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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Automation surprise

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Academic literature on the topic 'Automation surprise'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Automation surprise"

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de Boer, Robert J., and Karel Hurts. "Automation Surprise." Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors 7, no. 1 (April 2017): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000113.

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Abstract. Automation surprise (AS) has often been associated with aviation safety incidents. Although numerous laboratory studies have been conducted, few data are available from routine flight operations. A survey among a representative sample of 200 Dutch airline pilots was used to determine the prevalence of AS and the severity of its consequences, and to test some of the factors leading to AS. Results show that AS is a relatively widespread phenomenon that occurs three times per year per pilot on average but rarely has serious consequences. In less than 10% of the AS cases that were reviewed, an undesired aircraft state was induced. Reportable occurrences are estimated to occur only once every 1–3 years per pilot. Factors leading to a higher prevalence of AS include less flying experience, increasing complexity of the flight control mode, and flight duty periods of over 8 hr. It is concluded that AS is a manifestation of system and interface complexity rather than cognitive errors.

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KAWAMOTO, Hiromichi, and Hitoshi SOMA. "Driving Simulator Experiment on Automation Surprise." Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2016.25 (2016): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2016.25.1202.

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De Boer, Robert, and Sidney Dekker. "Models of Automation Surprise: Results of a Field Survey in Aviation." Safety 3, no. 3 (September 11, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety3030020.

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Ting, K. C. "Mechanization, Automation, and Computerization for Greenhouse Production." HortTechnology 2, no. 1 (January 1992): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.1.59.

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Availability and capability of labor have become dominating factors affecting agriculture's productivity and sustainability. Agricultural mechanization can substitute for human and animal physical power and improve operational uniformity. Automation complements mechanization by implementing the capabilities of automatic perception, reasoning, communication, and task planning. Fixed automation is traditionally cost-effective for mass production of standard items. In addition, flexible automation responds to make-to-order batch processing. The appropriateness of each automation type depends on the situation at hand. Because of their vast memory and high calculation speed, computers are highly effective for rapid information processing. Incorporating state-of-the-art hardware and software, computers can generate status reports, provide decision support, gather sensor signals, and/or instruct machines to perform physical work. It is no surprise, therefore, that computerization is essential to the evolutionary process, from mechanization through fixed automation to flexible automation. Fundamentals of agricultural mechanization, automation, and computerization applied to greenhouse production are discussed. Recent research activities conducted at Rutgers Univ. are presented for illustrative purposes.

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Valdiviezo-Abad, Cesibel, and Tiziano Bonini. "Intelligent automation in communication management." Doxa Comunicación. Revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales, no. 29 (December 2019): 169–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n29a9.

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New technologies have allowed the development of the industry, transforming it from 1.0 to the current, called 4.0 industry, which sees a rapid growth by the penetration of artificial intelligence and its various technologies that promise to surprise us all and invade the market and transform the world. Many of these technologies go hand in hand with intelligent automation that projects a large-scale transformation. Faced with this metamorphosis, in this article deepens on the intelligent automation and in a special way in the management of the communication of the organizations, reviewing the existing bibliography and deepening on it. In conclusion, we propose a much more clarified state of the question and a contribution to the scarce bibliography referring to the subject of study that can serve as a connector between the aforementioned theories and a projection of automation in the field of communication.

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Vakil, Sanjay S., and R. John Hansman. "Predictability as a Metric of Automation Complexity." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 41, no. 1 (October 1997): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107118139704100118.

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Current advanced commercial transport aircraft rely on Flight Management Systems. The increasing complexity of these systems has caused an increase in errors in interaction with aircraft automation. Previous research has focussed on identification of the elements of automation (mode structure, consistency, command languages and other) which may lead to faulty human-automation interactions. These approaches require the complex system to have underlying structure in an available and communicable form. In contrast, this paper discusses a more easily testable “end-to-end” metric which can be used independent of knowledge of this structure. The concept of predictability is presented as a candidate metric of the complexity of automation and is defined as a measure of how well an operator can anticipate what the system will do at some point in the future. In essence, this is a measure of the complement of how often a system will “surprise” an operator by acting in an unanticipated manner. The goal of this work is to identify areas of Flight Management Systems which have a strong impact on predictability to provide guidance in future designs and in current pilot training.

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Okedion, Mike Akhaze. "Restructuring and Automation of Security Model for Sustainable Development in Nigeria." UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 21, no. 3 (May 19, 2021): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v21i3.13.

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Nigeria has on daily basis experienced an upsurge of activities that threatens and endangers its national security. In recent times, the Nigerian nation suddenly metamorphosed into an abode of insecurity. Security is presently a major challenge in Nigeria especially in Northern Nigeria. Nigerians and non-Nigerians are killed on daily basis and in their numbers even the United Nations building and the Police Headquarters at the Federal Capital were bombed. Though the government claims to be on top of the situation, the problem persists. Despite its abundant oil wealth, there has been unimaginable level of lack of infrastructure, automated security amenities and negligible development generally. One of the major setbacks to development in Nigeria is insecurity. Until very recently, plethora of explanations on the crawling pace of development in Nigeria tends to pay infinitesimal attention to the centrality of security to national development. It is no surprise therefore that since 1999 when Nigeria returned to civil rule insecurity tends to have hampered national development. Security is evidently the pillar upon which every meaningful development could be achieved and sustained. In view of this scenario, the paper basically analyses and recommends ways of ascertaining the impact of automated and improved security model for sustainable development in Nigeria. It therefore concludes and recommends amongst others, the formulation and effective implementation of policies capable of addressing the root causes of insecurity in Nigeria. Keywords: Restructuring, Automation, Security Model, Development.

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Combefis, Sebastien, Dimitra Giannakopoulou, and Charles Pecheur. "Automatic Detection of Potential Automation Surprises for ADEPT Models." IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems 46, no. 2 (April 2016): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/thms.2015.2424851.

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Gonzalez, Gilbert. "DIVIDE OR CONVERGE?" Muma Case Review 1 (2016): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3581.

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Gilbert Gonzalez, founder and CEO of Mission Critical Solutions (MCS), was reflecting on the path forward for his company. MCS maintained and updated a five-year strategic plan each year since its inception in 1990. In the early years, the strategic plan focused on the key strategic factors (KSFs) and resulted in a narrow mission. Year after year, that focus on the KSFs was rewarded by the market. Doing the most important things well kept the organization focused and efficient. The consistently evolving mission of the organization necessitated adding new products, services, and solutions. In the early 1990s, deploying PCs, implementing local area networks (LANs), and providing onsite support met the challenges their customers faced. A few years later, the company’s clients’ needs led to the addition of a Wide Area Network (WAN) solution to aggregate offices and link applications. By 1996, information technologies (IT) and telecommunications began to converge. Common structured cable plants and digital trunks sharing voice and data traffic were new and mandatory elements of the clients’ solutions. Subtly, the technologies evolved and converged. Internet Protocol (IP) Telephony and Unified Communications converged onto the clients’ LAN/WAN networks. It was clear that most technology would speak IP in the future. In the early 2000s, building automation, audio video (AV), security, surveillance, and control system endpoints converged onto the network. The trend of unusual devices converging onto the network, also known as “the Internet of things,” will continue. Wireless innovations and mobility meant that technology could move not just around the facility, but also around the world. For MCS, the end result of this phenomenon was a group of specialized departments and teams: information technologies, passive cabling systems, electrical systems, building automation and controls, audio video, security and surveillance, and unified communications. All of these departments, staffed 200 associates strong, were coordinated by the project management team, and collaborated to meet the requirements of the company’s clients. Thus, the marketing elevator speech for MCS required a tall building! Their clients expressed surprise and confusion at the breadth of services offered. While the devices had converged, the clients’ perception of their vendors and providers had not. The question at hand was whether MCS should stay converged in a functional organization strategy with capability-based teams, or organize into separate standalone entities with unique identities and separate overheads, focusing more on the individual capability-based technology specialization.

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Sarter, Nadine B., and David D. Woods. "Team Play with a Powerful and Independent Agent: Operational Experiences and Automation Surprises on the Airbus A-320." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39, no. 4 (December 1997): 553–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872097778667997.

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Research and operational experience have shown that one of the major problems with pilot-automation interaction is a lack of mode awareness (i.e., the current and future status and behavior of the automation). As a result, pilots sometimes experience so-called automation surprises when the automation takes an unexpected action or fails to behave as anticipated. Alack of mode awareness and automation surprises can be viewed as symptoms of a mismatch between human and machine properties and capabilities. Changes in automation design can therefore be expected to affect the likelihood and nature of problems encountered by pilots. Previous studies have focused exclusively on early generation "glass cockpit" aircraft that were designed based on a similar automation philosophy. To find out whether similar difficulties with maintaining mode awareness are encountered on more advanced aircraft, a corpus of automation surprises was gathered from pilots of the Airbus A-320, an aircraft characterized by high levels of autonomy, authority, and complexity. To understand the underlying reasons for reported breakdowns in human-automation coordination, we also asked pilots about their monitoring strategies and their experiences with and attitude toward the unique design of flight controls on this aircraft.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Automation surprise"

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Feary, Michael. "Formal identification of automation surprise vulnerabilities in design." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427368.

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Rosén, Herbert. "Designing for anticipation : a graphicalrepresentation of automation behavior." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2301.

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This thesis is about the design and evaluation of a graphical display that aims at showing the behavior of a complex automated system in action. A problem with complex automation is that it sometimes surprises the user by performing actions that were not expected. The reason of this is poor communication of system activities. In order to study how to design for anticipative automation communication a prototype around automatic vehicle driving on highways was designed and evaluated. The design work focused on designing a display that contained anticipation as a use quality. This resulted in a display design that aimed at representing the working scene in such a way that the user would be able to recognize and compare the system view with the real situation. In order to accomplish this, three layers of information were merged together in the display, these layers were; the automaton’s image of how the world is seen, the way that image is perceived and interpreted in terms of system action necessity and out of that the actions that the system plans to perform in the near future. The evaluation of the design prototype showed that it was possible to anticipate system actions but that the information detail level was insufficient for the evaluators to completely trust system decisions. The evaluation also showed that trust can be created by letting the automaton represent the perception of the situation in such a way that the user is able to compare it to personal experience from performing the task manually. Anticipation can be created through showing what future the automaton is expecting and what actions that needs to be performed in order to reach or maintain the general system task or goal.

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Gelman, Gabriel E. "Comparison of model checking and simulation to examine aircraft system behavior." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49145.

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Automation surprises are examples of poor Human-Machine Interaction (HMI) where pilots were surprised by actions of the automation, which lead to dangerous situations during which pilots had to counteract the autopilot. To be able to identify problems that may arise between pilots and automation before implementation, methods are needed that can uncover potentially dangerous HMI early in the design process. In this work, two such methods, simulation and model checking, have been combined and compared to leverage the benefits of both. In the past, model checking has been successful at uncovering known automation surprises. Simulation, on the other hand, has been successful in the aviation domain and human factor issues. To be able to compare these two approaches, this work focused on a common case study involving a known automation surprise. The automation surprise that was examined, is linked to the former Airbus speed protection logic that caused aircraft on approach to change the flight mode, resulting in a sudden climb. The results provided by the model checking with SAL (Symbolic Analysis Laboratory) in a previous work, have been used to provide input for simulation. In this work, this automation surprise was simulated with the simulation platform WMC (Work Models that Compute) and compared to the corresponding results from SAL. By using the case study, this work provides a method to examine system behavior, such as automation surprises, using model checking and simulation in conjunction to leverage the benefits of both.

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Pizziol, Sergio. "Prédiction des conflits dans des systèmes homme-machine." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0039/document.

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Prédiction des conflits dans le systèmes homme-machine. Le travail fait partie de la recherche consacrée à des problèmes d'interaction homme-machine et aux conflits entre l'homme et la machine qui pourrait découler de ces situations
Conflict prediction in human-machine systems. The work is part of research devoted to problems of human-machine interaction and conflict between human and machine which may arise from such situations

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Books on the topic "Automation surprise"

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Woods, David D. Learning from automation surprises and "going sour" accidents: Progress on human-centered automation : final report. [Columbus, Ohio]: Ohio State University, Institute for Ergonomics, Cognitive Systems Engineering Laboratory, 1998.

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B, Sarter Nadine, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Learning from automation surprises and "going sour" accidents: Progress on human-centered automation : final report. [Columbus, Ohio]: Ohio State University, Institute for Ergonomics, Cognitive Systems Engineering Laboratory, 1998.

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Sharon, Robert, and Erik Eberhardt, eds. Guidelines for Slope Performance Monitoring. CSIRO Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486311002.

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Although most mining companies utilise systems for slope monitoring, experience indicates that mining operations continue to be surprised by the occurrence of adverse geotechnical events. A comprehensive and robust performance monitoring system is an essential component of slope management in an open pit mining operation. The development of such a system requires considerable expertise to ensure the monitoring system is effective and reliable. Written by instrumentation experts and geotechnical practitioners, Guidelines for Slope Performance Monitoring is an initiative of the Large Open Pit (LOP) Project and the fifth book in the Guidelines for Open Pit Slope Design series. Its 10 chapters present the process of establishing and operating a slope monitoring system; the fundamentals of pit slope monitoring instrumentation and methods; monitoring system operation; data acquisition, management and analysis; and utilising and communicating monitoring results. The implications of increased automation of mining operations are also discussed, including the future requirements of performance monitoring. Guidelines for Slope Performance Monitoring summarises leading mine industry practice in monitoring system design, implementation, system management, data management and reporting, and provides guidance for engineers, geologists, technicians and others responsible for geotechnical risk management.

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Book chapters on the topic "Automation surprise"

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Takahashi, Akihiko. "Supporting Event Prediction for Level 2 ADAS Users to Prevent Automation Surprises." In Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation, 238–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80012-3_29.

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Yulianto, Budi, and Shidarta. "Philosophy of Information Technology." In Rapid Automation, 1458–67. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8060-7.ch068.

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Technology moves from the sex toy to the sex robot, a sex doll with artificial intelligence (AI) implemented. It is not a surprise idea to move robot as a servant to a sexual partner. As AI becomes more advanced and interaction between human and robot becomes more personal, sex and marriage with robot could result in the future. The authors conducted survey to discuss current and future trend of sex robot, its advantages and disadvantages. This paper also presents falsification theorems and implications to business, human social, moral, and psychological life caused by sex robot. This paper closes the discussion with further works of important ethical issues to be considered with deontology or consequentialism, and suggests to concern of sex robot regulations rather than banning it.

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"Automation Surprises." In Joint Cognitive Systems, 113–42. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420005684.ch10.

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"Automation Surprises." In Joint Cognitive Systems, 123–52. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420005684-15.

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Trippe, Julia, and Robert Mauro. "Automation surprises in commercial aviation." In Advances in Aviation Psychology, Volume 2, 177–95. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315565712-9.

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Plat, Marielle. "Pilot‚Äôs Understanding Process when Coping with Automation Surprises." In Human Factors and Ergonomics, 727–52. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781410607775.ch30.

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Ono, Jumpei, and Takashi Ogata. "Surprise-Based Narrative Generation in an Automatic Narrative Generation Game." In Advances in Linguistics and Communication Studies, 162–85. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4775-4.ch004.

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The authors have been developing an automatic narrative generation game using the method of table-talk role playing game (TRPG) that is an analog game based on the interactive process by real humans. This system progresses by repeating of the interaction between a game master (GM) and players (PLs). Although the GM prepares a story as a basis of the process, the PLs can detail and change the story. A basic idea in this chapter is that a gap created through the interaction between the GM and the PLs, namely the gap between the original story by the GM and the changed story, gives various impressive effects for an interesting story or narrative, especially a kind of surprise. Based on the above basic idea, in a previous research the authors studied the relationships between gap and surprise, narrative or story techniques producing surprise, and so on using short stories really generated by the authors' narrative generation system.

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Schultz, Robert A. "Valuing Information Technology." In Contemporary Issues in Ethics and Information Technology, 144–57. IGI Global, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-779-9.ch011.

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Besides being of interest in its own right, the question of the value of information technology (IT) has ethical implications, primarily for policymakers and managers in organizations. IT professional duty and managerial duty require undertakings that have a reasonable expectation of improving the organization and its prospects. Since IT plays a complex role in providing benefits for an organization, and also since IT projects can fail in ways that have major negative impact on an organization, the valuation of IT impacts the ethical responsibilities of policymakers and managers. In the late 1980s, a number of researchers set out to quantify the value added to an organization by computerization or automation (two terms commonly used in those days). To their surprise, they found no or comparatively little value added. This result became known as the “Productivity Paradox” (Brynjollfson, 1992; Loveman, 1988; Roach, 1991). The ensuing discussion continued through the 1990s and beyond. Whatever else the discussion accomplished, it showed the complexity of questions about the value of information technology. There are cases in which IT has clearly added value to a particular organization at a particular time. It is also true that, in some cases, IT has added more than shareholder or monetary value so that from any social point of view, the result is positive. The World Wide Web is an example. The difficulty in assessing value comes when one tries to reach conclusions about the overall contribution of IT to the economy or to society. It is widely known that IT benefits are far from automatic and sometimes difficult or impossible to achieve. So, overall, do the benefits outweigh the costs? How do we go about answering this question? What are the appropriate points of view from which to determine value?1 The two main appropriate points of view are: 1. The user point of view. The user is whoever employs the technology, whether an individual, organization, or organizational department. 2. The socioeconomic point of view, which is the point of view of the society or economy, whatever promulgates overall economic policies. From the user point of view, typical questions would be as follows: • Individual: Is it worth it for me to purchase this firewall software? • Organization: Should we install ERP software companywide? What are the benefits and liabilities for the organization? Is the investment worth it? • Independent Department: Should we switch our production software to another company’s product? Again, what are the benefits and liabilities for the department? (In the background, there should be a procedure insuring that potential impacts for the rest of the organization are considered.)

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Koutlas, Anastasios, and Dimitrios I. Fotiadis. "Image Processing and Machine Learning Techniques for Facial Expression Recognition." In Handbook of Research on Advanced Techniques in Diagnostic Imaging and Biomedical Applications, 247–62. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-314-2.ch016.

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The aim of this chapter is to analyze the recent advances in image processing and machine learning techniques with respect to facial expression recognition. A comprehensive review of recently proposed methods is provided along with an analysis of the advantages and the shortcomings of existing systems. Moreover, an example for the automatic identification of basic emotions is presented: Active Shape Models are used to identify prominent features of the face; Gabor filters are used to represent facial geometry at selected locations of fiducial points and Artificial Neural Networks are used for the classification into the basic emotions (anger, surprise, fear, happiness, sadness, disgust, neutral); and finally, the future trends towards automatic facial expression recognition are described.

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Urquiza, Alfonso. "A Survey of Competency Management Software Information Systems in the Framework of Human Resources management." In Competencies in Organizational E-Learning, 41–82. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-343-2.ch003.

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One of the greatest surprises of the Internet economy is that far from replacing people, the use of advanced technology is confirming that Talent is the most valuable asset in today’s organizations. In this context, Competency Management(CM) Software automation practices become the most valuable business approach to define, measure and manage talent needs, the Human Capital of the organization. This Survey’s position is that CM process automation in competitive, knowledge intensive e-business oriented organizations, requires that IT addresses Software strategy in a comprehensive Human Resources Management(HRM) Framework. Core Competency management related applications are deployed in current corporate e-business transformation processes in association with the use of innovative Employee – facing relations management technology and reengineering most HR transactional Domain type of applications in place. The Chapter shows the CM Software evolution from a previous fragmented Market situation to a much more integrated scenario in which best of breed single-function oriented products preferences are now swiftly moving to the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) type of architecture.

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Conference papers on the topic "Automation surprise"

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Dehais, Frederic, Vsevolod Peysakhovich, Sébastien Scannella, Jennifer Fongue, and Thibault Gateau. ""Automation Surprise" in Aviation." In CHI '15: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702521.

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Ranganathan, A., and F. Dellaert. "Bayesian surprise and landmark detection." In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robot.2009.5152376.

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Maier, Werner, and Eckehard Steinbach. "Surprise-driven acquisition of visual object representations for cognitive mobile robots." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra.2011.5979718.

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Yu, Yuanlong, Jason Gu, and David W. Zhang. "An automatic method for detecting objects of interest in videos using surprise theory." In 2012 International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icinfa.2012.6246888.

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Kim, Seah, and Shin Yoo. "Multimodal Surprise Adequacy Analysis of Inputs for Natural Language Processing DNN Models." In 2021 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automation of Software Test (AST). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ast52587.2021.00017.

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Xu, Tingting, Quirin Muhlbauer, Stefan Sosnowski, Kolja Kuhnlenz, and Martin Buss. "Looking at the surprise: Bottom-up attentional control of an active camera system." In 2008 10th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2008.4795592.

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Maier, W., E. Mair, D. Burschka, and E. Steinbach. "Visual homing and surprise detection for cognitive mobile robots using image-based environment representations." In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robot.2009.5152547.

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Forero, Angie, and Celso P. Bottura. "Nonlinear Adaptive Estimation by Kernel Least Mean Square with Surprise Criterion and Parallel Hyperslab Projection along Affine Subspaces Algorithm." In 15th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006867803620368.

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Forero, Angie, and Celso P. Bottura. "Nonlinear Adaptive Estimation by Kernel Least Mean Square with Surprise Criterion and Parallel Hyperslab Projection along Affine Subspaces Algorithm." In 15th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006867803720378.

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Powell, J. "Future of Shipping." In International Conference on Marine Engineering and Technology Oman. London: IMarEST, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/icmet.oman.2019.029.

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Technology is changing and rapidly evolving many industries including shipping. Advances in information, telecommunication, computer, robotic, Artificial Intelligence, machine/deep learning technologies together with cutting edge automation are proliferating every facet of maritime industry and changes are expected to accelerate. However, challenges of new technologies, pace of change and wide spread automation have taken many by surprise. In maritime, the regulatory framework which has often been the cornerstone and by and large the driving force for change, albeit in response to an event or market forces or political pressure, is conspicuously missing and currently engaged in a race against time to catch up and rework the applicable Conventions. Despite early success, there are indeed numerous challenges for the new technologies to bed in and gain wider acceptance and recognition before being considered as a worthy and viable replacement for tried and tested designs on a global scale. Various projects developed thus far or undergoing development, are exclusively intended for coastal waters and therefore, subject to class and Flag national requirements and in the circumstance, rules and regulatory requirements are devised and enforced at national level, as deemed fit. Successful and historical Rolls Royce-Finferries autonomous operation of car ferry Falcon, underlined the arrival of new technologies and demonstrated that it is no longer a question of if but when, wide spread use of automation and autonomous systems are implemented on board. There are of course many hurdles to overcome but with the buzz, energy and willingness of stakeholders in maritime nations and scales of investment in research and development, it is only a matter of time before unmanned, semi-autonomous, autonomous vessels join the world fleet in numbers and set the trend for a new era in shipping. With steady and continuous growth in world trade and world fleet, indications are that current shortfall for officers will be multiplied by 2025. Although, there are no reliable records for total number of qualified seafarers worldwide and perhaps seafarers available for work, there will reportedly be a substantial shortfall in the number of officers by 2025, as per (BIMCO-ICS 2015) Manpower Report. This paper attempts to examine underlying reasons for introduction of new and viable technologies for potentially unmanned, semi and fully autonomous operations and its socioeconomic impact on seafarers and affiliated workforce.

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