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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Automotive seat'
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Alfadhli, Abdulaziz. "Active seat suspensions for automotive applications." Thesis, University of Bath, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760992.
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Vehicle drivers are exposed daily to harmful low-frequency vertical vibration over the frequency range of 1-20 Hz. This reduces ride comfort and safety as well as possibly causing long-term harmful effects on human health in the form of lower back pain and driver fatigue. Accordingly, intensive work has been undertaken in this field on active seat suspension systems that have superior performance over a wide frequency range compared with passive and semi-active systems. One of the main features of these systems is the control strategy that is used to generate the demand control force and whilst many control strategies have been investigated in this area; their practical implementation is challenging as they require unavailable or expensive system states. Hence, in this thesis, a novel and cost-effective strategy has been developed that uses measurable and inexpensive displacement and velocity preview information from the vehicle suspension. In addition to these practical advantages, employing a prior knowledge of the disturbance in the control strategy increases the ability of the active seat to react rapidly to disturbances and hence provides a supplementary improvement to the vibration attenuation performance. The potential application of this strategy for an active seat suspension is investigated through both simulation and experimental tests. Firstly, for simplicity, the control force is defined from this suspension preview information based upon a linear control approach, with optimum gains using an integrated simulation model of a linear quarter vehicle model (QvM) and one degree of freedom of seat suspension. These gains are obtained off-line by optimising ride comfort in terms of the vertical Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility (SEAT) factor using a genetic algorithm (GA) and considering the physical constraints on both the limited seat suspension travel and actuator force capacity. The experimental tests are performed using a prototype active seat suspension installed on a multi-axis simulation table (MAST), which has been developed to mimic the dynamic motion of the sprung mass of the (QvM) through the principle of hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulation. Moreover, the experimental test rig is used to estimate the characteristics of a passive seat suspension as well as the driver’s body model. The ‘preview’ control strategy is examined according to the ISO 2631-1 standard, in both the frequency and time domains, under a range of operating conditions, including different road profiles and vehicle speeds. Both simulation and experimental results reveal that, in comparison with a passive seat suspension, employing this strategy for the active seat system significantly improves ride comfort, especially over the HBSF range (4-8 Hz). Also, experimental tests demonstrate that combining both the preview information with the vehicle body and seat acceleration feedback states provides further improvement in the vibration attenuation level, achieving up to a 19.5 dB reduction over the HBSF range. The linear control approach cannot always satisfy the physical constraints over a range of operating conditions and thus, to overcome this fault, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is selected. Accordingly, two novel and cost-effective FLCs are designed and optimised using the Particle Swarming Optimisation (PSO) algorithm. The feedforward fuzzy logic controller (FF-FLC) uses similar preview information as in the linear control approach, while the feedforward/feedback controller (FFFB-FLC) utilises a combination of both the preview information with seat suspension deflection and velocity feedback states. Once again, the simulation and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of these strategies for attenuating the vertical vibration, especially over the HBSF range, in which the FFFB-FLC provides the best performance as well as the highest robustness level at a variety of different driver weights and vehicle speeds. The application of the preview enhanced controller for an active seat suspension in a full vehicle model has been investigated in the simulation. Accordingly, three FLCs strategies, namely, front-left suspension (FLS-FLC), front-axle (FA-FLC) and four wheels (4W-FLC), have been developed based upon which vehicle suspension or/ suspensions are used to acquire the preview information. The former involves utilising suspension displacement and velocity preview information from the vehicle suspension nearest to the driver’s seat. The FA-FLC uses similar preview information, but from the front-left and front-right suspensions, whilst the 4W-FLC controller employs similar preview information from all the vehicle suspensions. Numerical results show that the proposed controllers are very useful in attenuating the vertical acceleration at the driver’s seat compared with a passive alternative. The 4W-FLC provides the best vibration attenuation performance, independent of the vehicle speed. Finally, to reduce the implementation cost of this controller, a practical alternative has been developed that requires less measured preview information. In conclusion, using the preview information enhanced controller for an active seat suspension provides a practical and cost-effective system that improves ride comfort and reduces driver fatigue.
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Fonte, William Giacomo. "An automotive lower back seat system design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32140.
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Malowicki, Mark. "Active Vibration Isolation Using an Induced Strain Actuator with Application to Automotive Seat Suspensions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9640.
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The characteristics of an automotive passenger seat in response to vibrational excitations are examined and an active vibration isolation system incorporating smart materials is designed, built, and tested. Human sensitivity to vibration is discussed. Characteristics of road roughness are discussed and used to implement a representative test input to a passenger seat system. extsc{Matlab} is used to model the car seat and vehicle system with four degrees of freedom to determine actuator requirements. Selection and implementation of a low--profile, prestressed piezoceramic device into an active seat suspension system is described, and experimental results of the actuator assembly performance are presented. Vibration isolation is realized in an experimental setup representing one quarter of a seat and passenger's total mass, using one actuator assembly (representing one corner of the seat suspension).
For an input power spectrum representative of a passenger vehicle environment, the smart material actuator assembly, as applied to a quarter seat experimental setup, is proven to be capable of isolating vibration with an isolation frequency of 2Hz and no resonant peak, versus 6Hz and a resonant peak of 2g/g for an actual passenger seat tested.Master of Science
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Karlsson, Hanna, and Hanna Tullock. "User perceptions of belt in seat installations : A comfort and mobility study." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för maskinteknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-10975.
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This thesis' work has been conducted at and made possible by Autoliv Sverige AB in Vårgårda. The aim of this thesis is to study how the occupant experience of the belt changes when it is moved from a traditional installation point in the car's B-pillar, to the seat. This shall be studied in terms of how the perceived comfort is influenced by a belt in seat in an upright and a reclined seat back position of 20 and 45 degrees, for different sizes of occupants. Also how the ability to reach a belt in seat is affected by the size and mobility of the occupant. Based on this new knowledge, an optimal outlet position for a belt in seat shall be proposed, from a comfort perspective. The work has used a cross-sectional research approach to achieve its purpose. Through the cross-sectional approach, several different qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. Initially, a literature study where subjects relevant to the forthcoming study was studied. Meanwhile, a competitive analysis of existing belt in seat installations in new cars available on the market was planned and carried out. In the main element of this work, a two-part comfort and mobility study with a belt in seat was performed. The study combined the methods interview, survey and observation. Through the interview, qualitative questions were asked as a complement to the quantitative responses given by the test subjects on scales in the survey. Observations were used to observe the subjects' behavior and difficulties regarding the belt in seat. A major limitation of the results of the study is the deficient distribution of sitting heights and genders in the group of test subjects, which founded a certain bias in the results. This has been the reason why it has not been possible to draw any certain conclusions from the results, however, some trends have been seen. The comfort study revealed several different assessments of the belt that contributed to discomfort, including the perception of the belt being too close to the neck or too far out on the shoulder. Additionally, the discomfort significantly impaired when the seat was reclined to the relaxed state. The mobility study showed that more subjects felt limited by their own bodies in the movement than by the belt. In addition did the reversed belt geometry create large discomfort issues at the neck. An important conclusion of this thesis is that the seat's design is as important to the customer experience of discomfort of the belt as the positioning of the outlet. It has also become clear that the accessibility of a belt in seat is strongly limited, as it was tested in this study.
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Sekonyela, Malira Patience. "Integrating Lesotho economy into the regional automotive value chain : manufacturing of car-seat covers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17421.
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Includes bibliographical referencesThe purpose of this study was to analyse the Automotive Industry in Southern Africa, to assess how best Lesotho can contribute to this supply chain. This analysis was done to better understand the sector, to identify Lesotho's potential to produce car seat covers for South African automotive assembly plants, and find the best trade policies and programmes to support value chains in the sector. The plan was to assess the possibility for Lesotho made automotive components manufacturers to supply the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs - the main automotive assembly plants), and use the South African Automotive Industry as the entry point for the Lesotho components to penetrate the Regional Automotive Value Chain. The main focus of this study was the manufacturing of car-seat covers to supply the seven Original Equipment Manufacturers namely: Volkswagen, BMW, Renault, Toyota, Daimler Chrysler, Ford and Mercedes Benz. The impact of Motor Industry Development Programme (MIDP) and Automotive Production and Development Programme (APDP) on the industry was assessed. The impact of the APDP on relocation of components manufacturers to other Southern African Customs Union (SACU) countries was assessed, Lesotho being used as a case study. It set out to find out if Lesotho firms have the potential to contribute to the automotive value chains through manufacture of car seat covers.
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Weekes, Alix M. "Systems for the automotive industry for improved safety of pregnant occupants." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6374.
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The thesis presents an investigation of pregnant women s safety and comfort needs during car travel. A survey is used to investigate all aspects and problems of car travel. This survey is a comprehensive examination of the entire driving activity with much detail of reported difficulties from pregnant women that forms a novel resource for the automotive engineers. The survey results are used to generate guidelines for the automotive industry. A series of sled tests are presented that investigate seat belt use in pregnancy including the use of lap belt positioners. The peak abdominal pressure results clearly agree with current guidelines that the lap belt should be positioned across the hips and not across the abdomen. This research includes a novel anthropometric dataset for 107 pregnant women including measurements especially selected for the field of automotive design and to describe the changes of pregnancy. This includes investigation of pregnant driver s proximity to the steering wheel. A novel measurement of knee splay is used to define the pregnant women s preference to sit with their knees widely spaced instead of knees together, in both normal sitting and in a car. Comparison is made between the pregnant women's measurements and the available data in the literature for non-pregnant women and males, and this shows that pregnant women can be excluded from designs if the accommodation does not consider their needs. The pregnant women's anthropometric data is presented as a novel website in order to make the data available to the automotive industry. This website is generated for use by automotive engineers and is designed to suit their usability needs and the general trends within the industry, in order to make the site more user-friendly and more likely to be used as a reference for pregnant occupant's needs.
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Thiyagarajan, Prasanna B. "Non-linear finite element analysis and optimization for light weight design of an automotive seat backrest." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1233080753/.
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Smith, Jordan. "Driving ergonomics for an elevated seat position in a light commercial vehicle." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/20107.
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With more legislation being enforced to achieve a reduction in road transport CO2 emissions, automotive companies are having to research and develop technologies that deliver greener driving . Whilst emissions from passenger vehicles have dropped over recent years, there has been an increase in emissions from light commercial vehicles (LCVs). The nature of LCV delivery work is a routine of ingress/egress of the vehicle, changing from a standing to a seated posture repetitively throughout the day. One research focus is packaging occupants in to a smaller vehicle space, in order to reduce the amount of vehicle emissions over its lifecycle. For LCVs, benefits from space saving technology could be an increase in overall loading space (with the same vehicle length) or a reduction in the overall length/weight of the vehicle. Furthermore, an elevated seat posture could reduce the strain on drivers during ingress/egress, as it is closer than that of a conventional seat to a standing posture. Whilst space saving technology has obvious benefits, current driving conventions and standards are not inclusive of new and novel seated postures when packaging a driver in to a vehicle. The fundamental purpose of a vehicle driver s seat is to be comfortable and safe for the occupant and to facilitate driving. It has been shown that a seat needs both good static and dynamic factors to contribute to overall seat comfort. Additionally, comfortable body angles have been identified and ratified by studies investigating comfortable driving postures; however, this knowledge only applies to conventional driving postures. For an elevated posture , defined as having the driver s knee point below the hip point, there is little research or guidance. The overall aim of this thesis is to identify the ergonomic requirements of a wide anthropometric range of drivers in an elevated driving posture for LCVs, which was investigated using a series of laboratory based experiments. An iterative fitting trial was designed to identify key seat parameters for static comfort in an elevated posture seat. The results showed that in comparison with a conventional seat: Seat base length was preferred to be shorter (380mm compared with 460mm); Seat base width was preferred to be wider (560mm compared with 480mm); Backrest height was preferred to be longer (690mm compared with 650mm). These findings provided a basis for a seat design specification for an elevated posture concept seat, which was tested in two subsequent laboratory studies. A long-term discomfort evaluation was conducted, using a driving simulator and a motion platform replicating real road vibration. Discomfort scores were collected at 10-minute intervals (50-minutes overall) using a body map and rating scale combination. The results indicated that in comparison with the conventional posture, the elevated posture performed as well, or better (significantly lower discomfort for right shoulder and lower back; p<0.05, two-tailed), in terms of long-term discomfort. Furthermore, the onset of discomfort (i.e. the time taken for localised discomfort ratings to be significantly higher than the baseline ratings reported before the trial) occurred after as little as 10 minutes (conventional posture) and 20 minutes (elevated posture) respectively. A lateral stability evaluation was conducted using low-frequency lateral motion on a motion platform (platform left and right rolls of 14.5°). Stability scores were reported after each sequence of rolls, comparing scores on a newly developed lateral stability scale between three seats: Conventional posture seat; Elevated posture concept seat (EPS1); Elevated posture concept seat with modifications aimed at improving stability (EPS2). Participants reported being more unstable in EPS1, compared with the conventional posture seat (p<0.05, Wilcoxon). However, the EPS2 seat performed equally to the conventional posture seat. These findings suggest that the elevated posture seat developed in this research is a feasible and comfortable alternative to a conventional posture seat. Furthermore, the final elevated seating positions showed that real space saving can be achieved in this posture thus allowing for more compact and lighter vehicles and potentially reducing strain on drivers during ingress/egress.
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Chelikani, Abhinand. "Simulation of a backrest moment test for an automotive front seat using nonlinear contact finite element analysis." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202409952/.
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Abdollahifakhr, Hamon, and Ceyhun Sengul. "AUTOMATIC DESIGN OF WIRING PATTERN FOR CAR SEAT HEATERS." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Maskinteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-13968.
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This projects aims to develop design automation in product development. Design automation causes increase in producibility and decrease in product cost and manufacturing lead time. The study at hand is proposed to provide a new method and to introduce procedure to the design of wiring pattern for a car seat heater for Kongsberg Automotive, KA. KA is a Norwegian company and a global provider of engineering, design, and manufacture for seat comfort, driver and motion control systems, fluid assemblies, and industrial driver interface products. The method that currently is used in the company to create a wiring pattern is neither sufficient enough nor automated. In order to design the wiring pattern, at first procedure is handled by the designer. Secondly, car seat heater 2D layout is imported and then, the dimensions of the elements are defined as constraints. Then VBA codes are opened and the program is run. The result will be a wiring pattern in different 2D layouts. To make the design process easier, we have modeled five different layouts; wiring pattern of one element, two elements, three elements, five elements (with two back sides) and one element trapezoidal 2D layout. The algorithm written in VBA (Visual basic for application) creates the pattern according to the dimensions of the elements which are used as inputs to define constrained parameters. The created macros are simple to use and easy to modify, independent from the programming knowledge. The user is only responsible with parameter input and running the program. The solution gives wiring pattern for a car seat heater.
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Kubátová, Michaela. "Pozice značky Seat v rámci portfolia skupiny Volkswagen na evropském trhu osobních automobilů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192475.
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The main objective of the thesis is an analysis of the position of the SEAT brand in the VW Group portfolio. The main focus of the work stays in the European market of personal cars. The work consists of two parts. The first part explains the theoretical tools needed for branding and brand management. Specifically, it is devoted to the brand and its attributes as well as positioning and segmentation, considering also the specifics of the automotive industry in the European market. The second part is analyzing the SEAT brand from two main points of view. The first considers only the VW portfolio. The second one analyses SEAT given its European main competitors. Brand positioning, the automotive market development trends and European customer preferences represent the basis for the comparison in both fields. The findings of the work explain if there is a potential for the SEAT brand to stay in the VW portfolio.
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Silva, Ricardo Henrique da. "Integração de ferramentas do Design Thinking e da metodologia TRIZ na fase conceitual de um processo de desenvolvimento de um novo produto na indústria automotiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3149/tde-23052018-101451/.
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O que se desejou investigar é se a metodologia do Design Thinking (DT) e da Teoria de Resolução de Problemas Inventivos (TRIZ) podem ser utilizadas em conjunto de maneira sinérgica na fase conceitual de um processo de desenvolvimento de produto (PDP) automotivo do tipo APQP (Advanced Product Quality Planning) com a finalidade de alavancar a criatividade na geração de ideias e, ao mesmo tempo, selecionar o melhor conceito para levar às demais fases do PDP. A presente pesquisa busca entender dentro da literatura os pontos fortes e limitações de cada uma das metodologias e, ao mesmo tempo, propõe uma forma de combiná-las à metodologia APQP. O processo proposto é então testado dentro de um projeto de redução de massa de guarnição de carroceria na região da porta de um veículo automotivo de passeio. Como ficará demonstrado, o PDP automotivo do tipo APQP, utilizando a melhoria proposta, se mostra mais eficaz ao alavancar a criatividade ao mesmo tempo que consolida uma fase de conceito dentro do APQP automotivo tradicional. Através desta pesquisa, concluiu-se que ambas as metodologias são sinérgicas e que, portanto, podem trazer melhorias para o atual processo APQP, alavancando a qualidade e assertividade da geração de ideias, bem como apoiando a seleção do melhor conceito a ser levado para as próximas fases.This research aimed to verify whether the methodology of Design Thinking (DT) and the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) could be used together synergistically in the conceptual phase of a new product development project (NPD) in the automotive industry through the also know APQP (Advanced Product Quality Planning) process. The main purpose was to leverage the creativity by generating ideas that are more qualified and, at the same time, select the best product concepts to be taken to the next phases of the NPD. This research seeks to understand within the literature the strengths and limitations of each of the methodologies and, at the same time, a proposal is made on how to integrate them into the APQP methodology. The proposed process is then tested in a project of mass reduction of the door body seal of an automotive vehicle. As shall be demonstrated, the automotive NPD, by using the improvement proposal, will become more effective by leveraging the creativity while consolidates a conceptual stage within the APQP. Through this research, it is concluded that both methodologies are synergistic and, therefore, can bring improvements for the current APQP process by leveraging the quality and assertiveness of the generation of ideas, as well as supporting to select the best concept to be taken to the next phases.
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Winter, Jaroslav. "Modulární dopravník." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234407.
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This master thesis deals with a structural design of the modular roller conveyor which is part of the flexible assembly line of automotive seats. The work includes design and functional solution for a driven roller track. Present structural design of roller conveyors is summarized in the first part of the work.
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Filho, Edson Souza de Jesus. ""PROCESSAMENTO, USINAGEM E DESGASTE DE LIGAS SINTERIZADAS PARA APLICAÇÕES AUTOMOTIVAS"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-28062007-123420/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver potenciais materiais para aplicações automotivas, em particular como insertos para assento de válvula em motores de combustão interna à gasolina. O desenvolvimento compreendeu as etapas de processamento dos materiais via metalurgia do pó, tratamento térmico, caracterização microestrutural e mecânica, usinagem e desgaste dos mesmos. O desenvolvimento objetivou principalmente a redução de custo e a aplicação de elementos menos poluentes, excluindo-se, por exemplo, a aplicação do Co devido ao seu alto custo e do Pb devido aos seus efeitos toxicológicos e prejudiciais ao meio ambiente. A realização de uma pesquisa minuciosa na busca de patentes relacionadas indicou que os materiais estudados apresentam composições particulares, e, portanto inéditas. Os resultados encontrados nos ensaios de dureza e de resistência à compressão radial nas amostras tratadas termicamente apresentaram resultados superiores aos da liga comercial atualmente em uso. Testes de usinabilidade em amostras sem tratamento térmico apresentaram comportamento similar ao da liga comercial, indicando que a usinabilidade do material praticamente não foi afetada com a mudança na composição química. Após a etapa de tratamento térmico, as ligas obtidas apresentaram valores de esforços de corte superiores aos do material comercial. Os resultados dos testes de desgaste abrasivo em amostras tratadas termicamente apresentaram menores valores de coeficientes de atrito e perda de massa em todos os casos em relação ao material comercial. Este comportamento é devido aos benefícios introduzidos pelo tratamento térmico executado e pela adição de alguns elementos resistentes ao desgaste na forma de carbonetos de Nb e Ti/W. Os resultados dos esforços de corte apresentaram boa concordância com os resultados dos ensaios de desgaste. Os materiais produzidos apresentam-se como potenciais candidatos para substituir, com vantagens, inserto para assento de válvula a base de Fe-Co em motores de combustão interna a gasolina.The aim of this work was the development of materials for automotive applications, in particular, valve seat inserts for gasoline combustion engines. The development involved the following activities: processing by powder metallurgy techniques, heat treatment, mechanical and microstructural characterization, machining and wear of materials. This work was undertaken aiming cost reduction of this component by the use of cheaper and less pollutant elements, eliminating the presence of Co and Pb due to their high cost and toxicological effects, respectively. The accomplishment of a thorough research into patents revealed that the materials studied here present particular compositions and were not yet produced. The results of hardness measurements and the transverse radial strength of the studied materials, after heat treatment, revealed superior properties than the commercial alloys applied at the moment. The machining tests of the material without heat treatment indicated a similar behaviour in comparison to the commercial alloy, suggesting that the new alloy chemistry composition was not deleterious in this sense. After heat treatment, the obtained alloys presented a cutting force increase in relation to the commercial alloy. Wear tests results of heat treated materials presented smaller friction coefficient and mass loss than the commercial alloy, in all cases. This was especially achieved due to the advantages offered by heat treatment allied to the addition of NbC and Ti/W carbides. The materials obtained here showed to be potential candidates to substitute with advantages, valve seat inserts made of Fe-Co alloys for gasoline combustion engines.
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Navarro, Jennifer Dawn 1978. "Energy management of vehicle collision forces on automotive seats." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9048.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 68).
An energy management system (EMS) was designed to minimize front and rear collision forces experienced by the occupants of automotive vehicles by at least 50%. The EMS is a hydraulic damper consisting of a control valve, a pressure operated directional control valve, and a hydraulic cylinder. The system operates entirely upon the forces experienced in the collision and dissipates the energy through a 30° rotation of the occupant's seat back. The damper is designed to withstand the maximum collision forces resulting in front collisions at 30 mph and rear collision at 11 mph. The maximum chest load on an occupant in these collisions is approximately 5,000 lbs. A resulting maximum load of up to 13,900 lbs is exerted on the damper. The damper is designed to dissipate half of this energy and operate at an average load of 6,642 lbs and a corresponding pressure of 4,550 psi. The result of this damper is a 52% reduction in the force exerted on an occupant's chest in a front collision from 5000 lbs to 2390 lbs.
by Jennifer Dawn Navarro.
S.B.
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Deake, Jeremy J. "Volume optimization of a simple planetary gear set." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1591595.
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This thesis describes a custom algorithm developed to optimize a simple planetary gear set. The optimization minimizes volume for one simple planetary gear set using American Gear Manufacturers Association stress equations, custom design constraints, and material constraints. Through predetermined reactions to adjustments, component features and planetary variables are modified systematically to obtain the target solution. This thesis demonstrates that the defined approach is an effective means of balancing all three components of a simple planetary gear set, thus resulting in a solution that has been optimized for volume.
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Ullah, Naseem. "Implementing and Analyzing Single Edge Nibble Transmission (SENT) Protocol for Automotive Applications." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-38034.
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With advancement in automotive systems, it is not just the combination of mechanical devices like in old days. Almost all the systems of today's modern car are controlled electronically by a number of ECUs (Electronics Control Unit) with the combination of sensor modules. To exchange information between the ECU and sensor modules a number of communication standards are used. The most commonly used standards are CAN, LIN, and PWM etc. The data transmission between the ECU and sensor modules can be easily established with a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) techniques in comparison with CAN or LIN. PWM provide a convenient solution in terms of cost and performance when the data-rate is up to 10-bits. While for higher resolution data rates its performance is not satisfied. Extra effort is needed to implement diagnostic information for the integrity of data. Also, the accuracy of PWM signal is dependent on the noise voltage and channel bandwidth. In 10-bit system a single bit is represented by 4mV which face serious problem in automotive system due to the noise voltage pulses which effect the resolution of the PWM. The alternative solution for safe and high data rate which is more than 10-bit resolution is to used CAN and LIN protocols. Both CAN and LIN have availability of diagnostic modes for an ensured data transmission. Also, their capabilities for interconnecting a number of nodes (sensors-modules) on the same network can significantly reduce the wiring cost. But in automotive a number of systems need to communicate through point-to-point link, and it seem to be too expensive to used CAN and LIN for point-to-point communication because of its development complexity and wiring cost for a standalone system. To overcome these issues and to provide an alternative low-cost solution the SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) developed a 3-wire new digital point-to-point protocol called SENT. SENT (Single Edge Nibble Transmission) Protocol is now an international standard (SAE J2716). SENT is unidirectional point-to-point communication protocol, which can be used for high resolution data transmission between sensor module and ECU. The data are transmitted by sensor module in a series of pulses each pulse is 4-bit (one nibble) long and the data are measured between two falling edges by the receiving module. There are total of nine pulses which defined the SENT frame. The first pulse is called calibration pulse, it is used for compensating to recalibrate all the other pulses in case of transmitter clock deviation, this is the best feature of SENT and can be implemented in the decoder design. This thesis work focuses on the development of SENT protocol decoder and its signal robustness analysis in comparison with the conventional PWM signal. Our first goal is to developed SENT-Protocol decoder in software on the available microcontrollers is to check how much memory foot print is used and how much the processor overhead. Two platforms have been used for this purpose. First, two implementation designs prototype were made with fixed-point and floating-point development techniques on the 32-bit platform for SENT decoder. Secondly SENT-decoder were developed with 8-bit platform and compared with the two previous designs to check how much memory foot print is used and how much is the processor overhead. Finally, the signal integrity analysis has been performed for PWM and SENT signal using spice simulation. The purpose is to check the maximum data rate limit that the PWM signal support without creating any bit error in the transmitted signal. The same data rate is then used for SENT signal to be compared with PWM signal.
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Caliskan, Demirag Ozgun. "Demand Management in Decentralized Logistics Systems and Supply Chains." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16185.
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We analyze issues arising from demand management in decentralized decision-making environments. We consider logistics systems and supply chains, where companies' operations are handled with independent entities whose decisions affect the performance of the overall system.
In the first study, we focus on a logistics system in the sea cargo industry, where demand is booked by independent sales agents, and the agents' capacity limits and sales incentives are determined by a central headquarters. We develop models for the central headquarters to analyze and optimize capacity allocation and sales incentives to improve the performance of the decentralized system. We use network flow problems to incorporate agent behavior in our models, and we link these individual problems through an overall optimization problem that determines the capacity limits. We prove a worst-case bound on the decentralized system performance and show that the choice of sales incentive impacts the performance.
In the second study, we focus on supply chains in the automotive industry, where decentralization occurs as a result of the non-direct sales channels of the auto manufacturers. Auto manufacturers can affect their demand through sales promotions. We use a game theoretical model to examine the impact of retailer incentive and customer rebate promotions on the manufacturer's pricing and the retailer's ordering/sales decisions. We consider several models with different demand characteristics and information asymmetry between the manufacturer and a price discriminating retailer. We characterize the subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium decisions and determine which promotion would benefit the manufacturer under which market conditions. We find that the retailer incentives are preferred when demand is known. On the other hand, when demand is highly uncertain the manufacturer is better off with customer rebates. We extend this research by analyzing a competitive setting with two manufacturers and two retailers, where the manufacturers' promotions vary between retailer incentives and customer rebates. We find an equilibrium outcome where customer rebates reduce the competitor's profits to zero. We observe in numerical examples that the manufacturers are able to increase their sales and profits with retailer incentives, although this can be at the expense of the retailers' profits under some situations.
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Dotson, Gary Scott. "Characterization of asbestos exposure among automotive mechanics servicing and handling asbestos-containing materials." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001643.
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Wong, Wilson Kia Onn. "To what extent and why has the structure of the global automotive components industry changed since the 1980s? : an analysis of the global tyres, seats, constant velocity joints, brakes and automotive semiconductor sectors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648395.
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Ambaripeta, Hari Prasad. "Range Extender Development for Electric Vehicle Using Engine Generator Set." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1424202532.
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Seshan, Amit Vishwanath 1976. "Extension of set-based inference mechanism for predicate logic design constraints with an application to automotive power window design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89277.
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Ho, Hon Ping. "The Influence of Braking System Component Design Parameters on Pedal Force and Displacement Characteristics. Simulation of a passenger car brake system, focusing on the prediction of brake pedal force and displacement based on the system components and their design characteristics." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7447.
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This thesis presents an investigation of braking system characteristics, brake system performance and brake system component design parameters that influence brake pedal force / displacement characteristics as ‘felt’ by the driver in a passenger car. It includes detailed studies of individual brake system component design parameters, operation, and the linear and nonlinear characteristics of internal components through experimental study and simulation modelling. The prediction of brake pedal ‘feel’ in brake system simulation has been achieved using the simulation modelling package AMESim. Each individual brake system component was modelled individually before combining them into the whole brake system in order to identify the parameters and the internal components characteristics that influence the brake pedal ‘feel’. The simulation predictions were validated by experimentally measured data and demonstrated the accuracy of simulation modelling. Axisymmetric Finite Element Analysis (using the ABAQUS software) was used to predict the behaviour of nonlinear elastomeric internal components such as the piston seal and the booster reaction disc which was then included in the AMESim simulation model. The seal model FEA highlighted the effects of master cylinder and caliper seal deformation on the brake pedal ‘feel’. The characteristics of the brake booster reaction disc were predicted by the FEA and AMESim simulation modelling and these results highlighted the importance of the nonlinear material characteristics, and their potential contribution to brake pedal ‘feel’ improvement. A full brake system simulation model was designed, prepared, and used to predict brake system performance and to design a system with better brake pedal ‘feel’. Each of the brake system component design parameters was validated to ensure that the braking system performance was accurately predicted. The critical parameter of brake booster air valve spring stiffness was identified to improve the brake ‘pedal ‘feel’. This research has contributed to the advancement of automotive engineering by providing a method for brake system engineers to design a braking system with improved pedal ‘feel’. The simulation model can be used in the future to provide an accurate prediction of brake system performance at the design stage thereby saving time and cost.
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Sy, Djibril. "Modélisation et optimisation des performances acoustiques d'un tablier d'automobile en alliage de magnésium." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1589.
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Résumé : Ce projet fait partie du projet MFERD (Magnésium Front End Research and Development) qui vise à développer les technologies permettant de rendre les alliages de Magnésium (Mg) comme un principal matériau structural pour les voitures (aujourd'hui essentiellement constituées d'acier quatre fois plus lourd que le Mg) afin d'en réduire leur masse pour des raisons environnementales et sécuritaires. Dans ce travail de maîtrise nous avons regardé la partie acoustique dans le cas d'un tablier (structure métallique derrière le tableau de bord) en magnésium. En effet, le confort acoustique à l'intérieur des voitures est devenu un argument de marketing d'une grande importance. Le tablier en séparant le compartiment moteur, source de bruit, de l'habitacle, joue un rôle important dans l'isolation acoustique de l'intérieur de la voiture. Ainsi le passage d'un tablier en acier à un tablier en Mg ne doit pas entraîner une baisse de performance. Dans ce travail, nous avons d'abord effectué une revue de la littérature sur les types de traitements acoustiques utilisés dans l'industrie automobile ainsi que des différentes techniques de leur modélisation. Nous avons ensuite comparé les performances acoustiques du tablier en Mg sur lequel on a appliqué des traitements classiques (à une couche, deux couches et trois couches) à celles des tabliers en acier et en aluminium et ce, à masse surfacique, raideur et/ou fréquences de résonnances égales. Finalement nous avons optimisé différents concepts de traitements acoustiques innovants appliqués sur le tablier en Mg en vue d'avoir des performances acoustiques semblables ou supérieures à celles du tablier en acier classique. L'optimisation s'est faite à partir d'un modèle SEA (Statitical Energy Analysis) couplé à un code d'optimisation basé sur un algorithme génétique||Abstract : This work is part of the MFERD (Magnesium Front End Research and Development) project which goal is to develop enabling technologies for the use of magnesium alloys as a principal structural material for cars (mainly made in steel which is four time heavier than magnesium) in order to reduce their mass for both, environmental and security concerns. In this work we have focused on the acoustic part, in the case of a magnesium alloy dash panel. The dash board, by separating the engine compartment from the interior cabin, plays a critical role in the insulation of the car interior. Since the acoustic comfort inside the car has become a marketing argument of great importance, the passage from steel to magnesium dash panel should not deteriorate acoustic performances. In this work, we first conducted a literature review on the types of acoustic treatments used in the automotive industry as well as various techniques of their modeling. We then compared the acoustic performances of a Mg dash with attached traditional acoustic treatments (single-layer, two layers and three layers) to those of a steel and aluminum dash panels with the same mass density, stiffness and/or frequency of resonances. Finally, we optimized different concepts of innovative sound packages applied on the Mg dash panel to achieve a noise performance similar or superior to those of a conventional steel dash. The optimization was done using a SEA (Statitical Energy Analysis) model, coupled with an optimization code based on a genetic algorithm.
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Gromanová, Monika. "Přeprava výrobků firmy Česká zbrojovka a s." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192525.
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The diploma thesis deals with the issue of international transportation of products traded by Česká zbrojovka a.s., concentrating specifically on air and sea transportation. The main focus is on the transport of products destined for the automotive industry and on the transport of weapons and cartridges. The first theoretical part deals with air and sea transport, transport of dangerous goods and the International Commercial Terms (INCOTERMS). The second practical part examines separate transports of these products. In the end of this practical part are these concrete examined transports compared.
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Nascimento, Filipe Miguel Ferreira. "Smart Seat Design - An integrated approach for product development in automotive industry." Tese, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/78648.
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Nascimento, Filipe Miguel Ferreira. "Smart Seat Design - An integrated approach for product development in automotive industry." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/78648.
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Lin, Shen-Rong, and 林森榮. "Automotive Oil Seal components of the optimization process." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16347811314953849865.
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碩士國立勤益科技大學
工業工程與管理系
99
In technology-intensive capital-intensive era, the development of increasingly sophisticated products, product life has been asking to be upgraded. However sealing elements although the price is the amount of lowest from the whole system of parts and components, but if the design and manufacture inappropriate, may result in failure of the system, may cause serious loss of lives and property and even loss of life consequences. This study uses Six Sigma approaches to improving the five stages of DMAIC steps. For example, this study is according to the sealing elements famous one of Taiwan’s manufactures. Construction of seals based on the process of the bonded agent and then process optimization of prediction models. Experimental design methods combined with some factor design . By some factor experiment, using methods of fractional factorial experimental design experimental data obtained. Developed a significant factor and level to find the optimal combination of process parameters, and then using response surface methodology to evaluate the main factors, presented within the standard of quality characteristics. Find the best process parameters may predict the results available to engineers as a practical reference to improve the quality of planning and decision-making reference.
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Vaughn, James Roy. "A fundamental approximation in MATLAB of the efficiency of an automotive differential in transmitting rotational kinetic energy." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-05-4980.
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The VCOST budgeting tool uses a drive cycle simulator to improve fuel economy predictions for vehicle fleets. This drive cycle simulator needs to predict the efficiency of various components of the vehicle's powertrain including any differentials. Existing differential efficiency models either lack accuracy over the operating conditions considered or require too great an investment. A fundamental model for differential efficiency is a cost-effective solution for predicting the odd behaviors unique to a differential. The differential efficiency model itself combines the torque balance equation and the Navier-Stokes equations with models for gear pair, bearing, and seal efficiencies under a set of appropriate assumptions. Comparison of the model with existing data has shown that observable trends in differential efficiency are reproducible in some cases to within 10% of the accepted efficiency value over a range of torques and speeds that represents the operating conditions of the differential. Though the model is generally an improvement over existing curve fits, the potential exists for further improvement to the accuracy of the model. When the model performs correctly, it represents an immense savings over collecting data with comparable accuracy.text