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Journal articles on the topic 'Automobiles, history'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Braun, Robert, and Richard Randell. "Getting Behind the Object We Love the Most." Transfers 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2021.110108.

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Recounted through artifacts, primarily automobiles, but also photographs, video, text, and automobile related installations, Cars: Accelerating the Modern World presented a history of the automobile from its beginnings—a restored 1896 Benz—to an imagined future represented by a “flying car.” The exhibition promised to help us navigate possible car futures based on what we can learn from the past.

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2

Fernandes, Gilberto. "As Ceaseless as the Sea: How Modern Construction Machines Disrupted Canadian Senses and Sensibilities, 1870s–1940s." Technology and Culture 65, no. 1 (January 2024): 211–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2024.a920521.

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abstract: Since the late nineteenth century, Canada has required modern construction machines for industrial growth. Thanks to their novelty and visibility, these machines entered the Canadian psyche, symbolizing hopes and fears about the relentless transformations of modernity. Metaphors depicting these machines as zoomorphic and monstruous reflected the environmental-technological infrastructures they built, which redefined nature through technologies like trains, ships, and automobiles. This article discusses how Anglo-Canadians, particularly Ontarians, interpreted technology, drawing parallels with the automobile's history. Both had a problematic coexistence with humans as equally empowering and oppressive mobile machines that were imposed on public spaces and constructed as necessary for progress. The builders used the machines' allure to present construction as an inclusive civic spectacle and foster public tolerance for their relentless disruptions. They accomplished this faster than the automobile industry came to dominate the streets, as evidenced by the celebration of "sidewalk superintendents," compared to the contentious reproach of "jaywalkers."

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3

Jones, David Arthur. "America’s Automobile: Affection or Obsession, Myth or Reality?" Review of International American Studies 14, no. 2 (December 19, 2021): 25–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/rias.11803.

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Mythology plays an important part of the role of the American automobile, less so in terms of its primary function that is transportation, more so in terms of an ancillary purpose: its metaphorical significance to both owner or operator and the onlooking public. Across much of the 20th century and continuing now into the third decade of the 21st century, the American automobile has undergone many design changes that have buttressed its metaphorical significance: become streamlined, gained then lost then partially regained size together with a colorful exterior, and in the 21st century become focused on an array of interior gadgets, some cast into hibernation because of an electronic chip scarcity resulting from trade wars and the Covid-19 pandemic. Many Americans seem to have almost become besotted by automobiles, including their own and those driven by others, because in some respects the American automobile has come to define its driver. Automobiles in the United States that are visually appealing symbolize affluence, material success, preoccupation with speed, including the rapid pace of social change, as well as, at least arguably, a lesser regard for protecting the environment. On balance, in the mindset of many Americans, the automobile is larger than life, “a mode of signification, a form” in contrast to a mere machine. Change in automotive design has been heralded as the talisman of a new generation of drivers. However, what is cause and what is effect? American automobiles conflate myth and reality; that which is together with that which might be sometime temporal frustrations with the American Dream.

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Bloomfield, Gerald T. "No Parking Here to Corner." Articles 18, no. 2 (August 7, 2013): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017752ar.

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The motor vehicle has been a powerful force reshaping cities in the 20th century. This study, with a focus on London, Ont., examines the role of the automobile in urban areas. Motorization, highway development, and the growth of the automotive business sector are considered in three phases of growth. Until the late 1930s the automobile could be accommodated within the existing urban structure with only comparatively minor changes. The increase of traffic congestion after this period, however, was a compelling force in the decentralization of activities to a new suburban zone. Wider ownership of automobiles in the 1950s resulted in greater consumer mobility, which in turn was a major contributor to the development of a new physical layout for London.

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5

Pawlowsky, Verena. "Luxury Item or Urgent Commercial Need?" Journal of Transport History 34, no. 2 (December 2013): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/tjth.34.2.6.

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The possession of an automobile prior to the Second World War was still an elite phenomenon, and the number of registered automobiles was low. Europe was no exception, especially Austria. Unusually detailed numerical vehicle registration data nevertheless show the growing importance of motorists as a target for motor vehicle advertising and as objects of official statistics in the 1930s. The paper uses the information to examine the affordability of automobility at that period of transition, automobile sales strategies and the use made of cars by Austrians in different occupations.

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6

Johnson, Ann. "The Culture of ABS." Mechanical Engineering 132, no. 09 (September 1, 2010): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2010-sep-1.

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This article explains features and advancements in the antilock braking systems (ABS). The ABS campaign is an example of the way that advertisements can inadvertently make engineering design seem like a process of fulfilling corporate visions. An antilock braking system monitors the rotating speed of an automobile’s wheels and, when it detects a too-rapid deceleration, momentarily releases the pressure applied to the brake. As ABS developed as a device, so did the community working on it. The problem at hand and the community addressing it were defined and evolved simultaneously. Initially, a community of about 50 researchers and design engineers formed around the problem of skidding automobiles. Electrical engineers from electronics firms, including Siemens and American Microsystems, joined the community by presenting papers at conferences on the use of purpose-design, solid-state microprocessors in cars. The challenge of introducing electronic control to the automobile industry, questionably reliable new technologies in general, was therefore shared by several companies that all moved to include integrated circuits and microprocessors in their designs. The real history of ABS presents a much more engaging picture of how engineers really bring products to market.

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7

E. Kizito, Anazia, Emmanuel Ojei, and M. D. Okpor. "A Fuzzy Logic-Based Automobile Fault Detection System Using Mamdani Algorithm." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) 12, no. 03 (March 21, 2024): 1081–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v12i03.ec06.

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Due to advancement and complexity of modern automobiles, fault detection has gone beyond manual or trial by error methods. The fault detection technologies in automotive industry is used to identify any potential or already existing fault in automobiles. Faults in automobiles are usually mechanical or electrical faults that may include airbag control unit, radiator, gearbox, transmission control unit, tyre pressure, brakes, air conditioner, cylinder casket, alternator, hubs malfunctions etc. Each fault has a specific or related sign and symptoms. There are several methods of fault detections in automobiles like the binary logic technique, the fuzzy logic method technique and artificial intelligence technique with different algorithms. In this research work, we employed a fuzzy logic based technique that uses a Mamdani Algorithm which presented a better fault detection mechanism. Mamdani’s algorithm was proposed by Ebrahim Mamdani as a fuzzy inference method which has a rule-bases that are more intuitive and easier to analyse and implement. Mamdani’s algorithm produces fuzzy sets that originate from fuzzy inference system’s output membership function for decision making. This research work is a web-based technology that was implemented using JavaScript, JQuery and SQL server, ASP.Net, Bootstrap 3.5 and CSS. The output of the system showed a greater improvement from other existing methods of fault detections in automobiles.

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Vinogradov, Boris. "Chinese-russian cooperation in the automobile field : experience and prospects 2000-2022." Entreprises et histoire 112, no. 3 (December 1, 2023): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/eh.112.0098.

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Cet article aborde la question de la présence des constructeurs automobiles chinois sur le marché russe. Sont analysés le positionnement et les difficultés que rencontrent les constructeurs chinois lors de leur entrée sur le marché russe. L’auteur examine le rôle des sanctions occidentales vis-à-vis de l’industrie automobile russe, notamment la manière dont les sanctions influencent la position des constructeurs chinois, sachant qu’officiellement, la Chine n’a jamais soutenu les sanctions contre la Russie. Enfin, l’auteur se concentre sur les changements causés par la guerre en Ukraine, qui a débuté en 2022. Cet événement a provoqué des changements tectoniques du marché automobile russe. Le départ des constructeurs occidentaux ouvre des perspectives importantes pour les constructeurs chinois dans le cas où les constructeurs occidentaux ne reviendraient pas sur le marché automobile russe dans un avenir proche.

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9

Greenstein, David E. "AssemblingFordizm: The Production of Automobiles, Americans, and Bolsheviks in Detroit and Early Soviet Russia." Comparative Studies in Society and History 56, no. 2 (April 2014): 259–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417514000048.

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AbstractThe expansion of the Ford Motor Company into Soviet Russia has been understood as part of a unidirectional spread of American economic power and cultural forms abroad following the First World War. This essay looks beyond the automobiles and manufacturing methods sent from Ford facilities in Detroit to the emerging Soviet automobile industry to examine multidirectional migrations of workers between Russia and the United States that underlay but sometimes collided with Ford's system. Workers, managers, engineers, and cultural, technical, and disciplinary knowledge moved back and forth between factories in Soviet Russia and the United States. Efforts to define, track, and shape workers in both countries as Americans, Russians, or Bolsheviks were integral to the construction of the products and methods that Ford sold. But many workers fell in between and contested these classifications and they often defied company attempts to create an efficient and homogeneous American workforce. In Russia, too, more than Soviet and American automobiles were produced: people and ideas were created that crossed and blurred boundaries between “American” and “Soviet.” There, “Fordizm” became a popular watchword among Soviet commentators and workers as a near-synonym for industrialization, mass production, and efficiency. Many saw it as a potentially valuable component of a new socialist world. These multidirectional movements, recorded in Ford Motor Company archives and related documents, suggest that rather than separate and alternative projects, Ford's burgeoning system to transform manufacturing and workers' lives in Detroit was linked to the Soviet revolutionary project to recreate life and work.

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Stankovic, Milan J. "Automotive factory ‘Crvena Zastava’: Yugoslav self-management socialism and challenges for national automobile industry." Journal of Transport History 39, no. 2 (March 14, 2018): 236–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022526618763597.

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In 1955 the Automotive Factory ‘Crvena Zastava’ (Red Flag factory) began to manufacture automobiles based on the FIAT license and became a driving force of the communist Yugoslavia transformation from an agrarian into industrialised, urban and motorised country. This paper explores Zastava’s experience of building and developing the Yugoslav automobile industry in the context of the Yugoslav self-management system from the 1950s to the 1980s. The article aims at showing that the concept of self-management was sensible in light of the multinational Yugoslavia break from the Soviet bloc, but that the net effect of its implementation proved problematic for the national automobile industry . Additionally, Zastava leadership attempts to achieve a larger industrial scale and financial autonomy clashed with the Yugoslavia trend towards decentralisation as much as the communist leadership’s fear of an alternative centre of power.

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11

Toyoda, E. "The history of Japanese automotive technology: My 60 years with automobiles." JSAE Review 19, no. 1 (January 1998): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0389-4304(97)00058-1.

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12

Tai, Sue-Yen Tjong Tjin. "Building Carriage, Wagon and Motor Vehicle Bodies in the Netherlands: The 1900–40 Transition." Journal of Transport History 36, no. 2 (December 2015): 188–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/tjth.36.2.4.

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During the motorisation boom in the Netherlands in the 1920s, Dutch wagonmakers started making bodies for motorised utility vehicles. Prior to this, luxury carriage builders already had made the transition to production of automobiles or the bodies for these new vehicles. For wagonmakers, the decline in demand for their traditional business and farm wagon and carts began after World War I. However, the automobile industry created many opportunities for them as well. Archival information shows that the Dutch trade associations and government agency Rijksnijverheidsdienst, played a key role in the innovation and retraining process by building a network, stimulating wagonmakers to modernise and retrain, and by transferring and developing knowledge.

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13

Foster, Mark S. "Buyways: Billboards, Automobiles, and the American Landscape (review)." Technology and Culture 45, no. 4 (2004): 857–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2004.0169.

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14

Gao, Wei Dong, Wei Jiang, Xiao Jun Wang, Zhang Min, and Tian Qi Xiong. "The Reconstruction of Lead Contamination History Using Tree Ring, Jinan, China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 1526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.1526.

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In this document we analysis the lead contamination in tree ring of Platycladus orientalis and Poplar, and found that lead concentrations in contaminated tree rings has a good relationship with industrial dust emissions and automobiles, the lead contamination in tree ring can reconstruction the lead contamination history of Jinan. The case study in Jinan, showed that trees can provide continuous monitoring data for assessment of trace metal pollution in the future.

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15

ZIMRING, CARL. "Review of Gudis, Buyways: Billboards, Automobiles, and the American Landscape." Pacific Historical Review 75, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2006.75.1.171.

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16

Ward, James A., and Donald Finlay Davis. "Consipicuous Production: Automobiles and Elites in Detroit, 1899-1933." Journal of American History 76, no. 3 (December 1989): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2936507.

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17

Sousa, M. Luísa, and Rafael Marques. "Political Transitions, Value Change and Motorisation in 1970s Portugal." Journal of Transport History 34, no. 1 (June 2013): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/tjth.34.1.2.

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During the revolutionary period of 1974–76, there was vigorous debate in Portugal regarding the role of automobiles in the desired new society. The dispute was reinforced by the first international oil crisis. Strong ideological rhetoric was deployed either to defend the potentially liberating role of the automobile or to condemn its ‘bourgeois' underpinnings. This debate influenced social movements, policies, perceptions and views of social actors, thus contributing to market distortions, a short-lived disappearance of luxury and sports cars and to the creation of new models deemed to be adapted to the ‘true’ needs of the Portuguese. It also contributed to changes in automobile assemblage industry, road policy and delays in the implementation of road safety measures. Environmental, safety and traffic concerns were subdued, for a while, by a more essentialist approach to car consumption, with opposing interests trying to define the social spirit of automobile ownership and usage. The political turmoil of the period and the lack of coherent and durable policies account for the period being an intermission and not the beginning of a new trend.

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18

Staudenmaier, John M., and Donald Finlay Davis. "Conspicuous Production: Automobiles and Elites in Detroit, 1899-1933." Technology and Culture 31, no. 2 (April 1990): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105677.

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19

Flink, James J., and Donald Finlay Davis. "Conspicuous Production: Automobiles and Elites in Detroit, 1899-1933." American Historical Review 95, no. 3 (June 1990): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2164481.

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20

Borg, Kevin L. "Introduction: Constructing Sociotechnical Environments—Aurality, Air Quality, and Automobiles." Technology and Culture 55, no. 2 (2014): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2014.0049.

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21

Kočík, Jozef. "Cybesecurity and Hacker Attacks on Automobiles." Security Dimensions 45, no. 45 (June 6, 2023): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.2502.

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This article focuses on thecurrent state of cyber security in theautomotive industry, its strengths and weaknesses. It examines thethreat potential of hacker attacks on automobiles, their infrastructure and connectivity. Thefirst part of thepaper focuses on cyber-attacks, threats and their implementation by hackers. Thenext part of thepaper considers thefinancial impact of cyber-attacks, theimpact on data breaches and vehicle theft. Thesecond half of thereport examines thedevelopment of security in this area, through analysis, defines thefocus of potential attacks in thenear future. Cybersecurity is more than just acurrent issue nowdays, as European legislation already in place requiring car manufacturers to produce cars that comply with these regulations.

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22

Rosiak, André, Thomas Gomes dos Santos, Diego Rafael Alba, and Lirio Schaeffer. "Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Forging of a Bimetallic Crosshead." Advances in Materials Science 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adms-2023-0021.

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Abstract The automobile sector has been making increasing efforts to reduce the weight of automobiles, aiming at mitigating pollutant gas emissions. The use of innovative concepts, such as bimetallic components, has become attractive because it makes it possible to increase the strength-to-weight ratio of the components. In this study, the hot forging of a bimetallic crosshead is investigated. In the process, a billet with a cylindrical core of the magnesium alloy AZ61 is enclosed with a hollow cylinder of the aluminum alloy AA 6351 and forged at 400°C. The objective is to reconcile the low density of Mg alloys with the high corrosion resistance of Al alloys. In parallel, a finite element analysis of the process was carried out.

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23

Bradbury, Oliver. "‘The luxury runs deep’: Which were the most luxurious cars of the 1970s?" Luxury Studies: The In Pursuit of Luxury Journal 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 59–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ipol_00020_1.

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I come to this topic for two reasons. I am possibly the world’s first automobile colour and trim historian. I am also the author of a book-length paper concerning design in the 1970s (interior design, product design, automobile design, architecture, etc.). It is these two research areas that have led me to write this article about the most luxurious cars of the 1970s, the decade that rediscovered luxury. 1970s car design was very much about investigating the car interior after so much previous emphasis on exterior design, and in this decade, car interiors became much more luxurious and generally comfortable across industry, not for just the top marques. The four cars under investigation here are Rolls-Royce Camargue, which was the most expensive car in the world when launched in 1975; Aston Martin Lagonda (four doors); Daimler Double-Six Vanden Plas; and Stutz Blackhawk. It is stating the obvious to say that automobile literature in the form of books and journals is a vast subject matter, and yet there was until recently not a single standalone study of a fundamental aspect of car design – colour and trim, one with universal application. This study being this author’s ‘Colour and trim design for automobiles, 1960–95, and that of recognising an uncharted genre in design history’ published in Aspects of Motoring History (2021, issue 17), the Journal of the Society of Automotive Historians in Britain. Literature invariably tends to be about styling or engineering concerns. Here is an opportunity to move beyond these old concerns into an uncharted territory.

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Clarsen, Georgine Wilhelmina. "Automobiles and Australian Modernisation: The Redex Around-Australia Trials of the 1950s." Australian Historical Studies 41, no. 3 (September 2010): 352–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2010.493948.

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Farmer, Jared, and Paul S. Sutter. "Driven Wild: How the Fight against Automobiles Launched the Modern Wilderness Movement." Western Historical Quarterly 34, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25047260.

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26

Murray, Alison. "Le tourisme Citroën au Sahara (1924-1925)." Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire 68, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ving.p2000.68n1.0095.

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Résumé Le projet CEGETAF/CITRACIT, un grand projet touristique conceptualisé et mis en place par André Citroën en 1924-1925, fut un échec total. Les hôtels construits en plein Sahara furent revendus à l'armée sans avoir jamais servi à l'accueil des touristes automobiles pour lesquels ils étaient destinés. Cependant, la conception et la mise en place de ce projet nous fournissent une étude de cas révélatrice des enjeux politiques et culturels d'une tentative de maîtrise à la fois géographique et symbolique de l'espace colonial français. Même si la réalisation de CITRACIT se révéla trop ambitieuse, finalement, pour permettre une réussite dans les conditions existantes, son histoire courte nous révèle la capacité de Citroën de s'emparer de la psychologie coloniale du moment. Mettant l'accent sur la rationalisation technique, plutôt que militaire, de l'Empire, et y attachant une part de rêve susceptible d'attirer un tourisme naissant, Citroën arriva à recevoir un soutien important de l'État français pour son projet de liaisons automobiles à travers le Sahara. Le silence qui suivit l'annulation de ce projet prestigieux et son occultation complète par une autre mission Citroën de la même époque, la Croisière noire, confirment également à quel point le capital symbolique attaché à l'espace colonial pouvait être facilement manipulé selon les besoins métropolitains du moment, parce que la réalité de l'Empire restait, pour la majorité du public français, inconnue.

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Von Zuben, Andre, Renato Nascimento, and Felipe Viana. "Visualizing Corrosion in Automobiles using Generative Adversarial Networks." Annual Conference of the PHM Society 12, no. 1 (November 3, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36001/phmconf.2020.v12i1.1148.

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Lucsko, David N. "Moving Violations: Automobiles, Experts, and Regulations in the United States by Lee Vinsel." Michigan Historical Review 46, no. 1 (2020): 190–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mhr.2020.0023.

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29

Schatzberg, Eric. "Symbolic Culture and Technological Change: The Cultural History of Aluminum as an Industrial Material." Enterprise & Society 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 226–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700012234.

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The history of aluminum illustrates how the concept of symbolic meanings can help connect culture with business history. Aluminum's symbolic meanings played a crucial role in its industrial history, largely through the enthusiasm that greeted the introduction and diffusion of the metal. Symbolic meanings influence technological innovation through their role in shaping expectations, a role understood by the historical actors who engage in struggles over the meanings of competing innovations. For aluminum, this struggle centered on the conflict between the material's two major meanings: aluminum as modern and aluminum as ersatz. This debate over meanings has played out differently in aviation, electric wiring, and automobiles.

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Manaba, Brighton, and Vuyo T. Hashe. "A review of composite leaf springs for automotive vehicles." MATEC Web of Conferences 347 (2021): 00031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134700031.

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In the quest to conserve natural resources and economic energy. Weight reduction has been the focus of auto-manufactures and the aerospace industry in the present day. Weight reduction can be archived primarily by introducing better design optimization, better material, and improved manufacturing processes. This approach by introducing composite materials into automobile industries, which has high strength to weight ratio and excellent corrosive resistance, can fulfil the requirement. This review paper investigates the use of composite materials in the design of leaf springs for automotive vehicles. The paper underscores the suitability of composite materials for leaf spring in automobiles and develops a new leaf spring design that optimizes weight reduction and strength. The review provides details regarding previous efforts conducted on the design of leaf springs while outlining the knowledge gap areas. This review commences with an introduction to leaf springs and a brief history of their development. Followed by the properties that make an excellent leaf spring, this helps narrow down the information required for further developments providing avenues for possible future research.

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Pante, Michael D. "Racialized Capacities and Transgressive Mobility." Transfers 4, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2014.040305.

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This article places race at the analytical center of a comparative urban transport history of early twentieth-century Singapore and Manila. It focuses on motorization, as seen in the influx and eventual dominance of streetcars and automobiles. The British and the American colonizers turned these Western-made vehicles into symbols of colonial modernity, defined in racialized terms. They regarded the different “Asiatics” as naturally ill-equipped to handle streetcars and automobiles, and when the colonized proved them wrong, the colonizers framed these acts using the racialist discourse of “potentiality.” Nevertheless, the native transport laborers appropriated motorized vehicles in ways that the colonizers did not imagine. Machines presented the natives a world of knowledge, which was maximized for financial gain. The acquisition of various forms of knowledge thus revealed a paradox of the civilizing mission: the colonizers exposed natives to the world of civilized knowledge, but the acquisition of this knowledge disrupted colonial discipline.

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32

Newman, George E., Sergey V. Blok, and Lance J. Rips. "Beliefs in afterlife as a by-product of persistence judgments." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29, no. 5 (October 2006): 480–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x06429101.

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We agree that supernatural beliefs are pervasive. However, we propose a more general account rooted in how people trace ordinary objects over time. Tracking identity involves attending to the causal history of an object, a process that may implicate hidden mechanisms. We discuss experiments in which participants exhibit the same “supernatural” beliefs when reasoning about the fates of cups and automobiles as those exhibited by Bering's participants when reasoning about spirits.

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33

Kwiatkowski, Phillip C., and Richard Wagner. "Golden Wheels: The Story of the Automobiles Made in Cleveland and Northeastern Ohio, 1892-1932." Michigan Historical Review 13, no. 2 (1987): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20173113.

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34

Davis, Donald Finlay. "Conspicuous Production: Automobiles and Elites in Detroit, 1899-1933." Labour / Le Travail 25 (1990): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25143399.

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35

Herron, John, and Paul S. Sutter. "Driven Wild: How the Fight against Automobiles Launched the Modern Wilderness Movement." Environmental History 8, no. 3 (July 2003): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3986218.

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36

Casper, Stephen T. "Lee Vinsel. Moving Violations: Automobiles, Experts, and Regulations in the United States." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 75, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 358–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jraa019.

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37

Esselborn, Stefan. "Moving Violations: Automobiles, Experts, and Regulations in the United States by Lee Vinsel." Technology and Culture 62, no. 1 (2021): 290–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2021.0031.

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38

Staudenmaier, John M. "Conspicuous Production: Automobiles and Elites in Detroit, 1899–1933 by Donald Finlay Davis." Technology and Culture 31, no. 2 (April 1990): 316–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.1990.0066.

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39

Rich, S. K. "Francois Dallegret's Astrological Automobiles: Occult Commodities for France in the 1960s." Oxford Art Journal 31, no. 1 (November 9, 2007): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxartj/kcn008.

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40

Jundt, Thomas, and Paul S. Sutter. "Driven Wild: How the Fight against Automobiles Launched the Modern Wilderness Movement." New England Quarterly 76, no. 2 (June 2003): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1559909.

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Casner, Stephen M., and Edwin L. Hutchins. "What Do We Tell the Drivers? Toward Minimum Driver Training Standards for Partially Automated Cars." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 13, no. 2 (March 8, 2019): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555343419830901.

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Each year, millions of automobile crashes occur when drivers fail to notice and respond to conflicts with other vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians. Today, manufacturers race to deploy automation technologies to help eliminate these mishaps. To date, little effort has been made to educate drivers about how these systems work or how they affect driver behavior. Driver education for automated systems amounts to additional pages in an owner’s manual that is known to be a seldom-used glove box reference. In this article, we review the history of automation deployed in the airline cockpit decades ago. We describe how automation helped avoid many common crash scenarios but at the same time gave rise to new kinds of crashes. It was only following a concerted effort to educate pilots about the automation, about themselves, and about the concept of a human-automation team that we reached the near-zero crash rate we enjoy today. Drawing parallels between the automation systems, the available pilot and driver research, and operational experience in both airplanes and automobiles, we outline knowledge standards for drivers of partially automated cars and argue that the safe operation of these vehicles will be enhanced by drivers’ incorporation of this knowledge in their everyday travels.

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Bauer, John T. "Navigating Without Road Maps: The Early Business of Automobile Route Guide Publishing in the United States." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-7-2018.

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In the United States, automobile route guides were important precursors to the road maps that Americans are familiar with today. Listing turn-by-turn directions between cities, they helped drivers navigate unmarked, local roads. This paper examines the early business of route guide publishing through the Official Automobile Blue Book series of guides. It focuses specifically on the expansion, contraction, and eventual decline of the Blue Book publishing empire and also the work of professional “pathfinders” that formed the company’s data-gathering infrastructure. Be- ginning in 1901 with only one volume, the series steadily grew until 1920, when thirteen volumes were required to record thousands of routes throughout the country. Bankruptcy and corporate restructuring in 1921 forced the publishers to condense the guide into a four-volume set in 1922. Competition from emerging sheet maps, along with the nationwide standardization of highway numbers, pushed a switch to an atlas format in 1926. Blue Books, however, could not remain competitive and disappeared after 1937. “Pathfinders” were employed by the publishers and equipped with reliable automobiles. Soon they developed a shorthand notation system for recording field notes and efficiently incorporating them into the development workflow. Although pathfinders did not call themselves cartographers, they were geographical data field collectors and considered their work to be an “art and a science,” much the same as modern-day cartographers. The paper concludes with some comments about the place of route guides in the history of American commercial cartography and draws some parallels between “pathfinders” and the digital road mappers of today.

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Park, Jeong-Gyu, and Hyung-Oh Lee. "Japanese Mobility Industry Trends and Toyota Motor Corporation Strategy." Korean-Japanese Economic and Management Association 101 (November 30, 2023): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46396/kjem..101.2.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to look at trends in the Japanese mobility industry, analyze Toyota Motor’s mobility strategy, and then seek implications for the Korean government and companies. The reason for looking at Japan’s industrial trends is that not only has Japan made various efforts early on in this field, but Korea is similar to Japan in demographic structure, and so there are many things to refer to from Japan’s industrial trends. Also, looking at Toyota Motor’s case in relation to corporate strategy, we can find that the company not only clearly presents its strategy as a mobility company, but is actually implementing it by launching various products and services. Research design, data, and methodology: As to the Japanese mobility industry trend, we first briefly look at the Japanese government’s policies, and then look at the trends by components of the mobility industry such as electric vehicles, autonomous driving, personal mobility, and flying cars. And regarding Toyota Motor’s mobility strategy, we look at electric vehicle strategies and development organizations, and look at strategies for each field, including automobiles, MaaS, personal mobility, and flying cars. Results: As a result of analyzing trends in the Japanese mobility industry, the following points were confirmed. At first, the basic direction of mobility policy in the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry was securing mobility services that provide new value, realizing carbon neutrality and reducing traffic accidents, and strengthening the industry’s international competitiveness. In the automobile industry, we find that the electrification of automobiles had a significant impact on the industrial structure, resulting in the weakening of the vertical division of labor and the advancement of the horizontal division of labor. In the mobility field, not only automobiles but also personal mobility plays an important role. The Japanese government was promoting deregulation in this field, and startups were playing a large role in the private sector. In addition, in the field of UAM, or flying cars, the government and the private sector were cooperating to improve various standards. In addition to industry trends, this study examined the strategy of Toyota Motor Corporation, and found that the company is advancing into each field that makes up the mobility industry and pursuing business in all directions. First, in the automobile sector, the company was a little late in moving to electric vehicles, but it set a new direction by announcing a large-scale electric vehicle investment plan in December 2021. In addition to investing in electric vehicles, the company was pursuing a transformation of its automobile business from hardware-centered to MaaS-centered, the key elements of which were MSPF and Autono-MaaS. The company also actively entered the personal mobility field and the UAM or flying car business. Implications: This study presented the following implications for Korea through consideration of the Japanese mobility industry. First, there is a need to actively refer to Japanese policies when establishing mobility-related policies at the Korean government level. Second, Korean companies also need to actively utilize the experience of Japanese companies, especially in the service sector, when establishing mobility strategies. Thirdly, there is a need for companies in the two countries to jointly solve social problems of both countries and to explore the global market through cooperation, and to this end, the government’s efforts to revitalize exchanges between companies from both countries are needed.

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Ignatovich, Iliya V. "The first steps to create domestic neutralizers of exhaust gases for automobiles and tractors." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 88, no. 6 (December 15, 2021): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-2021-6-6-14.

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The article describes the history of the development and creation of the first domestic neutralizers of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, which began with testing and research of foreign neutralizers. Sequential stages of design, study and testing of domestic converters for gasoline and diesel engines are considered. There are described the following processes: the process of developing methods for testing engines for toxicity and the process of creating estimated indicators and developing normative and technical documents in the field of toxicity of engines and vehicles.

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Lee, Yoori. "A Study on Success Factors of Upcycling Social Venture: A Case Analysis Using ERIS Model." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 45, no. 10 (October 31, 2023): 1083–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2023.10.45.10.1083.

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This study aims to identify success factors by applying the ERIS model to analyze the process of social ventures increasing the sustainable value of companies through upcycling businesses. To this end, a case analysis was conducted by applying an ERIS model that analyzes the performance of start-ups by selecting social ventures that conduct upcycling businesses using materials such as natural leather seats, seat belts, and airbags collected from automobile production processes and end-of-life automobiles. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the entrepreneur's ability to identify market opportunities and establish an initial system in entrepreneurial factors, build a consistent brand image by securing tangible and intangible resources as resource factors, adapt to competitive industrial environment based on competitiveness, and finally, create value by pursuing sustainability in all corporate activities in strategic factors. Conclusions and implications were drawn based on the above results.

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Nash, Margaret A. "“How to be Thankful for Being Free”: Searching for a Convergence of Discourses on Teaching Patriotism, Citizenship, and United States History." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 107, no. 1 (January 2005): 214–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810510700114.

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Immediately after the events of September 11, 2001, there was a dramatic upsurge in exhibitions of patriotism, most generally in the form of flags prominently displayed on houses, storefronts, and automobiles. There also was a renewed zeal for inculcating patriotic feelings in children at public schools across the country. This paper, based on a study of teacher credential candidates at a large urban midwestern university, suggests that there may be a need to create a new discourse of patriotism. Such a project might integrate patriotism, the discourse on citizenship education, and the discourse of multicultural education, into a coherent whole. This new discourse on patriotism might, then, ground the emotionalism of patriotism in the responsibility of citizenship, employing the critical thought generated in discourses of multiculturalism.

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Paul Dobryden. "Good Germans, Humane Automobiles: Redeeming Technological Modernity—In Those Days." Film & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Film and Television Studies 40, no. 1 (2010): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/flm.0.0137.

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Felice, Emanuele. "State Ownership and International Competitiveness: The Italian Finmeccanica from Alfa Romeo to Aerospace and Defense (1947–2007)." Enterprise & Society 11, no. 3 (September 2010): 594–635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700009307.

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The article reconstructs the history of the Italian state-owned holding Finmeccanica, which since its birth in 1948 lived through a number of corporate reorganizations (shipyards, automobiles with Alfa Romeo, energy) and is now one of the leading European companies in aerospace and defence. With reference to the history of the Italian state entrepreneurship, this case may be paradigmatic of the advent of a new era, characterized by partially privatized enterprises in sectors considered strategic which are successful in the international arena (Finmeccanica, ENI). The article shows that the aeronautics, space and electronics divisions began in the 1950s and as a result of their technological characteristics were kept relatively free from political interference, with a strong propensity to pursue internationalization and thus competitiveness. The conclusion is that, under certain conditions, state ownership may result effective in ensuring not only adequate financial resources, but also a proper managerial governance.

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Olney, Martha L. "Credit as a Production-Smoothing Device: The Case of Automobiles, 1913–1938." Journal of Economic History 49, no. 2 (June 1989): 377–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700008007.

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Credit financing of automobile sales and dealer inventories was provided primarily by hundreds of sales finance companies in the interwar United States. The few finance companies tied to auto manufacturers wrote 90 percent of credit business. Manufacturers initially established finance companies not to bolster retail sales but to finance dealers' wholesale inventory so manufacturers could lower average costs by smoothing seasonal production patterns. Moreover, until the Justice Department intervened, manufacturers apparently illegally coerced franchised dealers into using the manufacturer's preferred finance company rather than an independent.

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Qiu, Zurong, Yaohuan Lu, and Zhen Qiu. "Review of Ultrasonic Ranging Methods and Their Current Challenges." Micromachines 13, no. 4 (March 26, 2022): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13040520.

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Ultrasonic ranging has been widely used in automobiles, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), robots and other fields. With the appearance of micromachined ultrasonic transducers (MUTs), the application of ultrasonic ranging technology presents a more extensive trend. This review focuses on ultrasonic ranging technology and its development history and future trend. Going through the state-of-the-art ultrasonic ranging methods, this paper covers the principles of each method, the signal processing methodologies, the overall system performance as well as key ultrasonic transducer parameters. Moreover, the error sources and compensation methods of ultrasonic ranging systems are discussed. This review aims to give an overview of the ultrasonic ranging technology including its current development and challenges.

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