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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Automobiles Trucks

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Academic literature on the topic 'Automobiles Trucks'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Automobiles Trucks"

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Garrott, W. R., and D. A. Guenther. "Determination of Tire-Road Friction Coefficients for Skid Mark Analysis." Tire Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2150987.

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Abstract An experimental study was made to compare the validities of methods currently used by accident reconstructionists to determine the coefficient of friction between the road and the vehicle tires at the time of an incident. This value could then be used in conjunction with skid mark length and vehicle weight to calculate the prebraking speed of the vehicle. Three automobiles and three trucks with a variety of tires and loadings were used on a variety of pavements. The accuracy and area of applicability of each of four methods for obtaining friction coefficients were determined by relating the prebraking speed calculated from each to the actual speed at the time of brake application. All four methods were satisfactory for automobiles and the pickup truck used, but only two were acceptable for heavy trucks. The most valid coefficients are obtained from skid mark lengths obtained under conditions duplicating those in an incident.

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Lutsey, Nicholas, Christie-Joy Brodrick, Daniel Sperling, and Harry A. Dwyer. "Markets for Fuel-Cell Auxiliary Power Units in Vehicles: Preliminary Assessment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1842, no. 1 (January 2003): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1842-14.

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Fuel cells are widely expected to replace internal combustion engines in vehicles. However, their high initial costs preclude their introduction into the mass market for some time. A new approach is needed that focuses on niche markets. The potential use of fuel cells in auxiliary power units (APUs) on board various types of automobiles and trucks— in luxury passenger automobiles, law enforcement vehicles, contractor trucks, specialized utility trucks, recreational vehicles, refrigerated trucks, and line-haul heavy-duty trucks—is explored. Power requirements, volume and weight targets, costs, market sizes, and potential benefits for several fuel cell technologies and fuels are analyzed. The attributes of market applications are matched with fuel cell attributes to assess the market potential of fuel-cell APUs. Although data are insufficient and more analysis is needed, several market applications apparently could play key roles in introducing fuel cell technologies to the transportation sector.

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Vishwa Krishna., R., R. Suwathy., M. Pragadeesh., and M. Venkatesan. "Drag reduction in a class 8 truck - scaled down model." MATEC Web of Conferences 172 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817201003.

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Trucks are heavy load vehicles used mainly for commercial transport operations. There are several classes of heavy duty commercial vehicles classified based on the weight loaded. More than 50% of the engine output power in such trucks is utilized to overcome the drag. Drag force in automobiles is the resistance offered by air on vehicles at higher speeds. Class 8 trucks suffer higher drag when compared to other classes. In the present work, a numerical model is developed using a commercial code ANSYS FLUENT to predict the drag coefficient value. The effects of gap width and cab front radius with a constant fairing is analysed using the numerical model developed. A Class 8 model truck with minimal drag coefficient having constant fairing and optimized gap width between the trailer and cab is proposed.

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Barnes, Gary, and Peter Langworthy. "Per Mile Costs of Operating Automobiles and Trucks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1864, no. 1 (January 2004): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1864-10.

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Iranitalab, Amirfarrokh, Yashu Kang, and Aemal Khattak. "Modeling the Probability of Hazardous Materials Release in Crashes at Highway–Rail Grade Crossings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 10 (June 21, 2018): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118780885.

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Crashes at Highway–Rail Grade Crossings (HRGCs) that involve a truck or a train carrying hazardous materials (hazmat) expose people and the environment to potentially severe consequences of hazmat release. This research involved statistical modeling of the probability of hazmat release from trucks and/or trains in crashes at HRGCs to identify factors associated with hazmat release. The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) HRGC crash dataset (2007–2016) yielded two subsets of crashes: 1) those involving hazmat-carrying trucks, and 2) those involving hazmat-carrying trains. Results from a logistic regression model using data subset 1 (crashes involving hazmat-carrying trucks) with hazmat release/no release as the response variable showed that standard flashing signal lights, railroad crossbucks, and railroad classes II and III (relative to railroad class I) were associated with lower hazmat release probability from hazmat-carrying trucks. Hazmat release probability from trucks was higher with freight train involvement. Results from a logistic regression model using data subset 2 (crashes involving hazmat-carrying trains) revealed that hazmat release probability from trains was lower with warmer temperature. However, the probability of release from trains was greater with railroad class II (relative to railroad class I), type of highway user (different types of trucks and motorcycle relative to automobiles), and weather conditions (fog, sleet or snow, relative to clear). A comparison of the results from this study with HRGC crash severity studies highlighted the importance and usefulness of this study.

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Maciołek, Tadeusz. "A mobile catenary power supply system for automotive vehicles." MATEC Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818001001.

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Trolleybus type power supply using a two-pole overhead catenary system has been used for over one hundred years. However, energy demand in this type of road transport is the lowest. The main disadvantage of this type of transport is the lack of flexibility. Road electric vehicles equipped with batteries, which are now more and more often being put into service, allow for autonomous run on the roads without overhead contact wires. Therefore, it is possible to use them in a more flexible manner. The main problem is a limited range of autonomous run and long charge time of batteries. The paper presents a concept consisting in the application of an overhead catenary for supplying electric and hybrid vehicles (including automobiles) when a vehicle is in motion (mobile charging). Electric trucks are equipped with controlled current collectors allowing for connection with an overhead catenary during driving. Application of this solution to automobiles is rather impossible, which prevents them from being supplied directly from a catenary. The basis of the original concept presented in the paper is the creation of automobile convoys supplied via a truck equipped with current collectors. A description of the proposed system and an algorithm of its operation are presented in the paper. The discussed transport system has significant advantages in comparison to completely autonomous electric vehicles: increased range of driving with lower capacity of batteries on board and flexibility of use, longer life-time of batteries, lower energy consumption. The paper compares the proposed system with the currently used ones, which employ charging of automobiles during stops, but also underlines the advantages of the first solution.

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Cabral, Ana Beatriz Paes Barretto, Marcelo Roberto Ventura Dias de Mattos Bezerra, and Jean Marcel de Faria Novo. "Controls at the starting point for preventing accidents in the road transport of dangerous products / Controles no ponto de partida para prevenção de acidentes no transporte rodoviário de produtos perigosos." Brazilian Journal of Development 7, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 35560–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n4-154.

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This article discusses activities related to the prevention of road accidents with dangerous products that precede trips by tank truck drivers. The Brazilian normative framework (laws, decrees, and norms), the Haddon Matrix as a systemic prevention model, and the premises of the Olho Vivo nas Estradas Program of the Brazilian Chemical Industry Association constitute the conceptual bases of the research. The empirical approach consists of semi-structured interviews with drivers of a fuel distributor who travel along the BR-116. The results indicate that the company has training practices and disclosure of recent accidents. The workgroup dominates the normative knowledge and preventive procedures, being the main concern of the interviewees with the carelessness practiced by drivers who travel the roads in all types of vehicles (trucks, automobiles, motorcycles).

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Yang, Fan, Deming Yang, Zhiming He, Yuanhua Fu, and Kui Jiang. "Automobile Fine-Grained Detection Algorithm Based on Multi-Improved YOLOv3 in Smart Streetlights." Algorithms 13, no. 5 (May 2, 2020): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13050114.

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Upgrading ordinary streetlights to smart streetlights to help monitor traffic flow is a low-cost and pragmatic option for cities. Fine-grained classification of vehicles in the sight of smart streetlights is essential for intelligent transportation and smart cities. In order to improve the classification accuracy of distant cars, we propose a reformed YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once, version 3) algorithm to realize the detection of various types of automobiles, such as SUVs, sedans, taxis, commercial vehicles, small commercial vehicles, vans, buses, trucks and pickup trucks. Based on the dataset UA-DETRAC-LITE, manually labeled data is added to improve the data balance. First, data optimization for the vehicle target is performed to improve the generalization ability and position regression loss function of the model. The experimental results show that, within the range of 67 m, and through scale optimization (i.e., by introducing multi-scale training and anchor clustering), the classification accuracies of trucks and pickup trucks are raised by 26.98% and 16.54%, respectively, and the overall accuracy is increased by 8%. Secondly, label smoothing and mixup optimization is also performed to improve the generalization ability of the model. Compared with the original YOLO algorithm, the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is improved by 16.01%. By combining the optimization of the position regression loss function of GIOU (Generalized Intersection Over Union), the overall system accuracy can reach 92.7%, which improves the performance by 21.28% compared with the original YOLOv3 algorithm.

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Reid, John D., Dean L. Sicking, Ronald K. Faller, and Brian G. Pfeifer. "Development of a New Guardrail System." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1599, no. 1 (January 1997): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1599-09.

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The W-beam guardrail system has been the standard in the United States since the late 1950s and has proved to perform reasonably well under most impact conditions. However, in recent years the vehicle fleet has changed to include a relatively large percentage of light trucks, such as pickups, vans, and sport-utility vehicles. These vehicles have a higher center of mass and bumper mounting height than conventional automobiles and have been shown to have higher rollover and injury rates during guardrail accidents than conventional automobiles. Standard W-beam guardrails were not designed to capture the bumper of many of these vehicles. In recognition of the potential safety problems associated with light-truck accidents, safety performance standards were recently changed with the publication of NCHRP Report 350, Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features. These performance standards require all new safety hardware to be tested with a full-size three-quarter-ton pickup to ensure acceptable performance for most vehicles in the light-truck category. In recognition of this, a guardrail system capable of capturing and redirecting a larger range of vehicle types and sizes was developed. A new guardrail system, called the Buffalo Rail, was designed with a new cross-sectional shape with an effective depth of 311 mm (compared to 194 mm for the W-beam), a rail thickness of 13 gauge, and a post spacing of 2500 mm. The safety performance of the Buffalo Rail was found to be acceptable according to the procedures and criteria recommended for the three-quarter-ton pickup truck at Test Level 3 in NCHRP Report 350.

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Fischer, Michael J., Dike N. Ahanotu, and Janine M. Waliszewski. "Planning Truck-Only Lanes: Emerging Lessons from the Southern California Experience." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1833, no. 1 (January 2003): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1833-10.

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Recent efforts to develop truck-only facilities in the United States are discussed. The rationale for truck-only highways is described, and the history of efforts to separate trucks and automobiles on the nation's roadways is presented. The truck lane program of the Southern California Association of Governments is one of the most ambitious programs of its type in the United States. Preliminary analysis of truck lanes for SR-60 and I-710 is described. SR-60 is an east–west corridor linking downtown Los Angeles with the warehouse and manufacturing districts of the San Gabriel Valley and the Inland Empire. 1-710 is the major access route to the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. Both freeways each have one of the highest truck volumes in California, and truck mobility on these corridors is a significant problem. Truck lane projects on SR-60 and I-710 are in the feasibility analysis stage and much has been learned in these early studies. Various issues are addressed, including the trade-off between limiting access to improve operational costs and limit capital costs, need to generate demand, time-of-day distribution of truck traffic and its relationship to potentially benefit truck mobility, and need for improved analytical tools. Also described are issues related to facility design and configuration, demand analysis, and toll analysis.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Automobiles Trucks"

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Siegrist, Paul M. "A methodology for monitoring tyre-forces on off-highway mining trucks /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18011.pdf.

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Vap, Derek. "Safety evaluation of large truck-passenger vehicle interactions and synthesis of safety corridors." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4917.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 4, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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Yoon, Seungju. "A new heavy-duty vehicle visual classification and activity estimation method for regional mobile source emissions modeling." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07122005-204032/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Michael O. Rodgers, Committee Chair ; Randall L. Guensler, Committee Member ; Michael D. Meyer, Committee Member ; Michael P. Hunter, Committee Member ; Jennifer H. Ogle, Committee Member.

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Gasparini, Ricardo Ferreira. "Dinâmica longitudinal de veículos pesados = forças resistivas e outros fatores de influência no consumo de combustível." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264373.

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Orientador: Franco Giuseppe Dedini
Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T17:28:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gasparini_RicardoFerreira_M.pdf: 3191496 bytes, checksum: 30659cea3db8d634961f1bb5d3fba1fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: O principal objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a interação de veículos comerciais com o meio e a influência de suas características dinâmicas no consumo de combustível. O primeiro passo é o levantamento dos parâmetros influentes na modelagem para o desempenho veicular, seja este baseado em métodos de energia, seja baseado em métodos de forças. As relações do veículo com o ambiente serão tratadas como aspectos influentes e incluídas no modelo de desempenho. As simulações e a modelagem final foram implementadas no programa GTDrive, software comercial. Conhecendo essas interações entre veículo e meio, e a influência destas interações no consumo de combustível, deseja-se propor uma nova abordagem no desenvolvimento de projetos automotivos para futuras aplicações em veículos comerciais, visando a redução do consumo de combustível no Brasil
Abstract: The main focus of this work is the study of interaction between commercial vehicle and the environment and also the influence of their dynamic characteristics in the fuel consumption. The first step of this work is to analyze the types of vehicle dynamic modeling based on energy and based on forces (Newton). The relationship between the vehicle and it.senvironment will be considered as influent aspects and should be included into vehicle dynamic modeling. By understanding this relationships and their influence in the fuel consumption it is possible to propose an approach to develop new automotive projects for future commercial vehicle applications focus on fuel consumption and taking into account the Brazilian reality
Mestrado
Dinâmica
Mestre em Engenharia Automobilistica

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Bacani, Eleanor Santiago. "Evidence from the Maine Light-Duty Vehicle Market: Are Eco-Marketing Campaigns Effective?" Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BacaniES2008.pdf.

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Blahynka, Roman. "Design nákladního automobilu s elektrickým pohonem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231734.

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This master‘s thesis pertains to the design of a cargo truck with battery electric drivetrain. The presented design offers a solution which respects the technical requirements of such a vehicle, ergonomic needs of its crew, and demands on the aesthetics of a modern commercial vehicle. In consideration of the chosen drivetrain, this solution is proposed as a concept with an outlook of 10 to 15 years in the future. In keeping with the specified goals, this vehicle offers a novel appearance which attempts to characterize the electric drivetrain with certain visual elements, includes solutions that are readily available or currently in development, and optimizes ergonomics for maximum user comfort and safety.

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Desai, Anup. "Obstructive sleep apnoea and driver performance prevalence, correlates, and implications for driver fatigue /." Connect to full text, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/589.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2003.
Includes tables and questionnaires. Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 29, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Medicine. Degree awarded 2003; thesis submitted 2002. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.

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Garcia, Nancy. "Analysis of number and mass concentration of coarse and fine particulate matter measurements within a heavy-duty diesel truck stop." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Kat, Cor-Jacques. "Suspension forces on a tri-axle air suspended semi-trailer." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06242009-153546/.

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Pšenčík, Petr. "Integrace pomocného zdroje do nákladního automobilu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220889.

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This thesis aims to hardware and software integration of solid oxide fuel cell into a power generator for truck application. Requirements for individual components are defined, especially for main DC/DC converter which allows charging the battery pack with output from fuel cell. Then suitable components are found on the market and incorporated into hardware layout. Operation strategy with safety concept is proposed and consequently integrated into PLC in LASAL Class 2 environment. This is followed by definition of future work which includes testing and possible changes in components. Result is hardware and software design which allows construction of prove-of-concept prototype.

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Books on the topic "Automobiles Trucks"

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Bryan, Winget W., ed. Tow trucks. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Co., 2007.

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Rissing, Karen. Cars and trucks. New York, N.Y: Modern Pub., a division of Unisystems, Inc., 1988.

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Rissing, Karen. Cars and trucks. New York, N.Y: Modern Pub., a division of Unisystems, Inc., 1988.

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Farndon, John. Megafast trucks. Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Publishing Group, 2016.

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Graham, Thompson. Cars & trucks. Milwaukee: G. Stevens Pub., 1986.

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Tow trucks. Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press, 2006.

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Goodman, Michael E. Cars and trucks. New York: Golden Book, 1989.

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Marks, Jennifer. Cars and trucks. Mankato, MN: Capstone Press, 2011.

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Philip, Steele. Cars and trucks. New York: Crestwood House, 1991.

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Cars and Trucks. New York: J.B. Communications, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Automobiles Trucks"

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Engström, Tomas, and Lars Medbo. "Materials Flow Analysis, Sociotechnology and Naturally Grouped Assembly Work for Automobiles and Trucks." In Research and Development in Work and Technology, 221–42. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85278-7_26.

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Douady, J. P., S. Fouache, and J. F. Sarrau. "Batteries for heavy trucks." In Lead-Acid Batteries for Future Automobiles, 509–26. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63700-0.00017-9.

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"Failure of a Truck-Engine Valve." In ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Automobiles and Trucks. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.auto.c0046981.

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"Failure Analysis of an Automobile Weldment." In ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Automobiles and Trucks. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.auto.c9001514.

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"Redesign of a Forged Manual Gear-Shift Lever Mechanism to Overcome Unacceptable Fatigue Failure of Original Forging." In ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Automobiles and Trucks. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.auto.c0001784.

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"Fatigue Fracture of a 15B41 Steel Connecting-Rod Cap." In ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Automobiles and Trucks. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.auto.c0046182.

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"Diesel-Engine Crankshaft That Fractured in Fatigue Because of Subsurface Inclusions." In ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Automobiles and Trucks. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.auto.c0047121.

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"Coolant Leakage Through a Cylinder-Head Exhaust Port Caused by Shrinkage Porosity." In ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Automobiles and Trucks. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.auto.c0047263.

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"Fracture of Supplementary Axle-Support Channels for a Highway Trailer Caused by Restricting Welds." In ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Automobiles and Trucks. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.auto.c0047521.

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"Fatigue Fracture of an 8640 Steel Shaft From a Fuel-Injection-Pump Governor Because of Insufficient Fatigue Strength." In ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Automobiles and Trucks. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.auto.c0047846.

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Conference papers on the topic "Automobiles Trucks"

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Frank, Andrew A., S. J. Liu, and S. C. Liang. "Longitudinal Control Concepts for Automated Automobiles and Trucks Operating on a Cooperative Highway." In 1989 Conference and Exposition on Future Transportation Technology. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/891708.

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Schulz, Nathan, Chiara Silvestri Dobrovolny, and Abhinav Mohanakrishnan. "Investigation of Heavy Truck Restraint System Effectiveness Through Finite Element Computer Simulations in Frontal Crashes." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67356.

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Computer finite element simulations play an important role in reducing the cost and time taken for prediction of a crash scenario. While interior crash protection has received adequate attention for automobiles, very little is known for commercial vehicle such as heavy trucks. The understanding of injury types for heavy trucks occupants in relation to different crash scenarios would help mitigation of the injury severity. Finite element computer models of the heavy truck cabin structure, interior cabin components, anthropomorphic test device (ATD) (also called dummy) and passive restraint systems were developed and assembled to simulate head-on crash of a heavy truck into a rigid barrier. The researchers developed a computer simulation parametric evaluation with respect to specific seat belt restraint system parameters for a speed impact of 56.3 km/h (35 mph). Restraint parameter variations within this research study are seat belt load limiting characteristics, inclusion of seat belt pretensioner, and variation of seat belt D-ring location. Additionally an airbag was included to investigate another restraint system. For each simulated impact characteristic and restraint system variation, the occupant kinematics were observed and occupant risks were assessed. Within the approximations and assumptions included in this study, the results presented in this paper should be considered as preliminary guidance on the effectiveness of the use of seat belt as occupant injury mitigation system.

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Madison, Wm Murphy, and Jeffrey T. Lau. "Traditional LRV Side-Load Requirements and Their Applicability to Low Floor Cars." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33253.

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The focus of this paper is to study the application of Light Rail Vehicle (LRV) side-load requirements to Low Floor LRVs (LF LRVs). Although the side-load requirements of LRVs are not completely consistent among different transit authorities, an industry pseudo-standard of 40,000 lbs applied over an 8 foot span at the side sill has emerged. In LF LRVs, this standard may not provide the same level of safety as in High Floor LRVs (HF LRVs). In some US automobiles, the bottom of the bumper is higher than the top of the floor in LF LRVs. Given comparable sidewall construction, when a passenger vehicle impacts the side of an LRV, the opportunity for intrusion/override into the passenger compartment in a LF LRV is higher than that in a HF LRV. The popularity of light trucks, SUVs, minivans and other vehicles with high bumper heights further aggravates this situation.

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Bellman, Miles, Ramesh Agarwal, Jonathan Naber, and Lee Chusak. "Reducing Energy Consumption of Ground Vehicles by Active Flow Control." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90363.

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In U.S, the ground vehicles consume about 77% of all (domestic and imported) petroleum; 34% is consumed by automobiles, 25% by light trucks and 18% by large heavy duty trucks and trailers. It has been estimated that 1% increase in fuel economy can save 245 million gallons of fuel/year. Additionally, the fuel consumption by ground vehicles accounts for over 30% of CO2 and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moreover, most of the usable energy from the engine goes into overcoming the aerodynamic drag (53%) and rolling resistance (32%); only 9% is required for auxiliary equipment and 6% is used by the drive-train. 15% reduction in aerodynamic drag at highway speed of 55mph can result in about 5–7% in fuel saving. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate by numerical simulations that the active flow control (AFC) technology can be easily deployed /retrofitted to reduce the aerodynamic drag of ground vehicles by 15–20% at highway speed. For AFC, we employ a few oscillatory jet actuators (also known as synthetic jet actuators) at the rear face of the ground vehicle. These devices are easy to incorporate into the existing vehicles with very modest cost. The cost may come down significantly for a large volume — in hundreds of millions, especially for ground vehicles. Numerical simulations are performed using the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations on solution adaptive structured grids in conjunction with a two-equation realizable k-ε turbulence model. The commercially available grid generator “GAMBIT” and the CFD solver “FLUENT” are employed in the simulations. Three generic ground vehicle configurations are considered in the simulations; the experimental data has been available for these configurations without and with AFC. The numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experimental data. These studies clearly demonstrate that the AFC techniques can be effectively employed to achieve significant reduction (10–15%) in aerodynamic drag of ground vehicles thereby reducing the fuel consumption by 5–7%.

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5

Kempf, Richard C., William Lyon, W. Charles Trueman, Richard Boyce, and Claude Brunot. "American Automobile Manufacturers Association Heavy Truck Brake Tire Test." In International Truck & Bus Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/952663.

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Dixon, Camille M. "Automobile Crashworthiness Rating: Legislation and Testing." In SAE International Truck and Bus Meeting and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/862046.

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Kim, Young Jae, and Zoran Filipi. "Series Hydraulic Hybrid Propulsion for a Light Truck - Optimizing the Thermostatic Power Management." In 8th International Conference on Engines for Automobiles. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-24-0080.

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Guo, Konghui, and Qing Liu. "Influences of Non-Steady State Tire Cornering Properties on Automobile Shimmy." In International Truck & Bus Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-3757.

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Rinehart, Lloyd M., and Robert A. Novack. "Strategic Transportation and Traffic Management in the Automobile Industry." In SAE International Truck and Bus Meeting and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/881868.

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Reed, Walter S., and A. Taner Keskin. "A Comparison of Automobile and Truck Decelerations During Emergency Braking." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/870502.

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