Journal articles: 'Automotive Ethernet'

1

Kraemer, Bruce. "Automotive Ethernet." IEEE Communications Magazine 54, no. 12 (December 2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/m-com.2016.7785879.

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Johas Teener, Michael David. "Automotive Ethernet AVB Landscape." SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Electronic and Electrical Systems 8, no. 1 (April 14, 2015): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0223.

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Lo Bello, Lucia Lo, Gaetano Patti, and Luca Leonardi. "A Perspective on Ethernet in Automotive Communications—Current Status and Future Trends." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031278.

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Automated driving requires correct perception of the surrounding environment in any driving condition. To achieve this result, not only are many more sensors than in current Advanced Driver Assistant Systems (ADAS) needed, but such sensors are also of different types, such as radars, ultrasonic sensors, LiDARs, and video cameras. Given the high number of sensors and the bandwidth requirements of some of them, high-bandwidth automotive-grade networks are required. Ethernet technology is a suitable candidate, as it offers a broad selection of automotive-grade Ethernet physical layers, with transmission speeds ranging from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps. In addition, the Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) family of standards offers several features for Ethernet-based networks that are suitable for automotive communications, such as high reliability, bounded delays, support for scheduled traffic, etc. In this context, this paper provides an overview of Ethernet-based in-car networking and discusses novel trends and future developments in automotive communications.

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Lee, Trong-Yen, I.-An Lin, and Ren-Hong Liao. "Design of a FlexRay/Ethernet Gateway and Security Mechanism for In-Vehicle Networks." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 23, 2020): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030641.

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Due to the development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), the Ethernet has become one of the most important communication protocols for the future of automotive networks. This is because the existing communication protocols (such as FlexRay) do not provide sufficiently high bandwidth requirements. The main challenge for the automotive industry will be to transfer and extend standard IP and Ethernet into vehicles and still fulfill the automotive requirements. The automotive gateway not only links two or more protocols and exchanges the data using each, but also monitors and ensures functional safety. This paper proposes a FlexRay/Ethernet gateway by considering the development conditions of embedded systems and the security in the field of vehicle networking. The proposed method is implemented on the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) system to evaluate running time and to analyze the overhead of the security mechanism. For one-to-one mapping logic, the execution times of FlexRay to the Ethernet path and Ethernet to FlexRay path are constant, at 4.67 μs and 6.71 μs, respectively. In particular, cybersecurity can be integrated as an extension of the gateway with low latency and power consumption.

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Luo, Feng, Bowen Wang, Zihao Fang, Zhenyu Yang, and Yifan Jiang. "Security Analysis of the TSN Backbone Architecture and Anomaly Detection System Design Based on IEEE 802.1Qci." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (September 24, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6902138.

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With the development of intelligent and connected vehicles, onboard Ethernet will play an important role in the next generation of vehicle network architectures. It is well established that accurate timing and guaranteed data delivery are critical in the automotive environment. The time-sensitive network (TSN) protocol can precisely guarantee the time certainty of the key signals of automotive Ethernet. With the time-sensitive network based on automotive Ethernet being standardized by the TSN working group, the TSN has already entered the vision of the automotive network. However, the security mechanism of the TSN protocol is rarely discussed. First, the security of the TSN automotive Ethernet as a backbone E/E (electrical/electronic) architecture is analyzed in this paper through the Microsoft STRIDE threat model, and possible countermeasures for the security of automotive TSNs are listed, including the security protocol defined in the TSN, so that the TSN security protocol and the traditional protection technology can form a complete automotive Ethernet protection system. Then, the security mechanism per-stream filtering and policing (PSFP) defined in IEEE 802.1Qci is analyzed in detail, and an anomaly detection system based on PSFP is proposed in this paper. Finally, OMNeT++ is used to simulate a real TSN topology to evaluate the performance of the proposed anomaly detection system (ADS). As a result, the protection strategy based on 802.1Qci not only ensures the real-time performance of the TSN but can also isolate individuals with abnormal behavior and block DoS (denial of service) attacks, thus attaining the security protection of the TSN vehicle-based network.

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Zinner, Helge. "Automotive Ethernet und SerDes im Wettbewerb." ATZelektronik 15, no. 7-8 (July 2020): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35658-020-0227-x.

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Zinner, Helge. "Automotive Ethernet and SerDes in Competition." ATZelectronics worldwide 15, no. 7-8 (July 2020): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38314-020-0232-0.

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Min, Jihyeon, Soyoung Jeong, and Youngil Park. "Performance Evaluation of Automotive PLCA Ethernet Using CAN-over-Ethernet (CoE)." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 46, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 1449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2021.46.9.1449.

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Carnevale, Berardino, Luca Fanucci, Samson Bisase, and Harman Hunjan. "MACsec-Based Security for Automotive Ethernet Backbones." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 05 (February 6, 2018): 1850082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618500822.

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The increasing complexity of automotive electronics and the communication of cars with the external environment have led to extensive security issues. The car industry is moving towards the use of Ethernet backbones to improve the performance and reduce the complexity of in-car networks. In this paper, we propose a security solution for automotive Ethernet-based communications. We designed a hardware Media Access Control (MAC) layer based on the MAC Security Standard (MACsec) that considers the specific constraints of the automotive world in terms of latency, throughput and area. From a security point of view, our solution guarantees the confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of data. Furthermore, the system can be configured before synthesis to meet the security needs of the context in which the Ethernet communication is used. We synthesized our architecture on a low-power 28[Formula: see text]nm standard-cell CMOS technology, which is appropriate for automotive microcontrollers. The results show that our implementation is suitable for 100[Formula: see text]Mbps, 1[Formula: see text]Gbps and 10[Formula: see text]Gbps Ethernet speeds introducing less than 350[Formula: see text]ns of latency. The size of the circuit varies from 285 to 622 kgates depending on the required level of security and the required features.

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Yadav, Akhilesh, Poonam Jindal, and Devaraju Basappa. "Design and Implementation of RS(450, 406) Decoder." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 12, no. 1 (January 2021): 19–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijertcs.20210101.oa2.

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Nowadays, in the field of data transmission between receiver and transmitter, the Reed Solomon code is used very frequently. FEC codes have two foremost and influential operations: (1) calculating parity symbols at the encoder side and (2) transmitting message symbols with parity symbols and decoding the received codeword at the second side by using the decoding algorithms. Gigabit automotive ethernet is used in the automotive car to provide better bandwidth for every kind of applications to connect functional components of the vehicles. This error correction technique is used in the gigabit automotive ethernet to reduce the channel noise during data transmission. RS (450, 406) is a powerful error correction techniques used in automotive ethernet. This paper focused only on the analysis of Reed Solomon decoding. Reed Solomon decoding is more efficient decoding techniques for correcting both burst and random errors. The critical steps of the Reed Solomon decoding are to solve the error evaluator and error calculator polynomial, which is also known as KES solver.

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Toghuj, Wael, and Nidal Turab. "Automotive Ethernet architecture and security: challenges and technologies." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 5 (October 1, 2023): 5209. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i5.pp5209-5221.

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<span lang="EN-US">Vehicle infrastructure must address the challenges posed by today's advances toward connected and autonomous vehicles. To allow for more flexible architectures, high-bandwidth connections and scalability are needed to connect many sensors and electronic control units (ECUs). At the same time, deterministic and low latency is a critical and significant design requirement to support urgent real-time applications in autonomous vehicles. As a recent solution, the time-sensitive network (TSN) was introduced as Ethernet-based amendments in IEEE 802.1 TSN standards to meet those needs. However, it had hurdle to be overcome before it can be used effectively. This paper discusses the latest studies concerning the automotive Ethernet requirements, including transmission delay studies to improve worst-case end-to-end delay and end-to-end jitter. Also, the paper focuses on the securing Ethernet-based in-vehicle networks (IVNs) by reviewing new encryption and authentication methods and approaches.</span>

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Mary, Gerardine Immaculate. "Ethernet and Embedded Networking for Automotive Applications." i-manager's Journal on Embedded Systems 1, no. 2 (July 15, 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jes.1.2.1884.

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Gehrmann, Jan-Philipp, and Günter Sporer. "Bandbreite erhöhen Automotive Ethernet und dezentrale Fahrzeugnetzwerke." ATZelektronik 11, no. 6 (December 2016): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35658-016-0097-4.

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14

Bello, Lucia Lo. "The case for ethernet in automotive communications." ACM SIGBED Review 8, no. 4 (December 2011): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2095256.2095257.

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15

Chi, Yao Dan, Di Yuan, and Xiao Tian Yang. "On Ethernet Applications in the Field of Vehicle Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 2287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.2287.

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With the rapid development of the automotive industry, vehicle network has become a new topic. Ethernet, as the wireless communication network technology applied to PC, the official business, the intelligent house-hold appliance and other communicating devices, has entered the field of vehicle network applications. This paper introduces the recent development of the vehicle Ethernet and its characteristics and conducts the general analysis on the future development trend of it by making a contrast of the Ethernet and CAN.

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Panholzer, Emanuel, Vadim Kobelski, Martin Aidam, Walter Franz, and Stefan Lindenmeier. "Method for prediction of EMI Emissions from Automotive Ethernet to Vehicle Antennas." Advances in Radio Science 19 (December 17, 2021): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-19-139-2021.

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Abstract. In automotive application new point-to-point (P2P) wideband communication systems e.g. Automotive Ethernet 100BASE-T1 imply an increasing effort in safeguarding its electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). The state-of-the-art EMC safeguarding process proposes a pre-compliant system level test before the vehicle level test, which may have significant variation in test results due to the different electromagnetic environment. This work presents an approach to calculate the emission signal at the vehicle antenna from the ECU output signal given by the power spectral density (PSD) of the Automotive Ethernet ECUs. The determination is performed via a transfer function which describes the coupling between the Ethernet wire harness and the antenna. This approach considers the modelling of the complex vehicle environment by the transfer function which promises the determination of an accurate emission signal before performing the vehicle level test. Further, the transfer function for a specifically EMC critical cable harness routing along the cockpit area is analyzed in more detail with a 3D simulation, which validates the chosen measurement technique of the transfer function.

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Milbredt, Paul, Efim Schick, and Michael Hübner. "Energy Efficiency Due to a Common Global Timebase—Synchronizing FlexRay to 802.1AS Networks as a Foundation." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 8, no. 3 (August 17, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea8030026.

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Modern automotive control applications require a holistic time-sensitive development. Nowadays, this is achieved by technologies specifically designed for the automotive domain, like FlexRay, which offer a fault-tolerant time synchronization mechanism built into the protocol. Currently, the automotive industry adopts the Ethernet within the car, not only for embedding consumer electronics, but also as a fast and reliable backbone for control applications. Still, low-cost but highly reliable sensors connected over the traditional Controller Area Network (CAN) deliver data needed for autonomous driving. To fusion the data efficiently among all, a common timebase is required. The alternative would be oversampling, which uses more time and energy, e.g., at least double the perception rates of sensors. Ethernet and CAN do require the latter by default. Hence, a global synchronization mechanism eases tremendously the design of a low power automotive network and is the foundation of a transparent global clock. In this article, we present the first step: Synchronizing legacy FlexRay networks to the upcoming Ethernet backbone, which will contain a precise clock over the generalized Precision Time Protocol (gPTP) defined in IEEE 802.1AS. FlexRay then could still drive its strengths with deterministic transmission behavior and possibly also serve as a redundant technology for fail-operational system design.

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Axer, Philip, Daniel Thiele, Rolf Ernst, Jonas Diemer, Simon Schliecker, and Kai R. Richter. "Requirements on Real-Time-Capable Automotive Ethernet Architectures." SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Electronic and Electrical Systems 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-0245.

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Lee, Ho-Yong, and Dong-Hoon Lee. "Security of Ethernet in Automotive Electric/Electronic Architectures." Journal of the Institute of Internet Broadcasting and Communication 16, no. 5 (October 31, 2016): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7236/jiibc.2016.16.5.39.

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DiBiaso, Eric, Bert Bergner, Jens Wuelfing, Robert Wuerker, and Carlos Almeida. "Designing a Connection System for Gigabit Automotive Ethernet." SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Electronic and Electrical Systems 9, no. 1 (April 5, 2016): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0078.

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Rodríguez-Pérez, A., R. Pérez de Aranda, E. Prefasi, S. Dumont, J. Rosado, I. Enrique, P. Pinzón, and D. Ortiz. "Toward the Multi-Gigabit Ethernet for the Automotive Industry." Fiber and Integrated Optics 40, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01468030.2021.1916695.

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Gehrmann, Jan-Philipp, and Günter Sporer. "Higher Bandwidth Automotive-grade Ethernet and Distributed Vehicle Networks." ATZelektronik worldwide 11, no. 6 (December 2016): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38314-016-0085-8.

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Kim, Hyeong-Jun, Min-Hee Choi, Mah-Ho Kim, and Suk Lee. "Development of an Ethernet-Based Heuristic Time-Sensitive Networking Scheduling Algorithm for Real-Time In-Vehicle Data Transmission." Electronics 10, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020157.

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The rapid development and adaptation of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving increases the burden of in-vehicle networks. In-vehicle networks are now required to provide a fast data rate and bounded delay for real-time operation, while conventional protocols such as controller area networks, local interconnected networks, and FlexRay begin to show limitations. Ethernet-based time-sensitive network (TSN) technology has been proposed as an alternative. TSN is a set of Ethernet standards being developed by the IEEE TSN task group, which aims to satisfy requirements such as real-time operation, stability, and low and bounded latency, and it can be used in automotive, industrial, and aerospace applications. This study introduces several standards for Ethernet traffic scheduling based on TSN technology and proposes a heuristic-based scheduling algorithm for Ethernet scheduling. In addition, three network configurations are simulated using OMNeT++ to show the applicability. The heuristic TSN scheduling algorithm is a straightforward and systematic procedure for practical network designers.

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Hu, Yang. "TSN-Based Automotive E/E Architecture." Applied Science and Innovative Research 7, no. 2 (March 28, 2023): p60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/asir.v7n2p60.

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Time-Sensitive Networking, also known as TSN, is a deterministic network based on traditional Ethernet. It offers a bunch of standards or profiles specified by IEEE 802.1 task group which has been evolved from the former IEEE802.1 Audio Video Bridging task group. In Automotive Industry, especially in ADAS domain, TSN backbone communication will gradually merge with or even replace the traditional in-vechile communication like CAN/CANFD/LIN/MOST/FlexRay due to below properties, it plays a key bridge role in heterogeneous SOC communication network.

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Kim, Hyeong-Jun, Kyung-Chang Lee, Man-Ho Kim, and Suk Lee. "Optimal Scheduling of Time-Sensitive Networks for Automotive Ethernet Based on Genetic Algorithm." Electronics 11, no. 6 (March 16, 2022): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11060926.

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In this paper, we proposed a scheduling method to optimize a time-critical traffic using genetic algorithm in automotive ethernet networks. The proposed traffic scheduling method aims to generate a transmission schedule to minimize end-to-end delay, variation of reception time at the destination (jitter), and bandwidth utilization. These indicators should be simultaneously considered when generating a schedule since they are closely related to the performance of the networks. However, it is not easy to schedule the traffic considering these indicators together since they have different sizes and units. To solve this problem, the fitness function to evaluate performance of a chromosome has normalized indicators as parameters. A chromosome in the genetic algorithm consists of genes containing information (size, transmission period, and network delay) of messages to be scheduled. Finally, the applicability of the proposed schedule optimization method was examined by simulating an extended automotive Ethernet network for an autonomous vehicle.

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Takrouni, Manel, Azer Hasnaoui, Ikbel Mejri, and Salem Hasnaoui. "A New Methodology for Implementing the Data Distribution Service on Top of Gigabit Ethernet for Automotive Applications." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 13 (March 12, 2020): 2050210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620502102.

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Today’s vehicles have become increasingly complex, as consumers demand more features and better quality in their cars. Most of these new features require additional electronic control units (ECU) and software control, constantly pushing back the limits of existing architectures and design methodologies. Indeed, modern automobiles have a larger number of critical time functions distributed and running simultaneously on each ECU. Data Distribution Service (DDS) is a publish/subscribe middleware specified by the international consortium Object Management Group (OMG), which makes the information available in real time, while offering a rich range of quality of service (QoS) policies. In this paper, we propose a new methodology to integrate DDS in automotive application. We evaluate the performance of our new design by testing the fulfillment of real time QoS requirements. We also compare the performance of the vehicle application when using FlexRay and Ethernet networks. Computations prove that the use of DDS over Gigabit Ethernet (GBE) is promising in the automotive field.

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Zhou, Zifan, Juho Lee, Michael Stubert Berger, Sungkwon Park, and Ying Yan. "Simulating TSN traffic scheduling and shaping for future automotive Ethernet." Journal of Communications and Networks 23, no. 1 (February 2021): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/jcn.2021.000001.

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Noack, Alexander. "Daten unter Kontrolle Herausforderungen bei der Umstellung auf Automotive Ethernet." ATZelektronik 11, no. 6 (December 2016): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35658-016-0092-9.

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Lee, Young Seo, Jin Ho Kim, and Jae Wook Jeon. "FlexRay and Ethernet AVB Synchronization for High QoS Automotive Gateway." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 66, no. 7 (July 2017): 5737–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2016.2636867.

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Steinbach, Till. "Ethernet-basierte Netzwerkarchitekturen für künftige Echtzeitsysteme im Automobil." ATZ - Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift 121, no. 7-8 (July 2019): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35148-019-0071-6.

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Sommer, Jörg, Elias A. Doumith, and Andreas Reifert. "Cost-Based Topology Optimization of Embedded Ethernet Networks." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 2, no. 1 (January 2011): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jertcs.2011010101.

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During past decades, Ethernet progressively became the most widely used Local Area Network (LAN) technology. Apart from LAN installations, Ethernet also became attractive for other application areas such as industrial control, automotive, and avionics. In traditional LAN design, the objective is to minimize the network deployment cost. However, in embedded networks, additional constraints and ambient conditions add to the complexity of the problem. In this paper, the authors propose a Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm to optimize the physical topology of an embedded Ethernet network. The various constraints and ambient conditions are modeled by a cost map. For networks with small number of nodes and/or switches, the authors were able to find the optimal solutions using adapted algorithms. These solutions will serve as a lower bound for the solutions obtained via the SA algorithm. However, the adapted algorithms are time consuming and application specific. The paper shows that the SA algorithm can be applied in all cases and finds (near-) optimal solutions.

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Jeong, Taikyeong Ted. "Highly scalable intelligent sensory application and time domain matrix for safety-critical system design." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 14, no. 4 (April 2018): 155014771774110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147717741102.

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The designs of highly scalable intelligent sensory application—Ethernet-based communication architectures—are moving toward the integration of a fault recovery and fault-detection algorithm on the automotive industry. In particular, each port on the same network interface card design is required to provide highly scalable and low-latency communication. In this article, we present a study of intelligent sensory application for the Ethernet-based communication architecture and performance of multi-port configuration which is mainly used in safety-enhanced application such as automotive, military, finance, and aerospace, in other words, safety-critical applications. Our contributions and observations on the highly scalable intelligent behavior: (1) proposed network interface card board design scheme and architecture with multi-port configuration are a stable network configuration; (2) timing matrix is defined for fault detection and recovery time; (3) experimental and related verification methods by cyclic redundancy check between client–server and testing platform provide comparable results to each port configurations; and (4) application program interface–level algorithm is defined to make network interface card ready for fault detection.

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Scheitlin, H. "Mit Echtzeit-Ethernet durch die Fabrikation – Ethernet zunehmend im industriellen Umfeld als Kommunikationssystem akzeptiert." wt Werkstattstechnik online 93, no. 5 (2003): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2003-5-355.

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Leong, Ching Chia, and Mohamad Khairi Ishak. "Performance evaluation of embedded ethernet and Controller Area Network (CAN) in real time control communication system." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v8.i1.pp36-50.

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<span lang="EN-US">Real-time communication is important in control network. In real-time communication, message need to be delivered from source to destination within specification. Embedded Ethernet and Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol can be used in control network to achieve hard real-time communication. For embedded Ethernet protocol, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) is the media access control (MAC) used to control data transmission between nodes in network. Back-off algorithm in CSMA/CD is used to handle packet collisions and retransmission. For CAN protocol, it is communication protocol developed mainly for automotive application. It has priority arbitration to handle collisions and retransmission. In this project, embedded Ethernet network models and CAN network models are developed and simulated in MATLAB Simulink software. Several back-off algorithms, which are Binary Exponential Backoff (BEB), Linear Back-off Algorithm, Exponential-Linear back-off Algorithm and Logarithm Back-off Algorithm are proposed and implemented into Embedded Ethernet network model to evaluate the performance. Both embedded Ethernet and CAN network models are extended to 3 nodes, 10 nodes, and 15 nodes to evaluate performance at different network condition. The performance criteria evaluated and discussed are average delay and jitter of packets. The results show that in network with high number of nodes, Linear Back-off Algorithm and Exponential-Linear back-off Algorithm shows improvement in packets delay and jitter. For CAN network, the packet jitter is relatively low.</span>

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Yigui, Luo, Sun Youteng, Florian Schade, Tim Hotfilter, Jürgen Becker, Zhu Yuan, Ouyang Zizhou, and Liang Weiming. "Evaluation of a high-throughput communication link for future automotive ADAS controllers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 9 (August 2019): 2371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019851334.

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The trend toward further integration of automotive electronic control units functionality into domain control units as well as the rise of computing-intensive driver assistance systems has led to a demand for high-performance automotive computation platforms. These platforms have to fulfill stringent safety requirements. One promising approach is the use of performance computation units in combination with safety controllers in a single control unit. Such systems require adequate communication links between the computation units. While Ethernet is widely used, a high-speed serial link communication protocol supported by an Infineon AURIX safety controller appears to be a promising alternative. In this paper, a high-speed serial link IP core is presented, which enables this type of high-speed serial link communication interface for field-programmable gate array–based computing units. In our test setup, the IP core was implemented in a high-performance Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+, which communicated with an Infineon AURIX via high-speed serial link and Ethernet. The first bandwidth measurements demonstrated that high-speed serial link is an interesting candidate for inter-chip communication, resulting in bandwidths reaching up to 127 Mbit/s using stream transmissions.

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Jang, Eunji, Inyoung Kim, and Woongjae Lee. "Synchronize Ethernet-based Fault Injection Algorithm Implementation for Intelligent Automotive Network." Journal of Internet Computing and Services 17, no. 4 (August 31, 2016): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7472/jksii.2016.17.4.43.

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Kobayashi, Shigeru, Koji Horiguchi, Yasuhiro Hyakutake, and Okihiro Sugihara. "Evaluation of Modal Power Distribution of Automotive Optical Gigabit Ethernet Connections." Journal of Lightwave Technology 35, no. 17 (September 1, 2017): 3664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2017.2716981.

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Yang, Hua, Meng-Zhuo Liu, Yi-Hu Xu, Yu-Jing Wu, and Yi-Nan Xu. "Research of Automotive Ethernet Security Based on Encryption and Authentication Method." International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering 11, no. 1 (2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijcte.2019.v11.1230.

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Kim, Dongmin, Sang-yub Lee, and Jung Guk Kim. "A Hybrid Network Protocol and an Automotive Gateway for Ethernet and MOST." KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices 24, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 274–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5626/ktcp.2018.24.6.274.

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40

Bodson, Dennis. "Ethernet Passive Optical Networks—A New Communications Standard [Standards." IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 5, no. 2 (June 2010): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2010.937294.

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Fibich, Christian, Patrick Schmitt, Roland Höller, and Peter Rössler. "Open-Source Ethernet MAC IP Cores for FPGAs: Overview and Evaluation." International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing 2023 (May 23, 2023): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9222318.

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Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) can be found in an increasing number of application domains, such as the telecom industry, the automotive electronics sector, or automation technology as well as in the area of reconfigurable computing. In recent years, it can be observed that the open-source idea which is known from the software domain for a long time also became popular in the world of hardware and FPGA design. In the era of the Internet of Things, many of today’s electronic devices implement some kind of network interface with Ethernet being known as one of the most widely used network standards. Thus, there is consequently a high demand on available Ethernet implementations for FPGA platforms. The goal of this work is to survey available open-source Ethernet MAC IP cores, evaluate existing designs in terms of performance, resource utilization, code quality, or maturity, and to present and summarize the evaluation results herein. Furthermore, advantages of commercial solutions and related publication work are discussed. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first publication that evaluates and compares existing open-source Ethernet MAC IP cores on a large scale. This work should help designers to select an appropriate open-source Ethernet MAC for an FPGA design and shows possible pitfalls and things to pay attention when using an open-source IP core in general. Finally, the authors would like to show that the open-source community can be also very helpful in the world of hardware in terms of design reuse or time to market.

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Oh, Sung Bhin, Young Soo Do, Min Jeong Lee, Jin Ho Kim, and Jae Wook Jeon. "Performance Enhancement of CAN/Ethernet Automotive Gateway with a CAN Data Reduction Algorithm." Electronics 12, no. 13 (June 22, 2023): 2777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132777.

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Data reduction (DR) techniques for the controller area network (CAN) are being developed to reduce the increased bus load caused by the growing number of electronic control units (ECUs) and automotive software complexity in modern automobiles. DR techniques enable the transmission of the same information with less bandwidth, effectively reducing the busload in CAN-based networks. Modern vehicles are composed of various in-vehicle network (IVN) protocols, such as CAN, local interconnect network (LIN), and Ethernet. However, existing DR techniques only consider the communication between CAN nodes. The application of DR techniques to a CAN bus may lead to compatibility issues when communicating with heterogeneous IVN protocols. This paper proposed a CAN/Ethernet gateway system for seamless communication with CAN DR. The proposed gateway system was implemented on a TC275-based embedded system, and its performance was evaluated and analyzed. The experimental results revealed that CAN DR compression effectively improves both the CAN bus load and end-to-end processing time of the gateway system. The CAN bus load was reduced by up to 33.68%, and the average end-to-end processing time was reduced to 336 μs.

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Gerlach, Oliver, Daniele Borrelli, and Alexander Verl. "Steuerung und Regelung mit konventionellem Ethernet." wt Werkstattstechnik online 102, no. 5 (2012): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2012-5-314.

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Ioana, Alexandru, Adrian Korodi, and Ioan Silea. "Automotive IoT Ethernet-Based Communication Technologies Applied in a V2X Context via a Multi-Protocol Gateway." Sensors 22, no. 17 (August 24, 2022): 6382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176382.

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The architectural approach for complex communication systems must adapt quickly and take into consideration the increasing set of requirements for every industrial field. The automotive domain is evolving toward the electrification era, with massive technological transformations being realized on all architectural, hardware, and software levels. The legacy usage of exclusively microcontrollers is altered by adopting microprocessors with extended functionalities, reshaping the development structure. Although new hardware capabilities are available and Ethernet communication protocols can contribute to a new range of use-cases for intra-car or for vehicle-to-X (V2X) communication, the implications of using multiple protocols that cover different types of requirements, in the same architecture, are not fully determined. The importance of establishing clear expectations for intelligent communication systems considering various technological and architectural factors is significant for future improvements. In the current paper, we examine the compatibility and real-time responsiveness capabilities, in a diverse, service-oriented architecture, for the major automotive IoT Ethernet-based communication technologies. The feasibility analysis is materialized in a multi-protocol gateway solution that facilitates data exchange between entities with different technological origins. Scalable Service-Oriented Middleware over IP (SOME/IP) is considered the relevant protocol in the automotive domain, alongside the Data Distribution Service (DDS), which combines automotive and IoT applicability. The enhanced Communication Abstraction Layer (eCAL) middleware is added to the mix as an alternative solution for future communication scenarios. The obtained results confirm the compatibility between the targeted technologies, offering a clear understanding regarding the limits of a complex multi-protocol communication system. The defined service-oriented architecture offers efficient data exchanges in a gateway context, also allowing the exploration of the real-time capabilities.

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Lo Bello, Lucia, Gaetano Patti, and Giancarlo Vasta. "Assessments of Real-Time Communications over TSN Automotive Networks." Electronics 10, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050556.

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The IEEE 802.1Q-2018 standard embeds in Ethernet bridges novel features that are very important for automated driving, such as the support for time-driven communications. However, cars move in a world where unpredictable events may occur and determine unforeseen situations. To properly react to such situations, the in-car communication system has to support event-driven transmissions with very low and bounded delays. This work provides the performance evaluation of EDSched, a traffic management scheme for IEEE 802.1Q bridges and end nodes that introduces explicit support for event-driven real-time traffic. EDSched works at the MAC layer and builds upon the mechanisms defined in the IEEE 802.1Q-2018 standard.

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Mai, Tieu Long, and Nicolas Navet. "Deep Learning to Predict the Feasibility of Priority-Based Ethernet Network Configurations." ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems 5, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3468890.

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Machine learning has been recently applied in real-time systems to predict whether Ethernet network configurations are feasible in terms of meeting deadline constraints without executing conventional schedulability analysis. However, the existing prediction techniques require domain expertise to choose the relevant input features and do not perform consistently when topologies or traffic patterns differ significantly from the ones in the training data. To overcome these problems, we propose a Graph Neural Network (GNN) prediction model that synthesizes relevant features directly from the raw data. This deep learning model possesses the ability to exploit relations among flows, links, and queues in switched Ethernet networks and generalizes to unseen topologies and traffic patterns. We also explore the use of ensembles of GNNs and show that it enhances the robustness of the predictions. An evaluation on heterogeneous testing sets comprising realistic automotive networks shows that ensembles of 32 GNN models feature a prediction accuracy ranging from 79.3% to 90% for Ethernet networks using priorities as the Quality-of-Service mechanism. The use of ensemble models provides a speedup factor ranging from 77 to 1,715 compared to schedulability analysis, which allows a far more extensive design space exploration.

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Lee, Yi Ming, Fu-Yen Yeh, and Shyue Bin Chang. "A Prototype Monitoring System for Automotive CAN Bus Gauge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 1391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.1391.

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CAN bus communication has been used in a serial protocol for connecting electronic control modules together with its hardware and software design in automotive gauge application. The motivation is to develop a PC-based monitoring system for not only CAN frames received from or sent onto CAN bus, but also data recorded on log files consideration. This paper presents a prototype monitoring system on automotive CAN bus gauge for communication protocol in Ford Mustang. For the proposed CAN bus monitoring system, the designed architecture is discussed and verified into PC for surveillance performance. Furthermore the Ethernet technology adopted in the system makes it a more practical and convenient CAN bus testing system.

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He, Hong, Xing Su, Pei Pei Yang, Jian Wen Li, and Shao Hua Shi. "Multipurpose Detecting System for Automotive Switch Function Based on Virtual Instrument (LabVIEW) and Embedded Technology (ARM)." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 937–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.937.

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Contrary to the problem that automobile switches have various kinds and large differences in the structure and performance so that traditional testing methods have been unable to meet the testing requirements of high performance switches, the paper designs a new detection system used to detect the functions of general auto switches which applies the developing environment LabVIEW based on virtual instrument technology and adopts the technology of embedded observe and control system. Using PC as the host computer, the system adopts the LabVIEW8.5 to compile a real-time monitoring system with good human-computer interface; S3C2440-ARM9 processor is used as the main controller of observe and control system in the inferior computer which collects output current signal when the circuit is conducted after switch is pressed. After the coding process of LwIP software protocol and the drive of Ethernet controller DM9000, the signal is transmitted to PC through Ethernet interface. Compared with conventional testing measures, this system greatly improves the real-time performance as well as working efficiency of detecting switch functions and reduces the corresponding human and material resources.

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Khatri, Narayan, Rakesh Shrestha, and Seung Yeob Nam. "Security Issues with In-Vehicle Networks, and Enhanced Countermeasures Based on Blockchain." Electronics 10, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080893.

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Modern vehicles are no longer simply mechanical devices. Connectivity between the vehicular network and the outside world has widened the security holes that hackers can use to exploit a vehicular network. Controller Area Network (CAN), FlexRay, and automotive Ethernet are popular protocols for in-vehicle networks (IVNs) and will stay in the industry for many more years. However, these protocols were not designed with security in mind. They have several vulnerabilities, such as lack of message authentication, lack of message encryption, and an ID-based arbitration mechanism for contention resolution. Adversaries can use these vulnerabilities to launch sophisticated attacks that may lead to loss of life and damage to property. Thus, the security of the vehicles should be handled carefully. In this paper, we investigate the security vulnerabilities with in-vehicle network protocols such as CAN, automotive Ethernet, and FlexRay. A comprehensive survey on security attacks launched against in-vehicle networks is presented along with countermeasures adopted by various researchers. Various algorithms have been proposed in the past for intrusion detection in IVNs. However, those approaches have several limitations that need special attention from the research community. Blockchain is a good approach to solving the existing security issues in IVNs, and we suggest a way to improve IVN security based on a hybrid blockchain.

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Thiele, Daniel, Johannes Schlatow, Philip Axer, and Rolf Ernst. "Formal timing analysis of CAN-to-Ethernet gateway strategies in automotive networks." Real-Time Systems 52, no. 1 (October 7, 2015): 88–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11241-015-9243-y.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Automotive Ethernet'

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