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Journal articles on the topic 'Automobiles Human engineering'
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1
Ajovalasit, Marco, Ana Tajadura Jiménez, Arber Shabani, and Joseph Giacomin. "Human emotional response to steering wheel vibration in automobiles." International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration 9, no. 1/2 (2013): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvnv.2013.053820.
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Ajovalasit, Marco, and Joseph Giacomin. "Special Issue on Human Perception of Sound and Vibration in Automobiles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 224, no. 10 (October 2010): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440701022401001.
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Liang, Kai, and Haijun Zhao. "Application of Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs) in Active Sound Production System of Electric Automobiles." Shock and Vibration 2020 (October 28, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8888578.
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To improve the diversity and quality of sound mimicry of electric automobile engines, a generative adversarial network (GAN) model was used to construct an active sound production model for electric automobiles. The structure of each layer in the network in this model and the size of its convolution kernel were designed. The gradient descent in network training was optimized using the adaptive moment estimation (Adam) algorithm. To demonstrate the quality difference of the generated samples from different input signals, two GAN models with different inputs were constructed. The experimental results indicate that the model can accurately learn the characteristic distributions of raw audio signals. Results from a human ear auditory test show that the generated audio samples mimicked the real samples well, and a leave-one-out (LOO) test show that the diversity of the samples generated from the raw audio signals was higher than that of samples generated from a two-dimensional spectrogram.
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Tsugawa, Sadayuki. "Special Issue on Fundamental Technologies for ITS." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 13, no. 4 (August 20, 2001): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2001.p0339.
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Intelligent transport systems (ITS), a combination of IT(Information Technology) and TS (Transport Systems), solves problems such as accidents and congestion, lessening environmental impact and conserving energy. As conventional solutions to traffic issues became less and less effective, high-tech solutions have been sought. Preceding the term ITS, coined in 1994, were road transport informatics (RTI), advanced transport telematics (AT), and intelligent vehicle-highway systems (IVHS). In the mid-1980s, large ITS projects started in Europe, the US, and Japan, but the use of high-tech solutions emerged in the 1950s. As indicated above, ITS includes systems covering passenger-car safety and freight management, supported by a wide range of technologies including sensing, control, communications, and human factors. This special issue on ITS focuses on ITS technologies that share similarities with robotics and mechatronics. The papers in this issue are classed into sensing, control, simulation, and electric vehicles. Papers in sensing deal with the application of vehicle localization in automated driving, 3-dimensional localization with corner cubes and laser radar, vision-based passage detection, and night-time obstacle detection with machine vision. The technology presented in these papers is expected to play an important role in robotics and mechatronics. The 4 control papers include an overview on control algorithms for automated driving and 3 papers on control algorithms for lateral control, lane changing, and parking assistance. The major difference between mobile robots and automobiles is that, due to speed, the behavior of mobile robots can be described with kinematics, but that of automobiles must be described with dynamics. Nevertheless, control algorithms for automated automobiles are insightful in robotics. Simulation technologies are essential in ITS to present virtually situations difficult or not possible to realize in the real world. One paper deals with a driving simulator and the other with automobile traffic. The last area in this ITS issue is electric vehicles. Their handicaps can be overcome by ITS, leading to new road transport. The paper on electric vehicles introduces an experimental electric vehicle both educational and informative to readers planning electric vehicles to conduct experiments involving ITS. We thank those on the JSME Research Committee 179 for cooperation between human and systems in ITS for reviewing submitted papers.
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Palit, Shamik, and Chandrima Sinha Roy. "IoT in Safety and Security of Automobiles." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.b8222.1210220.
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This article is about IoT. The IoT on vehicles will be discussed. For an automobile for safety and security, I am making progress in making an IoT comparative analysis. A new web wave that is expected to rework our lives could be the Things Web (IoT). The Web has people connected andconnects Things to create flawless communication and pooling of intelligence. IoT could be an era of RIOTous, with the remarkable ability to control the world and the method we tend to live. It uses gadgets and sensors relating to the net, which produce new characteristics. In the age of modern international, we as the purchasers are leaning in the direction of smart vehicles and extra to make lifestyle easier. The Internet and society center states that 90% of accidents that occur around the place are caused by human errors and failures. We can reduce the error from the very least when we implement IoT on cars. In 2020, the Automobile Manufacturers ' Alliance forecast that 75% of cars are capable of using the internet and that unsecured devices can be accessible without difficulty, which is why it is important that safety is guaranteed in cars. This paper analyzes the various securities of IoT technologies in IoT.Then suggesting new security policy
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Warren, Roxanne. "Urban Oasis: Guideways and Greenways in the Human Environment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1521, no. 1 (January 1996): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152100115.
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Fixed guideway systems must, of necessity, be associated with densities of development that are sufficiently high to justify their installation. Where private automobiles are dominant, however, high densities are typically identified with environmental blight and traffic congestion, which are, in turn, instrumental in the exodus of the population to outlying areas and away from public transport. Residential development is key to the greater use of public transit, since it is at the home that the majority of all kinds of trips begin or end, and for residential development, environmental considerations are paramount. A synthesis of four elements is advocated: new, basically residential pedestrian zones of high to medium densities, with abundant landscaping throughout each zone and with linkage to peripheral parking and regional transit via short-range automated people movers.
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Kim, Kiduk, Ji-Hoon Jeong, Jeong-Hyun Cho, Sunghyun Kim, Jeonggoo Kang, Jeha Ryu, and Seong-Whan Lee. "Development of a Human-Display Interface with Vibrotactile Feedback for Real-World Assistive Applications." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020592.
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It is important to operate devices with control panels and touch screens assisted by haptic feedback in mobile environments such as driving automobiles and electric power wheelchairs. A lot of consideration is needed to give accurate haptic feedback, especially, presenting clear touch feedback to the elderly and people with reduced sensation is a very critical issue from healthcare and safety perspectives. In this study, we aimed to identify the perceptual characteristics for the frequency and direction of haptic vibration on the touch screen with vehicle-driving vibration and to propose an efficient haptic system based on these characteristics. As a result, we demonstrated that the detection threshold shift decreased at frequencies above 210 Hz due to the contact pressure during active touch, but the detection threshold shift increased at below 210 Hz. We found that the detection thresholds were 0.30–0.45 gpeak with similar sensitivity in the 80–270 Hz range. The haptic system implemented by reflecting the experimental results achieved characteristics suitable for use scenarios in automobiles. Ultimately, it could provide practical guidelines for the development of touch screens to give accurate touch feedback in the real-world environment.
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Nizamuddin, Nishara, and Ahed Abugabah. "Blockchain for automotive: An insight towards the IPFS blockchain-based auto insurance sector." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 2443. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i3.pp2443-2456.
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The advancing technology and industrial revolution have taken the automotive industry by storm in recent times. The auto sector’s constantly growing demand has paved the way for the automobile sector to embrace new technologies and disruptive innovations. The multi-trillion dollar, complex auto insurance sector is still stuck in the regulations of the past. Most of the customers still contact the insurance company by phone to buy new policies and process existing insurance claims. The customers still face the risk of fraudulent online brokers, as policies are mostly signed and processed on papers which often require human supervision, with a risk of error. The insurance sector faces a threat of failure due to losing and misconception of policies and information. We present a decentralized IPFS and blockchain-based framework for the auto insurance sector that regulates the activities in terms of insurance claims for automobiles and automates payments. This article also discusses how blockchain technology’s features can be useful for the decentralized autonomous vehicle’s ecosystem.
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Gao, Fei, Shi Zong, Zhi-Wu Han, Yang Xiao, and Zhen-Hai Gao. "Musculoskeletal computational analysis on muscle mechanical characteristics of drivers’ lumbar vertebras and legs in different sitting postures." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 66, no. 5 (May 2020): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.5.637.
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SUMMARY Using computer-aided engineering (CAE) in the concept design stage of automobiles has become a hotspot in human factor engineering research. Based on human musculoskeletal biomechanical computational software, a seated human-body musculoskeletal model was built to describe the natural sitting posture of a driver. The interaction between the driver and car in various combinations of seat-pan/back-rest inclination angles was analyzed using an inverse-dynamics approach. In order to find out the “most comfortable” driving posture of the seat-pan/back-rest, the effect of seat-pan/back-rest inclination angles on the muscle activity degree, and the intradiscal L4-L5 compression force were investigated. The results showed that a much larger back-rest inclination angle, approximately 15°, and a slight backward seat-pan, about 7°, may relieve muscle fatigue and provide more comfort while driving. Subsequently, according to the findings above, a preliminary driving-comfort function was constructed.
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Hutchinson, Harry. "Easy On The Gas." Mechanical Engineering 128, no. 07 (July 1, 2006): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2006-jul-1.
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This article presents details of a research that aims to make automobile industry run more efficiently. In order to reduce mass, Toyota is looking for new, lighter materials to replace traditional ones of comparable strength. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is studying techniques to reduce the fuel burned for air conditioning of automobiles, and getting help from a dummy that sweats. The lab's heat test dummy is called ADAM (from ‘advanced automotive manikin’), a one-of-a-kind creation built by Measurement Technology Northwest in Seattle to the laboratory's specifications. The manikin communicates with a finite element analysis model of the human body developed by the lab using software from Ansys in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. The model predicts the body's response to its environment-skin temperatures, for instance, and other physiological information-and communicates it to the manikin, which can actually sweat. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Colorado is winding up its work in a research project to develop hybrid technologies for heavy vehicles, especially the ones that spend much of the time running short distances between stops to deliver packages, to bus passengers, or to pick up the trash.
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Khan, Zahid Akhtar, Talhah Shamshad Ali, NOOR ZAMAN KHAN, ANNAYATH MAQBOOL, and Rajesh Attri. "Ranking model for human seating comfort factors in automobiles: A best worst approach." International Journal of Services and Operations Management 1, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsom.2020.10032713.
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Tailer, Peter. "Stirling Machines." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 7, no. 4 (August 1989): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878900700405.
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The operation of a basic Stirling engine is explained along with the theoretical advantages of these engines compared to other energy conversion devices. Some recent research and development programs are briefly described which have produced or evaluated Stirling engines for automobiles, submarines, space vehicles, and solar thermal electricity generation. Smaller engines include one designed to power an artificial human heart. Stirling coolers, heat pumps, and other devices may contribute to more efficient energy use.
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SUÁREZ, JUAN A. "City Space, Technology, Popular Culture: The Modernism of Paul Strand and Charles Sheeler's Manhatta." Journal of American Studies 36, no. 1 (April 2002): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875802006783.
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Reputedly, painter Charles Sheeler and photographer Paul Strand's Manhatta is the first significant title in the history of American avant-garde cinema. It is a seven-minute portrait of New York City and focuses on those features which make the city a modern megalopolis – the traffic, the crowds, the high-rise buildings, the engineering wonders, and the speed and dynamism of street life. The film strives to capture rhythmic and graphic patterns in the movements and shapes of cranes, trains, automobiles, boats, steam shovels, suspension bridges, and skyscrapers. Due to the dominance of technology, the entire urban landscape appears in the film as a machine-like aggregate of static and moving parts independent from human intention.
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Casner, Stephen M., and Edwin L. Hutchins. "What Do We Tell the Drivers? Toward Minimum Driver Training Standards for Partially Automated Cars." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 13, no. 2 (March 8, 2019): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555343419830901.
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Each year, millions of automobile crashes occur when drivers fail to notice and respond to conflicts with other vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians. Today, manufacturers race to deploy automation technologies to help eliminate these mishaps. To date, little effort has been made to educate drivers about how these systems work or how they affect driver behavior. Driver education for automated systems amounts to additional pages in an owner’s manual that is known to be a seldom-used glove box reference. In this article, we review the history of automation deployed in the airline cockpit decades ago. We describe how automation helped avoid many common crash scenarios but at the same time gave rise to new kinds of crashes. It was only following a concerted effort to educate pilots about the automation, about themselves, and about the concept of a human-automation team that we reached the near-zero crash rate we enjoy today. Drawing parallels between the automation systems, the available pilot and driver research, and operational experience in both airplanes and automobiles, we outline knowledge standards for drivers of partially automated cars and argue that the safe operation of these vehicles will be enhanced by drivers’ incorporation of this knowledge in their everyday travels.
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Flemisch, Frank O., Maximilian Schwalm, Ronald Meyer, Eugen Altendorf, Thomas Lennartz, Constanze Schreck, Jan Bavendiek, and Nicolas D. Herzberger. "Human System Integration at System Limits and System Failure of Cooperatively Interacting Automobiles: Concept and First Results." IFAC-PapersOnLine 52, no. 8 (2019): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.08.054.
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Yan, Pei Jie, Jing Tao Han, Zheng Yi Jiang, Hei Jie Li, and Li Xian Liu. "Investigation of High Strength Steel for Automotive Roll-Forming Parts." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3001–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3001.
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In recent years, the number of automobiles has been steadily increasing, which has significantly impacted on the society and human life, and led to many social problems such as fuel crisis, environment pollution. Therefore, lightweight designing becomes a focused issue. Lightweight materials application, optimized structure design and advanced manufacturing process are the main ways to achieve the lightweight. However, low plasticity and ductility of high strength steel constrain the application of high strength steel. In this paper, the basic principle of roll forming for automotive parts is investigated, and it is innovatively applied in the hot roll forming process of the ultra high strength steel.
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Kari, Raheleh, and Martin Steinert. "Human Factor Issues in Remote Ship Operations: Lesson Learned by Studying Different Domains." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 4 (April 5, 2021): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9040385.
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The idea of remote controlling ships for operational and commercial uses has developed beyond concepts. Controlling and monitoring vessels from a distant location requires updating the concept and requirements of shore control centers (SCCs), where human operators control the fleet via cameras, GPS, and many other types of sensors. While remote ship operation promises to reduce operational and maintenance costs, while increasing loading capacity and safety, it also brings significant uncertainty related to both the human-machine and human-human interactions which will affect operations. Achieving safe, reliable, and efficient remote ship operations requires consideration of both technological, cultural, social and human factor aspects of the system. Indeed, operators will act as captain and crew remotely, from the SCC, introducing new types of hardware and software interactions. This paper provides an overview of human factor issues that may affect human-machine and human-human interactions in the course of remote ship operations. In doing so, the literature related to remote operations in the domains of shipping, aerial vehicles, cranes, train transportation, automobiles, and mining is reviewed. Findings revealed that human factor issues are likely to fall into 13 distinct groups based on the type of human interactions that take place in SCCs.
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Zhou, Qinbang, Renwen Chen, Bin Huang, Chuan Liu, Jie Yu, and Xiaoqing Yu. "An Automatic Surface Defect Inspection System for Automobiles Using Machine Vision Methods." Sensors 19, no. 3 (February 4, 2019): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030644.
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Automobile surface defects like scratches or dents occur during the process of manufacturing and cross-border transportation. This will affect consumers’ first impression and the service life of the car itself. In most worldwide automobile industries, the inspection process is mainly performed by human vision, which is unstable and insufficient. The combination of artificial intelligence and the automobile industry shows promise nowadays. However, it is a challenge to inspect such defects in a computer system because of imbalanced illumination, specular highlight reflection, various reflection modes and limited defect features. This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel automatic inspection system (AIS) for automobile surface defects which are the located in or close to style lines, edges and handles. The system consists of image acquisition and image processing devices, operating in a closed environment and noncontact way with four LED light sources. Specifically, we use five plane-array Charge Coupled Device (CCD) cameras to collect images of the five sides of the automobile synchronously. Then the AIS extracts candidate defect regions from the vehicle body image by a multi-scale Hessian matrix fusion method. Finally, candidate defect regions are classified into pseudo-defects, dents and scratches by feature extraction (shape, size, statistics and divergence features) and a support vector machine algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that automatic inspection system can effectively reduce false detection of pseudo-defects produced by image noise and achieve accuracies of 95.6% in dent defects and 97.1% in scratch defects, which is suitable for customs inspection of imported vehicles.
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Xiao, Xin Yi, and Han Bin Xiao. "The Optimal Control Method of Impulse Response in Prosthetic Leg." Advanced Materials Research 915-916 (April 2014): 1181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.915-916.1181.
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Passive control and semi-active control of vibration in mechanical systems have recently successfully been used in automobiles and airplanes suspension systems. These control techniques are able to guarantee the performances of all vibration structures. Unfortunately, the knowledge and data has not been readily applied to human prosthetics. The information collected can be directly applied to accelerate research into dampening for prosthetics. A focus of this paper is on modeling and controlling vibrations by a given impulse onto prosthetic legs. Simulations of using passive control and idealized skyhook dampening are using Matlab to complete. Through model analysis, control variable, simulation procedures and comparison of two modeling, the models have been refined and with idealized skyhook dampening suspension provide significant improvement of the body characteristics compared with passive suspensions.
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Takagi, Shusaku, Yuki Toji, Kohei Hasegawa, Yasushi Tanaka, Norbert Roessler, Brigitte Hammer, and Thomas Heller. "Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation Methods for Ultra-high Strength Steel Sheets for Automobiles." International Journal of Automotive Engineering 1, no. 2 (2010): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20485/jsaeijae.1.2_7.
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Ahrens, Marty. "Local Fire Department Responses to Fires Involving Automobiles, Buses, and Larger Trucks: 2006-2010 Estimates." SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety 1, no. 1 (April 8, 2013): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0210.
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Endsley, Mica R. "Autonomous Driving Systems: A Preliminary Naturalistic Study of the Tesla Model S." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 11, no. 3 (February 1, 2017): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555343417695197.
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Autonomous and semiautonomous vehicles are currently being developed by over14 companies. These vehicles may improve driving safety and convenience, or they may create new challenges for drivers, particularly with regard to situation awareness (SA) and autonomy interaction. I conducted a naturalistic driving study on the autonomy features in the Tesla Model S, recording my experiences over a 6-month period, including assessments of SA and problems with the autonomy. This preliminary analysis provides insights into the challenges that drivers may face in dealing with new autonomous automobiles in realistic driving conditions, and it extends previous research on human-autonomy interaction to the driving domain. Issues were found with driver training, mental model development, mode confusion, unexpected mode interactions, SA, and susceptibility to distraction. New insights into challenges with semiautonomous driving systems include increased variability in SA, the replacement of continuous control with serial discrete control, and the need for more complex decisions. Issues that deserve consideration in future research and a set of guidelines for driver interfaces of autonomous systems are presented and used to create recommendations for improving driver SA when interacting with autonomous vehicles.
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Alves, Cristiano, Tiago Custódio, Pedro Silva, Jorge Silva, Carlos Rodrigues, Rui Lourenço, Rui Pessoa, et al. "smartPlastic: Innovative Touch-Based Human-Vehicle Interface Sensors for the Automotive Industry." Electronics 10, no. 11 (May 22, 2021): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111233.
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Environmental concern regularly leads to the study and improvement of manufacturing processes and the development of new industrial products. The purpose of this work is to optimize the amount of injected plastic and reduce the number of parts used in the production of entrance panels to control features inside the car cabin. It focuses on a particular case study, namely the control of opening and closing windows and rotation of the rear-view mirrors of a car, maintaining all of the functionality and introducing a futuristic and appealing design inline with new autonomous driving vehicles. For this purpose, distinct low-cost touch sensor technologies were evaluated and the performance of several types of sensors that were integrated with plastic polymers of distinct thickness was analyzed. Discrete sensors coupled to the plastic part were tested and integrated in the injected plastic procedure. In the former, sensitivity tests were performed for finding the maximum plastic thickness detectable by the different sensors. For the latter, experiments were carried out on the sensors subject to very high pressure and temperature inside the molds—the two most relevant characteristics of industrial plastic injection in this context—and functional results were observed later. We conclude that, by changing the way the user interacts with the car cabin, the replacement of conventional mechanical buttons—composed of dozens of parts—by a component consisting of a single plastic part that is associated with conventional low-cost electronics allows the control of a more diversified set of features, including many that are not yet usual in the interior of automobiles today, but that will eventually be required in the near future of autonomous driving, in which the user will interact less with driving and more with other people or services around her/him, namely of the multimedia type. Additionally, the economic factor was considered, namely regarding the cost of the new technology as well as its manufacturing, replacement, and subsequent recycling processes.
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Mizukawa, Makoto, Kazuhito Yokoi, Tsutomu Hasegawa, Shigeki Sugano, and Yasushi Nakauchi. "Special Issue on Kukanchi Interactive Human – Space Design and Intelligence Dedicated to Dr. Kazuo Tanie." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 21, no. 4 (August 20, 2009): 441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2009.p0441.
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The history of science and technology evolution plays a great role in expanding human ability. Physical enhancement is done by controlling power after invention of steam engines and governor. These lead inventions of various useful machines to improve the productivity of material, food, and many attractive consumer products such as automobiles. Electrics and electronics also provided social infrastructure for industries and individual life. From ancient times, media have been developed to assist in intellectual activities such as characters, clay boards, papers, printing machines to carry knowledge. The accumulation of knowledge was one source of governance power and social movement of the Enlightenment promoted spreading such knowledge to citizens by editing Encyclopedias. This movement opened modern and civilized era. Telecommunication and computer technologies have accelerated to develop tools that help thinking and communication using the enormous knowledge stored in storages distributed worldwide. Kukanchi —Interactive Human-Space Design and Intelligence— enhances human physical boundary limited by its body to its surrounding space adopting and fusing technologies such as robotics, structured information, sensor network, object oriented software, software engineering of Robot Technology (RT) middleware, human–robot–interaction, etc. Kukanchi is expected to provide barrier–free environment and support to maintain QoL of daily life for any kind of handicapped people. This special issue features nine excellent papers from researchers devoting efforts to establishing kukanchi field and concept. This special issue is edited by guest editors, Prof. Makoto Mizukawa (Shibaura Institute of Technology) and four editors, Drs. Kazuhito Yokoi (AIST), Tsutomu Hasegawa (Kyushu University), Shigeki Sugano (Waseda University), Yasushi Nakauchi (University of Tsukuba). We thank the authors for their contributions and reviewers for their time and effort in making this special issue possible. We also thank the JRM Editorial Board for providing the opportunity to take part in this work. In closing, we would like to express our deep gratitude to the late Dr. Kazuo Tanie, who founded the Kukanchi research group.
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Tsunoda, Takaaki, Takeo Tsukamoto, Yoichi Ando, Yasuhiro Hamamoto, Yoichi Ikarashi, Satoshi Nagasato, and Kazuyuki Ueda. "Design and Characteristics of Microfocus X-ray Source with Sealed Tube and Transmissive Target on Diamond Window." Materials Evaluation 79, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/2021.me-04196.
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Electronic devices such as medical instruments implanted in the human body and electronic control units installed in automobiles have a large impact on human life. The electronic circuits in these devices require highly reliable operation. Radiographic testing has recently been in strong demand as a nondestructive way to help ensure high reliability. Companies that use high-density micrometer-scale circuits or lithium-ion batteries require high speed and high magnification inspection of all parts. The authors have developed a new X-ray source supporting these requirements. The X-ray source has a sealed tube with a transmissive target on a diamond window that offers advantages over X-ray sources having a sealed tube with a reflective target. The X-ray source provides high-power-density X-ray with no anode degradation and a longer shelf life. In this paper, the authors will summarize X-ray source classification relevant to electronic device inspection and will detail X-ray source performance requirements and challenges. The paper will also elaborate on technologies employed in the X-ray source including tube design implementations for high-power-density X-ray, high resolution, and high magnification simultaneously; reduced system downtime for automated X-ray inspection; and reduced dosages utilizing quick X-ray on-and-off emission control for protection of sensitive electronic devices.
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Long, Xudong, Weiwei Zhang, Bo Zhao, and Shaoxing Mo. "At the Traffic Intersection, Stopping, or Walking? Pedestrian Path Prediction Based on KPOF-GPDM for Driving Assistance." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (July 29, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9940126.
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Pedestrian detection has always been a research hotspot in the Advanced Driving Assistance System (ADAS) with great progress in recent years. However, for the ADAS, we not only need to detect the behavior of pedestrians in front of the vehicle but also predict future action and the motion trajectory. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a human key point combined optical flow network (KPOF-Net) in the vehicle ADAS for the occlusion situation in the actual scene. When the vehicle encounters a blocked pedestrian at a traffic intersection, we used self-flow to estimate the global optical flow in the image sequence and then proposed a White Edge Cutting (WEC) algorithm to remove obstructions and simply modified the generative adversarial network to initialize pedestrians behind the obstructions. Next, we extracted pedestrian optical flow information and human joint point information in parallel, among which we trained four human key point models suitable for traffic intersections. At last, KPOF-GPDM fusion was proposed to predict the future status and walking trajectories of pedestrians, which combined optical flow information with human key point information. In the experiment, we did not merely compare our method with other four representative approaches in the same scene sequences. We also verified the accuracy of the pedestrian motion state and motion trajectory prediction of the system after fusion of human joint points and optical flow information. Taking into account the real-time performance of the system, in the low-speed and barrier-free environment, the comparative analysis only uses optical flow information, human joint point information, and KPOF-Net three prediction models. The results show that (1) in the same traffic environment, our proposed KPOF-Net can predict the change of pedestrian motion state about 5 frames (about 0.26 s) ahead of other excellent systems; (2) at the same time, our system predicts the trajectory of the pedestrian more accurately than the other four systems, which can achieve more stable minimum error ±0.04 m; (3) in a low-speed, barrier-free experimental environment, our proposed trajectory prediction model that integrates human joint points and optical flow information has higher prediction accuracy and smaller fluctuations than a single-information prediction model, and it can be well applied to automobiles’ ADAS.
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Sandhu, Amanpreet, Sheifali Gupta, Rupesh Gupta, and Deepali Gupta. "Anti-Theft System for Monitoring Wheels of a Vehicle." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 4299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8516.
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Nowadays, automobiles (vehicles such as two-wheelers, four-wheelers) are increasing due to increment in the human population. Along with the increase in vehicle’s population, thefts and vandalization of vehicles and/or vehicle components such as tyres, engine, doors etc. are also increasing dynamically and exponentially. This problem of thefts is needed to be solved by detecting the theft and sending an alert to a concerned person. Such type of system has proposed in this paper. The proposed system includes: a navigation unit coupled to wheel of vehicle; a communication unit; a circuit breaker unit having a button coupled to wheel and wheel hub of vehicle such that when wheel is fitted tightly to wheel hub then button is in the first position to allow flow of current through circuit breaker unit and when wheel is loosened then button is in the second position such that flow of current is stopped and the first signal is generated, and a control unit to configure and navigate the signal. The proposed system also sends an alert to a concerned person in an effective manner.
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Yanagishima, Takayuki, and Tomio Jindo. "Amenity of Automobiles based on Kansei-Human Engineerinng." Japanese journal of ergonomics 28, Supplement (1992): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.28.supplement_104.
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Khan, Fatima Hameed, Muhammad Adeel Pasha, and Shahid Masud. "Advancements in Microprocessor Architecture for Ubiquitous AI—An Overview on History, Evolution, and Upcoming Challenges in AI Implementation." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (June 6, 2021): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060665.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) has successfully made its way into contemporary industrial sectors such as automobiles, defense, industrial automation 4.0, healthcare technologies, agriculture, and many other domains because of its ability to act autonomously without continuous human interventions. However, this capability requires processing huge amounts of learning data to extract useful information in real time. The buzz around AI is not new, as this term has been widely known for the past half century. In the 1960s, scientists began to think about machines acting more like humans, which resulted in the development of the first natural language processing computers. It laid the foundation of AI, but there were only a handful of applications until the 1990s due to limitations in processing speed, memory, and computational power available. Since the 1990s, advancements in computer architecture and memory organization have enabled microprocessors to deliver much higher performance. Simultaneously, improvements in the understanding and mathematical representation of AI gave birth to its subset, referred to as machine learning (ML). ML includes different algorithms for independent learning, and the most promising ones are based on brain-inspired techniques classified as artificial neural networks (ANNs). ANNs have subsequently evolved to have deeper and larger structures and are often characterized as deep neural networks (DNN) and convolution neural networks (CNN). In tandem with the emergence of multicore processors, ML techniques started to be embedded in a range of scenarios and applications. Recently, application-specific instruction-set architecture for AI applications has also been supported in different microprocessors. Thus, continuous improvement in microprocessor capabilities has reached a stage where it is now possible to implement complex real-time intelligent applications like computer vision, object identification, speech recognition, data security, spectrum sensing, etc. This paper presents an overview on the evolution of AI and how the increasing capabilities of microprocessors have fueled the adoption of AI in a plethora of application domains. The paper also discusses the upcoming trends in microprocessor architectures and how they will further propel the assimilation of AI in our daily lives.
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Morimoto, Yoshiharu. "High-Speed Measurement of Shape and Vibration: Whole-Field Systems for Motion Capture and Vibration Modal Analysis by OPPA Method." Sensors 20, no. 15 (July 30, 2020): 4263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154263.
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In shape measurement systems using a grating projection method, the phase analysis of a projected grating provides accurate results. The most popular phase analysis method is the phase shifting method, which requires several images for one shape analysis. Therefore, the object must not move during the measurement. The authors previously proposed a new accurate and high-speed shape measurement method, i.e., the one-pitch phase analysis (OPPA) method, which can determine the phase at every point of a single image of an object with a grating projected onto it. In the OPPA optical system, regardless of the distance of the object from the camera, the one-pitch length (number of pixels) on the imaging surface of the camera sensor is always constant. Therefore, brightness data for one pitch at any point of the image can be easily analyzed to determine phase distribution, or shape. This technology will apply to the measurement of objects in motion, including automobiles, robot arms, products on a conveyor belt, and vibrating objects. This paper describes the principle of the OPPA method and example applications for real-time human motion capture and modal analysis of free vibration of a flat cantilever plate after hammering. The results show the usefulness of the OPPA method.
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YANAGISHIMA, TAKAYUKI. "Special issue "The feeling". Human factors and sensory engineering of automobile." NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI 63, no. 3 (1990): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2324/gomu.63.113.
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Fujinami, Yohei, Pongsathorn Raksincharoensak, Shunsaku Arita, and Rei Kato. "Experimental Validation on Intersection Turning Trajectory Prediction Method for Advanced Driver Assistance System Based on Triclothoidal Curve." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 5900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135900.
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Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) for crash avoidance, when making a right-turn in left-hand traffic or left-turn in right-hand traffic, are expected to further reduce the number of traffic accidents caused by automobiles. Accurate future trajectory prediction of an ego vehicle for risk prediction is important to activate the assistance system correctly. Our objectives are to propose a trajectory prediction method for ADAS for safe intersection turnings and to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed prediction method. Our proposed curve generation method is capable of generating a smooth curve without discontinuities in the curvature. By incorporating the curve generation method into the vehicle trajectory prediction, the proposed method could simulate the actual driving path of human drivers at a low computational cost. The curve would be required to define positions, angles, and curvatures at its initial and terminal points. Driving experiments conducted at real city traffic intersections proved that the proposed method could predict the trajectory with a high degree of accuracy for various shapes and sizes of the intersections. This paper also describes a method to determine the terminal conditions of the curve generation method from intersection features. We set a hypothesis where the conditions can be defined individually from intersection geometry. From the hypothesis, a formula to determine the parameter was derived empirically from the driving experiments. Public road driving experiments indicated that the parameters for the trajectory prediction could be appropriately estimated by the obtained empirical formula.
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Yue, Shuai, and Chun Guang Wang. "PCMM Model Analysis and Development Capability Fuzzy Evaluation System Research in Teaching Team of Automobile Specialty in Higher Vocational College." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 2224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.2224.
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In order to evaluate the development capacity of teaching team of automobile specialty in higher vocational College, the human resources management ability maturity model (PCMM) of the US Software Engineering Research Institute is used. From the perspective of social need, organizational environment and teaching and scientific research, Analytic Hierarchy process (AHP) and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) are used. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is created by the social ability, management ability and executive ability maturity. The evaluate system is a new exploration to research automobile specialty. It can provide a scientific, feasible management framework to automobile specialty education management. It provides operational development capacity measuring tool to teach team of automobile specialty in vocational college and can improve the quality of teaching aim.
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Takeuchi, Yoshimi. "Message from Editor-in-Chief." International Journal of Automation Technology 1, no. 1 (September 5, 2007): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2007.p0003.
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On behalf of the editorial committee of International Journal of Automation Technology, I would like to sincerely ask all of you a favour of me to activate this journal since I am convinced that the automation technology is indispensable to the convenience and prosperity of human being. The automation technology began with the development and introduction of numerical control (NC) machine tools in the latter of 1950s. In 1960s, the technology was applied to assemble electric goods and automobiles together with the development of a wide variety of automationrelated methods such as industrial robots, semiconductor technologies and so on. In 1970s, this tendency had greatly affected the automation of production systems, which was called FA (Factory Automation or Flexible Manufacturing System), that is, flexible systems to rapidly cope with the change in the sort and quantity of products. The construction of FA is still continuing even now. The current state of art in production automation is the evolution by making the most of IT (Information Technology), where there are infinite tasks to be solved, for example, the cooperation with design, manufacturing and sales, life cycle control of products from production to waste by IC tag, product liability management, lean production taking account of environment protection and energy saving, product development with individuality and characteristic, production sustaining human skill, manufacture of high value-added products, development of future products, etc. After the bubble disruption in 1990, Japan has been suffering from the economical recession for 15 years, thus resulting in hanging low of automation technology development as well as decreased equipment investment. In addition, our serious problem in Japan is the disappearance of valuable technologies and manufacturing spirit by the mass retirement of engineers who have born the automation technology and supported excellent product manufacture. Thus, it is an important issue to improve and develop the automation technologies further. From the above mentioned viewpoint, the journal focuses on the advanced automation technologies ranging from fundamental technologies to a variety of industrial applications, which meet the requirements, especially from industries. The journal covers all sorts of automation technologies regarding design, manufacturing, assembly, inspection, transportation, logistics, machine tools, robotic system, control system and instruments, and so on. There are some journals with respect to the automation specific to scientific and fundamental research, however, no journal exists, which aims at providing engineering researches and practical developments. Thus, the journal takes up a large amount of practical examples relating advanced automation technologies as review papers, research and development papers, news and interview so that the readers can take interest in the journal. The editorial committee wants IJAT to serve engineers and managers for the requirement of automation technology developments, and is all concerned for your contribution to IJAT.
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Thilmany, Jean. "Make No Mistake." Mechanical Engineering 131, no. 06 (June 1, 2009): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2009-jun-5.
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This paper explains the concept of goof-proofing and its usefulness in engineering design. No standard design rules exist for engineers to follow in anticipation of human error. Human reliability analysis tools such as event trees and fault trees to model a human's contribution to events such as decreasing one's speed on an exit ramp. To minimize human error, engineering students color code wires and use specific prong configurations in the design of an automobile. It is observed that engineers follow failure modes and effects analysis procedures. The failure modes procedure isolates potential failures within a system or product. Effects analysis is the study of the consequences of those failures. The attitude on the part of designers is that they have the requisite knowledge, either from past projects or due to their expertise. The paper concludes that regardless of how engineers go about goof-proofing their designs, they must keep the end user in mind.
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Bu, Tie Wei. "Development of Automobile Drive Shaft Automatic Welding Machine." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1098–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1098.
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Automobile drive shafts is a rotary body weldment, for welding is difficult, requires high quality. The traditional welding way by human factors, is unable to keep the stable welding quality. In order to solve the problem of welding quality and welding efficiency in automobile drive shaft manufacturing process, automobile drive shaft automatic welding machine has been developed based on PLC. And the welding machine Real-time control on welding process through the control system , ensure the quality of welding stability, improve production efficiency.
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Fansen, Kong, and Sui Jie. "Computer simulation of driver working memory processing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 1165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x34856.
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In general, using simulations to solve problems of human behaviour, as is done in engineering, is particularly difficult. Making use of research into motor vehicle manoeuvrability, this article studies, from the engineering perspective, a computer simulation of working memory processing disabilities of automobile drivers. Firstly, utilizing theories drawn from cognitive psychology, motor vehicle manoeuvrability dynamics, and fuzzy control theory, a driver working memory simulation model is advanced. The model integrates working memory, which is a critical factor in predicting complex cognitive manipulation activities. Secondly, the driver's working memory processing is simulated using the model, and its effects on motor vehicle manoeuvrability and stability are assessed. The test result shows that there is an optimal range of processing time for driving. The lower limit of the range is limited by human physiological limits. The upper limit is defined by the task's complexity. The task could not be finished if the information processing time for finishing the complex task is greater than the upper limit.
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Kang, Xinhui. "Combining Grey Relationship Analysis and Neural Network to Develop Attractive Automobile Booth Design." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2020 (June 20, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8863727.
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Miryoku engineering is a design concept based on customer preferences, with the goal of creating attractive products or spaces. However, traditional Miryoku engineering faces two main issues: (1) the upper Kansei factor ranks the weights by the number of mentions, but it does not represent the importance of customers; (2) the mapping connection between the upper Kansei factor and the lower specific conditions adopts a statistical analysis method, which easily leads to the omission of key information. With the development of computer-based artificial intelligence, it repeatedly simulates human thinking with simple calculation rules, which has the advantages of fewer errors and faster speed. Therefore, on the three-level evaluation grid diagram platform established by Miryoku engineering, this paper first uses grey relationship analysis to comprehensively evaluate the priority order of Kansei words. Secondly, for the key Kansei factors, a morphological deconstruction table that connects the original reasons and specific conditions is established. Orthogonal design is used to screen representative combinations of design elements and create sample models by using the 3D software. Finally, the neural network was used to establish a mapping function between the key Kansei factors and the representative product design elements, and based on this, the most perceptually attractive product design was discovered. As a case study, the automobile booth was used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and significantly improve exhibitor design decisions and attendees’ satisfaction.
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Han, Seung Ho, So Young Shin, Tae Hee Lee, Sang Boo Lee, and Tae Woo Kwon. "Fatigue Durability Analysis Based on FE Modeling Support System for Arc-Welded Members in Automobile Suspension Module." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 2065–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.2065.
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In an early stage of design process for the lower arm in automobile suspension module, an easy and fast FE modeling, static and durability analysis supported by parametric study considering its geometric changes are required. The FE modeling support system has been developed, which is implemented on the platform of MSC.Patran. The CAD file produced by taking into account of automatic 3D parametric model in CATIA V5 can be transferred to this system. For the process automation of various design activities including the parametric study, human interactions are excluded practically, in which all processes are dealt with the XML-wrapper, and in- and output data are linked each other and treated in the engineering data management. The developed FE modeling support system reduces time and cost to design and analyze engineering problems.
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Chatha, K. A., R. H. Weston, and R. P. Monfared. "An approach to modelling dependencies linking engineering processes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 217, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 669–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440503322011399.
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A multiperspective modelling method is described that was developed and used to support an international consortium of businesses concerned with realizing automobile engine production on a global scale. The modelling method provides a capability of documenting, communicating and analysing various dependent aspects of multiple threads of engineering activities. Commercially available and specially developed computer modelling tools have been deployed to operationalize the method, and thereby to facilitate the design of dependent activity flows, the resourcing of activity flows by suitable human and technical systems and the control and management of workflows. The paper outlines requirements of the method, with reference to properties of engineering processes that needed to be modelled. A prime focus of attention was on engineering a new generation of component-based manufacturing lines suitable for the ‘mass customization’ of automotive engine products in production plants around the globe. Key features of the modelling framework are described, as are the stages of modelling and the associated use of proprietary modelling tools. Also provided are examples of models generated when using the method and tools.
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Esashi, Masayoshi, Shuji Tanaka, Seiji Aoyagi, Takashi Mineta, Koichi Suzumori, Tetsuji Dohi, and Norihisa Miki. "Special Issue on MEMS for Robotics and Mechatronics." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 32, no. 2 (April 20, 2020): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2020.p0279.
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MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) is a technology that is used to incorporate sensors, actuators, microstructures, and circuits on chips by using a combination of various technologies with semiconductor process. MEMS are also used in robotics and mechatronics since they can provide compact, low-cost functional components that play crucial roles in their respective systems. We would like to elaborate on the history of MEMS technology, whose initial development started around 1970. In 1960s, Dr. Isemi Igarashi of Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc. in Japan developed a semiconductor pressure sensor of piezo-resistance type. In 1980s, the pressure sensors were used to control automobile engines to clear exhaust gas regulations and thus contributed to solving environmental issues. In 1990s, semiconductor acceleration sensors were used for passive safety technologies to detect collision of automobiles and activate air bags, which resulted in decrease in traffic fatalities. In 2000s, an active safety system with gyro sensors was developed to detect and control spinning of a vehicle. In future, space recognition sensors with optical scanners to measure light propagation time and detect distance to an object will be used for autonomous driving. For smartphones, a microphone, an acceleration sensor, and a gyro sensor are used in user interface, and a film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) is used in a wireless communication filter. For projectors, the built-in circuit of a mirror array system is used to move mirrors placed in an array. After the development of projectors, films have not been used in movie theaters. MEMS are also widely used in medical and biological fields, such as blood pressure measurement. Esashi began research on a semiconductor ion sensor ISFET (ion sensitive field effect transistor) in 1971. ISFET detects ion concentration in electrolyte by exposing the insulating film of an insulated gate transistor to the liquid. He set up a prototyping facility when he was a graduate student and wrote only one paper on this research, although the prototyping facility was used afterwards. The ion sensor was certified under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law after a 12-year application process and was used as catheter-type pH sensor to diagnose reflux esophagitis. MEMS are widely used for minimally invasive medical treatment, which causes minimum damage to human body. Moreover, MEMS are used as disposable sensors to prevent infection or as implanted devices. In addition, MEMS are used for production inspection and scientific instrument, including scanning probe microscopes (SPMs), which observe atoms using extremely small nano-probes, and probe cards that simultaneously test several integrated circuits on a wafer using aligned probes. When he was an associate professor, Esashi improved the prototyping facility that he made when he was a student and made a large scale integrated circuit (LSI). After he became a professor, he accepted researchers from more than 130 companies and developed MEMS using the prototyping facility to develop a product through the academia-industry collaboration. He realized integrated MEMS by combining LSI and MEMS. This includes a system of many tactile sensors attached on the body surface of a safe robot for real-time detection of contact through packet communication. After he retired from the university, he developed a “prototype coin laundry,” which enables companies to do develop without having their own prototyping facility. The prototype coin laundry is a system where engineers can use the prototyping facility to develop devices, and the system has been managed by successors. Unlike integrated circuits for which standardization is easy, standardization of MEMS is challenging because of difficulty in development. It is necessary to access various knowledge for the development of MEMS, and he has made efforts to provide the knowledge. Finally, we would like to thank authors who submitted papers to this Special Issue on MEMS for Robotics and Mechatronics as well as those who were involved in editing and reviewing the papers. We sincerely hope for further development in this field of research.
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Niimi, Atsushi, Eng Toshio Sata, Emeritus, Kousuke Shiramizu, Takashi Matsuura, and Nobuyoshi Hisada. "Development of the New Human-Conscious Automobile Assembly Plant." CIRP Annals 46, no. 1 (1997): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)60848-8.
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Engelberg, Shlomo. "Control Theory, Delays and Driving an Automobile." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 33, no. 2 (April 2005): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijmee.33.2.1.
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A simple model of the driver—automobile system is developed and several reasonable candidates for the transfer function of the human ‘controller’ are studied. The model is used to examine the controller candidates. The complete system is analysed both analytically and through simulations. It is found that a delay followed by a phase-lead controller is a reasonable choice for the transfer function that the human ‘controller’ implements. The model developed is compared with a more realistic model and is seen to be a reasonable approximation of the realistic model at low frequencies. Reaction time is shown to be a critical parameter in understanding the dynamics of the driver—automobile system.
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Wang, Li Li, Yue Guo, and Ting Zhang. "Application of Green Manufacturing in Automobile Enterprises." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.523.
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Green manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing mode as well as the fundamental way to the sustainable development of human society. Based on green manufacturing of auto companies, the advantages of green manufacturing and automotive companies for green materials applications is analyzed in the article. Green manufacturing of automotive companies is evaluated in this article, through analytic hierarchy process.
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CHEN, Juan. "Body pressure distribution of automobile driving human machine contact interface." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering (English Edition) 20, no. 04 (2007): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/cjme.2007.04.066.
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Qi, Mi. "The Brief Analysis on Automobile Color Design." Advanced Materials Research 228-229 (April 2011): 1201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.228-229.1201.
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In the industrial design domain, any choice including the modeling, the material, the processing craft and so on intrinsic factors can entrust the product with different character finally, thus causes it to adapt each kind of different market. In all design method, color design can be called an important link that affect product’s direct-viewing vision effection, the union of the color and the shape constitutes the most main and the most direct part of human vision feeling. The automobile is typical example that melt the modeling and the color together.
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Matsuo, Makoto. "How does managerial coaching affect individual learning? The mediating roles of team and individual reflexivity." Personnel Review 47, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-06-2016-0132.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of team and individual reflexivity in linking managerial coaching with individual learning. Design/methodology/approach Data obtained from 506 individuals in 98 engineering teams in the automobile and electronic industries were used to investigate specific hypotheses. Findings The results indicated that managerial coaching directly influenced team learning and individual learning, team reflexivity acted as substantial mediator for the relationship between managerial coaching and team learning, as well as the relationship between managerial coaching and individual reflexivity and team reflexivity and individual reflexivity co-acted each other as mediators for the relationship between managerial coaching and individual learning. Research limitations/implications As the subjects of this study were engineering teams in which tasks are interdependent, there is a possibility that the task trait may have affected the results. Practical implications Managers should recognize the importance of collectively reflective activities in promoting both individual and team learning. Facilitating coaching skills are indispensable to enhance reflexivity within teams. Originality/value This study extends prior research by demonstrating the mediating role of team and individual reflexivity as mediators in linking managerial coaching to team and individual learning, which has never been investigated in previous studies.
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Urrea, Claudio, Felipe Garrido, and John Kern. "Design and Implementation of Intelligent Agent Training Systems for Virtual Vehicles." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020492.
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This paper presents the results of the design, simulation, and implementation of a virtual vehicle. Such a process employs the Unity videogame platform and its Machine Learning-Agents library. The virtual vehicle is implemented in Unity considering mechanisms that represent accurately the dynamics of a real automobile, such as motor torque curve, suspension system, differential, and anti-roll bar, among others. Intelligent agents are designed and implemented to drive the virtual automobile, and they are trained using imitation or reinforcement. In the former method, learning by imitation, a human expert interacts with an intelligent agent through a control interface that simulates a real vehicle; in this way, the human expert receives motion signals and has stereoscopic vision, among other capabilities. In learning by reinforcement, a reward function that stimulates the intelligent agent to exert a soft control over the virtual automobile is designed. In the training stage, the intelligent agents are introduced into a scenario that simulates a four-lane highway. In the test stage, instead, they are located in unknown roads created based on random spline curves. Finally, graphs of the telemetric variables are presented, which are obtained from the automobile dynamics when the vehicle is controlled by the intelligent agents and their human counterpart, both in the training and the test track.
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Santos, Diego Vieira, Ana Paula Marzagão Casadei, R. V. Pereira, A. Aragones, G. V. Salmoria, and M. F. Fredel. "Development of Polymer/Nanoceramic Composite Material with Potential Application in Biomedical Engineering." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1142.
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The rise of human life expectancy results in the increasing of elderly population and consequently the diseases of old age, which are mostly related with bone degenerative diseases. These problems also affect young individuals, commonly due to accidents (automobile and work). This fact has stimulated the research and development of materials that can replace or regenerate the damaged bone. From the engineering view, bone is a composite material consisting of an organic matrix (collagen), reinforced by an inorganic component (hydroxyapatite). The search for a suitable material, with properties tailored to the needs of the bone metabolism, as well as the adequate way of material processing, which ensures the maintenance or improvement of their initial properties, motivated this research. In this work was developed composite materials, based on bioresorbable polymer (PLLA) and phosphocalcic nanoceramic (HA). The composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (microstructure) and dynamical mechanical analyses (mechanical behavior). The results indicated these materials as promising for applications in the medical and dental manufacturing devices (plates and screws) by injection molding, and also for scaffolds by rapid manufacturing, in the tissue engineering area.
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Lewis, Bridget A. "Book Review: Automobile Automation: Distributed Cognition on the Road." Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications 27, no. 1 (November 28, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1064804618815461.
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