Relevant bibliographies by topics / Automobiles Human engineering

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Automobiles Human engineering'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Automobiles Human engineering"

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Ajovalasit, Marco, Ana Tajadura Jiménez, Arber Shabani, and Joseph Giacomin. "Human emotional response to steering wheel vibration in automobiles." International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration 9, no. 1/2 (2013): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvnv.2013.053820.

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Ajovalasit, Marco, and Joseph Giacomin. "Special Issue on Human Perception of Sound and Vibration in Automobiles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 224, no. 10 (October 2010): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440701022401001.

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Liang, Kai, and Haijun Zhao. "Application of Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs) in Active Sound Production System of Electric Automobiles." Shock and Vibration 2020 (October 28, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8888578.

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To improve the diversity and quality of sound mimicry of electric automobile engines, a generative adversarial network (GAN) model was used to construct an active sound production model for electric automobiles. The structure of each layer in the network in this model and the size of its convolution kernel were designed. The gradient descent in network training was optimized using the adaptive moment estimation (Adam) algorithm. To demonstrate the quality difference of the generated samples from different input signals, two GAN models with different inputs were constructed. The experimental results indicate that the model can accurately learn the characteristic distributions of raw audio signals. Results from a human ear auditory test show that the generated audio samples mimicked the real samples well, and a leave-one-out (LOO) test show that the diversity of the samples generated from the raw audio signals was higher than that of samples generated from a two-dimensional spectrogram.
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Tsugawa, Sadayuki. "Special Issue on Fundamental Technologies for ITS." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 13, no. 4 (August 20, 2001): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2001.p0339.

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Intelligent transport systems (ITS), a combination of IT(Information Technology) and TS (Transport Systems), solves problems such as accidents and congestion, lessening environmental impact and conserving energy. As conventional solutions to traffic issues became less and less effective, high-tech solutions have been sought. Preceding the term ITS, coined in 1994, were road transport informatics (RTI), advanced transport telematics (AT), and intelligent vehicle-highway systems (IVHS). In the mid-1980s, large ITS projects started in Europe, the US, and Japan, but the use of high-tech solutions emerged in the 1950s. As indicated above, ITS includes systems covering passenger-car safety and freight management, supported by a wide range of technologies including sensing, control, communications, and human factors. This special issue on ITS focuses on ITS technologies that share similarities with robotics and mechatronics. The papers in this issue are classed into sensing, control, simulation, and electric vehicles. Papers in sensing deal with the application of vehicle localization in automated driving, 3-dimensional localization with corner cubes and laser radar, vision-based passage detection, and night-time obstacle detection with machine vision. The technology presented in these papers is expected to play an important role in robotics and mechatronics. The 4 control papers include an overview on control algorithms for automated driving and 3 papers on control algorithms for lateral control, lane changing, and parking assistance. The major difference between mobile robots and automobiles is that, due to speed, the behavior of mobile robots can be described with kinematics, but that of automobiles must be described with dynamics. Nevertheless, control algorithms for automated automobiles are insightful in robotics. Simulation technologies are essential in ITS to present virtually situations difficult or not possible to realize in the real world. One paper deals with a driving simulator and the other with automobile traffic. The last area in this ITS issue is electric vehicles. Their handicaps can be overcome by ITS, leading to new road transport. The paper on electric vehicles introduces an experimental electric vehicle both educational and informative to readers planning electric vehicles to conduct experiments involving ITS. We thank those on the JSME Research Committee 179 for cooperation between human and systems in ITS for reviewing submitted papers.
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Palit, Shamik, and Chandrima Sinha Roy. "IoT in Safety and Security of Automobiles." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.b8222.1210220.

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This article is about IoT. The IoT on vehicles will be discussed. For an automobile for safety and security, I am making progress in making an IoT comparative analysis. A new web wave that is expected to rework our lives could be the Things Web (IoT). The Web has people connected andconnects Things to create flawless communication and pooling of intelligence. IoT could be an era of RIOTous, with the remarkable ability to control the world and the method we tend to live. It uses gadgets and sensors relating to the net, which produce new characteristics. In the age of modern international, we as the purchasers are leaning in the direction of smart vehicles and extra to make lifestyle easier. The Internet and society center states that 90% of accidents that occur around the place are caused by human errors and failures. We can reduce the error from the very least when we implement IoT on cars. In 2020, the Automobile Manufacturers ' Alliance forecast that 75% of cars are capable of using the internet and that unsecured devices can be accessible without difficulty, which is why it is important that safety is guaranteed in cars. This paper analyzes the various securities of IoT technologies in IoT.Then suggesting new security policy
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Warren, Roxanne. "Urban Oasis: Guideways and Greenways in the Human Environment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1521, no. 1 (January 1996): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152100115.

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Fixed guideway systems must, of necessity, be associated with densities of development that are sufficiently high to justify their installation. Where private automobiles are dominant, however, high densities are typically identified with environmental blight and traffic congestion, which are, in turn, instrumental in the exodus of the population to outlying areas and away from public transport. Residential development is key to the greater use of public transit, since it is at the home that the majority of all kinds of trips begin or end, and for residential development, environmental considerations are paramount. A synthesis of four elements is advocated: new, basically residential pedestrian zones of high to medium densities, with abundant landscaping throughout each zone and with linkage to peripheral parking and regional transit via short-range automated people movers.
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Kim, Kiduk, Ji-Hoon Jeong, Jeong-Hyun Cho, Sunghyun Kim, Jeonggoo Kang, Jeha Ryu, and Seong-Whan Lee. "Development of a Human-Display Interface with Vibrotactile Feedback for Real-World Assistive Applications." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020592.

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It is important to operate devices with control panels and touch screens assisted by haptic feedback in mobile environments such as driving automobiles and electric power wheelchairs. A lot of consideration is needed to give accurate haptic feedback, especially, presenting clear touch feedback to the elderly and people with reduced sensation is a very critical issue from healthcare and safety perspectives. In this study, we aimed to identify the perceptual characteristics for the frequency and direction of haptic vibration on the touch screen with vehicle-driving vibration and to propose an efficient haptic system based on these characteristics. As a result, we demonstrated that the detection threshold shift decreased at frequencies above 210 Hz due to the contact pressure during active touch, but the detection threshold shift increased at below 210 Hz. We found that the detection thresholds were 0.30–0.45 gpeak with similar sensitivity in the 80–270 Hz range. The haptic system implemented by reflecting the experimental results achieved characteristics suitable for use scenarios in automobiles. Ultimately, it could provide practical guidelines for the development of touch screens to give accurate touch feedback in the real-world environment.
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Nizamuddin, Nishara, and Ahed Abugabah. "Blockchain for automotive: An insight towards the IPFS blockchain-based auto insurance sector." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 2443. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i3.pp2443-2456.

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The advancing technology and industrial revolution have taken the automotive industry by storm in recent times. The auto sector’s constantly growing demand has paved the way for the automobile sector to embrace new technologies and disruptive innovations. The multi-trillion dollar, complex auto insurance sector is still stuck in the regulations of the past. Most of the customers still contact the insurance company by phone to buy new policies and process existing insurance claims. The customers still face the risk of fraudulent online brokers, as policies are mostly signed and processed on papers which often require human supervision, with a risk of error. The insurance sector faces a threat of failure due to losing and misconception of policies and information. We present a decentralized IPFS and blockchain-based framework for the auto insurance sector that regulates the activities in terms of insurance claims for automobiles and automates payments. This article also discusses how blockchain technology’s features can be useful for the decentralized autonomous vehicle’s ecosystem.
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Gao, Fei, Shi Zong, Zhi-Wu Han, Yang Xiao, and Zhen-Hai Gao. "Musculoskeletal computational analysis on muscle mechanical characteristics of drivers’ lumbar vertebras and legs in different sitting postures." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 66, no. 5 (May 2020): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.5.637.

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SUMMARY Using computer-aided engineering (CAE) in the concept design stage of automobiles has become a hotspot in human factor engineering research. Based on human musculoskeletal biomechanical computational software, a seated human-body musculoskeletal model was built to describe the natural sitting posture of a driver. The interaction between the driver and car in various combinations of seat-pan/back-rest inclination angles was analyzed using an inverse-dynamics approach. In order to find out the “most comfortable” driving posture of the seat-pan/back-rest, the effect of seat-pan/back-rest inclination angles on the muscle activity degree, and the intradiscal L4-L5 compression force were investigated. The results showed that a much larger back-rest inclination angle, approximately 15°, and a slight backward seat-pan, about 7°, may relieve muscle fatigue and provide more comfort while driving. Subsequently, according to the findings above, a preliminary driving-comfort function was constructed.
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Hutchinson, Harry. "Easy On The Gas." Mechanical Engineering 128, no. 07 (July 1, 2006): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2006-jul-1.

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This article presents details of a research that aims to make automobile industry run more efficiently. In order to reduce mass, Toyota is looking for new, lighter materials to replace traditional ones of comparable strength. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is studying techniques to reduce the fuel burned for air conditioning of automobiles, and getting help from a dummy that sweats. The lab's heat test dummy is called ADAM (from ‘advanced automotive manikin’), a one-of-a-kind creation built by Measurement Technology Northwest in Seattle to the laboratory's specifications. The manikin communicates with a finite element analysis model of the human body developed by the lab using software from Ansys in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. The model predicts the body's response to its environment-skin temperatures, for instance, and other physiological information-and communicates it to the manikin, which can actually sweat. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Colorado is winding up its work in a research project to develop hybrid technologies for heavy vehicles, especially the ones that spend much of the time running short distances between stops to deliver packages, to bus passengers, or to pick up the trash.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Automobiles Human engineering"

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Stenger, Travis D. "Pressure distribution in ergonomic car seats." CardinalScholar 1.0, 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1569028.

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The purpose of the present study was to assess the pressure distribution responses to three hour seating bouts in a standard car seat condition compared to a Comfort Motion Technology (CMT) car seat condition. Twelve males participated in the study. Subjects came in for two separate sessions no more than one week apart. Pressure distribution on the backrest and seat pan was assessed in a three hour seating bout. Pressure variables associated with increased seating comfort were collected across six distinct 28 minute cycles and then averaged across these six cycles. The pressure variables were contact area, peak contact pressure, and force. The CMT car seat condition exhibited greater back contact area (p= .003) and less back peak pressure (p= .003) than the standard car seat condition. In addition, the CMT car seat condition had greater seat peak pressure (p< .001) and greater back force (p< .001) than the standard car seat condition. In conclusion, the CMT car seat condition is more comfortable than the standard car seat condition.
School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Grant, Barry Steven. "An accuracy analysis of techniques for measuring the durations of in-car manual tasks." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05042010-020156/.

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Deniel, Jonathan. "Conscience du risque et automatisation de la conduite : de l’analyse des processus cognitifs en situation de changement de voie à la conception centrée sur l’humain d'un système d'automatisation human-like." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0445.

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La conduite automobile est une activité aussi complexe que répandue, parmi les manœuvres les plus courantes exécutées par les conducteurs nous trouvons le changement de voie (gls{CDV}) avec insertion entre des véhicules du trafic. Les progrès technologiques récents ouvrent la voie à une automatisation progressive des diverses composantes de l'activité de conduite dont, entre autre, le changement de voie.Nos objectifs dans ce travail de thèse en ingénierie cognitique étaient triples, (1) mieux comprendre et modéliser les processus cognitifs du conducteur à l'œuvre lors de la prise de décision et l'exécution d'un gls{CDV} en conduite manuelle (en particulier concernant l'évaluation subjective du risque) en vue d'alimenter le développement du modèle gls{COSMODRIVE} (cite{bellet2003}). (2) Concevoir et évaluer un automate textit{Human-like} capable d'exécuter un gls{CDV} à la manière d'un conducteur humain. Ce deuxième objectif permettant également de traiter de questionnements concernant l'acceptation de ce type d'automate. (3) Étudier les éventuels effets induits par l'utilisation de cette fonctionnalité d'automatisation du gls{CDV}, sur les décisions et jugements subjectifs lors de situations de gls{CDV} en conduite manuelle ultérieures.Pour atteindre ces objectifs, nous avons mis en place un protocole de recherche, sur la plate-forme de simulation V-HCD, divisé trois volets expérimentaux imbriqués et impliquant les mêmes participants pour chacun d'entre eux. Dans le cadre de ce protocole, les participants ont été invités dans un premier temps, à prendre des décisions de gls{CDV} et à évaluer le risque situationnel ainsi que l'acceptabilité d'un système d'automatisation de la manœuvre en conduite manuelle. Dans un second temps, à utiliser et évaluer un automate textit{Human-like} de la manœuvre de gls{CDV} et enfin dans un troisième temps, à conduire de nouveau manuellement et à prendre des décisions de gls{CDV} pour des situations de conduites spécialement paramétrées pour s'approcher de leur seuil de décision (estimé à partir d'une analyse en direct de leurs décisions lors de la première phase de conduite manuelle).Les résultats obtenus nous on permis d'identifier une stratégie d'insertion dans un espace du trafic lors du gls{CDV} permettant, sur la base de la théorie des zones enveloppes, d'expliquer la structuration des décisions d'exécution de la manœuvre. Concernant l'automate textit{Human-like} du gls{CDV} nous avons constaté une acceptation meilleure que prévue par les participants, y compris de la part des plus réfractaires au véhicule autonome. Nous avons aussi montré une diminution de l'estimation du risque de la situation et de la manœuvre lorsque celle-ci était exécutée par l'automate. Nous avons également, validé la dimension textit{Human-like} de la trajectoire de gls{CDV} de l'automate. Enfin, nous avons pu mettre en évidence la manifestation d'un effet induit par l'utilisation de l'automate lors de situations de gls{CDV} en conduite manuelle se traduisant par une diminution du seuil de décision et de l'évaluation du risque de la manœuvre pour ce seuil uniquement.Ces résultats tendent à montrer que la démarche de conception centrée sur l'humain de système d'automatisation de la conduite est prometteuse en terme d'acceptation de la technologie tout en présentant quelques effets induits potentiels à propos lesquels il faudra rester vigilant
Driving activity is both widespread and very complex. Among the most frequently executed manœuvres we identified the lane change (LC) with insertion between traffic vehicles. Current improvements in the field of driving automation are progressively paving the way for the gradual automation of the various components of the driving activity, including, among other things, lane changes.Our purposes in this thesis work in cognitive engineering were (1) to better understanding and contribution to the modeling of the driver's cognitive processes at work when making decisions and performing LC in manual driving (especially regarding the subjective risk assessment), in order to feed the development of the gls{COSMODRIVE} model (cites{bellet2003}). (2) Design and evaluate a textit{Human-like} automation capable of executing a LC as a human driver. This second objective also makes it possible to address questions about the acceptance of the behaviour of this type of automations. (3) Study the possible effects induced by the use of this LC automation, on decisions and judgments regarding lane change situations in subsequent manual driving situations.To achieve these objectives, we set up a research protocol (on the V-HCD driving simulation platform) divided into three intertwined experimental phases and involving the same participants for each of them. Participants were first invited to make decisions on LC and to assess the situational risk and acceptability of a hypothetical automated LC system. Then, in the second phase, they were invited to use and evaluate textit{Human-like} LC automation we designed for this experiment. Finally, in the last phase, participants were instructed to drive again manually and to make LC decisions in driving situations that were specially configured to approach their decision threshold (estimated from a direct analysis of their decisions during the first manual driving phase).The results obtained led us to identify a traffic merging strategy within the LC manœuvre allowing us, on the basis of the envelope zones theory, to explain the structure of the LC decisions. Concerning the human-like LC automation we found a better acceptance of the system by the participants than expected, even from the most reluctants to the autonomous vehicle. We also showed a decrease in the risk estimation of the situation and the manoeuvre when it was performed by the automation. We additionnaly validated the textit{Human-like} aspect of our automation's LC trajectory. Finally, we were able to highlight the occurence of an effect induced by the use of the automation during later manual driving LC situations. This induced effect was resulting in a lowering of the decision threshold as well as the risk assessment of the LC manoeuvre to be executed. These results suggest that the human-centred design approach to driving automation systems design is promising in terms of technology acceptance and adoption. However they may present some potential induced "side" effects that will require deeper investigation
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Mathern, Benoît. "Découverte interactive de connaissances à partir de traces d’activité : Synthèse d’automates pour l’analyse et la modélisation de l’activité de conduite automobile." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10041/document.

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Comprendre la genèse d’une situation de conduite requiert d’analyser les choixfaits par le conducteur au volant de son véhicule pendant l’activité de conduite, dans sacomplexité naturelle et dans sa dynamique située. Le LESCOT a développé le modèleCOSMODRIVE, fournissant un cadre conceptuel pour la simulation cognitive de l’activitéde conduite automobile. Pour exploiter ce modèle en simulation, il est nécessairede produire les connaissances liées à la situation de conduite sous forme d’un automatepar exemple. La conception d’un tel automate nécessite d’une part de disposer de donnéesissues de la conduite réelle, enregistrées sur un véhicule instrumenté et d’autrepart d’une expertise humaine pour les interpréter.Pour accompagner ce processus d’ingénierie des connaissances issues de l’analysed’activité, ce travail de thèse propose une méthode de découverte interactive deconnaissances à partir de traces d’activité. Les données de conduite automobile sontconsidérées comme des M-Traces, associant une sémantique explicite aux données,exploitées en tant que connaissances dans un Système à Base de Traces (SBT). Le SBTpermet de filtrer, transformer, reformuler et abstraire les séquences qui serviront à alimenterla synthèse de modèles automates de l’activité de conduite. Nous reprenons destechniques de fouille de workflow permettant de construire des automates (réseaux dePetri) à partir de logs. Ces techniques nécessitent des données complètes ou statistiquementreprésentatives. Or les données collectées à bord d’un véhicule en situationde conduite sont par nature des cas uniques, puisqu’aucune situation ne sera jamaisreproductible à l’identique, certaines situations particulièrement intéressantes pouvanten outre être très rarement observées. La gageure est alors de procéder à une forme degénéralisation sous la forme de modèle, à partir d’un nombre de cas limités, mais jugéspertinents, représentatifs, ou particulièrement révélateurs par des experts du domaine.Pour compléter la modélisation de telles situations, nous proposons donc de rendreinteractifs les algorithmes de synthèse de réseau de Petri à partir de traces, afin depermettre à des experts-analystes de guider ces algorithmes et de favoriser ainsi la découvertede connaissances pertinentes pour leur domaine d’expertise. Nous montreronscomment rendre interactifs l’algorithme α et l’algorithme α+ et comment généralisercette approche à d’autres algorithmes.Nous montrons comment l’utilisation d’un SBT et de la découverte interactived’automates impacte le cycle général de découverte de connaissances. Une méthodologieest proposée pour construire des modèles automates de l’activité de conduiteautomobile.Une étude de cas illustre la méthodologie en partant de données réelles de conduiteet en allant jusqu’à la construction de modèles avec un prototype logiciel développédans le cadre de cette thèse
Driving is a dynamic and complex activity. Understanding the origin of a driving situationrequires the analysis of the driver’s choices made while he/she drives. In addition,a driving situation has to be studied in its natural complexity and evolution. LESCOThas developed a model called COSMODRIVE, which provides a conceptual frameworkfor the cognitive simulation of the activity of car driving. In order to run themodel for a simulation, it is necessary to gather knowledge related to the driving situation,for example in the form of an automaton. The conception of such an automatonrequires : 1) the use of real data recorded in an instrumented car, and, 2) the use of humanexpertise to interpret these data. These data are considered in this thesis as activitytraces.The purpose of this thesis is to assist the Knowledge Engineering process of activityanalysis. The present thesis proposes a method to interactively discover knowledgefrom activity traces. For this purpose, data from car driving are considered as M-traces– which associate an explicit semantic to these data. This semantic is then used asknowledge in a Trace Based System. In a Trace Based System, M-traces can be filtered,transformed, reformulated, and abstracted. The resulting traces are then used as inputsin the production of an automaton model of the activity of driving. In this thesis,Workflow Mining techniques have been used to build automata (Petri nets) from logs.These techniques require complete or statistically representative data sets. However,data collected from instrumented vehicles are intrinsically unique, as no two drivingsituations will ever be identical. In addition, situations of particular interest, such ascritical situations, are rarely observed in instrumented vehicle studies. The challenge isthen to produce a model which is a form of generalisation from a limited set of cases,which have been judged by domain experts as being relevant and representative of whatactually happens.In the current thesis, algorithms synthesising Petri nets from traces have been madeinteractive, in order to achieve the modelling of such driving situations. This thenmakes it possible for experts to guide the algorithms and therefore to support the discoveryof knowledge relevant to the experts. The process involved in making the α-algorithm and the α+-algorithm interactive is discussed in the thesis in a way that canbe generalised to other algorithms.In addition, the current thesis illustrates how the use of a Trace Based System andthe interactive discovery of automata impacts the global cycle of Knowledge Discovery.A methodology is also proposed to build automaton models of the activity of cardriving. Finally, a case study is presented to illustrate how the proposed methodologycan be applied to real driving data in order to construct models with the softwaredeveloped in this thesis
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Du, Jinyan. "The development of a methodology for assessing industrial workstations using computer-aided ergonomics and digital human models." MSSTATE, 2005. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07222005-105440/.

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This study examined an existing industrial workstation at an automobile assembly plant using computer aided ergonomics and digital human models. The purpose of this evaluation was the development of a methodology useful for evaluating workstations to identify potential design issues that could result in musculoskeletal injury in a real work environment. An ergonomic risk assessment was conducted on a lifting task while being performed both manually and using an assist device. JACK digital human modeling and ergonomics software were used to conduct a computer-based ergonomic analysis. Four analysis tools in JACK (static strength analysis, rapid upper limb assessment, metabolic energy expenditure analysis and NIOSH lift analysis) were used to evaluate the potential injury risk of the current method of task performance and there is any difference between using and not using the assist device. Muscle activity was measured by electromyography (EMG) to identify physiological indicators of fatigue. Also, Borg¡¯s Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale was administered to obtain psychophysical data. Results of this study revealed that there were relative stresses on the trunk and arm areas when the task was performed manually. The results also suggest although using the assist device decreased injury risk potentially, use of the assist device had an adverse impact on the productivity of the assembly line. Based on the findings of this study, the methodology used appears to be an appropriate ergonomic analysis tool for assessing and predicting potential risks associated with the design of industrial workstations. Furthermore this methodology can be extended to designing and redesigning industrial workstations.
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Lempereur, Mathieu. "SIMULATION DU MOUVEMENT D'ENTRÉE DANS UN VÉHICULE AUTOMOBILE." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338087.

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Le travail de recherche présenté dans ce mémoire concerne la simulation cinématique du mouvement d'entrée dans un véhicule automobile. Plus spécialement, il vise à simuler le mouvement d'entrée des membres inférieurs et du tronc pour des sujets d'anthropométrie variable dans un habitacle fixe. La démarche proposée pour résoudre ce problème complexe se décline en 4 étapes. La première étape consiste à construire une base de mouvements « cohérents ». Pour cela, les angles articulaires estimés lors de l'entrée dans un véhicule sont corrigés de façon à faire suivre aux pieds, après reconstruction du mouvement, leurs trajectoires expérimentales. Dans la seconde étape, les mouvements d'entrée dans un véhicule automobile sont analysés afin d'identifier et de caractériser des classes de mouvements. Chaque classe est alors représentée par un sujet caractéristique. La troisième étape exploite cette connaissance sur le mouvement afin de modéliser une « partie » du mouvement à simuler. Cette partie regroupe les trajectoires tridimensionnelles des pieds et du centre de masse du tronc, ainsi que l'orientation spatiale du tronc qui peuvent ainsi être simulées pour un nouveau sujet. Enfin, sur cette base, la dernière étape consiste à déterminer par cinématique inverse l'évolution des angles articulaires permettant l'animation du modèle squelettique.
Des mouvements d'entrée dans un véhicule automobile ont été simulés pour les sujets caractéristiques et d'autres sujets de la base de mouvements. La comparaison avec les mouvements mesurés montre une bonne similarité, qui néanmoins se dégrade avec l'éloignement du sujet par rapport au sujet caractéristique. Des simulations de sujets fictifs montrent enfin les limites de l'outil développé.
Ce travail ouvre de nombreuses perspectives de recherche allant de l'amélioration du modèle squelettique de l'homme à la prise en compte de la dynamique pour estimer l'inconfort d'un mouvement généré par la simulation.
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Michaud, Darryl Joseph. "Driver Distraction in Microsimulation of a Mid-Block Pedestrian Crossing." Thesis, Portland State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10830985.

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Traffic simulation has become an invaluable part of the traffic engineering toolbox. However, the majority of driver models are designed to recreate traffic performance based on interactions among vehicles. In keeping with this pursuit, most are fundamentally built to avoid collisions. This limits the applicability of using these models for addressing safety concerns, especially those regarding pedestrian safety performance. However, by explicitly including some of the sources of human error, these limitations can, in theory, be overcome. While much work has been done toward including these human factors in simulation platforms, one key aspect of human behavior has been largely ignored: driver distraction.

This work presents a novel approach to inclusion of driver distraction in a microsimulation or agent-based model. Distributions of distraction events and inter-distraction periods are derived from eye-glance data collected during naturalistic driving studies. The developed model of distraction is implemented – along with perception errors, visual obstructions, and driver reaction times – in a simulated mid-block pedestrian crossing.

The results of this simulation demonstrate that excluding any of these human factors from the implemented driver model significantly alters conflict rates observed in the simulation. This finding suggests that inclusion of human factors is important in any microsimulation platforms used to analyze pedestrian safety performance.

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James, Jonathan Peter. "Field and laboratory analyses of manual tasks in the South African automotive industry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005199.

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The present study adopted a “field-laboratory-field” approach in the assessment of the efficacy of ergonomics interventions specific to two selected tasks evaluated in a South African automotive industry. Initial field testing was conducted in an Eastern Cape (South Africa) automotive plant where high risk areas were identified during walkthrough ergonomics surveys in conjunction with interaction with operators. Temporal factors and working postures of 12 industrial workers were recorded and observed, while physiological and perceptual responses were assessed. Two priority areas were focused upon for analysis, namely the Paintshop and Bodyshop with the former identified as being the more taxing of the two tasks. Responses of 30 students participating in rigourously controlled laboratory simulations were subsequently collected while completing the two tasks, namely the Paintshop Trolley Transfer (PTT) and Car Door Carriage (CDC) for participants. Working postures, kinematic, physiological and perceptual responses were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Following the laboratory experimentation a basic re-evaluation was conducted at the plant to assess whether the proposed changes had a positive effect on working postures, physiological and perceptual responses. The results of the preliminary field investigation revealed a prevalence of awkward working postures and excessive manual work in both areas. Laboratory experimentation revealed a notable reduction in task demands pre- versus post-intervention. The PTT mean lean angle for two-handed pre-intervention pulling observations of 23.7° (±3.51) was reduced to 13.9° (±2.21) post-intervention. Low back disorder (LBD) risk was reduced during the two-handed pull intervention (from 36.8% ±8.03 to 21.7% ±5.31). A significant decrement in heart rate responses from 103 bt.min-1 (±11.62) to 93 bt.min[superscript -1] (±11.77) was recorded during the two-handed symmetrical pushing intervention. The electromyography (EMG) responses for one-handed pushing and pulling pre-intervention showed the highest levels of muscular activity in the right medial deltoid due to an awkward and asymmetrical posture. CDC responses demonstrated that minor changes in the storage height of the door resulted in a significant reduction in sagittal flexion from 28.0° (±4.78) to 20.7° (±5.65). Predictions of average probability of LBD risk were significantly reduced from 50.3% (±5.91) to 39.8% (±5.10) for post-intervention car door lifting. In addition, the greatest reduction in EMG activity as a %MVC was achieved during sub-task ii (reduced from 35.1 to 13.7% and 30.5 to 13.9% for left and right erector spinae respectively) which was associated with the introduction of the transfer trolley for the door transfer phase of the CDC. Re-evaluation in the automotive plant revealed that the most notable change has been the implementation of automated ride on trolleys in the Paintshop. The Bodyshop area has also been modified to allow more effective job rotation and the step into the storage bin has been reduced via a “low-cost” stepping platform. Mean heart rate recordings were reduced from 94 (±9.77) bt.min[superscript -1] to 81 (±3.72) bt.min[superscript -1] in the Paintshop. Overall the results demonstrate the effect of “low-cost” interventions in reducing the physical stresses placed on workers in the automotive industry where much of the work is still done manually.
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Chevalot, Nicolas. "Caractérisation et simulation des mouvements d'atteinte par un opérateur humain en position assise en vue d'applications ergonomiques." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002198.

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La simulation de mouvements d'atteinte effectués par un opérateur assis est particulièrement utile pour les constructeurs d'automobiles. Elle permet d'améliorer l'ergonomie de l'habitacle et des commandes, le plus en amont possible dans la conception. Elle consiste à simuler un mouvement et à prédire son inconfort. Cependant, ce type de simulation se heurte à des problèmes pratiques et théoriques. Pour la partie pratique, une méthode de simulation générique et stable pour tout type de mouvement doit être mise en place. Faire un logiciel de simulation par types de mouvement est plus simple, mais devient vite fastidieux dès que le nombre de mouvements différents est important. Pour la partie théorique, il est jusqu'à présent nécessaire d'enregistrer une nouvelle base à chaque changement dans la définition de la tâche, si petit soit il. En essayant de comprendre comment un changement de tâche influe sur le mouvement, il pourrait être possible d'étendre le domaine de prédiction d'un type de mouvement à un autre type similaire. Deux expériences ont été réalisées pour tenter de pallier les problèmes évoqués précédemment. Pour la partie pratique, une expérience sur l'atteinte a été réalisée dans un environnement automobile. Elle comporte 13 catégories de tâches couramment effectuées par les conducteurs. Elle a permis de mettre au point un procédé de simulation réutilisable pour n'importe quel type de mouvement d'un sujet assis. Pour la partie théorique, une étude exploratoire sur l'impact de l'environnement et de la nature de la tâche sur le mouvement a été menée. Elle a permis d'identifier les facteurs qui sont susceptibles de modifier le mouvement et de comprendre la façon dont ils sont modifiés.
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Elliott, Andrew Brent. "Risk assessment and the effects of overhead work - an automotive industry example." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005211.

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The focus of this investigation was an analysis of the work demands being placed on South African automotive industry workers as there is a recognised problem with regard to the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Preliminary work was conducted to highlight the dominant risks and areas which elicited higher numbers of MSDs within the chosen automotive plant. An area of concern was highlighted through medical record analysis and the use of risk assessment tools, thereby prioritising the need for ergonomic intervention. In particular, the effects of varying restricted and overhead work heights on the biomechanical, physiological and psychophysical responses of an individual were investigated. Twenty-eight subjects were required to complete sixteen conditions. The conditions consisted of the adoption of restricted and upright overhead static postures, with half requiring the holding of four kilograms of weight in the hands and the remaining eight conditions having no weight. Testing was carried out using an electromyography unit, ergospirometer and a perceptual Body Discomfort Map and Scale. This involved a habituation and testing session. The results of the testing revealed the biomechanical and physiological responses were dependant on the change in height. Body discomfort was also shown to be variable over the changing height conditions. This indicates that there is a significant effect of height on an individual’s responses during overhead work. The extreme restricted (-200mm and -100mm) and upright (+300mm and +400mm) overhead conditions within this study were limiting, as they elicited the highest muscle activation, physiological responses and body discomfort ratings. Positions that are preferable to adopt, which were identified from the results in this study, indicate conditions closer to head height (0mm and +100mm) were favourable. The results therefore illustrate how awkward working postures during work are likely to elicit higher demands from an individual, which could lead to an increased risk for the development of a musculoskeletal disorder. The added factor of weight elicited significant results over all variables, excluding a respiratory The focus of this investigation was an analysis of the work demands being placed on South African automotive industry workers as there is a recognised problem with regard to the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Preliminary work was conducted to highlight the dominant risks and areas which elicited higher numbers of MSDs within the chosen automotive plant. An area of concern was highlighted through medical record analysis and the use of risk assessment tools, thereby prioritising the need for ergonomic intervention. In particular, the effects of varying restricted and overhead work heights on the biomechanical, physiological and psychophysical responses of an individual were investigated. Twenty-eight subjects were required to complete sixteen conditions. The conditions consisted of the adoption of restricted and upright overhead static postures, with half requiring the holding of four kilograms of weight in the hands and the remaining eight conditions having no weight. Testing was carried out using an electromyography unit, ergospirometer and a perceptual Body Discomfort Map and Scale. This involved a habituation and testing session. The results of the testing revealed the biomechanical and physiological responses were dependant on the change in height. Body discomfort was also shown to be variable over the changing height conditions. This indicates that there is a significant effect of height on an individual’s responses during overhead work. The extreme restricted (-200mm and -100mm) and upright (+300mm and +400mm) overhead conditions within this study were limiting, as they elicited the highest muscle activation, physiological responses and body discomfort ratings. Positions that are preferable to adopt, which were identified from the results in this study, indicate conditions closer to head height (0mm and +100mm) were favourable. The results therefore illustrate how awkward working postures during work are likely to elicit higher demands from an individual, which could lead to an increased risk for the development of a musculoskeletal disorder. The added factor of weight elicited significant results over all variables, excluding a respiratory individual.
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Books on the topic "Automobiles Human engineering"

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Human Error Avoidance Techniques Conference (1987 Washington, D.C.). Human Error Avoidance Techniques Conference proceedings. Warrendale, Pa: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1988.

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Stokes, Alan. Display technology: Human factors concepts. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1990.

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Browning, Jaclyn E., Jaclyn E. Browning, and Alexander K. McMann. Computational engineering: Design, development, and applications. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publisher's, 2010.

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Browning, Jaclyn E. Computational engineering: Design, development, and applications. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publisher's, 2010.

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Kember, Paul. Ergonomics of car control for disabled people: Report on Phase I of Project TRR/842/540. Cranfield, U.K: Work Organisation & Ergonomics Laboratory, College of Manufacturing, Cranfield Institute of Technology, 1987.

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Zaidel, David M. Specification of a methodology for investigating the human factors of advanced driver information systems. [Ottawa]: Transport Canada, 1991.

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Ergonomics in the automotive design process. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2011.

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International Conference, Vehicle Comfort and Ergonomics (3rd 1995 Bologna, Italy). 3rd International Conference, Vehicle Comfort and Ergonomics: Technical papers : March 29/30/31, 1995, Palazzo della Cultura e dei Congressi, Piazza della Costituzione 5c, Bologna (Italy). [Italy: Associazione Tecnica Dell'Automobile, Sezione Emilia-Romagna, 1995.

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United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and Comsis Corporation, eds. Preliminary human factors guidelines for crash avoidance warning devices. Washington, D.C.]: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1996.

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Maurer, Markus. Automotive Systems Engineering. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Automobiles Human engineering"

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Walrand, Jean. "Speech Recognition: A." In Probability in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 205–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49995-2_11.

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AbstractSpeech recognition can be formulated as the problem of guessing a sequence of words that produces a sequence of sounds. The human brain is remarkably good at solving this problem, even though the same words correspond to many different sounds, because of accents or characteristics of the voice. Moreover, the environment is always noisy, to that the listeners hear a corrupted version of the speech.Computers are getting much better at speech recognition and voice command systems are now common for smartphones (Siri), automobiles (GPS, music, and climate control), call centers, and dictation systems. In this chapter, we explain the main ideas behind the algorithms for speech recognition and for related applications.The starting point is a model of the random sequence (e.g., words) to be recognized and of how this sequence is related to the observation (e.g., voice). The main model is called a hidden Markov chain. The idea is that the successive parts of speech form a Markov chain and that each word maps randomly to some sounds. The same model is used to decode strings of symbols in communication systems.Section 11.1 is a general discussion of learning. The hidden Markov chain model used in speech recognition and in error decoding is introduced in Sect. 11.2. That section explains the Viterbi algorithm. Section 11.3 discusses expectation maximization and clustering algorithms. Section 11.4 covers learning for hidden Markov chains.
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ZHANG, Ping, Ya WEN, Quan YUAN, and Gen-wei ZHANG. "Comfort Analysis of Automobile Seats Based on 3D Human Models in SolidWorks." In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management 2014, 393–95. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-102-4_79.

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Cai, Zhihua, Fengchong Lan, Jiqing Chen, and Fuquan Zhao. "Development and Validation of a Finite Element Model of the Human Thoracic for Rib Fractures Prediction in Automobile Collisions." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 375–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33805-2_31.

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Sharma, R. "Sources of Active Ingredients for Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors." In Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors, 30–45. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901496-2.

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Metal corrosion is a grave problem, having deleterious effects on human health, the economy, the environment, and many engineering schemes, for example, automobiles, aircraft, naval vessels, and pipelines. For the confirmation of enduring reliability and stability of alloys and metals, corrosion-protective surfaces are of the greatest significance, for example, ions and water, through restraining their interactions with corrosive species. Though, their applied submissions are frequently bounded whichever through deprived mechanical robustness or else through the incapability to resist low surface tension liquids, for example, alcohols and oil. In this chapter, we have focused on diverse materials as sustainable corrosion inhibitors such as organic corrosion inhibitors, green corrosion inhibitors, and polymer-based corrosion inhibitors to protect materials from being corroded. Amongst them, we especially focus on green corrosion inhibitors as a consequence of simple manufacturing, easy availability, cost-effectiveness, and biodegradable nature.
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Bharti, Pawan Kumar, and R. K. Singh. "Research and Development in Automobile Windshield Waste (AWW)." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 196–217. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4921-6.ch009.

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The world over, efforts are being made for the safe disposal through development of cost-effective technologies to convert fast growing solid waste into useful products. In India, one such solid waste causing concern is the automobile windshield waste. The main sources of waste are automobile windshield manufacturers, dismantlers, recyclers, processors, etc. Automobile windshield waste emanating from various sources is a mixture of glass, PVB, additives, etc. The glass layer is fused with the PVB plastic film. Automobile windshield plastic film cannot be separated and is also not being recycled. At present, the reclaiming of PVB materials from automobile windshield waste is not being carried out in India. It is presently being thrown in dumpsites and land fill sites. It has negative impact both on human health and environment.
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Heller, Peter. "Technoethics." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 77–95. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6122-6.ch006.

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Technoethics relates to the impact of ethics in technology and technological change in biological, medical, military, engineering, and other applications. Accordingly, new questions arise about the moral right and wrong of corresponding technological issues. These, in turn, generate novel trade-offs, many of them controversial, involving the desirable versus undesirable ethical aspects of the new invention or innovation from a moral viewpoint. The discussion in this chapter suggests that frequently much can be said on both sides of an ethical argument and that therefore, at times, agonizing decisions must be made about which side has the greater moral merit based on numerous variables. The minicases sprinkled throughout the text and the longer automobile engineering case at the end are used as illustrations.
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Crane, Hewitt, Edwin Kinderman, and Ripudaman Malhotra. "Energy Needs to 2050." In A Cubic Mile of Oil. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195325546.003.0012.

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Having looked at the evolution of energy use and the current state of the energy industry in the previous chapters, we are now ready to make some projections for the future. As the famous Danish physicist Niels Bohr once said, “Prediction is very difficult, especially about the future.” Forecasts of human activity are fraught with uncertainty. This is clearly true of energy forecasts, given that regional and national economic, political, and social trends can change world energy use, as can scientific discoveries and engineering developments unanticipated when the forecast was made. Among the technological changes that have had the largest impact on our pattern of energy consumption, perhaps foremost is the development of the internal combustion engine in transportation, and the accompanying enormous increase in the use of petroleum. The mobility afforded to individuals by automobiles, trains, and later by airplanes greatly shrunk the world, bringing people and economies closer together but also in many cases, unfortunately, helping precipitate international conflicts. Perhaps equally important has been the rise in the use of electricity. The development of the electric power system and its extension beyond urban areas profoundly influenced the daily lives of everyone touched by it. Likewise, the discovery of semiconductors and their application in information technologies, including computers, the Internet, wireless personal communication, and space-based global communication, have altered the way we interact with one another and our surroundings. While the use of these technologies has increased the demand for energy—particularly electricity—it has also contributed immensely to our productivity and thus at the same time helped mitigate the increase. The discovery of atomic fission and its uses in peace and in war have had ramifications in the technological and geopolitical realm. Following the Second World War, great optimism prevailed as exemplified by the statement in 1954 attributed to Lewis Strauss, then chairman of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, that nuclear power will be “too cheap to meter.” The ability of nuclear power to deliver electricity abundantly and cheaply helped it become a significant contributor to global primary energy within 20 years.
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Liu, Juan. "Research on industry cluster competitiveness based on DEA-ridge regression two-step method—Taking the Hunan automobile industry cluster as an example." In Engineering Technology, Engineering Education and Engineering Management, 1025–29. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18566-236.

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Conference papers on the topic "Automobiles Human engineering"

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Freeman, Rachel, and Christine M. Haslegrave. "The Determination of Optimal Pedal Positioning for Automobiles Using Jack." In Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering Symposium. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-2149.

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Oh, Sangeun, Yongsu Jung, Ikjin Lee, and Namwoo Kang. "Design Automation by Integrating Generative Adversarial Networks and Topology Optimization." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85506.

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Recent advances in deep learning enable machines to learn existing designs by themselves and to create new designs. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are widely used to generate new images and data by unsupervised learning. Certain limitations exist in applying GANs directly to product designs. It requires a large amount of data, produces uneven output quality, and does not guarantee engineering performance. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a design automation process by combining GANs and topology optimization. The suggested process has been applied to the wheel design of automobiles and has shown that an aesthetically superior and technically meaningful design can be automatically generated without human interventions.
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Tucker, Julie, Mary Ernesti, and Akira Tokuhiro. "Quantifying the Metrics That Characterize Safety Culture of Three Engineered Systems." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22146.

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With potential energy shortages and increasing electricity demand, the nuclear energy option is being reconsidered in the United States. Public opinion will have a considerable voice in policy decisions that will “roadmap” the future of nuclear energy in this country. This report is an extension of the last author’s work on the “safety culture” associated with three engineered systems (automobiles, commercial airplanes, and nuclear power plants) in Japan and the United States. Safety culture, in brief is defined as a specifically developed culture based on societal and individual interpretations of the balance of real, perceived, and imagined risks versus the benefits drawn from utilizing a given engineered systems. The method of analysis is a modified scale analysis, with two fundamental eigenmetrics, time- (τ) and number-scales (N) that describe both engineered systems and human factors. The scale analysis approach is appropriate because human perception of risk, perception of benefit and level of (technological) acceptance are inherently subjective, therefore “fuzzy” and rarely quantifiable in exact magnitude. Perception of risk, expressed in terms of the psychometric factors “dread risk” and “unknown risk”, contains both time- and number-scale elements. Various engineering system accidents with fatalities, reported by mass media are characterized by τ and N, and are presented in this work using the scale analysis method. We contend that level of acceptance infers a perception of benefit at least two orders larger magnitude than perception of risk. The “amplification” influence of mass media is also deduced as being 100- to 1000-fold the actual number of fatalities/serious injuries in a nuclear-related accident.
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Beyerl, Thomas, Bernard Ibru, Johnnie Williams, Imani Augusma, and Valentin Soloiu. "Location Sensor Fusion and Error Correction in Intelligent Vehicles." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67084.

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Autonomous vehicles provide an opportunity to reduce highway congestion and emissions, while increasing highway safety. Intelligently routed vehicles will also be better integrated with existing traffic patterns, minimizing travel times. By reducing the time wasted in traffic; harmful emissions will consummately be reduced. Well-designed autonomous control systems provide for increased highway safety by reducing the frequency and severity of traffic accidents caused by driver error. In order to achieve this, a robust multi-layered control system must be designed, which minimizes the likelihood of computer error, while enabling seamless transition to and from human control. Autonomous vehicle navigation systems rely on accurate and timely sensor inputs to determine a vehicle’s location, attitude, speed, and acceleration. This paper describes a telemetry sensor fusion approach, which enables an autonomous vehicle to navigate, complex intersections, based on previously planned paths and near field sensors. This reduces computational overhead on the vehicle’s computer, and provides real time redundancy for system errors or delays. In conjunction with a full complement of environmental sensors, this path planning - path following approach enhances the robustness of autonomous vehicle operating models. This research supports the rapidly expanding field of autonomous automobiles by examining novel concepts for robust telemetry sensor fusion between inertial, GPS, and wheel speed sensors, which allows for error correction and enhanced positional accuracy, when compared to conventional navigation algorithms.
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Antani, Kavit, Alireza Madadi, Mary E. Kurz, Laine Mears, Kilian Funk, and Maria E. Mayorga. "Robust Work Planning and Development of a Decision Support System for Work Distribution on a Mixed-Model Automotive Assembly Line." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7350.

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Line balancing is a very resource-intensive and time consuming process which is highly reliant on the experience and expertise of a few employees. Line balancing is made even more complex due to the high level of option content in premium automobiles. The current phase of this study involves hands-on training on the automotive assembly line, precedence relationship mapping of all the tasks involved on a pilot assembly line, identification of constraints, and development of a strategy to manage option content and constraints. The second phase will include the generation of an optimal line balance through optimization on expected station utilization. The current line balancing process relies significantly on the experience level of the utility workers and team leaders. Although initially labor intensive, the precedence mapping exercise and option coding strategy will facilitate the development of a decision support system to aid the human decision-maker in making data-driven decisions about work distribution.
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Lebbin, Paul A., and Mohammad H. Hosni. "Automobile Climate Measurement using Two Thermal Observation Manikins." In 2005 Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering Symposium. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-2732.

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Green, Paul. "Human Factors And Automobile Instrument Panel Display Design." In SPIE International Symposium on Optical Engineering and Industrial Sensing for Advance Manufacturing Technologies, edited by B. Jin Chang and Thomas M. Lemons. SPIE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.947711.

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Reed, Matthew P., Miriam A. Manary, Carol A. C. Flannagan, and Lawrence W. Schneider. "Comparison of Methods for Predicting Automobile Driver Posture." In Digital Human Modeling For Design And Engineering Conference And Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-2180.

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Burnap, Alexander, Ye Liu, Yanxin Pan, Honglak Lee, Richard Gonzalez, and Panos Y. Papalambros. "Estimating and Exploring the Product Form Design Space Using Deep Generative Models." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60091.

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Product forms in quantitative design methods are typically expressed with a mathematical representation such as vectors, trees, graphs, and grammars. Such formal representations are restrictive in terms of realism or flexibility, and this limits their utility for human designers who typically create product forms in a design space that is restricted by the medium (e.g., free-hand sketching) and by their cognitive skills (e.g., creativity and experience). To increase the value of formal representations to human designers, this paper proposes to represent the design space as designs sampled from a statistical distribution of form and estimate a generative model of this distribution using a large set of images and design attributes of previous designs. This statistical representation approach is both flexible and realistic, and is estimated using a deep (multi-layer) generative model. The value of the representation is demonstrated in a study of two-dimensional automobile body forms. Using 180,000 form data of automobile designs over the past decade, we can morph a vehicle form into different body types and brands, thus offering human designers potential insights on realistic new design possibilities.
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Archer, Gerri E., and Michael Kolich. "Development of an Automobile Driving Posture Algorithm for Digital Human Models." In 2005 Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering Symposium. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-2704.

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