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Journal articles on the topic 'Automobiles Catalytic converters'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Helmers, Eckard. "Platinum emission rate of automobiles with catalytic converters." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 4, no. 2 (June 1997): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02986288.

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2

Liu, Ping, and Jan Andersson. "Oxidation Mechanism of Ferritic Stainless Steel Used for Catalytic Converters in Automotive Exhaust Systems Studied by TEM." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 775–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760001076x.

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Emission of pollutants from automobiles is regarded as one of the major causes of air pollution in many cities around the world. However, the pollutants could be almost eliminated by using catalytic purification of exhaust gas, thus making a better environment. The metallic material for catalytic converters made of ferritic stainless steel, Sandvik 0C404 (20.0 Cr-5.0 Al-Fe balance in wt % plus the addition of rare earth elements), offers a number of advantages over a ceramic one: better thermal conductivity, higher mechanical strength and toughness, thinner walls, larger effective area, greate

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3

Ilie, Sorin, Adrian Miuţescu, Mircea Stoianovici, and Gabriela Mitran. "Recovery of Precious Metals from Catalytic Converters of Automobiles by Hydrometallurgical Solid-Liquid Extraction Processes." Advanced Materials Research 837 (November 2013): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.837.105.

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Today, among the basic requirements to be fulfilled by an automobile, those relating to environmental protection and recyclability are of great importance. This paper aims to present a new technological solution to recover rare metals - Platinum, Palladium and Rhodium - from automotive used catalysts, based on hydrometallurgical method of solid-liquid extraction. Following the theoretical and experimental researches, were established the technological sequences which must be carried for recovering precious metals from used automotive catalysts, in the pilot phase. The proposed technology has b

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4

Generowicz, Natalia, Joanna Kulczycka, Monika Partyka, and Kamil Saługa. "Key Challenges and Opportunities for an Effective Supply Chain System in the Catalyst Recycling Market–A Case Study of Poland." Resources 10, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10020013.

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Increasing public awareness about low emission and stricter standards has a significant impact on the industry. The use of catalytic converters provides one of the solutions to the problem of lowering the amount of exhaust fumes. As most catalytic converters contain a combination of the three metals Pt, Pd and Rh, the manufacture of catalysts for automobiles is the largest sector of demand for and consumption of PGMs (platinum group metals). In Poland, the recycling system for catalysts is still in the development stage, but there is a significant trend of increase mainly due to EU policy on t

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5

Chang, Yu-Hsien, and Cheng-hong Hong. "Some Applications of -Semigroups." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/968760.

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This study is originally motivated by the thermal balance equations for the gas and solid interphase heat-transfer for the fast-igniting catalytic converter of automobiles. Instead of solving this problem directly, we proved some results concerning the existence and uniqueness for abstract semilinear initial value problem by means of -semigroup theories on locally convex topological space. The most enjoyable here is that these results not only can be applied to solve the interphase heat-transfer for the fast-igniting catalytic converter of automobile under the situation of preheating at the en

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6

Karthikeyan, A. "Emission Control in Two Wheelers Using Magnesium Nanoparticle as a Catalyst." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.343.

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Automobile emission is considered as the major source of pollution. Two wheelers are the main contributors in that due to its large number. For controlling the pollution the available methods of are pre-pollution control and post pollution control. This work is based on the post pollution control method in two-wheeler automobiles using magnesium as a catalyst. To achieve this objective, an innovative design of catalytic converter for two-wheeler automobiles is proposed using magnesium nanoparticle as a catalyst. This proposed method aims in the prevention of environmental pollution contributed

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7

Hirata, K., R. Oda, S. Tanaka, H. Tanigawa, and J. Funaki. "Pressure-loss reduction and velocity-profile improvement in a catalytic converter by a flow deflector." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 222, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 455–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto682.

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In automobile exhaust systems, catalytic converters have become essential in reducing environmental pollution. However, the main components of catalytic converters produce large pressure drops in exhaust systems, which decrease engine power and increase fuel consumption. In addition to the need to reduce pressure loss, the flow passing through the catalytic substrate strate should be as uniform as possible, which provides a uniform thermal distribution and high catalytic conversion efficiency. The goal of the present study is simultaneously to reduce the pressure loss and to improve the flow d

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8

Malm, Jan-Olle, and Jan-Olov Bovin. "High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy of an automobile catalytic converter." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100174345.

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Understanding of catalytic processes requires detailed knowledge of the catalyst. As heterogeneous catalysis is a surface phenomena the understanding of the atomic surface structure of both the active material and the support material is of utmost importance. This work is a high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) study of different phases found in a used automobile catalytic converter.The high resolution micrographs were obtained with a JEM-4000EX working with a structural resolution better than 0.17 nm and equipped with a Gatan 622 TV-camera with an image intensifier. Some work (e.g. EDS-a

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9

Syed Bahari, Syed Najib, and Wan Ahmad Wan Yusoff. "Quality Improvement in Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) System Using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) Methodology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 165 (April 2012): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.165.290.

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This paper intends to present the application of FMEA method on Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) system. Catalytic converter of auto-exhaust emission is one of the most successful applications of heterogeneous catalysis, both in commercial and environmental point of view. FMEA method will be applied to this system to quantitatively determine and evaluate its risk factors. This method is being employed effectively for identifying and addressing what potentially could go wrong with a product or process. It is expected to enhance the lifetime of the TWC by improving its resistance to deactivat

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10

Baba, Naoki, Katsuyuki Ohsawa, Kiyomi Iida, and Shinobu Ishida. "Analysis of Transient Thermal Characteristics of Automobile Catalytic Converters." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 61, no. 590 (1995): 3622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.61.3622.

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11

Sui, Tian Zhong, Lei Wang, and Yang Wang. "Flow Filed Simulation Analysis and Structural Optimization of Automotive Catalytic Converter." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 899–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.899.

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Catalytic converter is an important device of automobile engine exhaust system. Based on Hydromechanics, the relational mathematical models of catalytic converter simulation are established and the parameters are calculated. Making use of CFD numerical simulation method, a simulation is set up for the internal flow field of catalytic converter original model using fluent software. From the simulation, the internal flow characteristic is understood. On the basis of this, through the optimization idea adding a guiding device in inlet cone of catalytic converter, the uniformity of velocity of flo

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12

Weng-Sieh, Zara, Ronald Gronsky та Alexis T. Bell. "Microstructural evolution of γ-alumina supported rhodium catalysts". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (13 серпня 1995): 400–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100138373.

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In an era of increasing environmental awareness, stricter federal and state regulation of pollutant emissions are emerging. A major source of pollution arises from automobiles which inadvertently form gaseous products such as nitric oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons (HC). Since the early 1980's, these effluents have been converted to safer forms using a three-way catalytic converter that employs a high dispersion of rhodium and platinum particles supported on a large surface area of transitional γ-phase alumina. Unfortunately such a converter is susceptible to decreased perfo

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13

Vossberg, Bradley, and Judah Skolnick. "The Role of Catalytic Converters in Automobile Carbon Monoxide Poisoning." Chest 115, no. 2 (February 1999): 580–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.115.2.580.

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14

Zimmermann, S., A. von Bohlen, J. Messerschmidt, and B. Sures. "Accumulation of the precious metals platinum, palladium and rhodium from automobile catalytic converters in Paratenuisentis ambiguus as compared with its fish host, Anguilla anguilla." Journal of Helminthology 79, no. 1 (March 2005): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2004261.

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AbstractThe platinum group metals (PGM) Pt, Pd and Rh are emitted into the environment mainly by catalytic exhaust gas converters of cars. As PGM accumulate in sediments of aquatic ecosystems, the study was focused on the uptake of the noble metals by European eels, Anguilla anguilla infected with the acanthocephalan Paratenuisentis ambiguus. Eels were exposed to ground catalytic converter material for six weeks. After exposure Pt and Pd were detected in the liver and kidney of the eels and in the parasites. Palladium was also found in fish muscle and intestine. No Rh uptake by the eel tissues

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15

Karthe, M., M. Tamilarasan, S. C. Prasanna, and A. Manikandan. "Experimental Investigation on Reduction of NO_X Emission Using Zeolite Coated Converter in CI Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 854 (October 2016): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.854.72.

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In the recent times, the issues of reduction of harmful pollutants emitted from an internal combustion engine have gained large prominence as a part of climate change and global warming. Automobile and power generation systems are identified to be one of the largest contributors to atmospheric pollution. Some of the major pollutants emitted from an engine are Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Carbon monoxide (CO), Unburnt Hydrocarbon (UBHC) and soot particles. This project work presents a new wash coat material is in the catalytic converter to be used for compressed ignition engine. Zeolite coated in

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16

Aguilar, M., A. Farran, and V. Marti´. "capillary electrophoretic determination of cyanide leaching solutions from automobile catalytic converters." Journal of Chromatography A 778, no. 1-2 (August 1997): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00327-0.

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17

Zhang, Yanlin, Robert W. Cattrall, Ian D. McKelvie, and Spas D. Kolev. "Gold, an alternative to platinum group metals in automobile catalytic converters." Gold Bulletin 44, no. 3 (August 27, 2011): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13404-011-0025-6.

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18

Karthickeyan, V., and P. Arulraj. "Experimental Investigation on Emission Characteristics of Catalytic Converter Using Different Wash Coat Material." Applied Mechanics and Materials 550 (May 2014): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.550.62.

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Almost all automobiles in the world are emitting a huge amount of exhaust gases to the atmosphere every day. These exhaust gas contains harmful substances like carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons, and other toxic substances. If these substances go on increasing they will cause several diseases like blood circulatory problem, lung diseases, bronchitis, blood cancer, etc. Also they may cause different environmental problems like acid rain, green house effect, etc. So, the emission of these substances should be controlled as far as possible. This project work presents a new catalyti

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19

Casinhas, Luı́s F., Maria de L. Fraser Monteiro, D. Liang, Ulrich Boesl, Holger Nagel, and Eduard W. Schlag. "A pyrolysis cell as simulator for an automobile catalytic converter." Vacuum 52, no. 1-2 (January 1999): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-207x(98)00211-5.

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20

Malm, Jan-Olle, and Jan-Olov Bovin. "High resolution electron microscopy of a used automobile catalytic converter." Microscopy Microanalysis Microstructures 1, no. 5-6 (1990): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mmm:0199000105-6038700.

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21

Bovin, Jan-Olov. "Elemental mapping with EDX on a used automobile catalytic converter." Micron and Microscopica Acta 23, no. 1-2 (January 1992): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0739-6260(92)90109-q.

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22

Kadi, Mohammad W., Iqbal Ismail, Nadeem Ali, and Abdallah A. Shaltout. "Spectroscopic Assessment of Platinum Group Elements of PM10 Particles Sampled in Three Different Areas in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (May 11, 2020): 3339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093339.

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Platinum group elements (PGE) including Ru, Rh, Pt and Pd have been quantified in air particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal or less than 10 microns (PM10) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). PM10 aerosols have been collected from three sites representing various activities in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. These locations are residential site with heavy traffic, industrial site and heavy traffic and a light traffic site outside the city. To obtain reasonable data of the PGE concentrations, a group from 10 to 15 PM10 samples were collected every month. The a

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23

Botas, Juan A., Miguel A. Gutiérrez-Ortiz, M. Pilar González-Marcos, José A. González-Marcos, and Juan R. González-Velasco. "Kinetic considerations of three-way catalysis in automobile exhaust converters." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 32, no. 4 (August 2001): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-3373(01)00144-8.

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24

Li, Jun Ji. "Analysis of Catalytic Degradation Reaction Mechanism on Gasoline Engine Three-Way Catalysts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 628 (September 2014): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.628.249.

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The control of automobile exhaust emission has become one of the most important technologies for a modern vehicles. Catalytic conversion technology of three-way catalytic converter in the outer purification system is very mature and stable, which has been the first choice of exhaust emission control technology in China. The organic combination of the purification systems outside and inside machine can fully improve the performance and the fuel economy of vehicles on the basis of low emission levels.

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25

Kryl, David, Petr Kočí, Milan Kubíček, Miloš Marek, Teuvo Maunula, and Matti Härkönen. "Catalytic Converters for Automobile Diesel Engines with Adsorption of Hydrocarbons on Zeolites." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 44, no. 25 (December 2005): 9524–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie050249v.

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26

Faisal, Muhammad, Yoichi Atsuta, Hiroyuki Daimon, and Koichi Fujie. "Recovery of precious metals from spent automobile catalytic converters using supercritical carbon dioxide." Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering 3, no. 4 (July 2008): 364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apj.156.

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27

Sathishkumar, S. "Design and Analysis of Nano Based Catalytic Converter in Automobiles for Pollution Control." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology V, no. IV (April 30, 2017): 1564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.4277.

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28

Takigawa, A., A. Matsunami, and N. Arai. "Methane emission from automobile equipped with three-way catalytic converter while driving." Energy 30, no. 2-4 (February 2005): 461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2004.04.016.

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29

Selvaraj, J., S. Nitin Kumar, R. Ananda Raj, and B. S. Raj Santhosh. "Automobile Emission Reduction with Wet-Scrubber Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.805.

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Increasing automobile emission is becoming a major problem to our environment. The available solutions like catalytic convertors, exhaust gas recirculation are costly and energy intensive. This paper examines the viability of the wet scrubber technology to reduce pollutants in the exhaust gas of the engine. This technology is already being used to reduce pollutants in static applications but not in the automobile sector. It passes the exhaust through a suitable solvent which dissolves some of the pollutants. But the problem in using these scrubbers for automobile emission control is their larg

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30

Roeb, Martin, Christian Sattler, Ruth Klüser, Nathalie Monnerie, Lamark de Oliveira, Athanasios G. Konstandopoulos, Christos Agrafiotis, et al. "Solar Hydrogen Production by a Two-Step Cycle Based on Mixed Iron Oxides." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 128, no. 2 (September 27, 2005): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2183804.

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A promising method for the conversion and storage of solar energy into hydrogen is the dissociation of water into oxygen and hydrogen, carried out via a two-step process using metal oxide redox systems such as mixed iron oxides, coated upon multi-channeled honeycomb ceramic supports capable of absorbing solar irradiation, in a configuration similar to that encountered in automobile exhaust catalytic converters. With this configuration, the whole process can be carried out in a single solar energy converter, the process temperature can be significantly lowered compared to other thermo-chemical

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31

Shepelev, V., A. Gritsenko, and G. Salimonenko. "Control of hydrocarbon emissions when changing the technical condition of the exhaust system of modern cars." FME Transactions 49, no. 3 (2021): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2103749s.

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The most applicable ICE monitoring method is selective control followed by individual corrections for the current technical condition. The combination of a gas analyzer installed individually in each collector, a motor tester, and a loader which provides test modes makes it possible to recognize failures of exhaust and other systems with high accuracy and to assign an individual corrective action to ensure specified environmental and economic parameters. We developed a generalized mathematical model of changes in the composition of exhaust gases depending on changes in the resistance of the ca

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32

Still, Joseph M., Edward Law, and Homer Pickens. "Burns Caused by the Ignition of Propane Gas by an Automobile Catalytic Converter." Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation 20, no. 3 (May 1999): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004630-199905000-00010.

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33

Lentinello, Richard A. "Motoring Madness." Mechanical Engineering 122, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2000-nov-3.

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This article highlights that the today automobile remains at the forefront of noteworthy technical achievements. Some of the more recent ideas that have emerged as a result of mankind’s quest for safety, efficiency and performance are the air bag, computer-controlled electronic fuel injection, run-flat tires and compact global positioning systems. Like most remarkable objects that are incessantly redesigned and refined until the end result meets, and often exceeds, the goal of the initial concept, the blueprint for the automobile actually started out as one man’s crusade—in this case, to produ

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34

Schäfer, J., and H. Puchelt. "Platinum-Group-Metals (PGM) emitted from automobile catalytic converters and their distribution in roadside soils." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 64, no. 1-3 (November 1998): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-6742(98)00040-5.

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35

Lustig, Sönnke, Shuliang Zang, Wolfgang Beck, and Peter Schramel. "Influence of micro-organisms on the dissolution of metallic platinum emitted by automobile catalytic converters." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 4, no. 3 (September 1997): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02986321.

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36

Nachtigall, D., H. Kock, S. Artelt, K. Levsen, G. W�nsch, T. R�hle, and R. Schl�gl. "Platinum solubility of a substance designed as a model for emissions of automobile catalytic converters." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 354, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1996): 742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0021663540742.

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37

Miller, A. L., D. Ginter, J. P. Seaba, S. K. Loyalka, and T. K. Ghosh. "A study to investigate the capability of adsorbents for reduction of cold-start emissions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 212, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407981526154.

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Most of the emissions (about 60 per cent) from automobiles occur during a cold start before the catalytic converter becomes active. The use of an adsorbent trap for temporary storage of emitted hydrocarbons before catalysts attain the light-off temperature in the converter has been investigated as a means for reduction of cold-start emissions. The hydrocarbon emissions can be reduced significantly if the hydrocarbons are retained by the trap until catalysts reach the light-off temperature. The effect of engine speed on the emission of NO x, CO and hydrocarbons and their subsequent retention in

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38

Fornalczyk, Agnieszka, Roman Przylucki, Sławomir Golak, and Mariola Saternus. "Modelling Methods of Magnetohydrodynamic Phenomena Occurring in a Channel of the Device Used to Wash out Spent Automotive Catalyst on Metallic Substrate by a Liquid Metal." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 566–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.566.

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The recovery of precious metals is necessary for environmental and economic reasons. Spent catalysts from automotive industry containing precious metals are very attractive recyclable material because as the devices. they have to be periodically renovated and eventually replaced. Among automotive catalysts withdrawn from use, these with metallic carrier constitute quite a big group. Metallic carriers are usually obtained from steel FeCrAl , which is covered by a layer of PGM acting as a catalyst. World literature describes a number of pyro-or hydrometallurgical methods used for recovery of pla

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39

Lucena, P., J. M. Vadillo, and J. J. Laserna. "Compositional Mapping of Poisoning Elements in Automobile Three-Way Catalytic Converters by Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometry." Applied Spectroscopy 55, no. 3 (March 2001): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702011951876.

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The use of laser-induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS) for generating two-dimensional (2D) multielemental distribution maps of poisoning agents in automobile three-way catalysts (TWCs) is discussed. A complete in-depth analysis of P, Zn, and Pb at different locations along the central channel of a used TWC in the gas flow direction was performed. The distribution maps for the metals in charge of the catalytic action and for the stabilizer of these metals—i.e., Pt, Pd, and Ce—are also presented. The 2D maps provide a fast, useful, and intuitive tool to visualize the selective distribution of po

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40

Krause, K. R., L. D. Schmidt, and P. S. Schabes-Retchkiman. "A High-resolution electron microscopy study of Rh/Ce on silica." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 1018–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100089408.

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Rhodium is responsible for the catalytic removal of NOx from automobile exhaust and along with other metals, is found in modern catalytic converters. Cerium is an important additive to these catalysts and has been suggested to promote the water-gas shift reaction, to provide oxygen storage, and to improve the thermal stability of the support. We have examined the microstructure of Rh/Ce on silica with several techniques and present results from HREM which provide direct evidence of interaction between Ce and Si in these catalysts.Planar SiO2 supports were prepared by vacuum depositing ∼20nm of

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41

Dokumaci, E. "Sound transmission in narrow pipes with superimposed uniform mean flow and acoustic modelling of automobile catalytic converters." Journal of Sound and Vibration 182, no. 5 (May 1995): 799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1995.0233.

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42

Mačala, Jozef, Iveta Pandová, and Anton Panda. "Zeolite as a prospective material for the purification of automobile exhaust gases." Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gospo-2017-0005.

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Abstract Examinations were carried out to investigate the effectiveness of natural zeolite clinoptilolite and its thermally activated and modified forms in decreasing the concentration of nitrogen oxides, the frequently monitored components of the environment, in automobile exhaust gases. Since nitrogen oxides contribute to the greenhouse effect, the public increases pressure on motor vehicle manufacturers to intensify their efforts toward the reduction of the relevant emissions. One option is the use of a combination of a conventional three-way catalytic converter with either a synthetic or m

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43

Dey, S., and G. Chandra Dhal. "Controlling carbon monoxide emissions from automobile vehicle exhaust using copper oxide catalysts in a catalytic converter." Materials Today Chemistry 17 (September 2020): 100282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2020.100282.

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44

Pukalskas, Saugirdas, Virginijus Švelnia, and Ričardas Vėgneris. "INVESTIGATION INTO THE POSSIBILITIES OF FUNCTIONING CATALYTIC CONVERTER / KATALIZINIO DEGINIŲ NEUTRALIZATORIAUS VEIKIMO GALIMYBIŲ TYRIMAS." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 4, no. 4 (November 28, 2012): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2012.59.

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The paper considers the principles of catalyst operations and chemical reactions proceeding within. Also, the modes used for defining the efficiency of the catalyst are reviewed. Experimental investigation has been carried out to help with assessing the efficacy of the catalyst according to the concentration of noxious fractions and differences in temperature before and behind the catalyst. Nine Otto engine vehicles have been tested. The applicable contamination level and efficiency of catalyst performance of the vehicles have been set. The conclusion reveals that flowing gas temperature withi

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45

Sures, B., S. Zimmermann, C. Sonntag, D. Stüben, and H. Taraschewski. "The acanthocephalan Paratenuisentis ambiguus as a sensitive indicator of the precious metals Pt and Rh from automobile catalytic converters." Environmental Pollution 122, no. 3 (April 2003): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(02)00306-8.

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46

BIELACZYC, Piotr, Andrzej SZCZOTKA, Piotr PAJDOWSKI, and Joseph WOODBURN. "Development of automotive emissions testing equipment and test methods in response to legislative, technical and commercial requirements." Combustion Engines 152, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117010.

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Legislation regarding the reduction of harmful exhaust emissions, greenhouse gases and fuel consumption is one of the strongest drivers of development in automobile design. Strict legislation requires changes to engine calibration and hardware, but also to test facilities and emissions analysis systems; indeed, emissions standards in the European Union (EU), USA and Japan determine not only maximum permissible emissions factors, but also emissions testing methods and laboratory design. This paper is a continuation of [1], and presents the most recent additions to BOSMAL’s emissions testing lab

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Gosvami, N. N., J. A. Bares, F. Mangolini, A. R. Konicek, D. G. Yablon, and R. W. Carpick. "Mechanisms of antiwear tribofilm growth revealed in situ by single-asperity sliding contacts." Science 348, no. 6230 (March 12, 2015): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1258788.

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Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDPs) form antiwear tribofilms at sliding interfaces and are widely used as additives in automotive lubricants. The mechanisms governing the tribofilm growth are not well understood, which limits the development of replacements that offer better performance and are less likely to degrade automobile catalytic converters over time. Using atomic force microscopy in ZDDP-containing lubricant base stock at elevated temperatures, we monitored the growth and properties of the tribofilms in situ in well-defined single-asperity sliding nanocontacts. Surface-based nucleati

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Ghodrat, Maryam, M. Akbar Rhamdhani, Pezhman Sharafi, and Bijan Samali. "A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Recycling the Platinum Group Metals from Automobile Catalytic Converter: An Australian Perspective." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions E 4, no. 2-4 (July 21, 2017): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40553-017-0109-1.

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Crozier, Peter A., and Renu Sharma. "In Situ Oxidation and Reduction of Small Pd Particles on Silica." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 748–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600023862.

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Palladium based catalyst have technological applications in catalytic converters in automobile industry for the combustion of NOx and CO gasses. Pd can also adsorb up to 900 times its volume H2 and is useful for purifying H2. Electron holography studies with model Pd on silica catalysts [1] show that under some circumstances, the Pd particles may form voids. The reason for the formation of these voids and the conditions under which they are formed are not well understood. We have done in situ and ex situ studies on oxidation and reduction of similar model Pd/SiO2 to develop a better understand

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Shaikh, Sohel Khalil, Khizar Ahmed Pathan, Zakir Ilahi Chaudhary, and Sher Afghan Khan. "CFD Analysis of an Automobile Catalytic Converter to Obtain Flow Uniformity and to Minimize Pressure Drop Across the Monolith." CFD Letters 12, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.12.9.116128.

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