating the extent of a buildings automation-performance. A methodology is outlined with ten tasks to accomplish the goals of this research and a criterion for each task is described. An extensive literature research and expert survey are performed to identify the key parameters that influence the performance of BAS. Seminars related to the building automation and commissioning fields were also attended to obtain the views of practitioners, manufacturers experts, as well as scholars in the field of building automation and performance commissioning. A Delphi method of research approach is conducted through a series of interviews and surveys of industry and academia experts. The feedback from experts and the research from literature, industry and academic resources are combined, classified and categorized for identification of significant parameters around which Automation Performance Index (API) model can be defined.

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Kara, Deniz. "Implementing productivity based demand response in office buildings using building automation standards." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10944/.

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Demand response is an effective method that can solve known issues in electrical power systems caused by peak power demand and intermittent supply from renewable sources. Office buildings are good candidates for implementing demand response because they usually incorporate building management systems which are able to control and monitor various electrical devices, from lighting to HVAC, security to power management. In order to study the feasibility of using an existing office building management system to implement demand response, a simulator for a typical office building has been built which models the energy consumption characteristics of the building. With the help of this simulator, an Indoor Environment Quality based control algorithm is developed whose aim is to minimise reduction in productivity in an office building during a demand response application. This research revealed two key elements of automatic demand response: lighting loads need to be utilised in every demand response scenario along with HVAC, and the control system needs to be able to operate rapidly because of changing conditions. A multi-agent based demand response control algorithm for lighting is then developed and used to test the suitability of two communication protocols currently widely used in office buildings: KNX and LonWorks. The results show that excessive overload of the communication channel and the lag caused by slow communication speeds using these protocols present serious problems for the implementation of real time agent based communication in office buildings. A solution to these problems is proposed.

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Özlük, Ali Cemal. "Design Space Exploration for Building Automation Systems." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-130600.

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In the building automation domain, there are gaps among various tasks related to design engineering. As a result created system designs must be adapted to the given requirements on system functionality, which is related to increased costs and engineering effort than planned. For this reason standards are prepared to enable a coordination among these tasks by providing guidelines and unified artifacts for the design. Moreover, a huge variety of prefabricated devices offered from different manufacturers on the market for building automation that realize building automation functions by preprogrammed software components. Current methods for design creation do not consider this variety and design solution is limited to product lines of a few manufacturers and expertise of system integrators. Correspondingly, this results in design solutions of a limited quality. Thus, a great optimization potential of the quality of design solutions and coordination of tasks related to design engineering arises. For given design requirements, the existence of a high number of devices that realize required functions leads to a combinatorial explosion of design alternatives at different price and quality levels. Finding optimal design alternatives is a hard problem to which a new solution method is proposed based on heuristical approaches. By integrating problem specific knowledge into algorithms based on heuristics, a promisingly high optimization performance is achieved. Further, optimization algorithms are conceived to consider a set of flexibly defined quality criteria specified by users and achieve system design solutions of high quality. In order to realize this idea, optimization algorithms are proposed in this thesis based on goal-oriented operations that achieve a balanced convergence and exploration behavior for a search in the design space applied in different strategies. Further, a component model is proposed that enables a seamless integration of design engineering tasks according to the related standards and application of optimization algorithms.

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Wadhwa, Preeti H. "Secure building automation system using Tesla protocol." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1601311.

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Wireless broadcast communication systems are continuously facing many threats in terms of various security attacks on the network. Broadcast communication has well known advantages in large scale networks such as building automation system, home automation and more. The need for verification and authentication in the broadcast communication had motivated us to develop a unique security algorithm for a robust authentication mechanism. This project proposes a unique methodology that combines the advantage of the gradient based routing and cryptography in a network. For implementation of the proposed algorithm, an example of building automation has been used. Principles of TESLA protocol were considered, and modified to craft a novel approach that provides a highly secure broadcast authentication mechanism in the building automation system. Implementation and results produced during the development phase of the project affirms the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

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Pramsten, Erik, and Daniel Roberthson. "Wireless sensor networks in building automation systems." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177368.

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Tiny devices communicating wirelessly, also called wireless sensor networks, have developed rapidly the last few years. As the devices have been more energy efficient and more reliable new application areas have become interesting, one of them is building automation systems. Retrotting and additional temperature measurements are two interesting application areas to make the building automation systems more cost and energy efficient. The aim for the work preformed has been to investigate the possibility of integrating wireless networks with existing building automation systems using open and widely used standards. The work process has involved evaluating existing business automation protocols. Each protocol has then been evaluated from an energy consumption perspective. The major dierent wireless technologies have been described in relation to the sensor networks. Finally a proof of concept implementation has been developed on a wireless sensor network connecting to a building automation system. The implementation has been made on the Contiki operating system, a lightweight operating system for small devices. The work described in this master thesis shows that the Contiki operation systems with BACnet can be used to enhance existing building automation systems with wireless sensor network support. All listed protocols however lacks functionality for reducing number of messages required for protocol comparability (and reducing power consumption).
Små enheter som kommunicerar trådlöst ofta benämnda som sensornätverk har under senare år utvecklats i hög takt. Nya applikationsområden har blivit intressanta allt eftersom enheterna har blivit mer energieektiva och tillförlitliga. Ett av dessa nya applikationsområden är fastighetsautomation, speciellt vi ombyggnation och utökad temperaturkontroll. Dessa områden är intressanta eftersom trådlösa sensornätverk kan innebära utökad kontroll och har en låg installationskostnad. Målet med arbetet har varit att undersöka hur väl trådlösa sensornätverk kan integreras med existerande system för fastigautomation. Metoden för detta har inkluderat en genomgång av system för fastighetsautomation samt kända protokoll för detta. Varje protokoll har evaluerats utifrån protokollets kommunikationsmetod och uppskattad energiåtgång. Arbetet innehåller en genomgång av olika trådlösa nätverksprotokoll och hur de relaterar till sensornätverk. Slutligen har vi utvecklat en testapplikation på enheter anpassade för sensornätverk och integrerat denna med BACnet ett protokoll för fastighetsautomation. Arbetet som beskrivs i denna uppsats visar att det går att integrera system för fastighetsautomation med trådlösa sensornätverk. Däremot saknar alla beskrivna protokoll för fastighetsautomation stöd för att minska strömförbrukning och kommunikation, vilket är en viktig del för implementeringen av större trådlösa nätverk.

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Bellman, Markus, and Gustav Göransson. "Intelligent Process Automation : Building the bridge between Robotic Process Automation and Artificial Intelligence." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263090.

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Process Automation has the potential to yield great benefits for companies and organizations, especially in the financial services industry where companies are information-intensive and experience rich data flows. This has mostly been done through Robotic Process Automation (RPA), but the increased maturity of Machine Learning algorithms has increased the viability of combining classic RPA with Artificial Intelligence, leading to Intelligent Process Automation (IPA). However, there is a set of challenges embedded in the transition from RPA to IPA. These challenges need to be dealt with in order to ensure that the benefits of the new technology can be harvested. The aim of this research was to identify this set of challenges that the companies will face, as well as provide guidance to what preparations that need to be made before IPA can be implemented in full scale. The research was conducted as a theory building case study at a large Swedish bank. An empirical study was conducted, consisting of interviews with researchers, as well as automation professionals and R&D at the case company. The findings of the empirical study and previous research on the area were combined and condensed into a guiding framework for organizations wanting to adopt IPA.
Processautomation har potentialen att ge stora fördelar för företag och organisationer, speciellt i finansbranschen där företag är informationsintensiva och har stora dataflöden. Detta har huvudsakligen gjorts med Robotic Process Automation (RPA) men den ökade mognadsgraden av maskininlärning har snabbt förbättrat möjligheten att kombinera RPA med Artificiell Intelligens (AI) för att därmed möjliggöra Intelligent Process Automation (IPA). I övergången från RPA till IPA uppkommer däremot en del utmaningar och problem som företag måste hanteras innan potentialen med dessa nya tekniker kan förverkligas. Den här forskningen ämnar att identifiera de utmaningar som företagen kommer ställas inför samt ge vägledning för vilka förberedelser som företagen måste genomföra innan IPA kan implementeras fullskaligt i organisationen. Forskningen genomfördes som en teoribyggande fallstudie på en stor svensk bank. Den teoretiska grunden samlades in genom en omfattande litteraturstudie och en empirisk studie bestående av intervjuer med forskare samt automationsutvecklare och FoU på banken. Resultaten från litteraturstudien och empirin kombinerades och kondenserades till ett vägvisande ramverk för organisationer som vill implementera IPA.

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Nassar, Khaled. "A Framework for Building Assembly Selection and Generation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29138.

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In practice, the building design process can be divided into three major stages; schematic design, design implementation and construction documents development. The majority of the time in the building design delivery process is spent in the latter two stages. Computers can greatly aid the designer in the latter two stages, by providing a tool that helps in choosing the best assemblies for a particular design and, helping in automating the process of construction detail generation. There is lack of such a tool in the architecture design domain. In this dissertation, a novel approach for the selection and generation of building assemblies is presented. A building product model is described. In this model the building is broken down into assemblies. Each assembly has a graphical representation. By using the assemblies' representations a designer can specify his/her design concept. These assemblies are intelligent. They know how to select the correct assembly constructions for each particular design situation, based on a set of defined criteria and constraints. The different kinds of criteria and constraints that affect the selection of assemblies are identified, and examples are provided. A selection procedure is developed that can perform the selection taking into consideration the various criteria and constraints to produce a best compromise solution. A computer prototype is developed on top of a traditional computer graphics package (AutoCAD) as a proof of concept. In the prototype, the design knowledge is encapsulated and intelligence is added to the building assemblies of a specific construction type. This intelligence allows the assemblies to be automatically selected and analyzed. Several examples of assemblies are developed in the computer prototype. The treatment of building components as intelligent objects will significantly increase the efficiency of design in terms of economy and performance. This is because issues related to the specific design can be addressed in an organized way. Issues like cost, constructability, and other performances can be taken into consideration at the design level. The approach described here provides a more efficient and time saving way for selection of building assembly constructions.
Ph. D.

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Dong, Ni. "Building control and automation via PID and WSN." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199344.

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Gylling, Marcus. "Remote wireless control of building management systems automation." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5342.

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The controlling unit in building management system automation is a PLC. Every device in an installation is connected to the PLC. When a user wants to interact with a system an operator terminal, which is attached to a cabinet where the PLC is installed, is used. With this solution the user needs to be in front of the cabinet to interact with the system. Alarms do not get the user’s attention until the user checks the operator terminal. Using a solution where the communication with the PLC is done with a wireless interface would mean that the user interact with a system from a wider area. The solution should have the same functionality as today with the extension that the PLC should be able to contact the user if something is wrong in the installation. A PDA is used as a replacement for the operator terminal. This PDA uses two different techniques to communicate with the PLC. Bluetooth is used when the user is in the building and interacts with the system in a similar way to the operator terminals. GSM is used when the PLC needs to get the users attention by sending out alarms. With this solution the PDA can be used for several installations and thereby decrease cost. The project has turned out to be a success. The application that has been developed has improved a user’s interaction with a PLC.

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Pan, Zhiwen, and Zhiwen Pan. "A Context Aware Anomaly Behavior Analysis Methodology for Building Automation Systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625624.

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Advances in mobile and pervasive computing, electronics technology, and the exponential growth in Internet of Things (IoT) applications and services has led to Building Automation System (BAS) that enhanced the buildings we live by delivering more energy-saving, intelligent, comfortable, and better utilization. Through the use of integrated protocols, a BAS can interconnects a wide range of building assets so that the control and management of asset operations and their services can be performed in one protocol. Moreover, through the use of distributed computing and IP based communication, a BAS can implement remote monitor and control in adaptive and real-time manner. However, the use of IoT and distributed computing techniques in BAS are leading to challenges to secure and protect information and services due to the significant increase in the attack surface and the inherent vulnerabilities of BAS integrated protocols. Since there is no intrusion detection and prevention available for BAS network, proposing a reliable security mechanism which can monitor the behavior of BAS assets becomes a major design issue. Anomaly Based Intrusion Detection is a security mechanism that uses baseline model to describe the normal behaviors of a system, so that malicious behaviors occurred in a system can be detected by comparing the observed behavior to the baseline model. With its ability of detecting novel and new attacks, Anomaly based Behavior Analysis (ABA) has been actively pursued by researchers for designing Intrusion Detection Systems. Since the information acquired from a BAS system can be from a variety of sources (e.g. sensors, network protocols, temporal and spatial information), the traditional ABA methodology which merely focuses on analyzing the behavior of communication protocols will not be effective in protecting BAS networks. In this dissertation we aim at developing a general methodology named Context Aware Anomaly based Behavior Analysis (CAABA) which combines Context Awareness technique with Anomaly based Behavior Analysis in order to detect any type of anomaly behaviors occurred in Building Automation Systems. Context Awareness is a technique which is widely used in pervasive computing and it aims at gathering information about a system's environment so it can accurately characterize the current operational context of the BAS network and its services. The CAABA methodology can be used to protect a variety of BAS networks in a sustainable and reliable way. To handle the heterogeneous BAS information, we developed a novel Context Aware Data Structure to represent the information acquired from the sensors and resources during execution of the BAS system which can explicitly describe the system's behavior. By performing Anomaly based Behavior Analysis over the set of context arrays using either data mining algorithm or statistical functions, the BAS baseline models are generated. To validate our methodology, we have applied it to two different building application scenarios: a smart building system which is usually implemented in industrial and commercial office buildings and a smart home system which is implemented in residential buildings, where we have achieved good detection results with low detection errors.

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Hultmark, Varejão Marcus. "Integration of Electrochromic Smart Windows in Building Automation Systems." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-141159.

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To lower energy consumption, the building industry invests in smart solutions. These solutions usually use control and automation to both increase energy efficiency and facilitate usage, and therefore attract consumers. This paper gives a better insight into how an electrochromic (EC) window, which is a relatively new smart product, should be used to further improve the intelligence of buildings. The funding company has not yet integrated the EC windows in building automation systems (BASs). A research was realized to understand the BAS technologies available so that it is possible to decide which to use. The researched technologies were LonWorks and BACnet; both are explained and discussed in this paper. The paper goes on to conclude that LonWorks is more convenient to implement. Windows provide solar power and indoor illuminance. If there is too much sunlight indoors, the room might get too warm and people may be affected by glare. Being able to automatically control these parameters improves comfort. This paper provides equations to calculate the position of the sun to be used in simulations. Simulation procedures are also provided so it is possible to calculate the indoor illuminanceas well as the temperature; the latter is then used to estimate the energy consumption and compare EC with high efficient regular windows. These simulations show that, with illuminance controlled EC windows, the energy used to regulate the temperature to 23oC is around 2:6% less than with high efficient regular windows. A control algorithm is proposed to adjust indoor illuminance by manipulating the transmittance of the EC windows. This algorithm is then implemented on the real system. Then, to be able to manually control the windows, a website is designed so anyone with access to a web-browser and a connection to the intranet (where the windows are connected) can manipulate them.
Byggindustrin investerar i smarta lösningar för att sänka energiförbrukningen. Dessa lösningar brukar använda kontroll och automatisering för att både öka energieffektiviteten och underlätta användningen, och därmed locka konsumenter. Denna uppsats ger en bättre inblick i hur ett elektrokromiskt (EC) fönster, som är en relativt ny smart produkt, bör användas för att ytterligare förbättra byggnaders intelligens. Företaget som finansierar projektet har ännu inte integrerat EC fönster i byggnadsautomationssystem (BAS). Olika BAS tekniker studeras, varav två tekniker mer ingående; LonWorks och BACnet. De både teknikerna analyseras och utvärderas för att sedan utse vilken som är att föredra. Slutsatsen dras om att LonWorks är mer lämplig att implementera. Fönster förser rummet med solenergi och belysningsstyrka. Om fönstret släpper in för mycket solljus kan personer påverkas av bländning samt att det kan bli för varmt. Komforten ökar om dessa parametrar styrs automatiskt. Denna uppsats härleder ekvationer för att beräkna solens position som sedan användsi simuleringar. Simuleringsförfaranden används också för att beräkna belysningsstyrkan inomhus såväl som temperaturen; den senare tillämpas sedan för att beräkna energiförbrukningen och jämföra EC med högeffektiva vanliga fönster. Dessa simuleringar visar att energin som behövs för att reglera temperaturen till 23oC i rum innehållande EC fönster med reglering av belysningsstyrkan är ca 2;6% mindre än i rum innehållande högeffektiva vanliga fönster. En regleralgoritm föreslås för att justera belysningsstyrkan inomhus genom att manipulera transmittansen hos EC fönster. Denna algoritm implementeras sedan på det verkliga systemet. En webbsida konstrueras sedan så att vem som helst med tillgång till en webbläsare och anslutning till intranätet (där fönstren är anslutna) kan manipulera dem.

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Winroth, Robin. "Evaluating the Next Generation of Building Automation – IoT SmartBuildings." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278048.

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Abstract Building automation systems typically use proprietary hardware and included softwarefor their automation which can make the systems vendor-locked. Establishedprogramming standards limits the freedom of companies to improve their automationsystems with the growth of the IT era. The purpose of the thesis is to investigateand evaluate IoT solutions and implement one of these methods as proof ofconcept and to elicit new aspects for analysis and discussion. With the literature study three different methods was discovered followed bya comparative study. These methods include: Porting the existing software andmoving the automation process. Replacing the hardware with smaller computers.Adding a server as translator between the building and the cloud. The methods have different use cases with the objective of integrating a cloudservice to create smarter building automation system to reduce energy consumptionin buildings. One of the methods was proven to be most suitable for implementationbased on requirements set by experts in the field. The method chosenwas porting a smaller portion of an existing BAS to a new programming language. The final prototype was completed with a ported program, from IEC 61131-3 standard to Java and the automation was moved from a programmable logiccontroller to an edge unit. The discussion focuses on different ways of optimizingthe system, one of the optimization is to move the automation process to cloudcomputing. Energy managements are considered by collecting data and metadatain the cloud to create energy profiles for reduced energy consumption. Keywords: internet of things, building management system, buildingautomation system, programmable logic controller, porting, legacy, energymanagement, cloud services

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Fu, Chenglong. "Automation of Building Energy Performance Simulation with IDA ICE." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284528.

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Buildings play a central role for livability and carbon footprint of urban areas. Ambitious energy saving and emission reduction targets created a need for a new generation of decisionsupport methods and tools that allow for detailed analysis of urban energy on a large scale. Urban building energy modeling (UBEM) that has emerged recently is an efficient approach to assess energy performance of multiple buildings and system effects from urban energy interventions. However, the further upscale of UBEMs is significantly limited due to the lack of automation for building energy performance (BEP) simulations required for such models in large amounts. This thesis aimed to explore challenges for automation of BEP simulations, and to develop a prototype tool that would serve as a middleware between UBEM and BEP simulation engine, focusing on the IDA ICE simulation software. The result of this thesis is icepy — a tool for automation of BEP simulations in IDA ICE. It uses IDA ICE API and Lisp scripting to provide interaction between UBEM process and IDA ICE in order to generate initial simulation model (IDM), execute simulation and manage results in an automated way. Being implemented as a Python package, it allows to modify multiple IDMs or export simulation results with a few lines of code. The developed tool has been tested and validated for the case building in Minneberg, Stockholm. The automation capabilities provided by icepy has allowed to perform sensitivity analysis for building design parameters as was demonstrated for the window-to-wall ratio (WWR) and three various algorithms for window distribution. The resulting tool has limited functionality as it addressed building envelopes which is only one component of building simulation. However, it has proved to be an efficient approach to automate simulation process and has shown a good potential for further development of such tools.
Byggnader spelar en central roll för urbana områdens levbarhet och koldioxidavtryck. Ambitiösa mål för energibesparing och utsläppsminskning har skapat ett behov av en ny generation beslutsstödmetoder och verktyg som möjliggör detaljerad analys av städers energianvändning i stor skala. Urban byggnadsenergimodellering (UBEM) har nyligen utvecklats och är ett effektivt tillvägagångssätt för att bedöma energiprestanda för flera byggnader och systemeffekter för olika energiåtgärder inom den urban miljön. Den ytterligare uppskalningen av UBEM är dock begränsad på grund av bristen på automation av simulering som är inriktade på byggnadsenergiprestanda (BEP), vilket krävs för att hantera stora byggnadsbestånd. Det här examensarbetet syftar till att utforska utmaningar med automatisering av BEP-simuleringar och att utveckla en prototyp som ska fungera som en mellanprogramvara mellan UBEM och BEP-simuleringsmotorer, med fokus på IDA ICE(som är en simuleringsprogramvara). Resultatet av examensarbetet är icepy, som är ett verktyg för att automatisera BEP-simuleringar i IDA-ICE. Icepy använder IDA ICE API och Lispskript för att tillhandahålla interaktion mellan UBEM-processen och IDA ICE för att generera en initial simuleringsmodell (IDM), utför själva simuleringen och slutligen hanterar resultatet på ett automatiserat sätt. Genom att icepy implementeras som ett Pythonpaket kan den modifiera flera IDM:er och även exportera simuleringsresultat med några få kodrader. Området Minneberg i Stockholm har använts i en fallstudie för att validera och testa verktyget. Automatiseringsfunktionerna i icepy har möjliggjort känslighetsanalyser för olika byggnadsdesignparametrar, exempelvis studerades påverkan av olika värden på förhållandet mellan fönster och väggar genom användning av tre olika algoritmer för fönsterdistributioner. Det utvecklade verktyget har begränsningar i funktionalitet framförallt på grund av att enbart byggnadens ytterskal studerades i byggnadsenergisimuleringarna. Verktyget har dock visat sig vara ett effektivt tillvägagångssätt för att automatisera simuleringsprocesser, vilket visar på en god potential att också vidareutveckla dessa verktyg.

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Taylor, Mark D. "Economic appraisal and risk analysis of construction automation." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2003. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/4278.

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Kataria, Alok. "Standardization and process planning for building around inserts in stereolithography apparatus." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16653.

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Lin, Frank Ching-Shou. "The integration between design and maintenance of office building automation : a decision support approach." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16058/.

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This research explores the barriers and limitations of the interaction between building development processes in an attempt of an integrated decision support approach to improve building design for effective maintenance in the field of office building automation. Extensive coverage of literature and practice in office building industry over the last two decades indicates a wide diffusion and application of the information and communication technologies (ICT). While this has resulted in the adoption of advanced system integration in buildings, system redundancy and excessive expenditures are causing a major impact on the overall efficiency and has burdened building owners and occupiers with escalating maintenance costs. This phenomenon stimulates and warrants the re-examination of integrated building development, not just on system integration but also on the interdisciplinary development process integration particularly linking design and maintenance. Studies in this field revealed existing problems such as the inherent professional fragmentation, lack of historical information and service data, the first cost mentality of owners and developers, difficulties in forecasting future conditions and changes early in the design stage. With extensive use of qualitative information, this situation presents a great potential for the development of a decision support system exploring the communication and integration of design and maintenance phases, which has been one of the primary objectives of this research. In addition to literature studies, a questionnaire survey and a case study to identify industry concerns, feasible solutions, and practical procedure oriented approaches through knowledge extractions were carried out. A set of guidelines, a checklist for its implementation and prototype system for computerized decision support to design and maintenance of building automation systems were also produced. These strategic approaches to balance design and maintenance will help facilitate appropriate decision making in the early design stage for sustainable maintenance of buildings.

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Ibanez-Guzman, Javier. "Robotic tools and automation aids for modular construction of building." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358027.

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Suwannarath, Songluk. "The TESLA-alpha broadcast authentication protocol for building automation system." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10111196.

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Wireless sensor networks experience an increase of attacks in networks in term of security. However, broadcast communication is an essential algorithm that provides a great benefit for large scale communications, especially in Building Automation System (BAS). Embedding the security in this area becomes the top priority for every industry. TESLA protocol is an algorithm that verifies and authenticates senders and has low overhead and a robust authentication mechanism. The appeal of TESLA motivates us to apply this protocol into a hierarchical wireless network architecture for BAS that has a high flexibility for formation networks. To combine these two architectures we implement the knowledge of zero knowledge protocol and a session key cryptography into the formation phase, and modify packets that were used in this phase to make TESLA-alpha protocol compatible with BAS.

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Llamas, Rodríguez Manuel José. "Design Automation methods and tools for building Digital Printed Microelectronics Circuits." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457967.

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La electrónica orgánica/impresa está continuamente creciendo en interés, con la aparición de nuevas propuestas y aplicaciones. Este tipo de tecnologías no pretenden competir directamente con las que provienen de la industria tradicional basada en Silicio, sino que tienen como propósito complementarla con nuevos dispositivos que proporcionen ciertas ventajas en determinadas situaciones, ya sea en términos de coste u otras. Sin embargo, en lo que se refiere al campo del procesado digital queda mucho trabajo por hacer para, paulatinamente, ir siguiendo los pasos del modelo ‘fabless’ que rige el mercado de semiconductores actual. Este modelo consiste en la deslocalización entre los equipos de diseño y los fabricantes. Respecto a dicho progreso me refiero no solo a las mejoras que acontecen a nivel de procesos de fabricación, sino también en el campo de la automatización de los procesos de diseño. Nuestro grupo de investigación concibió una novedosa estrategia para producir, de manera eficiente, diseños de circuitos digitales para electrónica impresa, basados en lo que denominamos Inkjet-configurable Gate Arrays, aprovechando las ventajas de la impresión digital. Estos Inkjet Gate Arrays consisten en matrices de transistores sobre sustratos flexibles que, una vez conectados mediante impresión digital, conforman puertas lógicas; las cuales, en su conjunto, materializan circuitos. El trabajo presentado en esta tesis se centra en una etapa específica de cualquier flujo de diseño común de circuitos integrados, llamada síntesis física. En concreto, este trabajo proporciona una novedosa metodología para resolver el problema de ubicar y conectar, ‘Placement and Routing’, los circuitos sobre las mencionadas matrices de transistores, teniendo en cuenta su rendimiento, y con independencia de la tecnología de fabricación. Se aborda la manera de cómo tratar con tecnologías impresas diferentes, que puedan presentar distintos niveles de rendimiento, normalmente debidos a la alta variabilidad intrínseca a los procesos de fabricación actuales. En tales casos, un factor clave para asegurar que la colocación de los circuitos sea funcionalmente correcta es poder procesar de manera efectiva la información sobre la distribución de fallos de las matrices. Además del concepto de mapeo según el rendimiento, la novedosa heurística aquí propuesta proporciona la capacidad de personalizar los circuitos, lo que permite mayor flexibilidad en su construcción, dependiendo de distintas razones u objetivos posibles (p. ej. congestión). Esta metodología no solo es conveniente para los primeros pasos que, en la actualidad, se están llevando a cabo en el desarrollo de prototipos de circuitos digitales para la electrónica orgánica, sino que también es escalable hacia nuevas mejoras en el rendimiento de las tecnologías de fabricación, así como en tamaños y densidad de integración.
Organic/Printed Electronics are, day by day, increasing on interest, as new applications are being proposed and developed. This kind of technologies do not intend to compete directly with the Silicon-based well-established industry, but rather to complement it with new devices that are advantageous for certain situations, whether in terms of cost or others. However, in the digital processing domain there is still much work to be done to, slowly but steadily, follow the steps of the conventional fabless model that rules today’s semiconductor market. I am referring not only to progresses at fabrication level, but also on the field of Electronic Design Automation. Our research group conceived a novel strategy to efficiently produce Printed Electronics digital circuit designs based on what we called Inkjet-configurable Gate Arrays, which takes advantage of digital printing techniques. The Inkjet Gate Arrays consist in matrices of transistors over flexible substrates that, after being connected by digital printing techniques, they describe logic gates, and thus circuits. The work presented in this dissertation targets a specific stage of any common Integrated Circuit design flow, referred to as physical synthesis. Specifically, my contribution provides a new approach to the Placement and Routing problem, where circuits are mapped onto the Inkjet Gate Arrays in a technology independent yield-aware manner. I tackle the issue of dealing with different Printed Electronics technologies that might present distinct yield properties, usually due to the intrinsic high variability of current fabrication processes. In such cases, being able to effectively process the IGA’s fault distribution information is key to ensure that the mapped circuits will be capable of working correctly, from a functional perspective. In addition to the yield awareness concept, the circuit personalization capabilities of the novel P&R heuristic proposed herein allow more mapping flexibility, depending on different possible reasons/purposes (e.g. congestion). This approach is not only convenient for today’s first steps of digital circuit prototyping over Organic Electronics, but also scalable to future technological improvements at yield level, and on sizes and integration density.

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Lan, Dapeng. "Experimental Study of Thread Mesh Network for Wireless Building Automation Systems." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-194440.

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Wireless sensor network technologies have gained significant popularity in home automation due to their scalability, system mobility, wireless connectivity, inexpensive and easy commissioning. Thread, a new wireless protocol aiming for home automation, is proposed by Google Nest and standardized by Thread Group. This thesis presents a thorough experimental evaluation of Thread wireless protocol with the hardware platform from NXP. The test plan, implementation, and analysis of the experiments is discussed in details, including signal coverage, unicast and multicast latency, reliability, and availability. Furthermore, a system level model considering the delay in different layers for the latency of Thread mesh network is presented, and validated by the experimental results. Finally, a friendly tool was developed for installers to estimate the latency of Thread mesh network.

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Jan, Jonathan. "Collecting Data for Building Automation Analytics : A case study for collecting operational data with minimal human intervention." Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233319.

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Approximately 40% of the total energy consumption within the EU is due to buildings, and similar numbers can be found in the US. If the principal inefficiencies in buildings were easily identifiable, then a facility manager could focus their resources to make the buildings more efficient, which would lead to both cost savings for the facility owners and decrease the building’s ecological footprint. In building automation systems today, data is already being collected every second, but due to the lack of standardization for describing this data, having access to data is not the same as being able to make use of it. The existing heterogeneity makes it very costly to gather data from multiple buildings, thus making it difficult to understand the big picture. Facility managers cannot fix what they cannot see; thus it is important to facilitate the visualization of the data collected from all of the different building automation systems. This potentially offers great benefits with regards to both sustainability and economy. In this thesis, the author’s goal is to propose a sustainable, cost and time effective data integration strategy for real estate owners who wish to gain greater insight into their buildings’ efficiency. The study begins with a literature study to find previous and on-going attempts to solve this problem. Some initiatives for standardization of semantic models were found. Two of these models, Brick and Haystack, were chosen. One building automation system (BAS) was tested in a pilot case study, to test the appropriateness of a solution. The key results from this thesis project show that data from building automation systems, can be integrated into an analysis platform, and an extract, transform, and load (ETL) process for this is presented. How time efficiently data can be tagged and transformed into a common format is very dependent upon the current control system’s data storage format and whether information about its structure is adequate. It is also noted that there is no guarantee that facility managers have access to the control system’s database or information about how that is structured, in such cases other techniques can be used such as BACnet/IP, or Open Platform Communications (OPC) Unified Architecture.
Ungefär 40 % av den totala energikonsumtionen i E.U. och U.S.A. förbrukas av fastigheter. Om de delar av fastigheten som är ineffektiva enkelt kunde identifieras, skulle det underlätta fastighetsförvaltarnas arbete i att göra byggnader mer energisnåla. Detta har i sin tur potential att minska kostnader och byggnaders ekologiska fotavtryck. I dagens fastighetsautomationssystem samlas data in varje sekund, men på grund av att det saknas ett standardiserat sätt att beskriva den på, är det skillnad på att ha tillgång till data och att faktiskt kunna använda sig av den. Heterogeniteten gör att det blir både kostsamt och tidskrävande för fastighetsförvaltare att samla in data från sina fastigheter. Fastighetsförvaltare kan inte åtgärda något det inte kan se. Därför är det viktigt att underlätta möjligheten för visualisering av data från olika typer av fastighetsautomationssystem. Att lyckas med detta har potential att ge positiva effekter både när det gäller hållbarhet och ekonomi. I den här uppsatsen är författarens mål att komma fram till en hållbar, kostnads- och tidseffektiv integrationsstrategi för fastighetsförvaltare som vill få bättre insikter hur effektiv deras byggnad faktiskt är. Forskningsarbetet inleds med en litteraturstudie för att finna tidigare och pågående försök att lösa detta problem. Några initiativ för standardisering av semantiska modeller för att beskriva data inom fastighetsautomation hittades. Två av dessa, Brick och Project Haystack, valdes ut. En byggnad, och ett fastighetsautomationssystem testades i en pilotstudie. Resultaten från studien pekar på att data från fastighetautomationssystem kan integreras med en analysplattform, och en så kallad ETL-process, efter de engelska orden: extract, transform, load; presenteras för att uppnå det målet. Hur tidseffektivt data kan taggas och transformeras beror på det nuvarande kontrollsystemets datalagringsformat och om information om dess struktur är adekvat. Det noteras att det inte finns någon garanti till att få åtkomst till kontrollsystemets databas, eller information om dess struktur, därför presenteras även alternativa tekniker, däribland BACnet/IP och Open Platform Communications (OPC) Unified Architecture.

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Howe, A. Scott. "Modular robots for self-constructing building systems." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39005185.

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Xiong, Yunjie. "A BIM-based Interoperability Platform in Support of Building Operation and Energy Management." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97364.

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Building energy efficiency is progressively becoming a crucial topic in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector. Energy management tools have been developed to promise appropriate energy savings. Building energy simulation (BES) is a tool mainly used to analyze and compare the energy consumption of various design/operation scenarios, while building automation systems (BAS) works as another energy management tool to monitor, measure and collect operational data, all in an effort to optimize energy consumption. By integrating the energy simulated data and actual operational data, the accuracy of a building energy model can be increased while the calibrated energy model can be applied as a benchmark for guiding the operational strategies. This research predicted that building information modeling (BIM) would link BES and BAS by acting as a visual model and a database throughout the lifecycle of a building. The intent of the research was to use BIM to document energy-related information and to allow its exchange between BES and BAS. Thus, the energy-related data exchange process would be simplified, and the productive efficiency of facility management processes would increase. A systematic literature review has been conducted in investigating the most popular used data formats and data exchange methods for the integration of BIM/BES and BAS, the results showed the industry foundation classes (IFC) was the most common choice for BIM tools mainly and database is a key solution for managing huge actual operational datasets, which was a reference for the next step in research. Then a BIM-based framework was proposed to supporting the data exchange process among BIM/BES/BAS. 4 modules including BIM Module, Operational Data Module, Energy Simulation Module and Analysis and Visualization Module with an interface were designed in the framework to document energy-related information and to allow its exchange between BES and BAS. A prototype of the framework was developed as a platform and a case study of an entire office suite was conducted using the platform to validate this framework. The results showed that the proposed framework enables automated or semi-automated multiple-model development and data analytics processes. In addition, the research explored how BIM can enhance the application of energy modeling during building operation processes as a means to improve overall energy performance and facility management productivity.
Doctor of Philosophy
Building energy efficiency is progressively becoming a crucial topic in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector, promising appropriate energy savings can be achieved over the life cycle of buildings through proper design, construction, and operation. Energy management tools have been developed towards this end. Building energy simulation (BES) is a tool mainly used to analyze and compare the energy consumption of various design/operation scenarios. These instances include the selection of both new and retrofit designs and for building codes, building commissioning, and real-time optimal control, among others. The main challenge surrounding BES is the discrepancy between quantitative results and actual performance data. Building automation systems (BAS), or a part of BAS which is often referred to as building energy management systems (BEMS), works as another energy management tool to monitor, measure and collect operational data, all in an effort to optimize energy consumption. The key disadvantage to the more general tool of BAS in energy management is that the data sets collected by BAS are typically too large to be analyzed effectively. One potential solution to the lack of effective energy management analysis may lie in the integration of BES and BAS. Actual operational data can be compared with simulation results in assessing the accuracy of an energy model while the energy model can be applied as a benchmark for evaluating the actual energy consumption and optimizing control strategies. The presented research predicted that building information modeling (BIM) would link BES and BAS by acting as a visual model and a database throughout the lifecycle of a building. The intent of the research was to use BIM to document energy-related information and to allow its exchange between BES and BAS. Thus, the energy-related data exchange process would be simplified, and the productive efficiency of facility management processes would increase. More specifically, this research posits the framework of integrating BIM, BES, and BAS to produce a seamless and real-time energy-related information exchange system. The proposed framework enables automated or semi-automated multiple-model development and data analytics processes. In addition, the research explored how BIM can enhance the application of energy modeling during building operation processes as a means to improve overall energy performance and facility management productivity.

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Sousa, Marco Antonio Baptista de. "Estudo comparativo entre a aplicação de sistemas dedicados e a utilização de controladores lógico-programáveis na automação de sistemas prediais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-26052004-154102/.

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O trabalho enfoca a automação predial, procurando analisar, comparativamente, a utilização de tecnologias convencionais e equipamentos empregados na automação de processos industriais. Através de um estudo de caso, efetuou-se uma descrição dos principais sistemas prediais possíveis de serem automatizados em um edifício, efetuando-se uma avaliação comparativa entre os sistemas convencionais e os baseados na automação de processos, permitindo o uso mais eficiente dos insumos prediais, além de aumentar o conforto e a segurança de seus ocupantes. Verificou-se um grande potencial de aplicação dos sistemas de automação de processos industriais, para implementação alternativa nos sistemas de automação predial.
This research focuses building automation, analyzing comparatively the use of conventional technologies and other equipments commonly applied in industrial processes. Through a case study, a description of mainly building systems that are feasible to be automated in high technology buildings has been made, including a comparative evaluation of mainly building systems based on conventional systems and automation process, allowing the most efficient use of building resources, beyond to increase the users comfort and security. It was verified a great potential for applications of industrial processes automation systems, as an alternative implementation in building automation systems.

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Avila, Melinda Plaza. "Building control automation for retirement homes : a therapeutic opportunity for the elderly /." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135840/.

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Wang, Xiaolong. "A Secure Computing Platform for Building Automation Using Microkernel-based Operating Systems." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7589.

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Building Automation System (BAS) is a complex distributed control system that is widely deployed in commercial, residential, industrial buildings for monitoring and controlling mechanical/electrical equipment. Through increasing industrial and technological advances, the control components of BAS are becoming increasingly interconnected. Along with potential benefits, integration also introduces new attack vectors, which tremendous increases safety and security risks in the control system. Historically, BAS lacks security design and relies on physical isolation and "security through obscurity". These methods are unacceptable with the "smart building" technologies. The industry needs to reevaluate the safety and security of the current building automation system, and design a comprehensive solution to provide integrity, reliability, and confidentiality on both system and network levels. This dissertation focuses on the system level in the effort to provide a reliable computing foundation for the devices and controllers. Leveraged on the preferred security features such as, robust modular design, small privilege code, and formal verifiability of microkernel architecture, this work describes a security enhanced operating system with built-in mandatory access control and a proxy-based communication framework for building automation controllers. This solution ensures policy-enforced communication and isolation between critical applications and non-critical applications in a potentially hostile cyber environment.

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Azoidou, Eva. "Battery Lifetime Modelling and Validation of Wireless Building Automation Devices in Thread." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationsnät, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199957.

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The need for energy eciency in wireless communication is prevalent in all areas,but to an even greater extent in low-power and lossy networks that rely on resourceconstraineddevices. This degree project seeks to address the problem of modellingthe battery lifetime of a duty-cycled node, participating in a wireless sensor networkthat is typically used in smart home and building applications. Modelling inMATLAB combined with experimentation are employed to predict the life expectancyand to validate using a hardware implementation. Various scenarios includingsleepy end devices in a wireless sensor network are modelled and validated; theserange from variable wake-up frequency and packet payload transmission to increasingnetwork contention with the addition of network load. A comprehensiveanalysis of the main factors contributing to wasteful energy usage is provided inthis thesis project, and it can be concluded that the model can estimate the batterylifetime under dierent testing scenarios with an error less than 5 %.
Det finns ett stort behov av energieffektivitet inom trådlös kommunikation, särskiltinom nätverk med bortfall och låg strömförbrukning där resursbegränsade enheternyttjas. Det här examensarbetet eftersträvar att lösa problemet med att modellerabatterilivslängden hos en sensoranordning med en låg driftcykel, som en del av etttrådlöst sensornätverk avsett för att tillämpas i smarta hus och byggnader. Modelleringi MATLAB kombinerat med experimentering används för att förutsäga denförväntade livslängden samt för att validera en hårdvaruimplementering. Flertaletscenarier med sovande noder modelleras och valideras, med allt från variabel uppvakningsfrekvensoch paketöverföring till ökande resurskonflikter med ytterligarebelastning på nätverket. I detta examensprojekt inkluderas en heltäckande analysav huvudorsakerna till energislöseriet hos enheterna och slutsatsen kan drasatt modellen kan beräkna batterilivslängden för olika testscenarier med mindre än5 % fel.

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Al-Rugaib, Thamer A. "Project information, office automation, and quality in building production process in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364258.

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Habeeb, Richard. "Improving the Security of Building Automation Systems Through an seL4-based Communication Framework." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7161.

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Existing Building Automation Systems (BASs) and Building Automation Networks (BANs) have been shown to have serious cybersecurity problems. Due to the safety-critical and interconnected nature of building subsystems, local and network access control needs to be finer grained, taking into consideration the varying criticality of applications running on heterogeneous devices. In this paper, we present a secure communication framework for BASs that 1) enforces rich access control policy for operating system services and objects, leveraging a microkernel-based architecture; 2) supports fine-grained network access control on a per-process basis; 3) unifies the security control of inter-device and intra-device communication using proxy processes; 4) tunnels legacy insecure communication protocols (e.g., BACnet) through a secure channel, such as SSL, in a manner transparent to legacy applications. We implemented the framework on seL4, a formally verified microkernel. We conducted extensive experiments and analysis to compare the performance and effectiveness of our communication systems against a traditional Linux-based implementation of the same control scenario. Our experiments show that the communication performance of our system is faster or comparable to the Linux-based architecture in embedded systems.

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Hoopes, Daniel M. "The ContexTable : building and testing an intelligent, context-aware kitchen table /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd396.pdf.

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Janes, Ricardo. "Estudo sobre sistemas de segurança em instalações elétricas automatizadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-29062009-181507/.

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Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre os principais sistemas de segurança utilizados em instalações elétricas automatizadas, com enfoque no controle de acesso físico, utilizando tecnologias biométricas. São apresentadas neste trabalho as principais características dos sistemas de segurança aplicados à detecção e combate de incêndios, ao controle do acesso físico, ao controle interno e externo da segurança, como circuitos fechados de televisão e controle de segurança perimetral, e as tecnologias biométricas que podem ser usadas para o controle de acesso de pessoas. É apresentado o desenvolvimento de um protótipo de baixo custo, utilizando tecnologia biométrica para o controle de acesso físico, assim como as principais vantagens e desvantagens, algoritmos e relações custo-benefício para o uso de biometria em sistemas de segurança. O estudo mostra que o uso da biometria como ferramenta para a melhoria dos sistemas de segurança existentes é uma tendência mundial, no entanto, existe uma preocupação crescente sobre a confidencialidade das informações biométricas das pessoas.
This work presents a study of the main security systems used in automatized electric installations, with approach in the physical access control, using biometric technologies. The main characteristics of the security systems applied to the detection and fire combat, to the physical access control, to the internal and external security control, as closed-circuits television and perimetral security control, and the biometric technologies are presented in this work that can be used for the people access control. The development of a low cost prototype is presented, using biometric technology for the physical access control, as well as the main advantages and disadvantages, algorithms and cost-benefit relations for the use of biometry in security systems. The study shows that the use of the biometry as tool for the existing security systems improvement is a world-wide trend, however, an increasing concern exists of the people biometric information confidentiality.

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Wolff, Sebastien Jean. "Statically Stable Assembly Sequence Generation And Structure Optimization For A Large Number Of Identical Building Blocks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14045.

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This work develops optimal assembly sequences for modular building blocks. The underlying concept is that an automated device could take a virtual shape such as a CAD file, and automatically decide how to physically build the shape using simple, identical building blocks. This entails deciding where to place blocks inside the shape and generating an efficient assembly sequence that a robot could use to build the shape. The blocks are defined in a general, parameterized manner such that the model can be easily modified in the future. The primary focus of this work is the development of methods for generating assembly sequences in a time-feasible manner that ensure static stability at each step of the assembly. Most existing research focuses on complete enumeration of every possible assembly sequence and evaluation of many possible sequences. This, however, is not practical for systems with a large number of parts for two reasons: (1) the number of possible assembly sequences is exponential in the number of parts, and (2) each static stability test is very time-consuming. The approach proposed here is to develop a multi-hierarchical rule-based approach to assembly sequences. This is accomplished by formalizing and justifying both high-level and mid-level assembly rules based on static considerations. Application of these rules helps develop assembly sequences rapidly. The assembly sequence is developed in a time-feasible manner according to the geometry of the structure, rather than evaluating statics along the way. This work only evaluates the static stability of each step of the assembly once. The behavior of the various rules is observed both numerically and through theory, and guidelines are developed to suggest which rules to apply. A secondary focus of this work is to introduce methods by which the inside of the structure can be optimized. This structure optimization research is implemented by genetic algorithms that solve the multi-objective optimization problem in two dimensions, and can be extended to three dimensions.

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Montebeller, Sidney José. "Estudo sobre o emprego de dispositivos sem fios - wireless na automação do ar condicionado e de outros sistemas prediais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-19092006-172438/.

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Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de tecnologias de comunicação sem fio e suas aplicações na automação predial. A principal motivação para a elaboração deste trabalho é o uso crescente dessas tecnologias em diversas áreas, principalmente em sistemas de automação industrial, comercial, residencial e predial. O uso de equipamentos como telefones celulares e notebooks, que possuem canais de comunicação sem fio (Bluetooth, 802.11b/g WiFi, etc.), também contribuiu para o aumento do interesse na pesquisa de soluções usando redes sem fio. Inicialmente são apresentadas e estudadas, de forma comparativa, as tecnologias existentes de comunicação sem fio. Em seguida, são apresentados os principais sistemas que podem ser automatizados dentro de um edifício inteligente e também exemplos de aplicações de uso das tecnologias sem fio. A demonstração do uso de dispositivos sem fio foi feita a partir de um protótipo. Esse protótipo foi elaborado com o objetivo de substituir sensores de temperatura de um sistema de ar condicionado. O consumo das baterias e a relação custo-benefício do sistema foram os principais itens avaliados. Este estudo pretende demonstrar que dispositivos sem fio podem ser mais uma opção na automação de edifícios e residências, podendo servir como solução, em vários casos, para problemas de infra-estrutura e de integração dos sistemas de automação.
This work presents a study of the wireless communication technologies and their applications to intelligent building automation systems. The main motivation for this work is the increasing use of wireless technologies in several areas, specifically industrial, commercial, residential and building automation. The use of equipments as cellular telephones and notebooks, provided by wireless communication channels (Bluetooth, 802.11b/g WiFi, etc.), has been contributing to the interest in the research of solutions related to this technology. Initially, the existent commercial technologies of some wireless communication systems are presented and studied, in a comparative way. The main systems that exist inside an automated intelligent building and examples of applications of the wireless technologies are presented. The use of wireless devices was depicted by means from a prototype, which was built up with the scope of substituting the sensor of temperature of an air conditioning system. The consumption of the batteries and the cost-benefit relationship of the system were the main items evaluated with the prototype. This study intends to demonstrate that wireless devices can be an interesting option for the automation of buildings and residences. In several cases, the use of these devices can be a solution for some of the infrastructure problems and for the integration of the automation systems.

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41

Simmonds, Daphne Marie. "Information Technology and Sustainability| An Empirical Study of the Value of the Building Automation System." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3722168.

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This study examines the environmental and economic effects of green information technology (IT). Green IT describes two sets of IT innovations: one set includes innovations that are implemented to reduce the environmental impact of IT services in organizations; and the other IT to reduce the environmental impact of other organizational processes. The two sets respond to the call for more environmentally friendly or “greener” organizational processes.

I developed and tested a preliminary model. The model applied the resource based view (RBV) of the firm (Wernerfelt 1984) the stakeholder theory (Freeman 1984) and included four constructs: (1) BAS implementation; environmental value conceived in a novel way as the conservation of electric energy in buildings; economic value -- from energy cost savings; and BAS complements. These four constructs formed three propositions: (1) BAS implementation is positively associated with environmental value; (2) environmental value is positively associated with economic value; and BAS complements moderate the relationship BAS implementation and environmental value.

The model was used to guide the investigation of three research questions: 1. What are the environmental and economic values of green IT? 2. How do green IT create the above values? 3. Are other dimensions of value created? If so, what are they?

The focal IT investigated was the building automation system – a system designed to conserve electric energy and decrease operational costs. The unit of analysis of the study was the facilities management team – the implementers of the system.

I collected data on a sample of six diverse cases of BAS implementations. The cases were diverse in terms of the BAS types, the building purposes, the building locations and the building occupancy and management. Two types of BAS were involved in the study, each with a different level of artificial intelligence: the more intelligent BAS self-reconfigured when changes in setpoints, for example, were necessary; the less intelligent BAS must be reconfigured by an engineer in similar circumstances.

There was also diversity in terms of the buildings in which the systems were implemented and the occupancy and management of the buildings. The buildings include: the corporate headquarters of a global telecommunications firm; university classrooms; a residence hall in a university; and three multi-tenanted office complexes. The building occupancy and management differ in that some buildings are owner-occupied and are managed in-house, while the others are leased and their management outsourced.

Data collection involved recorded semi-structured interviews of three sets of users in the organizations: building engineers; chief engineers; and property/facilities managers. The interviews were prearranged and were conducted onsite using an interview protocol. Each interview lasted approximately one hour and was conducted in one session. The data were transcribed and analyzed in Nvivo 10.

The findings showed support for the presence of the four constructs within the preliminary model as well as for the three propositions in the preliminary model. The data also revealed contextual details of the BAS implementation and BAS complements constructs. There were also new dimensions value including: unanticipated types of economic value (including savings from reduced labor demand; social value (comfort and safety for building occupants); and strategic value (knowledge used to position the organizations for greater efficiency and effectiveness). Overall, the value outcomes of the implementations can be summarized as short term social, environmental and economic value as well as strategic value – consistent with the concept of sustainable value defined by Hart et al. (1995).

Also, consistent with Zuboff’s (1985) description of the duality of intelligent IT systems -- the ability to informate and automate, the BAS implementation construct was found to include two distinct sources of value: equipment automation; and equipment information. The unanticipated value dimensions and types, as well as the sources of value were used to refine the research model.

The study therefore a preliminary theoretical model – the resource based view of the sustainable organization (RBV-SO) -- as well as contextual implementation details that can be used to guide future investigations of the value created by intelligent green IT systems such as the BAS, as well as measurement items that can be used to inform quantitative studies of these systems. The study also adds to the practical body of knowledge concerning green IT implementations in general and implementations of the BAS in particular, concerning: details of the information value – for example, for measuring the environmental impact of the system and for substantiating claims in the application for green funds available to organizations; and details of some key complementary resources that enhance value creation within the context.

Two major limitations of this study are: (1) a single coder was used in the analysis process and therefore no inter-coder reliability was established for the results; and (2) user perceptions rather than actual quantities were used to validate the findings.

Some future research prospects include: use of these findings to conduct a quantitative study of an intelligent system extended with, for example, investigation of the impact of external forces such as government regulations, environmental issue salience, and market forces on the value created by green IT (such as the BAS); and investigation of the impact over time of the development of the strategic capabilities enabled by the BAS on creation of value.

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42

Kruppa, Kai [Verfasser], and Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Sternberg. "Multilinear Design of Decentralized Controller Networks for Building Automation Systems / Kai Kruppa ; Betreuer: Harald Sternberg." Hamburg : HafenCity Universität Hamburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1185486917/34.

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Kruppa, Kai Verfasser], and Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] [Sternberg. "Multilinear Design of Decentralized Controller Networks for Building Automation Systems / Kai Kruppa ; Betreuer: Harald Sternberg." Hamburg : HafenCity Universität Hamburg, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:1373-opus-4959.

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44

Simmonds, Daphne Marie. "Information Technology & Sustainability: An Empirical Study of the Value of the Building Automation System." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5774.

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Abstract:

This study examines the environmental and economic effects of green information technology (IT). Green IT describes two sets of IT innovations: one set includes innovations that are implemented to reduce the environmental impact of IT services in organizations; and the other IT to reduce the environmental impact of other organizational processes. The two sets respond to the call for more environmentally friendly or “greener” organizational processes. I developed and tested a preliminary model. The model applied the resource based view (RBV) of the firm (Wernerfelt 1984) the stakeholder theory (Freeman 1984) and included four constructs: (1) BAS implementation; environmental value conceived in a novel way as the conservation of electric energy in buildings; economic value -- from energy cost savings; and BAS complements. These four constructs formed three propositions: (1) BAS implementation is positively associated with environmental value; (2) environmental value is positively associated with economic value; and BAS complements moderate the relationship BAS implementation and environmental value. The model was used to guide the investigation of three research questions: 1. What are the environmental and economic values of green IT? 2. How do green IT create the above values? 3. Are other dimensions of value created? If so, what are they? The focal IT investigated was the building automation system – a system designed to conserve electric energy and decrease operational costs. The unit of analysis of the study was the facilities management team – the implementers of the system. I collected data on a sample of six diverse cases of BAS implementations. The cases were diverse in terms of the BAS types, the building purposes, the building locations and the building occupancy and management. Two types of BAS were involved in the study, each with a different level of artificial intelligence: the more intelligent BAS self-reconfigured when changes in setpoints, for example, were necessary; the less intelligent BAS must be reconfigured by an engineer in similar circumstances. There was also diversity in terms of the buildings in which the systems were implemented and the occupancy and management of the buildings. The buildings include: the corporate headquarters of a global telecommunications firm; university classrooms; a residence hall in a university; and three multi-tenanted office complexes. The building occupancy and management differ in that some buildings are owner-occupied and are managed in-house, while the others are leased and their management outsourced. Data collection involved recorded semi-structured interviews of three sets of users in the organizations: building engineers; chief engineers; and property/facilities managers. The interviews were prearranged and were conducted onsite using an interview protocol. Each interview lasted approximately one hour and was conducted in one session. The data were transcribed and analyzed in Nvivo 10. The findings showed support for the presence of the four constructs within the preliminary model as well as for the three propositions in the preliminary model. The data also revealed contextual details of the BAS implementation and BAS complements constructs. There were also new dimensions value including: unanticipated types of economic value (including savings from reduced labor demand; social value (comfort and safety for building occupants); and strategic value (knowledge used to position the organizations for greater efficiency and effectiveness). Overall, the value outcomes of the implementations can be summarized as short term social, environmental and economic value as well as strategic value – consistent with the concept of sustainable value defined by Hart et al. (1995). Also, consistent with Zuboff’s (1985) description of the duality of intelligent IT systems -- the ability to informate and automate, the BAS implementation construct was found to include two distinct sources of value: equipment automation; and equipment information. The unanticipated value dimensions and types, as well as the sources of value were used to refine the research model. The study therefore a preliminary theoretical model – the resource based view of the sustainable organization (RBV-SO) -- as well as contextual implementation details that can be used to guide future investigations of the value created by intelligent green IT systems such as the BAS, as well as measurement items that can be used to inform quantitative studies of these systems. The study also adds to the practical body of knowledge concerning green IT implementations in general and implementations of the BAS in particular, concerning: details of the information value – for example, for measuring the environmental impact of the system and for substantiating claims in the application for green funds available to organizations; and details of some key complementary resources that enhance value creation within the context. Two major limitations of this study are: (1) a single coder was used in the analysis process and therefore no inter-coder reliability was established for the results; and (2) user perceptions rather than actual quantities were used to validate the findings. Some future research prospects include: use of these findings to conduct a quantitative study of an intelligent system extended with, for example, investigation of the impact of external forces such as government regulations, environmental issue salience, and market forces on the value created by green IT (such as the BAS); and investigation of the impact over time of the development of the strategic capabilities enabled by the BAS on creation of value.

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45

Kisselgof, Jakob, and Mao-Wei Nilsson. "An Application of Hardware-based and Software-based People Counters in Building Control and Automation." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-200569.

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46

Hoffmann, Peter. "On virtual commissioning of manufacturing systems : proposals for a systematic VC simulation study methodology and a new simulation model building approach." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2016. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/on-virtual-commissioning-of-manufacturing-systems(a4f3fdc4-56b5-4429-8432-b1975d09cf08).html.

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The development of manufacturing systems is faced with progressively tightening time frames, along with growing requirements on planning quality and engineering accuracy. These demands result from significant cost constraints, shortening of product life-cycles, increasing number of product variants and economic needs for rapid time-to-market. Thus, an efficient production ramp-up including the commissioning as the crucial part, becomes more and more important for engineering companies to stay profitable. Virtual Commissioning (VC) is widely considered as promising method to address the challenges associated with real commissioning, but the simulation model building necessary for VC is affiliated with considerable effort and required expertise. VC of manufacturing systems has been a research topic in academia and industry for far more than a decade. Positive results are reported from large companies e.g. from the automotive industry, which are mostly utilising the complex and costly suites of tools in the context of the Digital Factory, rarely from SMEs. However, in particular also SMEs are forced to improve their engineering and commissioning processes, but suites of tools and methodologies used in large companies are not reasonably transferable to SMEs. Rationale for the rare use of VC, besides its general complexity, are a high modelling effort to build the necessary virtual plant models and a lack of availability of methodologies for systematic implementation and reasonable execution of VC. Thus, the main goal of this research is the development of a new systematic simulation study methodology as general guideline for planning, implementation and execution of VC. It is intended to be notably beneficial for engineers from SMEs, as helpful guideline for planning, implementation and execution of VC and to facilitate the substantially high modelling effort required for VC of manufacturing systems. Besides clarifying the requirements and specifying an environment for VC, the criteria to select an appropriate simulation tool have been established. The proposed modular, component based simulation model building has been split into specified procedures for “Low-level Component Modelling”, to be conducted for the components of the decomposed real manufacturing system, and subsequent “High-level Plant Modelling” of the virtual manufacturing system. The applicability of these new approaches has been validated by planning, implementing and conducting a VC for a trackbound transportation system with self-driving transport cars on passive tracks, which is the major subsystem of the manufacturing system used as test-bed at the UASA Hannover. As one main result, a novel workflow for Low-level Component Modelling has been proposed that aims for the gradual relocation of this modelling task as far as possible to the origin of components, in the end the component manufacturers should provide together with the deliverable components their mechatronic component models. This is related to a novel proposal for exchangeable mechatronic component models and an outlined possible implementation with AutomationML.

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Folkesson, Patrik, and Robert Lönnroos. "Construction Automation : Assessment of State of the Art and Future Possibilities." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-39553.

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The world of automation has grown rapidly for the last four decades and it is driven by higher demands from users, technology development and maturity of technologies of industrial processes. Companies all over the world have automated their manufacturing processes which have led to billions of dollars in productivity and quality improvements. In the construction industry innovation transpires extremely slowly and a reluctance to implement new strategies and a low research and development budget also contribute to the slow innovation rate. Because of this, technical innovations such as automation solutions are uncommon in the construction industry. Methods and concepts from the manufacturing industry, such as lean principles and mass customization, have for some time tried to be implemented the construction industry to reach higher productivity. However, despite those efforts, automation solutions are not yet commonplace on the average construction site. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate existing and emerging automation solutions that could be used to automate on-site construction operations with the use of digital technologies. Empirical and theoretical studies were conducted. A literature study was conducted to gain knowledge regarding the construction industry and its digitalization and general level of automation. This was then complemented with an interview study, where Skanska AB’s Technical Specialist was one of the interviewees, in addition to being the company’s mentor for this thesis. Skanska served as an example of a representative construction company since it is one of the largest construction companies in the world. To widen the data collection, the interview study included several relevant companies where their representatives were interviewed regarding their own state of digitalization and automation. For guiding the purpose of the thesis, three research questions were formulated. The research for answering these questions led to the resulting findings regarding what is possible to automate on the construction site, what the benefits could be from implementing such solutions and what the challenges are which needs to be overcome. The results of these studies show that the construction industry is facing challenges regarding the implementation of automation solutions. Examples of this are the lack of data in general, safety concerns and project planning operations. The currently existing industrial robots, for example, are generally heavy with low lifting capacity to weight ratio which is not much of a problem in a manufacturing setting, but it makes for an imperfect fit in the construction industry, since movability and high lifting capacity is of interest for such implementations. This thesis provides knowledge of available technologies that can be used for implementing automation at the construction site as well as what benefits can be expected from successful implementations of such solutions, such as higher productivity, increased profitability and increased safety for both equipment and personnel.

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Senaras, Caglar. "An Automated Building Extraction Model Using Fuzzy K-nn Classifier From Monocular Aerial Images." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608853/index.pdf.

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The aim of this study is to develop an automated model to extract buildings from aerial images. The fuzzy k-NN classification method is used to extract the buildings by using color information. Also in the thesis, the advantages of the relevance feedback systems are discussed. The software, BuildingLS, is developed in C#. The model is evaluated in 5 different test areas with more than 700 building.

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Neves, Raïssa Pereira Alves de Azevêdo. "Espaços arquitetônicos de alta tecnologia: os edifícios inteligentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18131/tde-31012003-153007/.

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O presente trabalho destinou-se a fazer o estado da arte dos Edifícios Inteligentes, estudando os casos mais recentes e significativos e enfatizando as tecnologias utilizadas, sejam os sistemas com os novos materiais, equipamentos, o hardware e software; sejam os serviços que tais sistemas permitem, ou ainda as ferramentas de gestão tecnológica dos sistemas, elementos estes que só podem ser viáveis em função da utilização das novas tecnologias da telemática. Para entendimento do assunto, faz-se um levantamento cronológico dos casos existentes internacional e nacionalmente até os dias atuais e uma breve definição conceitual que visa clareza na comunicação com os leitores. No estudo de casos foram pesquisados quatro edifícios localizados na grande São Paulo. Aspectos como: projetos arquitetônico, urbanístico e dos postos de trabalho (com enfoque na produção direcionada aos edifícios de escritórios); características dos sistemas e serviços de automação predial e de gestão tecnológica e empresarial foram estudados profundamente. Os edifícios inteligentes são observados como suportes de serviços altamente tecnológicos, que estabelecem contato entre o "mundo virtual" dos controles automatizados e os cidadãos, e como indutores de modificações da vida cotidiana, o que produz reflexos no espaço físico da cidade.
The present assignement is intended to produce a state of art of inteligent buildings, studying the most recent and significant cases and also emphatising the technologie utilized, systems with new materials, equipments, hardwares and softwares; or even the services allowed by such systems, yet, the tools of systems technologic management. Such elements can only be feasibles by the utilisation of new telemathic's technologies. For a good understanding of this subject, we did a chronologic survey based on nattional and international existing cases till nowadays and a brief concept definition intended to make a clear communication with the readers. On this study of cases, four buildings located at São Paulo were researched. Aspects such as architetonics, urbanistics and work stations projects(with emphasis on production directed to offices buildings), systems and service's characteristics from building automation, technologic management and entrepeneurial aspects were deeply studied. Inteligent buildings are observed as highly technological service supports with establish contact between the "virtual world" from automatized controls and citizens, and as inductores of daily life modifications, producing reflexes on the city's physical spaces.

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Tibiriçá, Álvaro Messias Bigonha. "Uma arquitetura de software neuro-reativa para sistemas de automação do ambiente construído." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18149/tde-17012011-140731/.

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Esta tese propõe uma arquitetura de software neuro-reativa para sistemas de automação do ambiente construído. O objetivo é facilitar o desenvolvimento, a manutenção e a expansão desses sistemas, através de três requisitos norteadores: modularidade, flexibilidade e capacidade de integração das partes. Um modelo baseado em unidades chamadas de \"neurônios\" e de \"glândulas\" é proposto. Esses elementos fundamentais têm características reativas e podem ser combinados formando diferentes sistemas de automação. Uma versão da arquitetura proposta é programada na linguagem Java utilizando tecnologias como CORBA e MySQL. Por fim, uma casa fictícia é utilizada como exemplo para demonstrar a aplicação da arquitetura proposta.
This thesis presents a neuro-reactive software architecture applied to building automation systems. The objective is to make development, maintenance and ex-pansion of these systems easier through three main requirements: modularity, flex-ibility and parts integration capability. A model with units called neurons and glands is proposed. These fundamental elements have reactive characteristics and are combined to constitute automation systems. A version of proposed architecture is programmed in Java language using technologies like CORBA and MySQL. In the end, a fictitious home automation system is used as example.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Automation of the building'

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