Academic literature on the topic 'Autonomic nervous system. Bone Diabetes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Autonomic nervous system. Bone Diabetes"
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Miyasaka, Naoyuki, Mihoko Akiyoshi, and Toshiro Kubota. "Relationship between autonomic nervous system activity and bone mineral density in non-medicated perimenopausal women." Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 32, no. 5 (November 8, 2013): 588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00774-013-0534-x.
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Ion, Daniela–Elena. "Treading on tricky ground: reconstructive approaches to Charcot neuropathic arthropathy of the foot." Romanian Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rojost-2018-0089.
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Abstract Introduction and purpose:Charcot neuroarthropathy defines a cluster of progressive lesions affecting the joints and bones, as well as the soft tissues of the foot in the context of diabetes, a pivotal role being attributed to peripheral neuropathy. Loss of sensation and proprioception, subsequent repeated trauma, muscle and autonomic nervous system impairment contribute to the alteration of the foot’s architecture and distribution of pressure, ultimately triggering ulceration and gangrene. The urge to avoid amputation has fueled the development of conservative and reconstructive techniques capable of delaying, if not preventing such negative outcomes. The purpose of this review was to present the most frequently used reconstruction procedures and the challenges arising in adapting them to particular foot morphologies and lesion stages. Methods:Literature search was conducted using PubMed, resulting in around 90 articles, multicenter studies and reviews, 26 of which were considered most relevant in providing the guidelines for orthopedic reconstruction and postoperative care in Charcot foot patients with diabetic neuropathy prevailing over arteriopathy. Results:The tarsometatarsal and metatarsophalangeal joints are most frequently affected. Closed reduction, arthrodesis, and tendon lengthening are key features of an efficient correction, alternatively accompanied by resections and tenotomies. Ulceration and callus debridement may also be necessary, while prolonged casting and immobilization remain obligatory. Conclusions:Most authors agree that stabilizing the deformities, optimizing the pressure on the soft tissues, and promoting the healing of potential lesions are the main purposes of the interventions. Prompt recognition and correction of Charcot foot deformities improve life quality and minimize the prospects of amputation.
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Rossi, Marco, Luigi Ricordi, Emilio Mevio, Gabriele Fornasari, Cesare Orlandi, Pietro Fratino, Giorgio Finardi, and Luciano Bernardi. "Autonomic nervous system and microcirculation in diabetes." Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 30 (July 1990): S133—S135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1838(90)90117-2.
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Elefteriou, Florent. "Impact of the Autonomic Nervous System on the Skeleton." Physiological Reviews 98, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 1083–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00014.2017.
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It is from the discovery of leptin and the central nervous system as a regulator of bone remodeling that the presence of autonomic nerves within the skeleton transitioned from a mere histological observation to the mechanism whereby neurons of the central nervous system communicate with cells of the bone microenvironment and regulate bone homeostasis. This shift in paradigm sparked new preclinical and clinical investigations aimed at defining the contribution of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves to the process of bone development, bone mass accrual, bone remodeling, and cancer metastasis. The aim of this article is to review the data that led to the current understanding of the interactions between the autonomic and skeletal systems and to present a critical appraisal of the literature, bringing forth a schema that can put into physiological and clinical context the main genetic and pharmacological observations pointing to the existence of an autonomic control of skeletal homeostasis. The different types of nerves found in the skeleton, their functional interactions with bone cells, their impact on bone development, bone mass accrual and remodeling, and the possible clinical or pathophysiological relevance of these findings are discussed.
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Horn, Charles C., Jeffrey L. Ardell, and Lee E. Fisher. "Electroceutical Targeting of the Autonomic Nervous System." Physiology 34, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00030.2018.
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Autonomic nerves are attractive targets for medical therapies using electroceutical devices because of the potential for selective control and few side effects. These devices use novel materials, electrode configurations, stimulation patterns, and closed-loop control to treat heart failure, hypertension, gastrointestinal and bladder diseases, obesity/diabetes, and inflammatory disorders. Critical to progress is a mechanistic understanding of multi-level controls of target organs, disease adaptation, and impact of neuromodulation to restore organ function.
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Millar, Philip J., and John S. Floras. "Statins and the autonomic nervous system." Clinical Science 126, no. 6 (November 15, 2013): 401–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20130332.
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Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors) reduce plasma cholesterol and improve endothelium-dependent vasodilation, inflammation and oxidative stress. A ‘pleiotropic’ property of statins receiving less attention is their effect on the autonomic nervous system. Increased central sympathetic outflow and diminished cardiac vagal tone are disturbances characteristic of a range of cardiovascular conditions for which statins are now prescribed routinely to reduce cardiovascular events: following myocardial infarction, and in hypertension, chronic kidney disease, heart failure and diabetes. The purpose of the present review is to synthesize contemporary evidence that statins can improve autonomic circulatory regulation. In experimental preparations, high-dose lipophilic statins have been shown to reduce adrenergic outflow by attenuating oxidative stress in central brain regions involved in sympathetic and parasympathetic discharge induction and modulation. In patients with hypertension, chronic kidney disease and heart failure, lipophilic statins, such as simvastatin or atorvastatin, have been shown to reduce MNSA (muscle sympathetic nerve activity) by 12–30%. Reports concerning the effect of statin therapy on HRV (heart rate variability) are less consistent. Because of their implications for BP (blood pressure) control, insulin sensitivity, arrhythmogenesis and sudden cardiac death, these autonomic nervous system actions should be considered additional mechanisms by which statins lower cardiovascular risk.
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Hreidarsson, A. B., and H. J. G. Gundersen. "Reduced Pupillary Unrest: Autonomic Nervous System Abnormality in Diabetes Mellitus." Diabetes 37, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diab.37.4.446.
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Hreidarsson, A. B., and H. J. Gundersen. "Reduced pupillary unrest. Autonomic nervous system abnormality in diabetes mellitus." Diabetes 37, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.37.4.446.
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Irigoyen, M. C., Dulce Elena Casarini, Mariana Morris, and Nicola Montano. "Autonomic Nervous System, Inflammation, and Diabetes: Mechanisms and Possible Interventions." Experimental Diabetes Research 2012 (2012): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/894157.
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Meretskyy, V. M., and M. M. Korda. "The features of neuroendocrine changes in cranial injury associated with diabetes mellitus." Kazan medical journal 94, no. 4 (December 15, 2013): 560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1971.
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Aim. To study the features of neuroendocrine regulation in cranial injury associated with diabetes mellitus. Methods. Experiments were carried out on 100 male white rats that were divided into the following groups: the first group (n=10) - control group consisted of 10 intact animals, the second group (n=40) - rats with simulated traumatic cranial injury, the third group (n=10) - rats with experimental diabetes mellitus, the fourth group (n=40) - rats with simulated traumatic cranial injury and experimental diabetes mellitus. Experimental diabetes mellitus was induced by a single streptozotocin solution intraperitoneal injection. Animals were withdrawn from the experiment at 3, 24 hours, 5 and 14 days after the traumatic cranial injury. The mathematical analysis of the cardiac rhythm variability was performed by ECG intervals data analysis. Corticosterone serum levels were measured using ELISA. Results. Based on a comprehensive ECG intervals data analysis, it was found that after experimental traumatic cranial injury the imbalance of autonomic nervous system with increased sympathetic autonomic nervous system function occurs, manifesting as a deregulation of cholinergic and adrenergic effects on sinoatrial node. In diabetes, an increase of the role of sympathetic effects on the sinus node functioning also occurred. Revealed autonomic nervous system deregulation after experimental traumatic cranial injury associated with experimental diabetes mellitus were associated with sympathetic autonomic nervous system over-function, parasympathetic autonomic nervous system exhausting and decreased recovery speed. There was a relevant increase in corticosterone serum concentration reaching its maximum 24 hours after traumatic cranial injury. Conclusion. A significant autonomic nervous system sympathetic shift and autonomic regulation intensifying characterizes the clinical course in traumatic cranial injury associated with diabetes mellitus, a positive correlation of corticosterone serum concentration and sympathetic autonomic nervous system over-function was revealed in animals with experimental traumatic cranial injury, particularly when associated with experimental diabetes mellitus.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Autonomic nervous system. Bone Diabetes"
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Stabley, John Nathan. "Relationship between autonomic nervous system function and bone mineral density in type 1 diabetic individuals." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 65 p, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1203584531&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Lindmark, Stina. "Neurohormonal mechanisms in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-225.
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Takahashi, Naomi. "Correlates of autonomic nervous system function in a general population with special reference to HbA₁c: The Nagahama study." Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/261615.
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Mabe, Abigail Marie. "Characterization of Murine Cardiac Cholinergic Innervation and Its Remodeling in Type 1 Diabetes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2009.
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Murine models have become increasingly popular to study various aspects of cardiovascular diseases due to their ease of genetic manipulation. Unfortunately, there has been little effort put into describing the distribution of autonomic nerves in the mouse heart, making it difficult to compare current findings from clinical and experimental models related to cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, determination of the requirements for the development of this system and its maintenance in adult mice remains largely unexplored. This study represents the first detailed mapping of cholinergic neuroanatomy of the mouse heart based on immunohistochemical staining using true cholinergic markers. We found cholinergic innervation of the mouse heart to be largely focused in the atrium and conducting system. We investigated the involvement of the neurotrophic factor neurturin (NRTN) in the development of cholinergic innervation, because there was indirect evidence that implicated it as a crucial factor. Results from our work definitively demonstrate that NRTN plays a major role in the development of cardiac parasympathetic ganglia and cholinergic innervation of the mouse heart. Adult NRTN knockout mice exhibited a drastic reduction in the number of intracardiac neurons with decreased atrial acetylcholine, cholinergic nerve density at the sinoatrial node and negative chronotropic responses to vagal stimulation. The presence of NRTN and its receptors in hearts from adult wild-type mice suggests that this neurotrophic factor might also be required for maintenance of cardiac cholinergic innervation. Finally, we wanted to determine how intracardiac neurons and their processes change during diseased states, specifically type 1 diabetes. This work has shown that the cardiac cholinergic nervous system in the mouse undergoes structural and functional remodeling when challenged with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Cholinergic nerves in diabetic hearts undergo extensive sprouting at the sinoatrial node with no change in the number of intracardiac neurons. Cholinergic function appears to be enhanced in diabetic mice, based on pharmacological testing, despite decreased response to direct vagal nerve stimulation. Evidence also suggests that diabetic mice have an imbalance in autonomic control of heart rate. The latter findings suggest that disruption of central input into intrinsic cardiac ganglia also contributes to the neuropathology of type 1 diabetes.
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Zaffalon, Júnior José Robertto. "Impacto do estilo de vida fisicamente ativo na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca de mulheres com histórico familiar de hipertensão e diabetes." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2018. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1893.
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Subjects with a family history of hypertension (SAH) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) presented early impairment in heart rate variability (HRV) when compared to those without family history. Despite previous studies reporting the benefits of physical exercise in hypertensive and diabetic subjects, the benefits of a physically active lifestyle in subjects with family history SAH and DM2, especially among young women, have not been fully evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to analyze metabolic, hemodynamic and autonomic parameters at rest and in response to sympathetic stimulation in sedentary and physically active women with family history of SAH, DM2 or SAH+DM2. We performed a cross-sectional study with 105 women (age: 18 to 30 years). We evaluated: family history of SAH/DM2; level of physical activity; blood pressure; glycemia; HRV in the time and frequency domain by recording the R-R intervals. For better analysis, the thesis was divided in four studies. In the sStudy 1 we analyzed the quality of life and hemodynamic and autonomic parameters at rest and in response to a mental stress test of sedentary (SW=48) and active (AW=48) young women. The results provided evidence that sedentary lifestyles impaired autonomic cardiac modulation both at rest and in response to physiological stress and worsed quality of life. In the Study 2 we analyzed the HRV in offspring: of normotensive and normoglycemic (NND, n=14), of hypertensive (HD, n=13), of diabetic (DD, n=11), and of diabetic and hypertensive (DFD, n=11). The results showed that the family history of SAH and/or DM2 induced impairment in HRV before clinical cardiovascular or glycemic alterations. In the Study 3 we analyzed the impact of lifestyle on the autonomic cardiac modulation in women with a family history of DM2. We compared offspring of: normoglycemic sedentary (SDN, n = 14), diabetic sedentary (DSD, n=11) and diabetic active (DAD, n = 14). We demonstrated that physically active lifestyles improve cardiac autonomic modulation in diabetic offspring. In the Study 4 we evaluated the influence of the family history of hypertension associated to DM2 on HRV at rest and in response to a mental stress test. We evaluated sedentary offspring of normotensive and normoglycemic (SDNN, n=13), sedentary and active offspring of hypertensive (SHD, n=13 and SAH, n=14), and sedentary and active offspring of hypertensive and diabetic (SHD, n=11 and AHD, n=14). We showed that physically active lifestyles induced improvement on cardiac autonomic modulation of women with a family history of SAH, but that the association with the family history of DM2 is responsible for attenuation of these benefits, especially in response to a mental stress test. In summary, our results demonstrated impairment on HRV in women with family history of SAH and DM2, highlight the importance of a physically active lifestyle in the prevention of early autonomic dysfunctions associated with the development of SAH and DM2 in genetically predisposed women, and also reinforced the HRV analysis as a possible early marker of cardiovascular risk in this population.
Indivíduos com histórico familiar de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e Diabetes Mellitus do tipo 2 (DM2) apresentam precocemente prejuízo na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) quando comparados aos filhos de normotensos/normoglicêmicos. Apesar de diversos estudos avaliarem os benefícios do exercício físico em hipertensos e diabéticos, poucos analisaram a influência do estilo de vida fisicamente ativo em filhos de pais com HAS e DM2, principalmente entre mulheres jovens. Destarte, o objetivo desta tese foi analisar parâmetros metabólicos, hemodinâmicos e autonômicos em repouso e em resposta a estimulação simpática de mulheres sedentárias e fisicamente ativas com histórico familiar positivo de HAS, DM2 e HAS+DM2. Foi conduzido um estudo analítico transversal, com 105 mulheres (18 a 30 anos de idade). Foi avaliado: histórico familiar de HAS/DM2; nível de atividade física; pressão arterial; glicemia; VFC no domínio do tempo e da frequência por meio do registro dos intervalos R-R. Os resultados foram divididos em quatro estudos. No estudo 1 foi analisada a qualidade de vida e os parâmetros hemodinâmicos e autonômicos em repouso e em resposta ao teste de estresse mental em mulheres jovens sedentárias (MS=48) e fisicamente ativas (MA=48). Os achados evidenciaram que o sedentarismo em mulheres induziu prejuízo na modulação autonômica cardíaca em repouso e em resposta ao estresse fisiológico e piorou a qualidade de vida, antes mesmo de alterar parâmetros clínicos cardiovasculares ou metabólicos. No Estudo 2, foi comparada a VFC de mulheres filhas: de normotensos e normoglicêmicos (FNN, n=14), de hipertensos (FH, n=13), de diabéticos (FD, n=11) e de diabéticos e hipertensos (FHD, n=11). Os resultados demonstraram que o histórico familiar de HAS e/ou DM2 induziu prejuízo na VFC antes de alterações clínicas cardiovasculares ou glicêmicas. No estudo 3 foi avaliado o impacto do estilo de vida sobre a modulação autonômica cardíaca de mulheres com histórico familiar de DM2. Foram avaliadas filhas: sedentárias de normoglicêmicos (FSN, n=14), sedentárias de diabéticos (FSD, n=11) e ativas de diabéticos (FAD, n=14), concluindo que o estilo de vida fisicamente ativo foi associado a melhor modulação autonômica cardíaca do grupo FAD. No Estudo 4 foi avaliado a influência do histórico familiar de HAS associado ou não à DM2 sobre a VFC em repouso e em resposta a um teste de estresse mental de mulheres sedentárias e fisicamente ativas. Foram avaliadas filhas: sedentárias de normotensos e normoglicêmicos (FSNN, n=14), sedentárias de hipertensos (FSH, n=13), ativas de hipertensos (FAH, n=14); e sedentárias de hipertensos e diabéticos (FSHD, n=11) e ativas de hipertensos e diabéticos (FAHD, n=14). Os achados deste estudo mostraram que o estilo de vida fisicamente ativo é responsável pela melhor modulação autonômica cardíaca de mulheres com histórico familiar de HAS, mas que a associação com o histórico de DM2 atenua estes benefícios, não só na condição de repouso, mas principalmente frente ao teste de estresse mental. Em conjunto nossos resultados evidenciam prejuízo na VFC em mulheres com histórico familiar de HAS e/ou DM2, ressaltam a importância de uma vida fisicamente ativa na prevenção de disfunções autonômicas precoces associadas ao desenvolvimento de HAS e DM2 em mulheres geneticamente predispostas, e reforçam a análise da VFC como um possível marcador precoce de risco cardiovascular nessa população.
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Karjalainen, J. (Jaana). "Cardiovascular autonomic function in coronary artery disease patients with and without type 2 diabetes:significance of physical activity and exercise capacity." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2013. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526202723.
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Abstract Coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction, which is widely used as a predictor of mortality in cardiovascular diseases. The determinants of autonomic dysfunction in CAD patients with or without T2D are not well known. The aim of this thesis was to examine the determinants of cardiovascular autonomic function in healthy subjects and CAD patients with and without T2D. A second aim was to study the prognostic value of autonomic function in the patient population. A third aim was to study the effects of exercise prescriptions on physical activity and exercise capacity in the patient groups. The association between heart rate (HR) variability and physical activity was examined by means of 24-hour recordings in 45 healthy adults. The determinants and prognostic value of autonomic function, measured by HR recovery, HR variability, and HR turbulence, were assessed in 1060 CAD patients (50% were patients with T2D). Physical activity was measured before and after a six-month exercise prescription in 44 CAD patients without T2D and 39 CAD patients with T2D. In healthy patients, short-term HR variability indexes and the complexity properties of HR were influenced by physical activity, whereas long-term HR variability indexes remained relatively stable at various activity levels, making them robust indexes for assessment of autonomic function during ambulatory conditions. In CAD patients, exercise capacity was the most important determinant of autonomic function in addition to physical activity, age, presence of T2D, and left ventricular systolic function. During a 2-year follow-up, autonomic dysfunction predicted cardiovascular events only in CAD patients with T2D, but did not provide independent prognostic information after multivariate adjustment when high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation, remained as an independent predictor. CAD patients with T2D were physically less active than patients without T2D. Exercise prescription promoted a more active lifestyle and improved exercise capacity in both patient groups. In conclusion, cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in CAD patients with and without T2D is closely related to low exercise capacity and physical activity, which both can be increased by exercise prescriptions. Autonomic dysfunction predicts short-term cardiovascular events only in CAD patients with T2D, but is not as strong an independent predictor as low-grade inflammationTiivistelmä Autonomisen hermoston toiminnan häiriö on yleinen komplikaatio sepelvaltimotaudissa ja tyypin 2 diabeteksessa (T2D), ja sen tiedetään olevan itsenäinen kuolleisuutta ennustava tekijä. Autonomista säätelyä selittäviä tekijöitä ei kuitenkaan tunneta hyvin. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin autonomisen hermoston toimintaa selittäviä tekijöitä kolmessa ryhmässä: osa tutkittavista oli terveitä, osalla oli sepelvaltimotauti ja T2D, ja osalla pelkästään sepelvaltimotauti. Lisäksi tutkittiin, miten autonominen säätely vaikuttaa sepelvaltimotautipotilaiden ennusteeseen sekä miten liikuntaohjelma vaikuttaa heidän fyysiseen aktiivisuuteensa ja suorituskykyynsä. Sykevaihtelun ja fyysisen aktiivisuuden välistä yhteyttä selvittävään tutkimukseen osallistui 45 tervettä henkilöä. Autonomisen hermoston toimintaa selittäviä tekijöitä ja sen ennustearvoa tutkittiin 1060 sepelvaltimotautipotilaalta, joista puolet sairasti T2D:ta. Näistä potilaista valittiin satunnaisotannalla kuuden kuukauden liikuntaohjelmaan ja fyysisen aktiivisuuden mittauksiin 44 sepelvaltimotautipotilasta, joilla ei ollut T2D:ta, ja 39 potilasta, jotka sairastivat T2D:ta. Terveillä henkilöillä lyhyen aikavälin sykevaihtelumuuttujat olivat yhteydessä fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen, mutta pitkän aikavälin sykevaihtelumuuttujissa tätä yhteyttä ei havaittu. Sepelvaltimotautipotilailla vahvimmiksi autonomista säätelyä selittäviksi tekijöiksi osoittautuivat maksimaalinen suorituskyky, fyysinen aktiivisuus, ikä, T2D ja vasemman kammion ejektiofraktio. Poikkeava autonominen säätely ennusti sydän- ja verisuonitautitapahtumia kahden vuoden seurannan aikana vain T2D:ta sairastavilla sepelvaltimotautipotilailla, mutta sillä ei ollut itsenäistä ennustearvoa, kun vakioitiin muilla riskitekijöillä. Lopulta ainoa huonon ennusteen merkki oli tulehdustilaa kuvaava herkkä CRP. T2D:ta sairastavat sepelvaltimotautipotilaat olivat fyysisesti passiivisempia kuin pelkästään sepelvaltimotautia sairastavat. Yksilöllinen liikuntaohjelma lisäsi korkean intensiteetin fyysistä aktiivisuutta ja paransi suorituskykyä molemmissa potilasryhmissä. Tämän tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että sepelvaltimotautipotilailla autonomisen hermoston toiminnan häiriö on yhteydessä vähäiseen fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen ja heikkoon fyysiseen kuntoon. Molempiin tekijöihin voidaan vaikuttaa positiivisesti liikuntaohjelmalla. Poikkeava autonominen säätely ennustaa lyhyen aikavälin sydän- ja verisuonitautitapahtumia vain T2D:ta sairastavilla sepelvaltimotautipotilailla. Se ei kuitenkaan ole yhtä vahva itsenäinen ennustaja kuin tulehdusta kuvaava herkkä CRP
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Moraes, Oscar Albuquerque de. "Avaliação da modulação autonômica cardiovascular de camundongos diabéticos não obesos." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2013. http://bibliotecadigital.uninove.br/handle/tede/1146.
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Introduction: It is known that diabetes is associated with autonomic dysfunction and this is a severe complication that increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality. The non-obese diabetic mice (NOD) is an experimental model of type 1 diabetes which develops insulitis at the 4th week and diabetes between the 14th and the 20th week of life. However, data about autonomic function in these mice remain scarce. Objective: To investigate the cardiovascular autonomic profile of NOD mice. Methods: Female mice (24-28 week old) were divided in two groups: NOD (n=6) and control (n=6, swiss mice). NOD mice with glycemia ≥300 mg/dl were used in this study. Heart rate variability (HRV) was evaluated in time and frequency domains and also through symbolic analysis. Were also analyzed the variability of the blood pressure, and baroreflex sensitivity by means of the bradycardic and tachycardic responses induced by infusion of phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside. Student t test for independent samples and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for statistical analyses. The data were described as means and standard error. Results: The heart rate and arterial pressure were similar between the groups, however HRV (total variance of RR interval: NOD = 21.07 ± 3.75 vs. C = 42.02 ± 6.54 ms2) and RMSSD (NOD = 4.01 ± 0.32 vs. C = 8.28 ± 0.97 ms), a vagal modulation index, were lower in NOD group when compared to control group. Moreover, the low frequency component was higher in NOD group (normalized LF: NOD = 61.0 ± 4.0 vs. C = 20.0 ± 4.0%), while the high frequency of HR component was lower in NOD compared with the control group (normalized HF: NOD = 39.0 ± 4.0% vs. C = 80.0 ± 4.0%). Similarly, the 0V pattern of symbolic analysis, indicative of sympathetic activity, was increased in NOD group when compared to the control group (NOD = 11.9 ± 1.4 vs. C = 6.06 ± 0.90%) and the 2LV pattern, indicative of parasympathetic activity, was reduced in the NOD group (NOD = 7.98 ± 1.3 vs. C = 21.2 ± 3.36%). Both responses to arterial pressure changes, tachycardic (NOD = 3.01 ± 0.72 vs. C = 4.54 ± 0.36 bpm/mmHg) and bradycardic (NOD = 2.49 ± 0.31 vs. C = 3.43 ± 0.33 bpm/mmHg) were lower in NOD when compared to the control group. A negative correlation between the indices of vagal modulation (RMSSD, normalized high frequency component and 2LV pattern of symbolic analysis) and blood glucose levels was also observed. Conclusions: The NOD mice present cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and that is probably associated with glycemic levels.
Introdução: O diabetes está associado com disfunção autonômica e esta é uma grave complicação que eleva o risco de mortalidade cardiovascular. O camundongo não obeso diabético (NOD) é um modelo experimental de diabetes tipo 1 que desenvolve insulinite na quarta semana de vida e diabetes entre a 14ª e 20ª semana de vida. Contudo, dados sobre a função autonômica cardiovascular em camundongos NOD permanecem escassos. Objetivos: Investigar a função autonômica cardiovascular do camundongo NOD. Métodos: Camundongos fêmeas (24-28 semanas de vida) foram divididas em dois grupos: NOD (n = 6) e controle (C, camundongo suiço, n=6). Foram incluídos no grupo NOD animais com glicemia igual ou superior a 300 mg/dl. Foi avaliada a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca no domínio do tempo e da frequência e também por meio de análise simbólica. Além disso, foram avaliados a variabilidade da pressão arterial, bem como a sensibilidade barorreflexa, por meio das respostas bradicárdicas e taquicárdicas induzidas pela infusão de fenilefrina e nitroprussiato de sódio. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o teste t de Student para amostras independentes e o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Os dados foram descritos como média e erro padrão. Resultados: A frequência cardíaca e a pressão arterial foram similares entre os grupos, no entanto a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (variância do intervalo de pulso: NOD = 21,07 ± 3,75 vs. C = 42,02 ± 6,54 ms2) e o RMSSD (NOD = 4,01 ± 0,32 vs. C = 8,28 ± 0,97 ms), um índice de modulação vagal, foram menores no grupo NOD quando comparados ao grupo controle. Além disso, o componente de baixa frequência foi maior no grupo NOD (BF normalizado: NOD = 61,0 ± 4,0 vs. C = 20,0 ± 4,0%), enquanto que o componente de alta frequência foi menor no grupo NOD quando comparado com o grupo controle (AF normalizado: NOD = 39,0 ± 4,0% vs. C = 80,0 ± 4,0%). De forma semelhante, na análise simbólica o padrão 0V, indicativo da atividade simpática, estava aumentado no grupo NOD em comparação com o grupo controle (NOD= 11,9 ± 1,4 vs. C = 6,06 ± 0,90%) e o padrão 2LV, indicativo da atividade parassimpática, estava reduzido no grupo NOD (NOD = 7,98 ± 1,3 vs. C = 21,2 ± 3,36%). Ambas as respostas reflexas comandadas pelos barorreceptores, taquicárdica (NOD = 3,01 ± 0,72 vs. C = 4,54 ± 0,36 bpm/mmHg) e bradicárdica (NOD = 2,49 ± 0,31 vs. C = 3,43 ± 0,33 bpm/mmHg) foram menores no grupo NOD quando comparadas com o grupo controle. Ainda, observamos uma correlação negativa entre os índices de modulação vagal (RMSSD, componente de alta frequência normalizado e padrão 2LV da análise simbólica) e os níveis glicêmicos. Conclusão: Os camundongos NOD apresentam disfunção autonômica cardiovascular e essa disautonomia está associada com os níveis glicêmicos.
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Ribeiro, Ícaro José Santos. "Avaliação da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca de idosos diabéticos e não diabéticos." Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, 2013. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/7643.
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
INTRODUÇÃO: O cenário de envelhecimento populacional e o aumento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT) requer o desenvolvimento e validação de métodos diagnóstico e de ferramentas não invasivas para identificação de fatores de risco e estadiamento destas doenças. Entre estes métodos evidencia-se a análise da modulação autonômica do coração por meio da Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca (VFC). OBJETIVO: Analisar a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca de idosos diabéticos (DM+) e não diabéticos (DM–) residentes em um município baiano; avaliar a resposta da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca na realização da manobra de levantar-se rapidamente. MÉTODOS: estudo epidemiológico transversal, de abordagem censitária. Desenvolvido com 205 idosos da zona urbana do munícipio de Aiquara-BA, após aplicação os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os dados da VFC foram coletados através do monitor Polar RS800CX, com registro inicial de 5 min em repouso, seguido por comando de levantar-se rapidamente para avaliação da razão 30:15. Para análise dos dados, as variáveis categóricas foram apresentadas em frequências (relativa e absoluta), enquanto variáveis contínuas, através de médias e medianas, desvio-padrão e intervalo interquartil. Foram realizados testes de comparação de proporções (chi quadrado ou exato de Fisher) e de mediana (Mann-Whitney). RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de aproximadamente 71 anos (±7,32 dp). A população foi em sua maioria constituída por mulheres 59,1%, de baixa ou nenhuma escolaridade 60,0% e baixa renda 81,0%. A análise da VFC no domínio da frequência não evidenciou diferença quando comparados os grupos de DM+ e DM–. Doravante, no domínio do tempo, o rMSSD apresentou mediana de 16,09 [IQR 9,91-30,68]; e o pNN50 mediana de 0,79 [IQR 0,00-6,62], havendo diferença estatisticamente significante entre o grupo de DM+ e DM– (p<0,05). Como observado para os índices de atividade parassimpática em repouso, a razão 30:15, o índice de atividade parassimpática durante uma condição dinâmica, mostrou uma diferença significativa entre DM + e DM - idosos (p <0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A análise da VFC entre os grupos evidenciam a possibilidade de degeneração do ramo parassimpático no grupo DM+ pela diminuição nos parâmetros do tempo e a razão 30:15. Isso pode representar repercussões graves no sistema cardiovascular, uma vez que os índices reduzidos nestes indivíduos indicam uma menor cardioproteção.
INTRODUCTION: The scenario of population aging and the increase of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) requires the development and validation of diagnostic methods and non-invasive tools for identification of risk factors and staging of these diseases.Among these methods, the analysis of autonomic modulation of the heart using the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) becomes evident. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the heart rate variability in diabetic (DM+) and nondiabetic (DM–) elderlies residents in a municipality of Bahia, and also to know the response of heart rate variability in performance of the quickly stand up maneuver. METHODS: cross-sectional study of censitary approach. Carried out with 205 elderlies in the urban area of the municipality of Aiquara-BA, after had applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. HRV data were collected through the Polar RS800CX monitor with 5 min initial record at rest, followed by the command to quickly stand up. For data analysis, categorical variables were presented as frequencies (relative and absolute), while continuous variables as median, standard deviation and interquartile range (IQR). Tests were conducted to compare proportions (chi square or Fisher's exact test) and median (Mann-Whitney). RESULTS: The mean age was approximately 71 years (± 7.32 sd). The population was mostly made up of women 59.1%, with low or no schooling 60% and low income 81.0%. HRV analysis in the frequency domain showed no difference when comparing the two groups of DM+ and DM–. Henceforth in the time domain the rMSSD showed median of 16.09 [IQR 9.91-30.68]; the pNN50 median of 0.79 [IQR 0.00-6.62], with statistical significance between the group of DM+ and DM–. As observed for parasympathetic activity indexes at rest, the 30:15 ratio, an parasympathetic activity index during a dynamic condition, showed a significant difference between DM + and DM – elderlies (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HRV analysis between groups showed the possibility of deterioration of the parasympathetic branch of the DM + group, by decreasing the parameters of time and the 30:15 ratio. This can have serious repercussions on the cardiovascular system, since the reduced rates in those individuals indicate less cardioprotection.
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Buzin, Morgana Ayala Sevilia. "Efeitos do treinamento físico combinado em ratas ooforectomizadas diabéticas: avaliações morfofuncionais, de estresse oxidativo e inflamação cardíacas." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2015. http://bibliotecadigital.uninove.br/handle/tede/1375.
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The incidence of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes significantly increases in women after menopause. Among the chronic diabetes complications is cardiomyopathy, which greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality. On the other hand, aerobic exercise training (ET) induces attenuation of cardiometabolic disorders that affect menopausal women and/or diabetic. However, studies involving the cardiac effects of aerobic ET in association with resistance ET (combined ET) are scarce and controversial. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined ET on parameters of morphometry and cardiac function, oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic ovariectomized rats. Female Wistar rats (200-220g) were divided into 4 groups (n=8 per group): sedentary euglycemic (ES), diabetic (streptozotocin, 50 mg / kg, iv) sedentary (DS) and diabetic ovariectomized (bilateral removal of ovaries) sedentary (DOS) or submitted to combined ET (DOTC). Combined ET was performed on a treadmill and ladder adapted to rats (8 weeks, 5 d/week, 1 h/day), alternating days. Echocardiographic measurements were performed at the end of 8 weeks of ET protocol, and followed the recommendations of the M Mode Standardization Committee of the American Society of Echocardiography. The cardiac oxidative stress was evaluated by chemiluminescence initiated by t-BOOH (QL), the dosage of protein carbonyls and the redox ratio of glutathione (GSH/GSSG). Inflammation was measured by a TNF-α and IL-10 in cardiac tissue. Body weight was lower and blood glucose levels were higher in the diabetic group compared to the ES. Reduction of left ventricular mass (LVM), of relative wall thickness (RWT), and circumferential shortening velocity (VEC), and increased LV cavity in diastole and isovolumetric relaxation time were observed in sedentary diabetic animals (DS group). The combined ET attenuated these morphometric and functional disorders. The myocardial performance index (MPI) indicated a loss in diabetic and improved by physical training (ES: 0.25 ± 0.07; SD: 0.32 ± 0.05; DOS: 0.39 ± 0.13; DOTC: 0.18 ± 0.11). There was an increase of oxidative stress, both assessed by QL as the carbonyl in DOS group (vs. DS group), which was attenuated by combined ET (DOTC group). There was a reduction of GSH/GSSG in all diabetic groups (DS, DOS and DOTC) in relation to euglycemic group (ES), and increase in this parameter in the trained group (ES: 10.4 ± 1.64; SD: 5.8 ± 1.23; DOS: 5.8 ± 0.67; DOTC: 8.6 ± 0.94). There was no difference in TNF-α between studied groups, but IL-10 was decreased in sedentary diabetic groups (DS and DOS groups) regarding the euglycemic (ES group), which was not observed in the trained group (ES: 2.67 ± 1.05; SD: 1.08 ± 0 28; OF: 0.76 ± 0.37; DOTC: 1.84 ± 0.36 pg /mg protein). In conclusion, the results of this study show that the combined exercise training induced attenuation of cardiac morphometric and functional disorders associated with the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation in the heart in an experimental model of diabetes and menopause, suggesting a positive impact of this approach in the management of risk factors in this condition.
A incidência de doenças cardiovasculares e de diabetes aumenta significativamente em mulheres após a menopausa. Dentre as complicações crônicas do diabetes destaca-se a cardiomiopatia, a qual aumenta muito o risco de mortalidade cardiovascular. Por outro lado, o treinamento físico (TF) aeróbio induz atenuação de disfunções cardiometabólicas que acometem mulheres menopausadas e/ou diabéticas. Entretanto, estudos envolvendo os efeitos cardíacos do TF aeróbio em associação com o TF resistido (TF combinado) são escassos e controversos. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do TF combinado em parâmetros de morfometria e função cardíaca, estresse oxidativo e inflamação em ratas ooforectomizadas diabéticas. Ratas Wistar (200-220g) foram divididas em 4 grupos (n=8 em cada): euglicêmico sedentário (ES), diabético (estreptozotocina, 50 mg/kg, iv) sedentário (DS) e diabético ooforectomizado (retirada bilateral dos ovários) sedentário (DOS) ou submetido a treinamento físico combinado (DOTC). O treinamento físico foi realizado em esteira e escada adaptadas para ratos (8 semanas, 5 dias/semana, 1 hora/dia), de forma alternada. As medidas ecocardiográficas foram realizadas ao final das 8 semanas de TF, e seguiram as recomendações do Comitê de Padronização do Modo M da Sociedade Americana de Ecocardiografia. O estresse oxidativo cardíaco foi avaliado por quimiluminescência iniciada por t-BOOH (QL), pela dosagem de proteínas carboniladas e pela razão redox da glutationa (GSH/GSSG). A inflamação foi por medida pelo TNF α e IL-10 em tecido cardíaco. O peso corporal foi menor e a glicemia foi maior nos grupos diabéticos em relação aos animais euglicêmicos (grupo ES). Houve redução na massa do ventrículo esquerdo (MVE), da espessura relativa de parede (ERP), da velocidade de encurtamento circunferencial (VEC), bem como aumento da cavidade do VE na diástole e do tempo de relaxamento isovolumétrico nos animais diabéticos sedentários (grupos DS e DOS). O TF combinado atenuou tais disfunções morfométricas e funcionais no grupo DOTC. Em relação ao índice de desempenho do miocárdio (IDM) houve prejuízo nos grupos sedentários diabéticos e melhora ocasionada pelo treinamento físico (ES: 0,25±0,07; DS: 0,32±0,05; DOS: 0,39±0,13; DOTC: 0,18±0,11). Houve aumento de estresse oxidativo, tanto avaliado pela QL quanto pelas carbonilas, no grupo DOS em relação ao DS, o que foi atenuado pelo treinamento físico (grupo DOTC). Houve redução da GSH/GSSG em todos os grupos diabéticos em relação ao grupo euglicêmico, e aumento desta razão no grupo treinado (ES: 10,4 ±1,64; DS: 5,8 ±1,23; DOS: 5,8 ±0,67; DOTC: 8,6 ±0,94). Não houve diferença no TNF-α entre os grupos estudados, mas o IL-10 foi menor nos grupos diabéticos sedentários em relação ao euglicêmico, o que não foi observado no grupo treinado (ES: 2,67±1,05; DS: 1,08±0,28; DOS: 0,76±0,37; DOTC: 1,84±0,36 pg/mg proteína). Concluindo, os resultados do presente estudo evidenciam que o treinamento físico combinado induziu atenuação das disfunções morfométricas e funcionais cardíacas associado à redução de estresse oxidativo e de inflamação no coração em um modelo experimental de diabetes e menopausa, sugerindo impacto positivo desta abordagem no manejo do risco cardíaco nessa condição.
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Barreto, André Sales. "Treinamento físico resistido previne hipertensão arterial e melhora modulação autonômica cardíaca em ratos diabéticos induzidos pela aloxana." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2010. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3686.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of resistance training on blood pressure, ventricular repolarization, baroreflex sensitivity and cardiac autonomic balance in diabetic rats. Cardiovascular evaluation was performed in conscious trained and sedentary animals, 8 weeks after the onset of diabetes with alloxan or control animals. The resistance training consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions performed at 40% of one repetition maximum test, 3 days/wk over 8 wks in squattraining apparatus. Blood pressure was monitored for 30 min 48 h after the last training session or time control. Baroreflex sensitivity was analyzed by sequence method and cardiac autonomic balance was assessed by heart rate variability in the frequency domain. After 8 wks, the diabetes significantly increased glycemia (from 83 ± 8 to 381 ± 41 mg/dl, p<0.05), mean blood pressure (from 104.7 ± 5.4 to 125.1 ± 5.4 mmHg, p<0.05), QTc interval (from 4.4 ± 0.1 to 5.1 ± 0.1 ms, p<0.05), reduced baroreflex sensitivity (from 2.01 ± 0.3 to 0.38 ± 0.1 ms/mmHg, p<0.05) and impaired the cardiac autonomic balance. Resistance training was able to produce significant reduction on the glycemia (270 ± 17 mg/dl, p<0.05), prevented the increase of mean blood pressure (108 ± 3 mmHg, p<0.001) and QTc interval (4.6 ± 0.1 ms, p<0.01), the reduction of baroreflex sensitivity (2.63 ± 0.5 ms/mmHg, p<0.01) and disturbance on the cardiac autonomic balance. These results suggest that resistance training promotes a better glycemic control, prevents hypertension and improves baroreflex sensitivity and cardiac autonomic balance in alloxan diabetic rats.
O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do treinamento físico resistido sobre a pressão arterial, repolarização ventricular, sensibilidade barorreflexa e balanço autonômico cardíaco em ratos diabéticos. A avaliação cardiovascular foi realizada em animais conscientes treinados e sedentários, após 8 semanas do início do diabetes com aloxana ou nos animais controle. O treinamento físico resistido consistiu de 3 séries de 10 repetições realizada a 40% do teste de uma repetição máxima, 3 dias/semana durante 8 semanas em um aparato que simula o exercício de agachamento em humanos. Pressão arterial foi monitorada por 30 minutos 48 horas após a última sessão de treinamento físico ou tempo controle. A sensibilidade barorreflexa foi analisada pelo método da sequência e o balanço autonômico cardíaco foi avaliado pela variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca no domínio da freqüência. Após 8 semanas, o diabetes aumentou significativamente a glicemia (de 83 ± 8 para 381 ± 41 mg/dl), pressão arterial média (de 104.7 ± 5,4 para 125 ± 5,4 mmHg), intervalo QTc (de 4,4 ± 0,1 para 5,1 ± 0,1 ms), reduziu sensibilidade barorreflexa (de 2,01 ± 0,3 para 0,38 ± 0,1 ms/mmHg) e produziu um distúrbio sobre o balanço autonômico cardíaco. O treinamento físico resistido foi capaz de produzir significante redução sobre a glicemia (270 ± 17 mg/dl), preveniu o aumento da pressão arterial (100,8 ± 4,2 mmHg) e intervalo QTc (4,6 ± 0,1 ms), a redução da sensibilidade barorreflexa (2,63 ± 0,5 ms/mmHg) e distúrbio sobre a balanço autonômico cardíaco. Esses resultados sugerem que o treinamento físico resistido promove um melhor controle glicêmico, previne hipertensão e melhora a sensibilidade barorreflexa e balanço autonômico cardíaco em ratos diabéticos induzidos pela aloxana.
Books on the topic "Autonomic nervous system. Bone Diabetes"
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Javorka, Michal. Cardiovascular signals in diabetes mellitus: A new tool to detect autonomic neuropathy. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science, 2009.
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Strian, Friedrich, and Andrea J. S. Hin. Autonome Neuropathie bei Diabetes mellitus. Springer, 2012.
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Brandner, Brigitta. Explaining reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0003.
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The medical community had long been aware of a constellation of symptoms involving pain, bone atrophy, and trophic changes that could occur following a trauma; however, this paper was the first to unify and explain the syndrome. James Evans amalgamated other theories of the time and was the first to realize the fundamental role of the autonomic nervous system in explaining the pathophysiology of the condition, which he named ‘reflex sympathetic dystrophy’. Evans uses 57 cases histories to highlight the variety of noxious stimuli that may result in reflex sympathetic dystrophy, and goes onto outline the local anaesthetic blocks and sympathectomies he used to treat them. This is a seminal paper because Evans is the first to use the term ‘reflex sympathetic dystrophy’ and, in doing so, proposes an underlying mechanism for a disease process that, while known, was until then very poorly understood.
Book chapters on the topic "Autonomic nervous system. Bone Diabetes"
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Scholte, Arthur J. H. A., and Hein J. Verberne. "Imaging the Cardiac Automatic Nervous System in Diabetes Mellitus." In Autonomic Innervation of the Heart, 309–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45074-1_15.
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Surwit, Richard S., Suzanne L. Ross, and Mark N. Feinglos. "Stress, Behavior, and the Autonomic Nervous System in Type II Diabetes Mellitus." In Contributions to Psychology and Medicine, 184–97. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3290-2_10.
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Ji-Ye, He, Zheng Xin-Feng, and Jiang Lei-Sheng. "Autonomic control of bone formation." In Autonomic Nervous System, 161–71. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53491-0.00014-6.
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Cryer, Philip E. "Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in diabetes." In Autonomic Nervous System, 295–307. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53491-0.00023-7.
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Freeman, Roy. "Diabetic autonomic neuropathy." In Diabetes and the Nervous System, 63–79. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53480-4.00006-0.
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"Diabetes and the Autonomic Nervous System." In Handbook of the Autonomic Nervous System in Health and Disease, 552–75. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203908891-20.
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Pozza, Guido, and Maria Grazia Natali-Sora. "Diabetes and the Autonomic Nervous System." In Handbook of the Autonomic Nervous System in Health and Disease, 527–49. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203908891.ch17.
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Schmidt, Robert E. "Autonomic neuropathy in experimental models of diabetes mellitus." In Diabetes and the Nervous System, 579–602. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53480-4.00038-2.
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Mathias, Christopher J., and David A. Low. "Diseases of the autonomic nervous system." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Christopher Kennard, 6150–65. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0603.
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The autonomic nervous system innervates all organs, producing predominantly involuntary and automatic actions that are mediated by two principal efferent pathways, the sympathetic and parasympathetic, which are neurochemically and anatomically distinct. Numerous synaptic relays and neurotransmitters allow the autonomic control of organ function at local and central levels to be integrated with the requirements of the whole body. The peripheral and central components of the autonomic nervous system are frequently affected by diseases, conditions, or toxins. Autonomic disorders are described as (1) primary—without defined cause, including multiple system atrophy and acute/subacute dysautonomias; or (2) secondary—with specific defects or as a consequence of other conditions, including diabetes mellitus, Riley–Day syndrome, amyloid neuropathy, dopamine β-hydroxylase deficiency, spinal cord injury, and many drugs.
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Ferdousi, Sultana, and Phurpa Gyeltshen. "Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy and Heart Rate Variability." In Type 2 Diabetes - From Pathophysiology to Cyber Systems. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95515.
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is associated with both macro- and microvascular complications. One among the latter, is cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). CAN is attributed to cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. Underlying pathogenesis of cardiac autonomic neuropathy is chronic hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress causing neuronal necrosis, apoptosis and death, leading to the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve dysfunction. The balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system is reflected by heart rate variability (HRV). HRV describes “the variations of both instantaneous heart rate and R-R intervals which in turn reflects the cardiac autonomic nervous control”. HRV measured at rest is a marker of autonomic nerve function status. Thus, HRV test is recommended to diagnose diabetic CAN. Time domain parameters predominantly reflect overall autonomic activity and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) modulations. Frequency domain parameters either reflect, sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, PNS activity, or the balance between the two activities. Nonlinear HRV indices marks PNS influences, SNS influences and sympatho-vagal balance. Almost all these HRV parameters are remarkably reduced in T2DM due to cardiac autonomic dysfunction. HRV is an important simple and noninvasive diagnostic tool to detect CAN.
Conference papers on the topic "Autonomic nervous system. Bone Diabetes"
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Parvaneh, Saman, Amir Abdolahi, Mehrnoosh Arafati, and Faezeh Naderi. "Influence of Snack Intake on Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes." In 2017 Computing in Cardiology Conference. Computing in Cardiology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22489/cinc.2017.156-368.
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Cheng, Lu, Li Xia, and Quan Haiying. "Three nonlinear parameters to assess autonomic nervous system function of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with a postural change from supineness to standing." In 2012 5th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2012.6513115.
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