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Journal articles on the topic 'Automotive seat'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Erol, Tugra, Cyriel Diels, James Shippen, and Dale Richards. "The visual categorization of production automotive seats on descriptors of comfort." Work 68, s1 (January 8, 2021): S69—S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-208007.

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BACKGROUND: The role of appearance of automotive seats on perceived comfort and comfort expectancy has been acknowledged in previous research but it has not been investigated in depth. OBJECTIVE: To identify the effects of the appearance of production automotive seats, based on the hypothesis that visual design differentiations are affective in creating comfort expectations. The significance of the descriptors Sporty, Luxurious and Comfortable and the associated visual design attributes was of interest. METHOD: Images from 38 automotive production seats were used in an image-based card sorting app (qCard) with a total of 24 participants. Participants were asked to categorize the different seat designs varying from 1: least, to 9: most for all three descriptors.The resulting data was analyzed using hierarchical clustering analysis. RESULTS: The results indicated that the perceived Sporty, Luxurious and Comfortable were descriptor items that significantly differentiated seats with certain design attributes. It was found that for the Sporty perception the integrated headrest design and angular shapes were key. On the other hand, the Comfort perception was characterised by seating with a separate headrest and rounded seat back/cushion shapes. CONCLUSIONS: For seat design processes, the method enables a practical way to identify elements conveying Sporty, Comfortable and Luxurious perception.

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2

Zhang, Junyuan, Qiang Fang, Linan Wu, Linfeng Li, and Chao Chen. "Optimization design for crashworthiness of special school bus seat based on simplified parametric model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 11 (November 2, 2017): 1454–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017729620.

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In order to accelerate the optimization process of automotive seats, decrease the amount of computations, and realize forward design of seat performance, a simplified parametric model (SPM) is introduced in this paper during the optimization process of a school bus seat. The validity of the SPM of the seat and the feasibility of the modeling method are proved. The results calculated by the SPM show a good consistency with the shell element model. The SPM can also accurately reflect the deformation and stress of the seat in dynamic tests. Through mechanical analysis and energy analysis of the seat frame, the dynamic performance of the seat is improved to meet regulatory requirements. The SPM has the advantages of simple process, less number of units, time savings in modeling and calculation, and it provides the possibility to quickly analyze the performance of school bus seats and improve seat structure.

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3

Murata, Seishiro, Hiroyuki Ito, and Steven Sopher. "Polyurethane-Free Lightweight Automotive Seat." SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing 7, no. 3 (April 1, 2014): 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1033.

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4

Lincoln, Michelle. "Car Seat Safety: Literature Review." Neonatal Network 24, no. 2 (March 2005): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.24.2.29.

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After staggering numbers of infants were killed in automotive crashes in the 1970s, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended in 1974 universal use of car seats for all infants. However, positional problems were reported when car seats are used with premature infants less than 37 weeks gestational age as a result of head slouching and its sequelae. In 1990, the AAP responded with another policy statement introducing car seat testing. It recommended that any infant at or under 37 weeks gestational age be observed in a car seat prior to discharge from the hospital. The AAP did not give specific guidelines on type of car seat, length of testing, equipment, or personnel proficiency, however. Few nurseries have standard policies to evaluate car seats, to teach parents about car seats, or to position newborns in them, and not all hospitals actually conduct car seat challenges or have common standards for testing that is performed.

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Malowicki, Mark, and Donald J. Leo. "Active Vibration Isolation Using an Induced Strain Actuator with Application to Automotive Seat Suspensions." Shock and Vibration 8, no. 5 (2001): 271–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/739685.

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Active vibration isolation of automotive seats requires actuators that achieve millimeter-range displacements and forces on the order of 300 N. Recent developments in piezoceramic actuator technology provide a means for achieving these force and displacement levels in a compact device. This work demonstrates that prestressed, curved piezoceramic actuators achieve the force and displacement levels required for active isolation of automotive seats. An estimate of the force and displacement requirements are obtained from numerical simulations on a four-degree-of-freedom car and seat model that utilize representive road accelerations as inputs. An actuator that meets these specifications is designed using piezoceramic materials. Free displacement of 4.4 mm and blocked force greater than 300 N are measured. The actuator is integrated within a dead mass setup that simulates the isolation characteristics of an automotive seat. Control experiments demonstrate that active vibration is achievable with realistic road disturbances. Feedback control is able to eliminate any amplification due to mechanical resonance and reduce the isolation frequency from 9.5 Hz to 2 Hz.

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6

TUKAMOTO, Takashi, and Keiko NISHIUTI. "Sensibility Technology for Automotive Seat Fabrics." Kobunshi 44, no. 6 (1995): 385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.44.385.

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7

Carneiro, J. O., F. J. Q. de Melo, J. T. Pereira, and V. Teixeira. "Pseudo-Dynamic Method for Structural Analysis of Automobile Seats." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 219, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146441905x52964.

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This work describes the application of a pseudo-dynamic (PsD) method to the dynamic analysis of passenger seats for the automotive industry. The project of such components involves a structural test considering the action of dynamic forces arising from a crash scenario. The laboratory certification of these automotive components consists essentially on the inspection of the propagation and extension of plastic deformations zones in metallic members of the seat structure as consequence of the mutual action between the seat and the passenger fastened to the seat via seat belt anchorages. This work presents a relatively simple experiment using PsD techniques as a novel method to perform a test equivalent to the dynamic model of a dummy-seat pair subjected to impulsive loads from a car crash. Essentially, the PsD test method is a hybrid and hierarchic computer-driven testing procedure where a numerical algorithm and experimental step are used and combined on-line in order to solve a problem in the scope of structural dynamics. The implementation of the method is not expensive and has the leading advantage of offering the operator a total control of any intermediate structure state during the test still keeping the realism of a real dynamic testing.

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8

Lee, Kwang Ju, Joon Hyeok Choi, and Seok Woon Seon. "Application of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic to Automotive Seat Frames." Applied Mechanics and Materials 680 (October 2014): 566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.680.566.

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The purpose of this paper is to develop a lightweight automotive seat back frame structure using CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic). The shape of CFRP seat back frame was determined so that its manufacturing could be performed in a single process without additional fastening. Three different kinds of analyses were performed to confirm that CFRP seat frame could satisfy FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safely Standards) requirements. The results of finite element analyses showed that its maximum stresses were 51.1 to 95.5 % of those of steel seat frame structure. Its mass was 56.2% of that of steel seat back frame. CFRP seat frame can provide better fuel economy as well as improved safety.

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9

Yao, Gui Fen. "Quality Evaluation for Automobile Seat Woven Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 1427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1427.

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Industrial textiles is designed with engineering structure textiles. Transportation textiles is one of the main types of industrial textiles. Automobile seat fabric is one of the decorative materials in automobile textile fabrics. The fabric should have soft handle, good air permeability, coordinate color, luxury and generous pattern, wear-resisting, anti-fouling, flame retardant, certain friction factor and antistatic property. In recent years, requirements for automobile textiles of safety, health, environmental protection is more and more high. In order to evaluate the automobile seat woven fabric quality, need to have a simple and effective standard. Quality indexes should be comprehensive. The test method of quality index should be operable. In the existing relevant standards, the test content is not consistent. The existing relevant standards are national standards, textile industry standards and automotive industry standards. Within textile industry standard FZ/T 24005-2010 wool textiles for chair, the technical requirements include safety specification, classification rules, physical quality rating, internal quality rating, appearance quality rating. For flame retardant performance, must meet the following requirements: damaged length ≤200mm, afterflame time ≤15s. Within national standard GB 8410-2006, flammability of automotive interior materials, for flame retardant performance, must meet the following requirements: burning rate ≤100mm/min. Within automotive industry standard QC/T 633-2009 the seats of passenger vehicles, for safety specification, seat fabric must meet the B grade in GB 18401. Based on some effective standard, established suitable standard for automobile seat woven fabric. The standard covers quality evaluation content, performance levels and the methods of test to be used to determine these performance levels.

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10

Ratts, E. B., J. W. McElroy, and W. G. Reed. "A Method for Evaluating the Thermal Performance of Passenger Seats." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 217, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440703766518087.

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In this paper, an experimental method to quantify the capability of an automotive seat to move heat and moisture away from the heat and water source is presented. To test the method, a test apparatus was constructed that generates heat and water vapour. The apparatus was placed on a seat cushion for a fixed time period. At the end of the period, heat and water transported were measured. These integrated values were used to quantify the seat's capability to move heat and moisture and ultimately to compare seats. By the impulse test method, the passenger seat had an effusivity of 94.7 W s1/2/m2 K. A non-ventilated seat transferred 5 W of thermal energy and an average of 0.36 g/min of water in 1800 s. A ventilated seat transferred 13.9 W of thermal energy and 0.70 g/min of water in 1800 s.

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11

Bush, Tamara Reid, and Robert P. Hubbard. "Support Force Measures of Midsized Men in Seated Positions." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 129, no. 1 (August 5, 2006): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2401184.

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Two areas not well researched in the field of seating mechanics are the distribution of normal and shear forces, and how those forces change with seat position. The availability of these data would be beneficial for the design and development of office, automotive and medical seats. To increase our knowledge in the area of seating mechanics, this study sought to measure the normal and shear loads applied to segmental supports in 12 seated positions, utilizing three inclination angles and four levels of seat back articulation that were associated with automotive driving positions. Force data from six regions, including the thorax, sacral region, buttocks, thighs, feet, and hand support were gathered using multi-axis load cells. The sample contained 23 midsized subjects with an average weight of 76.7kg and a standard deviation of 4.2kg, and an average height of 1745mm with a standard deviation of 19mm. Results were examined in terms of seat back inclination and in terms of torso articulation for relationships between seat positions and support forces. Using a repeated measures analysis, significant differences (p<0.05) were identified for normal forces relative to all inclination angles except for forces occurring at the hand support. Other significant differences were observed between normal forces behind the buttocks, pelvis, and feet for torso articulations. Significant differences in the shear forces occurred under the buttocks and posterior pelvis during changes in seat back inclination. Significant differences in shear forces were also identified for torso articulations. These data suggest that as seat back inclination or torso articulation change, significant shifts in force distribution occur.

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12

Wang, Shu Fen, Wen Wen Hu, Zhen Hai Gao, and Tian Peng Zhao. "The Application of Magnesium Alloy in Automotive Seat Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 395-396 (September 2013): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.266.

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Vehicle weight reduction has become the development trend of the automotive industry, lightweight magnesium alloy as the material can be applied to automobile parts to achieve more substantial weight loss results. This paper adopts a car seat frame, refer to the regulations for strength of seat system, finite element software ANSYS, the static strength analysis of magnesium alloy seat frame. And further on carbon steel material for static strength analysis, conclusions and magnesium alloys were compared, from lightweight, economy and other aspects show the superiority of magnesium alloys.

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13

Shin, Byoung-Gwan, and Young-Gyu Ahn. "Global Competitiveness Analysis of Automotive Seat Manufactures." INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS REVIEW 18, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21739/ibr.2014.12.18.4.1.

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14

MATSUOKA, Yoshiyuki, and Yujin TSUKADA. "Structure of Appearance Evaluation for Automotive Seat." Japanese Journal of Sensory Evaluation 1, no. 2 (1997): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9763/jjsse.1.19.

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15

Kang, Sung-Jong, and B. K. Chun. "Strength analysis of automotive seat belt anchorage." International Journal of Vehicle Design 26, no. 5 (2001): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvd.2001.005220.

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16

Godzhayev, Z. A., M. V. Lyashenko, V. V. Shekhovtsov, P. V. Potapov, A. A. Dolotov, and A. I. Iskaliyev. "Experimental determination of the parameters of the characteristics of the seat suspension for automotive vehicles." Traktory i sel'hozmashiny 1, no. 3 (2021): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2021-3-20-26.

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This article describes the methodology and results of the experimental determination of the stat-ic-elastic damping characteristics of the Sibeco air suspension with a scissor guide mechanism. To implement the measurement procedure in laboratory conditions, bench equipment, including a compressor unit (power system) with a control pressure gauge, a measuring device (height gauge) for fixing linear displacements and reference weights, was used. The measurements were carried out stepwise at various fixed values of air pressure in the pneumatic elastic element, as well as in the presence or absence of a standard unregulated hydraulic shock absorber in the design of the con-sidered seat suspension system. The whole process of obtaining the necessary parameters was held in accordance with the recommendations of the official domestic regulatory documentation, which establishes regulations on the general technical conditions for the design of seats for automotive ve-hicles. There were analyzed the obtained curves of the static characteristics of the seat suspension, including for the presence of a character of nonlinearity in different specific sections of the charac-teristic. Based on these results, the values of the parameters of stiffness, natural frequency and re-sistance forces (“dry friction” forces) were calculated during the compression and rebound strokes of the seat suspension for certain measurement conditions. Additionally, an assessment for the com-pliance of these parameters with the normative indicators of domestic technical standards was made. Also, the dependences of the instantaneous values of the stiffness of the considered air sus-pension of the Sibeco seat on deformation at various air pressures in the pneumatic elastic element were constructed and analyzed. Recommendations on the operation of this device for cushioning the seats of operators of motor and tractor equipment were given.

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17

Nishimatsu, Toyonori, Hiroyuki Kanai, Takahiko Nishioka, Hirokazu Kimura, and Takanori Yamamoto. "Influence of Hardness of Seat Pad on Sitting Comfort of Automotive Seat." FIBER 66, no. 1 (2010): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.66.20.

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18

Nerella, Srikanth, A. K. Jeevanantham, and M. Ramalingam. "Life Cycle Estimation of an Automotive Seat Recliner with LCF Approach." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 2524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.2524.

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Automotive Seat Recliner is a mechanism that enables seat back rest to move forward and rearward about the pivot point of seat. An upgraded model of recliner with optimized dimensions is modeled so that the effort applied to unlock the mechanism reduces. The modeled Recliner was analyzed in LS Dyna to obtain the input data for fatigue calculations. Coffin Manson fatigue criterion is used to obtain results, which matches the experimental results undergone in lab.

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19

Setiyo, Muji, and Budi Waluyo. "Captain Seat: Smart Solution for Physical Distancing on Buses During the Covid-19 Pandemic." Automotive Experiences 4, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ae.4383.

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It has been a year after the announcement of Covid-19 outbreak in Wuhan. Activity restriction, implementation of health protocol, and lock-down are enforced to cut-off the spread of this virus. However, in the uncertainty towards a new normal, the mobility of people continues for various purposes. A rapid medical check-up at the airport or at railway stations is possible by the local authorities but it is impossible for public bus passengers due to the limitations of medical staff and a large number of bus stations. Most passengers also failed to comply with the government's recommendation to conduct a rapid test before using public buses. As anticipation, the Transportation Agency issued a regulation that all buses can only be filled with 50% (max) of their normal capacity by emptying 2 of the 4 seats in a row. As a consequence, a 32-seat bus can only be filled with 16 passengers (max) and the ticket price has doubled to cover operational costs. However, passenger interest in bus services has decreased due to high ticket prices. Therefore, this short article reports the smart actions of several bus companies in Indonesia to create a "Captain Seat", a 1-1-1 bus seat configuration to ensure physical distancing between passengers. With the captain seat model, buses with 32 seats are modified to 24 seats, the ideal distance between passengers during a pandemic can be maintained, the risk of loss to bus companies can be reduced, and passenger costs can be lowered.

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20

Choi, Kyekwang, and Jaeung Cho. "Durability Analysis of Automotive Seat According to the Shape of Seat Back Frame." Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers 19, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14775/ksmpe.2020.19.10.016.

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21

JUNG, H. J., Y. H. CHO, D. S. LEE, J. C. OH, and Y. D. KWON. "A STUDY OF OPTIMUM DESIGN AND ANALYSIS WITH D.O.E FOR AUTOMOTIVE SEAT FRAME." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 06 (January 2012): 594–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512003832.

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In modern times, development trend of automobiles is the tendency to prefer the high fuel efficiency of automobile. Also, the structure of seat that takes 4% of automobile's weight is the target to be secured the stability enough and attain the lightweight, To meet this, the characteristics of load to be applied to seat structure must be analyzed from the initial time, and it must be considered and designed material, thickness, distance to be assembled with recliner and condition of section through the calculation of numerical value. This study performed to reduce stress and moments to be occurred to seat frame through keep the optimum condition with D.O.E for cushion frame of seat due to passenger inertia weight at the rear Collision of automobile, This study looked for optimum values with Minitab and analyzed the cushion frame of seat with LS-DYNA, FEA tool, according to those Factor.

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22

Erol, Tuğra. "Dimensions of Holistic Automotive Seat Comfort Experience: A Card Sorting Approach." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 1007–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621232.

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The literature review conducted on various automotive seat comfort item questionnaires indicated that an in depth research of automotive seat comfort descriptors derived with native speakers of English language was lacking. This paper tries to improve the identification and analysis of how a “holistic automotive seat comfort experience” is constructed by the consumers enabling an insight in to how the concept is imagined and retrospectively categorized by the end users. In total 28 people (14 female, 14 male) were selected to participate in the research. The study attempted to identify the frequently utilized descriptors by end users and the structure of the construct with card sort data. The results were analyzed using xSort software application, treated with R package for structure detection and interpreted with the utilization of the category labels where three major dimensions were identified as: Visual Impression & Aesthetical Appearance Design, Safety & Design Functionality and Feelings & Well-being.

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23

Yuk Kim, Sung, and Key Sun Kim. "Analysis of operating noise characteristics and contribution for automotive seat backrest adjuster." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.3 (June 8, 2018): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.33.14181.

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Background/Objectives: This study involved basic research on operating noise in an automotive seat backrest adjuster through analysis of noise sources, noise source contributions, and seat pad noise reduction effects.Methods/Statistical analysis: The test product was a driver seat of 3300cc commercial sedan. First, basic data is obtained through analysis of driving mechanism of seat backrest adjuster. Based on this, vibration and noise characteristics were analyzed by operating test of backrest adjuster, and contribution analysis to noise sources was performed. Finally, by analyzing the effect of noise reduction on the seat pad, the effect of each noise source on the backrest operating noise was determined.Findings: First, it was confirmed that the low frequency fluctuation caused by the total noise is dependent on change in the load generated by eccentric rotation of the recliner gear. Therefore, it was found that the design of the recliner gear teeth was a decisive factor in controlling the motor load. Second, the 20th order (1,320Hz) of the DC geared motor was the main cause of operating noise, which was derived from friction noise of brush-commutator and torque ripple noise. This noise accounted for more than 55% of total operating noise. In addition, the 30th order amounted to approximately 18%. In other words, the harmonic components of the DC geared motor created most of the noise, and changing the brush material and reducing torque ripple is expected to significantly improve the overall operating noise. Lastly, as a result of the seat pad noise reduction effect, total power decreased by more than 11dB (A). In addition, it was confirmed that the 20th order cause of the main noise was reduced by about 45%p.Improvements/Applications: The noise contribution of the seat recliner adjuster derived from this study can be used as a basic data for noise reduction.

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24

De Cuyper, J., and M. Verhaegen. "State Space Modeling and Stable Dynamic Inversion for Trajectory Tracking on an Industrial Seat Test Rig." Journal of Vibration and Control 8, no. 7 (July 2002): 1033–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107754602029580.

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This paper introduces a novel approach for trajectory tracking on seat test rigs. Seat test rigs are used in the automotive industry to test prototypes of new seats with respect to their comfort and vibration characteristics. Classically, a digital Fourier transform (DFT) approach, based on a Frequency Response Function (FRF) model, is used in this domain and different software packages exist that are based on this approach. The novel approach proposes state space models to identify the test rig and uses the recently developed Stable Dynamic Inversion (SDI) to invert the obtained state space models. The approach is validated on an industrial seat test rig and it is shown that the new approach is a competitive alternative to the existing DFT based methods. A closed loop experiment is also performed; this shows that the feedback controller allows one to reduce the state space model order without loss of accuracy.

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25

Cho, Jae-Ung, Key-Sun Kim, Doo-Seuk Choi, Sei-Hwan Kim, Seung-Ok Bang, and Chan-Ki Cho. "Development of Plastic Suspension System for Automotive Seat." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 12, no. 3 (March 31, 2011): 1091–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2011.12.3.1091.

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26

Choi, Kyekwang, and Jaeung Cho. "Durability Analysis of Automotive Seat Frame by Shape." Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers 19, no. 3 (March 30, 2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14775/ksmpe.2020.19.03.014.

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27

OHKUBO, Sho, and Shinichiro OTA. "The control of dynamics properties the automotive seat." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2017.55 (2017): K1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2017.55.k1106.

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28

Pang, Jian, Mohamad Qatu, Rao Dukkipati, Gang Sheng, and William N. Patten. "Model identification for nonlinear automotive seat cushion structure." International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration 1, no. 1/2 (2004): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvnv.2004.004078.

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29

Ramalingam, M., and D. Davidson Jebaseelan. "The effect of vibration characteristics of an automotive seating system on ride comfort – A finite element study." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 18 (July 16, 2019): 6588–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219858172.

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The Automotive Seating System (ASS) is an important sub-system in a car for increasing the ride comfort of driver/occupant and hence the need for a systematic study on the vibration characteristics of ASS is of importance. The present study finds out the vibration characteristics of four models of automotive seating system, with and without dummy mass using finite element analysis. The vibration mode shapes such as lateral, fore-aft and twisting of automotive seating system found in the frequency range 0-80 Hz for the four models of automotive seating system and correlated with experimental results found in the literature. The natural frequency of the seat with dummy mass was found to be in the human discomfort zone of the spinal column (10–12 Hz) and abdomen (4–8 Hz). The vibration transfer to occupant body was studied at 11 positions, with unit acceleration given at four mounting locations of automotive seating system in three directions separately. The vibration transmissibility was found to be higher than one in seat backrest. The random vibration analysis was carried out to identify the acceleration level of automotive seating system, subjected to smooth and rough road excitations. In the case of rough road random excitations, the results of root mean square acceleration values in automotive seating system show that the driver/passenger feels “fairly comfortable”. This study emphasizes the importance of the ride comfort of driver/occupant. To enhance the ride comfort, the stiffness of seat structure has to be modified and suspension system has to be introduced.

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Dobra, Peter, and János Jósvai. "OEE measurement at the automotive semi-automatic assembly lines." Acta Technica Jaurinensis 14, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14513/actatechjaur.00576.

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Manufacturing companies continuously evaluate their achieved performance based on different Key Performance Indicators (KPI). This article gives an overview about the OEE values. The study aims to provide practical OEE data of semi-automatic assembly lines used in the automotive industry. Its novelty is the revealed relationship between seat assembly lines and seat subassembly lines. Firstly, a literature review shows the scientific relevance and several cases are collected to increase OEE percentage. Secondly, the connection between chassis, tracks, recliner and mechanism assembly lines is described. Each part of OEE (availability, performance, quality) are analysed in terms of their impact.

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Bai, Zhong Hao, Zheng Xu, Qiang Yan, and Qian Bin Zhang. "Study on Data Acquisition and Measurement System of Occupant Restraint Test Bed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 128-129 (October 2011): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.128-129.314.

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A new occupant restraint system test bed was designed based on the regulations on automotive seat test and safe-belt contact point strength test, which was capable of conducting seat rigid test, safe-belt contact point strength test, headrest performance test. The structure and parameters of the test bed were designed and FE model of the centre frame of the test bed was built with ANSYS to analyze the strength. Then the measuring and control system was developed based on LabVIEW. Finally, the static strength test of automotive seat and safe-belt contact point test were performed to evaluate the test device. The results demonstrated that this device met the test regulation requirements and could be used to conduct further investigation and vehicle design for occupant restraint system.

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Romański, Andrzej, and Elżbieta Cygan-Bączek. "High Performance Valve Seat Materials for CNG Powered Combustion Engines." Materials 14, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 4860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174860.

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The conventional copper infiltrated high speed steel (HSS) valve seats used in gasoline engines are not suitable for CNG combustion because the exhaust gas temperature is at least 80 °C higher, which drastically shortens the service life of the engine valves. Therefore, a proprietary high-alloy HSS-base material was designed to combat hot corrosion and mechanical wear of valve seat faces in CNG fuelled engines. A batch of −100 mesh water atomized HSS powder was commissioned. The powder was vacuum annealed in order to reduce oxygen content and increase its compressibility. To improve the final part machinability, 1.2% MnS was admixed to the HSS powder prior to compaction. The green compacts were sintered at 1135 °C in nitrogen to around 83% TD and subsequently infiltrated with a copper alloy. After installing the valve seat components on a cylinder head, the engine was tested for 100 h according to the automotive industry valve seat wear test procedures. Both the periodic 8-h checks as well as the final examination of the valve seats showed very slow wear, indicating their suitability for CNG powered engines.

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Wu, X., S. Rakheja, and P. É. Boileau. "Distribution of human–seat interface pressure on a soft automotive seat under vertical vibration." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 24, no. 5 (September 1999): 545–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-8141(98)00058-4.

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Oliveira, José, Pedro Teixeira, Gilberto Lobo, João Duarte, and Ana Reis. "Topology Optimization of a Car Seat Frame." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.681.

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The optimization of consumer products through the use of numerical simulations has become a key factor to a continuously increasing requirement for time and cost efficiency, for quality improvement and materials saving, in many manufacturing areas such as automotive, aerospace, building, packaging and electronic industries. Environmental protection, fuel economy and safety specifications are today major concerns in automotive industry. Part of the overall strategy is a lower weight car which means increased performance, reduction of fuel consumption achieving a lower vehicle exhaust emissions to the environment. At the same time, the occupant safety must be continuously improved, as the safety specifications are more demanding. To meet these requirements, a call for new lightweight’s concepts and crash structures was raised, using lighter and/or stronger materials. In the last decade we have assisted to a development and application of high-strength steels and aluminum alloys in the manufacture of automotive structures. This paper presents a structural design problem of a car seat frame, aiming the desired weight reduction while satisfying a set of performance constraints. The numerical model of the seat frame has been developed and the numerical results were validated against experimental data obtained during static loading tests. Using the developed computational model, an optimized topology of the linear elastic structure has been determined, reaching a significant weight reduction.

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Ptak, Mariusz, Johannes Wilhelm, Marek Sawicki, and Eugeniusz Rusiński. "CHILD SAFETY ON VARIOUS BICYCLE-MOUNTED SEATS DURING VEHICLE IMPACT." Transport 34, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 684–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.9083.

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This research addresses an important gap in the state of the art by investigating the safety of vulnerable road users – children transported on bicycle seats. The article focuses on three forms of bicycle-mounted child seats and their kinematics during an accident scenario involving a motor vehicle. The front, rear-frame and rear-rack mounted child seat mounting configurations were considered in this study. The research covers the impact of a sports sedan vehicle against a bicycle equipped with the child seat. The assessment of the child safety was done through numerical simulations by coupling the codes of MADYMO and LS-DYNA. The after-impact kinematics for various baby carriers is presented with the emphasis on child’s head and neck injuries. The results were compared to the full-scale test available in the literature. The findings prove a low protection level for the child provided by the bicycle carriers in all considered cases. The study is further devoted to directions of increasing child safety in this means of transportation.

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Kang, Jae-Young. "Tilting Effect of Automotive Seat System on Squeak Noise." Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering 20, no. 6 (June 20, 2010): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5050/ksnve.2010.20.6.577.

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37

Tatari, Milad, Mohammad Fard, Naser Nasrollahzadeh, and Mohammad Mahjoob. "CAE Characterization and Optimization of Automotive Seat Rattle Noise." World Journal of Engineering and Technology 02, no. 03 (2014): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2014.23022.

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38

Lee, Hyun-Hee, Tae-Kyung Kim, and Kwangju Lee. "Estimation of Air Flow Rate in Automotive Ventilated Seat." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 17, no. 12 (December 31, 2016): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2016.17.12.34.

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39

Kim, Key-Sun, Sung-Soo Kim, Sei-Hwan Kim, and Jae-Ung Cho. "Study on Structural Strength Analysis of Automotive Seat Frame." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 14, no. 1 (January 31, 2013): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2013.14.1.39.

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40

Han, Moonsik, and Jaeung Cho. "Structural Strength Analysis on Recliner Case of Automotive Seat." Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 22, no. 4 (May 1, 2014): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7467/ksae.2014.22.4.082.

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41

Kong, Y. S., S. Abdullah, M. Z. Omar, and S. M. Haris. "Topological and Topographical Optimization of Automotive Spring Lower Seat." Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures 13, no. 7 (July 2016): 1388–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1679-78252082.

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PATTEN, WILLIAM N., and JIAN PANG. "Validation of a Nonlinear Automotive Seat Cushion Vibration Model." Vehicle System Dynamics 30, no. 1 (July 1998): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423119808969435.

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43

Liu, Xintian, Lei Liu, Que Wu, Xinjie Yuan, and Hu Huang. "Reliability analysis and evaluation of automotive seat angle-adjuster." Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 3 (December 3, 2018): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14484846.2018.1548720.

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44

Pang, Jian, Changki Mo, and Gang Sheng. "Automotive seat cushion nonlinear phenomenon: experimental and theoretical evaluation." International Journal of Vehicle Autonomous Systems 1, no. 3/4 (2003): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvas.2003.004381.

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45

NISHIMATSU, Toyonori, Tomoya TAKAHASHI, Hiroyuki KANAI, Hiroaki ISHIZAWA, Yoichi MATSUMOTO, and Eiji TOBA. "Influence of Combination of Covering Fabrics and Seat Pad on Sitting Comfort of Automotive Seat." Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan) 57, no. 7 (2004): T67—T72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/transjtmsj.57.t67.

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46

RIUS-ULLDEMOLINS, JOAQUIM. "Barcelona and SEAT, a History of Lost Opportunity: Corporate Marketing, Nation Branding, and Consumer Nationalism in the Automotive Industry." Enterprise & Society 16, no. 4 (August 10, 2015): 811–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2015.24.

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Why is there no SEAT Barcelona? Barcelona is a well-named place brand, but SEAT consciously has disassociated itself from its geographic origins. This seems rather strange decision if one takes into account the increasing importance of the place-of-origin effect in automotive industry. This article describes how SEAT has constructed its Spanish identity and hidden its Catalan-Barcelona origins, and discusses SEAT’s own growing “denationalization” because of the acquisition by Volkswagen Group by using banal nationalism to gain the loyalty of the country’s nationalist consumers and to fashion a corporate image in line with Spain’sMarca España, or national brand. Through this decision, SEAT has lost the opportunity to associate itself withMarca Barcelona, a successful urban brand.

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Adam, S. Aisyah, N. A. A. Jalil, K. A. Md Razali, Y. G. Ng, and M. F. Aladdin. "Mathematical Model of Suspension Seat-Person Exposed to Vertical Vibration for Off-Road Vehicles." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 2 (July 5, 2019): 6773–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.2.2019.22.0509.

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Off-road drivers are exposed to a high magnitude of vibration at low frequency (0.5-25Hz), that can cause harm and possibly attribute to musculoskeletal disorder, particularly low-back pain. The suspension seat is commonly used on an off-road condition to isolate the vibration transmitted to the human body. Nevertheless, the suspension seat modelling that incorporates the human body is still scarce. The objective of this study is to develop a mathematical modelling to represent the suspension seat-person for off-road vehicles. This paper presents a three degrees-of-freedom lumped parameter model. A curve-fitting method is used for parameter identification, which includes the constraint variable function (fmincon()) from the optimisation toolbox of MATLAB(R2017a). The model parameters are optimised using experimentally measured of suspension seat transmissibility. It was found that the model provides a reasonable fit to the measured suspension seat transmissibility at the first peak of resonance frequency, around 2-3 Hz. The results of the study suggested that the human body forms a coupled system with the suspension seat and thus affects the overall performance of the suspension system. As a conclusion, the influence of the human body should not be ignored in the modelling, and a three-degrees degree-of-freedom lumped parameter model provides a better prediction of suspension seat transmissibility. This proposed model is recommended to predict vibration transmissibility for off-road suspension seat.

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MATSUOKA, Toshio, Toyonori NISHIMATSU, Jun YAMAZAKI, Hiroyuki KANAI, Hiroaki ISHIZAWA, Eiji TOBA, and Teruaki AZUMA. "Influence of Wadding Thickness on Sitting Comfort of Automotive Seat." Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan) 58, no. 11 (2005): T142—T146. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/transjtmsj.58.t142.

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Park, Hong-Seok, and Xuan-Phuong Dang. "Development of a Coating Machine for Making Automotive Seat Covers." Transactions of The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 25, no. 3 (May 1, 2017): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7467/ksae.2017.25.3.267.

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50

Nishimatsu, T. "Influence of covering fabric for hand feel of automotive seat." JSAE Review 22, no. 3 (July 2001): 372–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0389-4304(01)00118-7.

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