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Lopes, Sílvia, Maria José Chambel, and Francisco Cesário. "Linking perceptions of organizational support to temporary agency workers’ well-being." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 27, no. 5 (November 4, 2019): 1376–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-08-2018-1502.
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Purpose This research focused on agency work. Previous studies highlighted the importance of motivations to understand workers’ attitudes, behaviors and well-being. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the contribution of perceptions of support from organizations to autonomous motivation for temporary agency employment, the relationship of motivations with workers’ well-being and the mediating role of motivations between perceptions of organizational support (POS) and workers’ well-being. Design/methodology/approach The hypotheses were tested with a sample of 3,983 temporary agency workers and using structural equation modeling. Findings The authors verified that POS from the agency contributed to both autonomous motivation and controlled motivation for temporary agency employment, whereas POS from the client company only contributed to autonomous motivation for temporary agency employment. Moreover, autonomous motivation for temporary agency employment was positively associated with workers’ well-being. Contrary to expectations, controlled motivation for temporary agency employment was not significantly associated with workers’ well-being. As predicted, autonomous motivation for temporary agency employment was a mediator in the relationship between POS and workers’ well-being. Research limitations/implications The study relies on self-reported data, and it does not have a longitudinal design. Practical implications An important implication of this research study is that organizations, through the support provided to the workers, may contribute positively to increase workers’ autonomous motivation for temporary agency employment, and, in turn, more autonomous motivation for temporary agency employment relates to higher levels of workers’ well-being. Originality/value The study innovates by including in the same model variables that may contribute to workers’ motivation for temporary agency employment as well as the outcomes that may arise from workers’ motivation for temporary agency employment.
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Yuan, Liuliang, and Wei Liu. "The influence of contextual support on persistent sharing willingness of QQ group members." Online Information Review 41, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-01-2016-0009.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the ways to encourage members in QQ knowledge-communication groups to persistently share knowledge in terms of contexts and autonomous motivations. Design/methodology/approach Based on self-determination theory, three important contextual factors of QQ knowledge-communication groups were selected as exogenous variables and three typical autonomous motivations as mediating variables to construct a knowledge-sharing model. Internet questionnaire surveys and data collection were conducted to test proposed hypotheses by means of structural equation modeling with AMOS. Findings Reciprocity, learning, and altruism have significant positive influence on persistent sharing willingness, and the degree to which each factor influences persistent sharing willingness differs considerably. Autonomy support, perceived usefulness, and relatedness support have no significantly direct influence on persistent sharing willingness, but they indirectly influence the persistent sharing behaviors by the mediating effect of different autonomous motivations. Originality/value This study contributes theoretically and practically. First, the results suggest that a particular motivation in different contexts has a different degree of autonomy. In addition, explanations are offered for the phenomenon that suggest that controlled motivations directly affect autonomous motivations. It was found that the contextual factors of competence support and relatedness support also have influence on different autonomous motivations, and hence encourage knowledge-sharing behaviors. Specific suggestions for QQ group managers and information seekers are proposed.
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Bibi, Annam. "SERVANT LEADERSHIP AND NURSE’S PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR: THE ROLE OF AUTONOMOUS AND EXTERNAL MOTIVATIONS." Dinasti International Journal of Management Science 1, no. 6 (July 12, 2020): 785–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v1i6.341.
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This study aims to investigate the relationships between servant leadership, pro-environmental behavior, and external and autonomous motivation among nurses, and whether external and autonomous motivations mediate the relationship between servant leadership and pro-environmental behavior. Based on a survey of 351 nurses, we found that servant leadership was significantly associated with pro-environmental behavior and that external and autonomous motivations indirectly affected the relationship between servant leadership and pro-environmental behavior. Moreover, servant leadership was found to interact with external motivation to predict pro-environmental behavior of nurses. Managers of nursing services should consider servant leadership and its positive influence on nurses’ outcomes in order to improve their performance and, subsequently, the healthcare system.
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Park, JiHyeon, and JaeYoon Chang. "Exploration of work motivation structure and profiles based on self-determination theory among Korean employees." Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 29, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 27–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v29i1.27-60.
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The Self-determination theory (SDT) posits the existence of distinct taxonomy of motivation (i.e., amotivation, external, introjected, identified, integrated, and intrinsic motivation). The purpose of this study was to explore whether SDT’s work motivation structure can be applied to the understanding that of Korean employees, and to identify the motivational profiles for Korean employees together with their relationships with a variety of organizational outcomes. Data was collected from two separate samples of Korean employees(Study 1: 509 employees; Study 2: 153 employees). The results showed that unlike SDT taxonomy, autonomous motivations were not classified into three distinctive categories(identified, integrated, and intrinsic motivation). The results also revealed that there were three distinct motivational profiles(i.e., autonomous motivated, controlled motivated, and amotivated), and the largest proportion of Korean employees was covered by controlled motivated cluster. The autonomous motivated cluster had the most favorable levels of adaptive organizational outcomes(i.e., organizational commitment, job satisfaction), whereas the amotivated cluster was strongly related to non-adoptive organizational outcomes(i.e., turnover, emotional exhaustion). Based on these results, discussion was made regarding the distinct features of work motivation structure and motivational profiles in Korean work setting, and also future research directions were suggested.
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Raposo, Frederico Zarazaga, David Sánchez-Oliva, Eliana Veiga Carraça, António Labisa Palmeira, and Marlene Nunes Silva. "The Dark Side of Motivational Practices in Exercise Professionals: Mediators of Controlling Strategies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 26, 2020): 5377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155377.
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According to the Self-Determination Theory, perceived job pressures can coerce professionals to develop more controlled motivations towards their work, and consequently increase the probability of using controlling motivational strategies. This study sought to analyze work-related motivations as mediators between two types of perceived job pressures: organizational constraints and perceptions of clients’ controlled motivation and the use of controlling motivational strategies by exercise professionals. Using a cross-sectional design, involving 366 exercise professionals (172 women), mediation paths were assessed following Preacher and Hayes statistical procedures. Models were adjusted for gender, work experience (years), and the internal tendency to feel events as pressuring. Organizational constraints were associated with lower autonomous motivation for work and the use of controlling strategies. Perceptions of clients’ controlled motivation were associated with work-related amotivation and the use of controlling strategies. Amotivation mediated the association between organizational constraints and controlling strategies. Overall, results support theoretical predictions and previous research, extending it to the exercise domain, highlighting the interplay between job pressures, work-related motivations, and the use of controlling strategies. The understanding of what influences exercise professionals’ motivation, and consequently the motivational strategies they use, is of paramount importance for exercise promotion and the benefit of those who seek their expert guidance.
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Manger, Terje, Jørn Hetland, Lise Øen Jones, Ole Johan Eikeland, and Arve E. Asbjørnsen. "Prisoners’ academic motivation, viewed from the perspective of self-determination theory: Evidence from a population of Norwegian prisoners." International Review of Education 66, no. 4 (August 2020): 551–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11159-020-09855-w.
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Abstract The study presented in this article explores prisoners’ academic motivation structure from the theoretical perspective of self-determination theory, using the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS). Analysing survey responses from 529 (29 female, 500 male) prisoners with Norwegian citizenship who participated in education while being incarcerated, the authors investigate how prison students’ motivation might be “reduced” or summarised using a smaller set of factors or components than extant studies. A confirmatory factor analysis suggested that a five-factor model, including intrinsic motivation, three types of extrinsic motivation (namely identified regulation, introjected regulation, and external regulation) and amotivation, yielded the best fit with the data provided by the prisoners. An alternative three-factor model created by collapsing the three extrinsic dimensions into a single dimension was found to fit the data poorly. The structural model revealed that younger prisoners displayed more controlled academic motivations than older ones, who displayed more autonomous motivations. Contrary to the authors’ expectations, prisoners with a higher level of education did not display more autonomous academic motivations than those with a lower level.
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Ryan, Richard M., James N. Donald, and Emma L. Bradshaw. "Mindfulness and Motivation: A Process View Using Self-Determination Theory." Current Directions in Psychological Science 30, no. 4 (June 22, 2021): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09637214211009511.
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Mindfulness and motivation are both highly researched topics of great consequence for individual and social wellness. Using the lens of self-determination theory, we review evidence indicating that mindfulness is differentially related to different types of motivations, playing a facilitating role for highly autonomous forms of motivation, but not for externally controlled or introjected (self-controlling) forms of motivation. A key contribution of this review is our contention that mindfulness confers a range of intra- and interindividual benefits (e.g., well-being and prosociality) in part through its relation to autonomous motivations, a claim for which we outline preliminary evidence. Finally, we discuss how future research connecting mindfulness and motivation is important for both fields of study, for applied practices in areas such as psychotherapy and business, and for enhancing understanding of the processes underlying human wellness.
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Mozaffari, Hamed, and Ali Nahvi. "A motivational driver model for the design of a rear-end crash avoidance system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 234, no. 1 (May 23, 2019): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651819847380.
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A motivational driver model is developed to design a rear-end crash avoidance system. Current driver assistance systems use engineering methods without considering psychological human aspects, which leads to false activation of assistance systems and complicated control algorithms. The presented driver model estimates driver’s psychological motivations using the combined longitudinal and lateral time to collision, the vehicle kinematics, and the vehicle dynamics. These motivations simplify both autonomous driving algorithms and human-machine interactions. The optimal point of a motivational multi-objective cost function defines the decision for the autonomous driving. Moreover, the motivations are used as risk assessment factors for driver–machine interaction in dangerous situations. The system is evaluated on 10 human subjects in a driving simulator. The assistance system had no false activation during the tests. It avoided collisions in all the rear-end crash avoidance scenarios, while 90% of human subjects did not.
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Starzyk, Janusz A., James Graham, and Leszek Puzio. "Needs, Pains, and Motivations in Autonomous Agents." IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems 28, no. 11 (November 2017): 2528–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2016.2596787.
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Chambel, Maria José, Vânia S. Carvalho, Sílvia Lopes, and Francisco Cesário. "Perceived overqualification and contact center workers’ burnout: are motivations mediators?" International Journal of Organizational Analysis 29, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): 1337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-08-2020-2372.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test the direct effect of the perceived overqualification on the burnout syndrome and the indirect effect through the workers’ autonomous and controlled motivation. Design/methodology/approach The hypotheses were tested with a sample of 3,256 contact center operators from one Portuguese company and data were analyzed using the software package Mplus to conduct structural equation models. Findings The results revealed that workers’ perceived overqualification is positively related to burnout and that both autonomous and controlled motivation partially mediates this relationship. Research limitations/implications The cross-sectional design should be regarded as a limitation. Moreover, each variable was only assessed with self-reported measures, the sample comprised call center employees from only one company and one country (Portugal), and the workers were all employed in commercial services of telecommunications, energy, banking or insurance companies, which may constrain the generalization of these results. Practical implications Workers’ perceived overqualification should be avoided to prevent their burnout. Furthermore, an increase in workers’ skills and competencies, enhanced decision latitude, and the task variety and quality should be crucial for employees to develop more autonomous motivation to work in a contact center and the promotion of their well-being at work. More precisely, as overqualification concerns the employees’ perceptions of surplus education, experience and knowledge, from a practical perspective, enhancing the decision latitude, task variety and quality of these individuals’ work may contribute to decreasing individuals’ perception of overqualification and, therefore, contribute to increasing workers’ autonomous motivations and well-being. Originality/value This study provides evidence concerning the mediating role of both workers’ autonomous and controlled motivation to explain the relationship between perceived overqualification and burnout.
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Muñoz-Restrepo, Ana, Marta Ramirez, and Sandra Gaviria. "Strategies to Enhance or Maintain Motivation in Learning a Foreign Language." Profile: Issues in Teachers´ Professional Development 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/profile.v22n1.73733.
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Motivation is one of the most important factors in the enjoyment and success in learning any subject, especially a foreign language. Many students approach the learning of a language based on academic mandates, family impositions, job requirements, and so on. These non-intrinsic motivations make learning a more difficult, frustrating, and non-pleasurable experience, both for students and teachers. Therefore, skills in motivating learners should be seen as central to teaching effectively. In this article, we provide a series of strategies for teachers to gradually lead students from an extrinsic motivation to a more internal and autonomous motivation. This approach is framed within one of the most recent and well-known theories of motivation: self-determination theory.
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Chanal, Julien, and Frédéric Guay. "Are Autonomous and Controlled Motivations School-Subjects-Specific?" PLOS ONE 10, no. 8 (August 6, 2015): e0134660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134660.
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Yildiz, Vahit Aga, and Durmus Kilic. "Examining the motivations of primary school fourth grade students with regard to homework." Contemporary Educational Researches Journal 9, no. 4 (November 30, 2019): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cerj.v9i4.4439.
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In this study, the aim was to determine the motivation levels of primary school fourth grade students with regard to their homework, and whether their motivations differ in terms of some variables. The sample used in the study, conducted using a survey method, consists of 256 students studying in schools in the province of Erzurum of the Republic of Turkey. The data of the study were collected using a ‘Homework Motivation Scale’. Data were analysed using descriptive statistical techniques, a t-test and a one-way analysis of variance test. It was seen that the internal and external motivations of the students differed with regard to intrinsic motivation. In addition, it was seen that students' autonomous motivations differed with regard to those who have someone who helps them with homework. Students' intrinsic motivation is higher than their external motivation. It is thought that this will contribute to students completing their homework successfully.
Keywords: Homework, motivation, primary school.
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Messineo, Linda, Crispino Tosto, and Mario Allegra. "Exploring Factors Predicting Undergraduate Healthcare Students’ Use of Learning Strategies." European Journal of Educational Research 10, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 1579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.10.3.1579.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between students’ academic motivation, implicit beliefs about intelligence and learning strategies among undergraduate healthcare students. First-year students of healthcare degree courses from a university in Southern Italy were surveyed. The study measured psychological constructs by means of Academic Motivation Scale, Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, and Dweck’s implicit questions about beliefs of intelligence. Two regression models were computed to assess the association between students’ beliefs about intelligence, motivations for studying, and learning strategies. In the first regression model, predicting students’ use of cognitive strategies from implicit intelligence beliefs and motivations for studying, stronger autonomous motivations were significant predictors of cognitive strategies. The second regression model, predicting students’ use of metacognitive strategies from implicit intelligence beliefs and motivations for studying, was not significant. These findings can be useful to plan tailored educational interventions to promote students’ motivation, incremental beliefs about intelligence and their use of learning strategies positively related with academic performance.</p>
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Perez-Rivases, Andrea, Miquel Torregrosa, Carme Viladrich, and Susana Pallarès. "Women Occupying Management Positions in Top-Level Sport Organizations: A Self-Determination Perspective." Anales de Psicología 33, no. 1 (December 28, 2016): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.1.235351.
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<p>Framed in Self-determination theory (SDT), the purpose of this research was to examine whether the working environment of women in sport management positions could fulfil or thwart their basic psychological needs (BPN) and to explore the motivations that women managers experience in these positions. Eight female managers of top-level sport organizations participated in semi-structured interviews. Results showed that seven of them reported being in an environment that fulfilled their BPN and experienced autonomous motivation in their job. In contrast, one participant reported working in a context that thwarted her BPN and experienced controlled motivation. We present contextual antecedents that were considered satisfying or thwarting of the BPN of those women enrolled in management positions. Insomuch as BPN satisfaction is expected to be related to autonomous motivation and well-being, the current study provides a first insight regarding how sport organizations could promote women managers’ BPN satisfaction and thus increase their autonomous motivation and well-being in such positions.</p>
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Castro-González, Álvaro, María Malfaz, J. F. Gorostiza, and Miguel A. Salichs. "LEARNING BEHAVIORS BY AN AUTONOMOUS SOCIAL ROBOT WITH MOTIVATIONS." Cybernetics and Systems 45, no. 7 (September 2, 2014): 568–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01969722.2014.945321.
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Mailey, Emily L., Deirdre Dlugonski, Wei-Wen Hsu, and Michelle Segar. "Goals Matter: Exercising for Well-Being But Not Health or Appearance Predicts Future Exercise Among Parents." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 15, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 857–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2017-0469.
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Background: Many parents are insufficiently active. Further research is needed to understand the goals that drive sustained exercise participation among parents. The purpose of this study was to use self-determination theory derived constructs to examine the relationship between parents’ exercise goals and their autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and exercise behavior across 1 year. Methods: Mothers (n = 226) and fathers (n = 70) of children less than 16 years completed the Exercise Motivations Inventory-2 and, 1 year later, the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 and Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the longitudinal relationships between exercise goals and autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and leisure-time exercise. Results: All goals except weight management were significantly associated with autonomous motivation, whereas only weight and appearance goals predicted controlled motivation. Exercising for stress management and revitalization, but not health- or appearance-related goals, was significantly related to exercise behavior over 1 year. Conclusions: Only goals related to immediate affective outcomes were associated with both autonomous motivation and exercise behavior over time. These findings support recent calls to “rebrand exercise” as a means to improve daily well-being. Such goals may drive parents to prioritize exercise because they value the immediate benefits it provides.
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Zhang, Ye, Shu Cole, Peter Ricci, and Jie Gao. "Context-Based Leisure Travel Facilitation among People with Mobility Challenges: A Self-Determination Theory Approach." Journal of Travel Research 58, no. 1 (December 14, 2017): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287517741004.
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In response to the pressing need to psychologically empower people with mobility challenges (PwMC) to travel, this study proposes the facilitation of self-determined travel motivations as a promising approach. The variation of self-determined travel facilitation across different challenge levels is examined through a quasi-experimental design and analyzed with a new test of moderated mediation based on Hayes’ (2015a) model. The results indicate that for PwMC with significant travel challenge levels, the tourism industry should prioritize the cultivation of intrinsic travel motivations and perceived travel competence satisfaction over less-autonomous motivation dimensions and satisfaction of alternative psychological needs. Such cross-context exploration extends self-determination theory with a new moderator of challenge levels. The adopted new analysis of moderated mediations is competitive regarding accuracy, efficiency, and robustness for less-controlled, real-world tourism experiments. Results can also guide the customization of motivational programs for different PwMC to maximize the effectiveness of psychological empowerment for travel.
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Syukrianto, Ristan Taufiq. "Within Indian wars and the Wounded Knee massacre." Rainbow : Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Culture Studies 10, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/rainbow.v10i1.45169.
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Besides recorded in textbooks, historical events sometimes are adopted into literary works. Rebecca Wiles’ Bury Me at Wounded Knee is one of which since it portrays the Indian Wars and the Wounded Knee Massacre on 29 December 1890. The clause Bury Me at Wounded Knee in the poem is a form of self-determination of Native Americans. This paper aims at mapping the causal relation of historical events found in the poem to examine the Native Americans’’ self-determination inside it. As the basis, the paper employs the Historicism theory and Self-Determination theory (SDT) about autonomous and controlled motivations. The results found that the Native Americans’ self-determination in the poem is an undermined one. It is built by their internal autonomous motivation of deeply rooted culture and beliefs. However, the encroachments of the U.S. government who seized their rights, acted as controlled extrinsic motivations, internalized and thwarted the intrinsic motivation so that the self-determination is undermined. It decreases in the degree from an eagerness to act and resist to merely a wish of being buried in the location where they die and think of extinction.
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Osei-Frimpong, Kofi. "Understanding consumer motivations in online social brand engagement participation." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 47, no. 5 (May 13, 2019): 511–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-08-2018-0151.
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Purpose Through the lens of self-determination theory (SDT), the purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of autonomous and controlled motivational regulations in driving consumer participation in social brand engagement (SBE) practices. In addition, the moderating effects of cognitive effort and consumer demographic variables (age and gender) are examined. Design/methodology/approach The proposed model is tested by employing a quantitative survey design consisting of 832 consumers with prior experience in engaging with brands on social media. The respondents were conveniently interviewed using online questionnaire. The model estimation was done through structural equation modelling with AMOS 23.0. Findings The findings indicate that intrinsic, integrated, introjected and external motivational regulations significantly influence consumer participation in SBE activities, whereas identified regulation does not. Furthermore, while age and gender presented mixed interaction effects on the paths examined, cognitive effort does not moderate the influence of autonomous and controlled motivational regulations on SBE participation. Research limitations/implications This study employed a cross-sectional survey to explore consumer motivation and cognitive effort in SBE practices. As an exploratory study, the findings may be limited and not conclusive, which could limit the generalisation of the results reported. Practical implications This study demonstrates a need for retailing managers to understand customers’ varying intentions or needs in participating in online SBE activities As a result, retail managers need to adopt social media strategies that could elicit interest and curiosity on the part of the customer to excite them to participate in the brand social interactions. Originality/value This research contributes to the conceptual understanding of SBE through the application of SDT, and contends that cognitive effort does not moderate consumer participation in SBE practices. Also, the mixed findings resulting from the moderation test of age and gender sheds light on specific types of regulated motivations that are either moderated or not in relation to these demographic variables.
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Oh, Se-Hyung (David). "Leadership Emergence in Autonomous Work Teams: Who is More Willing to Lead?" Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 40, no. 9 (October 1, 2012): 1451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2012.40.9.1451.
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In a leaderless autonomous work team context, if people have a high motivation to lead (MTL) others and actively engage in leadership behaviors, these motivations and behaviors would distinguish them from other group members, leading them to be recognized as leaders of their groups. Therefore, MTL is an important determinant of leadership emergence in autonomous work teams. With a sample of 136 participants in a leadership development program, I examined the relationship between individual differences in internal (i.e., need for cognitive closure [NFC]) and external factors (i.e., seniority, culture) and MTL in the autonomous work team environment. The data showed that high NFC individuals had high noncalculative and social-normative MTL and, thus, were more likely to become leaders in their work teams. There was also a significant interaction between culture and gender in regard to social-normative MTL. Seniority was not an influential predictor for social-normative MTL.
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Maes, Pattie. "Modeling Adaptive Autonomous Agents." Artificial Life 1, no. 1_2 (October 1993): 135–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl.1993.1.1_2.135.
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One category of research in Artificial Life is concerned with modeling and building so-called adaptive autonomous agents, which are systems that inhabit a dynamic, unpredictable environment in which they try to satisfy a set of time-dependent goals or motivations. Agents are said to be adaptive if they improve their competence at dealing with these goals based on experience. Autonomous agents constitute a new approach to the study of Artificial Intelligence (AI), which is highly inspired by biology, in particular ethology, the study of animal behavior. Research in autonomous agents has brought about a new wave of excitement into the field of AI. This paper reflects on the state of the art of this new approach. It attempts to extract its main ideas, evaluates what contributions have been made so far, and identifies its current limitations and open problems.
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Ma, Wenting. "Study on the Influencing Factors on Network-based Autonomous Learning in Mechanical Engineering English." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 11, no. 03 (March 30, 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v11i03.5536.
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Exploring the influencing factors of network-based autonomous learning is very important for colleges and universities in the world who have adopted this teaching mode in their education system. Many studies have discussed the teaching mode of autonomous learning, but failed to pay enough attention to the factors influencing students learning results. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the influencing factors and students’ learning results among different levels, and find better teaching method according to students’ learning condition. Mechanical Engineering students in Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology are employed as the data source. A number of data are collected and compared, and an analysis of various factors that influence the achievement of students’ network-based autonomous learning is performed. Data calculation shows that: students from different grades and levels differ in their learning motivations and beliefs; in learning strategies, they have no difference in cognitive stratagem, but in Meta-cognitive strategy and resource management strategies they are different. There are significant positive correlations between students’ intrinsic motivation and belief of resource management, students’ responsibility strategy use; extrinsic motivation and strategy use are a negative correlation, but not significant.
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Nguyen, Hieu Trong, Phuong Minh Chu, Jisun Park, Yunsick Sung, and Kyungeun Cho. "Intelligent motivation framework based on Q-network for multiple agents in Internet of Things simulations." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 15, no. 7 (July 2019): 155014771986638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147719866385.
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Internet of Things simulations play significant roles in the diverse kinds of activities in our daily lives and have been extensively researched. Creating and controlling virtual agents in three-dimensional Internet of Things simulations is a key technology for achieving realism in three-dimensional simulations. Given that traditional virtual agent-based approaches have limitations for realism, it is necessary to improve the realism of three-dimensional Internet of Things simulations. This article proposes a Q-Network-based motivation framework that applies a Q-Network to select motivations from desires and hierarchical task network planning to execute actions based on goals of the selected motivations. The desires are to be identified and calculated based on states. Selected motivations will be chosen to determine the goals that agents must achieve. In the experiments, the proposed framework achieved an average accuracy of up to 85.5% when the Q-Network-based motivation model was trained. To verify the Q-Network-based motivation framework, a traditional Q-learning is also applied in the three-dimensional virtual environment. Comparing the results of the two frameworks, the Q-Network-based motivation framework shows better results than those of traditional Q-learning, as the accuracy of the Q-Network-based motivation is higher by 15.58%. The proposed framework can be applied to the diverse kinds of Internet of Things systems such as a training autonomous vehicle. Moreover, the proposed framework can generate big data on animal behaviors for other training systems.
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Weinstein, Netta, and Thuy-Vy Nguyen. "Motivation and preference in isolation: a test of their different influences on responses to self-isolation during the COVID-19 outbreak." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 5 (May 2020): 200458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200458.
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This multi-wave study examined the extent that both preference and motivation for time alone shapes ill-being during self-isolation. Individuals in the USA and the UK are self-isolating in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Different motivations may drive their self-isolation: some might see value in it (understood as the identified form of autonomous motivation), while others might feel forced into it by authorities or close others (family, friends, neighbourhoods, doctors; the external form of controlled motivation). People who typically prefer company will find themselves spending more time alone, and may experience ill-being uniformly, or as a function of their identified or external motivations for self-isolation. Self-isolation, therefore, offers a unique opportunity to distinguish two constructs coming from disparate literatures. This project examined preference and motivation (identified and external) for solitude, and tested their independent and interacting contributions to ill-being (loneliness, depression and anxiety during the time spent alone) across two weeks. Confirmatory hypotheses regarding preference and motivation were not supported by the data. A statistically significant effect of controlled motivation on change in ill-being was observed one week later, and preference predicted ill-being across two weeks. However, effect sizes for both were below our minimum threshold of interest.
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Benka, Jozef. "Autonomous self-regulation and different motivations for alcohol use among university students." Mental Health & Prevention 7 (September 2017): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mhp.2017.06.002.
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Mishra, Abhishek, Anish Yousaf, and Insha Amin. "An attribute-based framework for students' motivation to join an HEI: a self-determination theory perspective." International Journal of Educational Management 35, no. 1 (October 6, 2020): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-06-2020-0281.
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PurposeThe current work explores the attributes that serve as motivation regulations for students' selection of a higher education institute (HEI).Design/methodology/approachWith a self-determination theory (SDT) perspective, the current study used a mixed-method approach to develop a scale to measure HEI attribute-based motivation regulations.FindingsA total of eight regulations were proposed: academic/extracurricular activities, infrastructure, faculty research expertise, teaching and learning quality, placement opportunities, marketing and promotion, education cost and social influence. The first four were autonomous motivations and the remaining were controlled motivations.Research limitations/implicationsThe study leverages the SDT motivation continuum into a structured HEI attribute-based student motivation framework.Practical implicationsThe study guides HEI managers with specific attributes to position the institute appropriately.Originality/valueThis is one of the few works in the higher education utilizing the complete SDT framework.
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Chen, Weiyun, and Andrew J. Hypnar. "Elementary School Students’ Self-Determination in Physical Education and Attitudes Toward Physical Activity." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 34, no. 2 (April 2015): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2013-0085.
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Motivations for and positive attitudes toward physical activity (PA) developed during childhood are likely to be carried over to adulthood. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between three psychological needs satisfaction, motivational regulations in physical education (PE), and attitudes toward participation in leisure-time PA among upper elementary school students. One thousand and seventy-three students in grades 3-5 anonymously and voluntarily completed three measures, including Psychological Needs Satisfaction, Motivational Regulations, and Attitudes, which were modified from previous works and judged by a panel of experts to ensure the wording of each item was understandable for upper elementary school students. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, composite reliability coefficient, and multilevel confirmatory factor analysis methods. The results indicated that the composite reliability coefficients of the measures were above .60, ranging from .62 to .79. The results of structural equation model indicated that satisfactions of autonomy, competence, and relatedness were significantly instrumental to the enhancement of autonomous motivation in PE settings and attitudes toward PA participation. Elementary school students’ having fun, obtaining benefits, and being with friends were all major motivational factors contributing to positive attitudes toward PA outside of school.
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Nguyen, Tam, and Tsunemi Watanabe. "Autonomous Motivation for the Successful Implementation of Waste Management Policy: An Examination Using an Adapted Institutional Analysis and Development Framework in Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (March 30, 2020): 2724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072724.
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Increasing waste production is a serious problem for every country with substantial waste management initiatives. This challenge can be addressed by establishing waste reduction as a strategic policy. To this end, a project prioritizing community-based composting was implemented in Vietnam’s Thua Thien Hue province. The project mandated that the actors involved (i.e., local authorities, assistance groups, and residents) separate out organic waste for composting. To understand more fully how this policy could be implemented more successfully, first, the present study examined the links between local authorities’ support, groups providing assistance to residents during initiatives, and the project’s outcomes. Second, the research focused on the autonomous motivations influencing this project. These two points made our study novel. A case study design was applied based on self-determination theory and an adapted institutional analysis and development framework. Content analyses of qualitative and secondary data were conducted to examine the framework’s relevant components. Focusing on the psychological states approach, results showed that autonomous motivation was the main driver of waste separation and was activated by the local authorities’ autonomy support, deployed via an assistance group consisting of a waste collector and village leader, as well as other community attributes. These factors therefore affected the project’s outcomes. The research demonstrates the need to advocate local authorities’ autonomy support and residents’ autonomous motivation for waste separation.
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Zanatta, Thaís, Christoph Rottensteiner, Niilo Konttinen, and Marc Lochbaum. "Individual Motivations, Motivational Climate, Enjoyment, and Physical Competence Perceptions in Finnish Team Sport Athletes: A Prospective and Retrospective Study." Sports 6, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports6040165.
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Despite the high rates of participation in sports clubs among Finnish youth, only a few reach elite levels. This study investigated a number of motivational factors, enjoyment, and perceived physical competence perceptions of Finnish youth athletes in their adolescence and then four years later to help understand determinants of elite level attainment. The sample consisted of 824 young athletes born in 1995, who were playing soccer, ice hockey, or basketball in the Finnish sports club system. As youths, participants completed measurements of the perceived task and ego climates, task and ego goal orientations, autonomous and controlled motivations, amotivation, sport enjoyment, and perceived physical competence. Retrospectively, the same participants completed measurements of task, ego, social relatedness, and autonomy supportive climates four years later. All variables were compared to self-reported elite status attainment. Additionally, we examined some demographic characteristics. Prospectively, the self-reported elite athletes (n = 79) reported significantly (p < 0.05) higher perceptions of a task climate, perceived physical competence, sport enjoyment, and autonomous motivation and a lower level of amotivation compared to nonelite athletes. The meaningfulness (Hedges’ g) of the significant differences ranged from small to moderate. Retrospectively, elite athletes indicated significantly (p < 0.05) higher perception of a task climate and a social relatedness climate during their sporting career. Hedges’ g ranged from moderate to large in meaningfulness. The findings highlighted the importance of focusing on the positive aspects surrounding elite athletes’ perceptions to promote youth athletes’ development, while not discounting the importance of physical size and talent.
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Gomes, Gilzamir Ferreira, Creto Augusto Vidal, Joaquim Bento Cavalcante Neto, and Yuri Lenon Barbosa Nogueira. "An Autonomous Emotional Virtual Character: An Approach with Deep and Goal-Parameterized Reinforcement Learning." Journal on Interactive Systems 11, no. 1 (October 9, 2020): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/jis.2020.751.
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We have developed an autonomous virtual character guided by emotions. The agent is a virtual character who lives in a three-dimensional maze world. We found that emotion drivers can induce the behavior of a trained agent. Our approach is a case of goal parameterized reinforcement learning. Thus, we create conditioning between emotion drivers and a set of goals that determine the behavioral profile of a virtual character. We train agents who can randomly assume these goals while trying to maximize a reward function based on intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. A mapping between motivation and emotion was carried out. So, the agent learned a behavior profile as a training goal. The developed approach was integrated with the Advantage Actor-Critic (A3C) algorithm. Experiments showed that this approach produces behaviors consistent with the objectives given to agents, and has potential for the development of believable virtual characters.
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Grant, Adam M., Samir Nurmohamed, Susan J. Ashford, and Kathryn Dekas. "The performance implications of ambivalent initiative: The interplay of autonomous and controlled motivations." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 116, no. 2 (November 2011): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.03.004.
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Yasué, Maï, and James B. Kirkpatrick. "Do financial incentives motivate conservation on private land?" Oryx 54, no. 4 (December 3, 2018): 499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318000194.
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AbstractFinancial incentives may aid in conservation if they broaden the numbers and types of landowners who engage in protection and conservation management on private land. We examined the hypotheses that financial incentives (1) encourage participation of people with lower autonomous motivation towards conservation and lower self-transcendence (i.e. benevolence and universalism) values compared to participants in similar programmes without such incentives; (2) enable more on-ground works and activities; and (3) enhance feelings of competence and autonomy with respect to conservation actions. We surveyed 193 landowners in private land conservation programmes in Tasmania, only some of whom had received financial incentives. All of these landowners had high self-transcendence values, and autonomous motivation towards the environment. Owners of large properties and participants with higher self-enhancement values, lower self-transcendence values and lower autonomous motivation towards the environment were slightly more likely to engage in incentive programmes. However, people who received funding did not report more conservation actions than people in programmes without incentives. Owners of larger properties receiving incentives reported fewer conservation actions. Thus financial incentives probably recruited a few into nature conservation who may not have otherwise engaged, but did not result in a more intensive level of conservation management. Our results caution against the blanket-use of incentives amongst landowners who may already have values and motivations consistent with environmental action, and point to the need for further research on the socio-psychological characteristics of landowners, to examine the contextual factors that influence the effects of conservation payments.
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Weiger, Welf H., Hauke A. Wetzel, and Maik Hammerschmidt. "Who’s pulling the strings?" European Journal of Marketing 53, no. 9 (September 9, 2019): 1808–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-10-2017-0777.
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Purpose Firms increasingly rely on content marketing to trigger user engagement in social media brand communities. The purpose of this paper is to examine how three generic types of marketer-generated content (affiliative, injunctive and utilitarian content) drive user engagement by considering distinct motivational paths and the role of users’ preference for intimate (vs broad) social networks. Design/methodology/approach The authors conduct a field survey and a scenario experiment among social media users across different brands from three different product categories. They examine the impact of marketer-generated content on user engagement while considering the moderating role of network intimacy (i.e. the mutual confiding within a user’s social network in terms of small social circles) and the mediating role of user motivations (i.e. autonomous vs controlled motivation for community membership). Findings The findings show that affiliative content (i.e. content that highlights shared values) drives user engagement through autonomous motivation, and utilitarian content (i.e. content that highlights tangible benefits) drives user engagement through controlled motivation. Notably, injunctive content (i.e. content that demands specific user behavior) is not a promising instrument to increase user engagement in social media brand communities when not targeted correctly. Research limitations/implications The authors link three generic content types derived from literature on communal systems to user engagement, demonstrate the motivational underpinnings of their translation into engagement behavior and show that network intimacy can explain why the same content type can impact user engagement through two motivational paths. Practical implications The authors present three types of content that marketers can craft to trigger users to engage with a brand’s social media community and show when this content is most effective and why. By examining the moderating role of network intimacy, this research aims at providing targeting implications to social media marketers. Originality/value This research provides new insights on the effectiveness of marketer-generated content. The authors reveal two motivational paths that compete in explaining the overall effectiveness of different types of marketer-generated content to fuel user engagement. The authors further demonstrate that these relationships depend on the intimacy of a user’s circle of online friends.
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Skinner, Nicholas F., and Patrick B. Lynch. "Cognitive Residues Revisited: A Critical Appraisal of Rosenbaum's “New View of Fantasy”." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 5, no. 4 (June 1986): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hk4d-ejke-fa0d-309q.
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According to Rosenbaum, newly predominant beliefs prompt the repression of an individual's previously held beliefs as intact “cognitive residues.” The proliferation of residues, combined with the conflict which their conscious expression poses for predominant beliefs, leads to his proposition that residues meet their needs for expression through fantasy and/or hallucinogenic drug use. In a critical analysis of Rosenbaum's explanation of residual reification, it is contended that the attribution of autonomous motivations to residues is an appeal to “homunculi,” and that the integrity of the basic model (regarding structural changes in beliefs during development) is better preserved by redefinition of the component motivational processes proposed in the theory.
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Elsborg, Peter, Johan Bundgaard Nielsen, Gertrud Ursula Pfister, Vivian Dümer, Anette Jacobsen, and Anne-Marie Elbe. "Volition and motivations influence on weight maintenance." Health Education 119, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-04-2018-0023.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how the psychological constructs volition and motivation influence successful and unsuccessful weight maintainers’ experiences during the difficult period following an intensive lifestyle intervention. Design/methodology/approach Post lifestyle intervention semi-structured interviews with 11 successful and four unsuccessful weight maintainers were conducted. Findings The eight themes that emerged and the differences between successful and unsuccessful maintainers were theoretically explained applying the self-determination theory (motivation) and the personal systems interaction (volition). Practical implications The study validates and coheres with previous findings on the importance of self-regulation and autonomous motivation for weight loss maintenance. Additionally, the study’s findings expand the literature by explaining both empirically and theoretically how the quality of motivation concerning an activity influences the level of volitional intensity needed when wanting to either engage in goal oriented or refrain from goal opposing activities. Originality/value Developing effective obesity interventions has become essential, as obesity is a growing health threat in most countries in the world. However, there is a gap in the literature with regards to qualitative psychological studies with a clear theoretical framework informing intervention development.
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Gross, Valentin, Jean-Louis Berger, Matilde Wenger, and Florina Sauli. "Motivating styles in dual, initial vocational education and training." Journal of Vocational, Adult and Continuing Education and Training 3, no. 1 (October 22, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14426/jovacet.v3i1.126.
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In Switzerland, individuals who follow the typical dual form of an initial vocational education and training (VET) programme to learn a trade do so at two main learning sites: a training company and a vocational school. In this context, apprentices’ motivations differ noticeably between the school and the training company. Based on the self-determination theory constructs of motivating styles, basic psychological needs, and autonomous versus controlled motivations, this study aims to understand how apprentices perceive their teachers’ and trainers’ motivating styles, control and autonomy support at the two learning sites. Three hundred and twenty apprentices provided written answers to open-ended questions. We coded the data using thematic analysis. While the exercise of control appeared to be rather similar at the two learning sites, autonomy support varied greatly. At the vocational school, autonomy support was expressed through teachers’ listening skills and availability; at the training company, it was related to independence and equal recognition of apprentices and employees. The apprentices perceived teachers as having a more controlled motivating style and in-company trainers as having a more autonomy-supportive style. At the school, control was described primarily as organisational pressure and teachers’ demands, whereas, at the training company, it was reflected in a lack of recognition and thankless tasks. We discuss the relationship between motivating styles and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs in the context of dual VET.
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Pugliese, Alice. "Der Spannungsbogen von Autonomie und Verletzlichkeit. Eine phänomenologisch-anthropologische Reflexion / The Unsolved Tension between Autonomy and Vulnerability." Gestalt Theory 39, no. 2-3 (November 27, 2017): 349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gth-2017-0024.
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Summary A phenomenological approach to anthropology should not propose a static definition of man, but inquire into specific human motivations, which never occur isolated. Therefore, the autonomy-dependency connection is presented as a possible human motivational ground. The notion of autonomy, presented with reference to the Kantian idea of the self-determining reason and to the Husserlian account of self-constitution, reveals in itself elements of dependency. On the other side, the notion of vulnerability and reliance is displayed through different approaches of Gehlen, MacIntyre and Toombs in order to illustrate dependency not as a mere capitulation of the subject, but as one of its intrinsic possibilities, which does not exclude autonomous will.
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Morton, Alvin L., Lyndsey M. Hornbuckle, Miguel Aranda, Derrick T. Yates, and Courtney L. Anderson. "An Exploratory Study on Determinants of Regular Group Indoor Cycling Participation in Black and White Adults." SAGE Open 9, no. 3 (July 2019): 215824401986356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019863568.
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This study investigated factors influencing regular group indoor cycling (GIC) participation in a sample of Black (71%) and White (29%) adults. Seventeen regular GIC participants (≥1 day/week for ≥3 consecutive months) completed surveys that examined motivations for GIC participation. Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ), Preference for and Tolerance of Intensity of Exercise Questionnaire (PRETIE-Q), and open-ended survey questions were used. TSRQ showed autonomous motivation was significantly higher than controlled ( p <.001) and amotivation ( p < .001), with no significant difference between controlled and amotivation ( p = .08). There was no significant interaction between motivation and race. There were no significant differences between race groups for PRETIE-Q. Five themes emerged as reasons for GIC participation: music, physical health, social support, studio atmosphere, and enjoyment/fun. Racial differences surfaced in the themes. More research is needed to understand the role of cultural relevance as it relates to exercise motivation and regular exercise participation. This could inform strategies for promoting regular exercise in various populations.
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Abós, Ángel, Leen Haerens, Javier Sevil-Serrano, Sofie Morbée, José Antonio Julián, and Luis García-González. "Does the Level of Motivation of Physical Education Teachers Matter in Terms of Job Satisfaction and Emotional Exhaustion? A Person-Centered Examination Based on Self-Determination Theory." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16 (August 8, 2019): 2839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162839.
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Grounded in self-determination theory (SDT), prior research has demonstrated that physical education (PE) teachers may have different reasons to engage in teaching. Although some person-centered studies have identified varied motivational profiles in PE teachers, none of these studies have included the three forms of motivation (i.e., autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and amotivation). This study aims to identify teachers’ motivational profiles, using the three forms of motivation. Moreover, differences between the obtained profiles in terms of job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion were examined. A sample of 107 primary school PE teachers participated. Four distinct motivational profiles were identified: “relatively amotivated,” “somewhat motivated,” “autonomous-controlled motivated,” and “relatively autonomously motivated.” Results showed that the predominantly autonomously motivated PE teachers reported the most adaptive pattern of outcomes. Although PE teachers from the “relatively autonomously motivated” group did not differ in terms of job satisfaction when compared to those in the “autonomous-controlled motivated” group, the former displayed lower values of emotional exhaustion. These findings support SDT in that more motivation is not necessarily better if this additional motivation comes from controlled reasons. These results could raise awareness among school stakeholders about the importance of increasing PE teachers’ autonomous motivation.
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Sahlberg-Blom, Eva, Britt-Marie Ternestedt, and Jan-Erik Johansson. "“Am I Going to Die Now?” Prognostication of Survival Time by Members of the Care Team." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 42, no. 3 (May 2001): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/bakm-6h1j-4419-bpth.
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To get a real chance to make autonomous decisions in the final phase of their life, people who are soon going to die have a right to be informed concerning available knowledge about their prognosis and condition. The aim of this study is to describe how different members of the care team make prognostications about patients' survival time, and what motivates their prognostications. Doctors and registered nurses made prognostications to a greater extent, and were also somewhat more successful, than practical nurses and social workers. Different professions seem to differ in some respects concerning the criteria included in their motivations and the knowledge upon which they base their motivations.
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Dubnjakovic, Ana. "Information Seeking Motivation Scale development: a self-determination perspective." Journal of Documentation 73, no. 5 (September 11, 2017): 1034–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-03-2017-0032.
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Purpose Using self-determination motivation theory as a theoretical framework, the purpose of this paper is to examine information seeking motivation at the domain level in higher education setting. Design/methodology/approach Confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the Information Seeking Motivation Scale – College Version (ISMS – C). Findings ISMS – C was validated in the information seeking context. Consistent with self-determination theory (SDT), the results imply that students approach research tasks for both controlled and autonomous reasons. Research limitations/implications All constructs representing extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on a continuum were confirmed. However, amotivation proved difficult to define with the current sample. Additional studies need to be conducted in higher education setting in order to confirm its existence. Practical implications Given that the situational motivation is contingent on domain-level motivation, the ISMS – C scale can be helpful in promoting lasting intrinsic information seeking motivation at that level. Originality/value Consistent with the subjectivist orientation in information sciences which aims to account for cognitive and affective forces behind information need, ISMS constructed in the current study is one of the first measurement instruments to account for a spectrum of information seeking motivations at the domain level.
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Kasem, Ashraf, Ahmad Reda, József Vásárhelyi, and Ahmed Bouzid. "A Survey about Intelligent Solutions for Autonomous Vehicles based on FPGA." Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjece-2020-0007.
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Abstract Safe driving and reducing the number of accidents victims have been the main motivations for researchers and automotive companies for decades. Today, humanity is very close to make the old dream of fully autonomous vehicles a reality, thanks to the rapid spread of AI (artificial intelligence) and the evolution of semiconductor technologies. But the real problem here is the increasing demand for computational power and that of course will increase power requirements, hence it will not be suitable for autonomous driving applications. GPU is not suitable for solving this problem due to its power consumption as well as heat generation. On the other hand, CPU also does not satisfy the performance requirements. For the above condition, FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) has drawn attention as a hardware accelerator since it features high performance with low power consumption. This paper reviews the common solutions involving artificial intelligence implemented on FPGA for autonomous vehicle applications. Research, development, and current trends related to the topic are emphasized.
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Holmes, Jeremy, Gwen Adshead, and Jeanette Smith. "An ethical dilemma in psychotherapy." Psychiatric Bulletin 18, no. 8 (August 1994): 466–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.18.8.466.
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This paper examines the ethical principles of justice and autonomy in psychotherapy. A case history is presented which illustrates how ethical dilemmas concerning the type of psychotherapy to be offered are powerfully influenced by often unconscious counter-transference feelings in the resource allocators. The question of how autonomous a psychotherapy patient can be, when unconscious motivations could be affecting rational choice, is also explored and possible answers provided.
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Kauremaa, Jouni, and Jan Holmström. "Differences in adoption of global spare parts management in autonomous service units." Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 23, no. 4 (October 9, 2017): 370–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jqme-12-2012-0045.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the adoption and motivation to adopt global spare parts practices in autonomous units servicing the products of an original equipment manufacturer. Design/methodology/approach The methodological approach is case study investigating the reasons for different levels of use and the perceptions regarding the benefits of a centralized supply chain management in four representative service units. Findings Autonomous spare part units often source locally because local suppliers are easy to work with in terms of purchasing processes and have no requirements for systematic planning and control of spare parts purchases and inventory management. However, increasing the share of centrally sourced and managed spare parts in the supply chain brings advantages in terms of lower total cost and higher availability. From the perspective of individual subunits engaged in providing product support services, this advantage of relying on a centrally managed spare parts supply chain of an original equipment manufacturer is not self-evident. Autonomous units frequently choose to continue sourcing spare parts from alternative sources, undermining the economies of scale attainable through the original equipment manufacturer’s supply chain. Higher levels of use are facilitated by back-office purchasing management at the unit level. The positive perceptions of centralized supply management in general – including the relationship between the supply unit and the service unit – further facilitate adoption, while local requirements and practices inhibit it. Research limitations/implications The study is a single case study and presents proposals requiring further study of the reasons for the observed differences in use of centralized supply chain management. Practical implications Centralized spare parts management service requires investment in back-office resources at the service unit level. Originality/value The research increases the practical relevance of existing research through an empirical investigation on the autonomous units’ motivations for and perceived benefits of centralized spare parts supply.
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Tsitolovsky, Lev E. "A Model of Motivation with Chaotic Neuronal Dynamics." Journal of Biological Systems 05, no. 02 (June 1997): 301–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339097000199.
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The key problem to creating an autonomous system is: how does the brain choose its reactions, and how are motivation determined by ongoing signals, memory and heredity. In attempts to design a robot brain, several efforts have been made to design a self-contained control system that mimics biological motivation. However, it is impossible to develop an artificial brain using conventional computer algorithms, since a conventional program cannot predict all of the possible perturbations and disturbances in the environment, and hence cannot plan strategies that allow the system to overcome these perturbations and return to an optimal state. An external programmer must constantly update the system about the proper strategies needed to overcome newly-encountered perturbations. In contradistinction, living systems demonstrate excellent goal-directed behavior without the participation of an external programmer, and without full knowledge of the external environment. Biological motivation refers to actions on the part of an organism that lead to the attainment of a specific goal. When the organism attains the goal it is in an optimal state, and no further actions are generated. A deviation from the optimum will result in a change in activity that leads to a return to the optimum. Biologic motivations arise as the result of metabolic disturbances and are related to transient injury of the specific neurons. Treatments which protect neurons satisfy motivations and exert a psychotropic action relative to relief. I have developed a novel hypothesis of how living systems achieve a goal, based on data gathered on the effects of motivation on individual neurons. I claim that if the neuron affects the non-stability of its postsynaptic targets (probably by means of motivationally-relevant substances) in the end it chooses its reaction, although at each instant it acts by chance.
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Castro-González, Álvaro, María Malfaz, and Miguel A. Salichs. "Learning the Selection of Actions for an Autonomous Social Robot by Reinforcement Learning Based on Motivations." International Journal of Social Robotics 3, no. 4 (September 29, 2011): 427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12369-011-0113-z.
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Wang, Wei-Tsong. "Examining the Influence of the Social Cognitive Factors and Relative Autonomous Motivations on Employees’ Knowledge Sharing Behaviors." Decision Sciences 47, no. 3 (August 24, 2015): 404–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/deci.12151.
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Hodgins, Holley S., Kristin S. Weibust, Netta Weinstein, Sara Shiffman, Anita Miller, Garth Coombs, and Kathryn C. Adair. "The Cost of Self-Protection: Threat Response and Performance as a Function of Autonomous and Controlled Motivations." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 36, no. 8 (August 2010): 1101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167210375618.
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Kang, Heon Jin, Chee Keng John Wang, and Stephen Francis Burns. "A Case Study to Overcome Barriers and Enhance Motivations Through Experience of a Variety of Exercises: Theory-Based Intervention on an Overweight and Physically Inactive Adult." Case Studies in Sport and Exercise Psychology 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssep.2020-0029.
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A 5-month exercise intervention using self-determination theory was conducted for a physically inactive male adult with a body mass index >25 kg/m2 to overcome perceived exercise barriers and increase autonomous motivation to exercise through a variety of exercise programs. The participant underwent three different forms of exercise programs: trainer guided, self-guided via YouTube channels, and accustomed exercises for 3 hr weekly. The participant completed a questionnaire and body mass index measurement at baseline and during the second, fourth, and fifth months of intervention and kept an exercise log throughout the 5 months. Consultations were conducted during the second and fourth months. At the end of the program, a semistructured interview was conducted. The data showed that psychological needs satisfaction, autonomous motivation, and exercise behavior had improved, while perceived barriers had decreased. This case study provides insight into how a theory-based intervention could effectively promote exercise behavior by targeting psychological factors.