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Journal articles on the topic 'Autonomy avoidance'
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Johnson, H. Durell, Joseph C. LaVoie, Mary C. Spenceri, and Molly A. Mahoney-Wernli. "Peer Conflict Avoidance: Associations with Loneliness, Social Anxiety, and Social Avoidance." Psychological Reports 88, no. 1 (February 2001): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.88.1.227.
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Failure to resolve peer conflict is associated with children's reports of loneliness, social anxiety, and social avoidance. Although these relationships are well established, researchers have not examined the association between the avoidance of peer conflict and various adjustment characteristics. The current study examined the association between avoidance of conflict and measures of loneliness, social anxiety, and social avoidance for 59 pupils in Grade 4 (31 boys and 28 girls) and 47 in Grade 8 (22 boys and 25 girls). Volunteers indicated that conflict avoidance based on autonomy, e.g., independence issues, and interpersonal issues, e.g., closeness and cohesion, was associated with scores on loneliness for boys and girls, respectively. Conflict avoidance for emotional and physical well-being and fear of punishment was associated with increased reports of loneliness and social anxiety for children in Grade 4.
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Ton, C., Z. Kan, and S. S. Mehta. "Obstacle avoidance control of a human-in-the-loop mobile robot system using harmonic potential fields." Robotica 36, no. 4 (November 16, 2017): 463–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574717000510.
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SUMMARYThis paper considers applications where a human agent is navigating a semi-autonomous mobile robot in an environment with obstacles. The human input to the robot can be based on a desired navigation objective, which may not be known to the robot. Additionally, the semi-autonomous robot can be programmed to ensure obstacle avoidance as it navigates the environment. A shared control architecture can be used to appropriately fuse the human and the autonomy inputs to obtain a net control input that drives the robot. In this paper, an adaptive, near-continuous control allocation function is included in the shared controller, which continuously varies the control effort exerted by the human and the autonomy based on the position of the robot relative to obstacles. The developed control allocation function facilitates the human to freely navigate the robot when away from obstacles, and it causes the autonomy control input to progressively dominate as the robot approaches obstacles. A harmonic potential field-based non-linear sliding mode controller is developed to obtain the autonomy control input for obstacle avoidance. In addition, a robust feed-forward term is included in the autonomy control input to maintain stability in the presence of adverse human inputs, which can be critical in applications such as to prevent collision or roll-over of smart wheelchairs due to erroneous human inputs. Lyapunov-based stability analysis is presented to guarantee finite-time stability of the developed shared controller, i.e., the autonomy guarantees obstacle avoidance as the human navigates the robot. Experimental results are provided to validate the performance of the developed shared controller.
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Park, Seung Hwan, and Gon Woo Kim. "Implementation of Collision Avoidance Using Modification of the Expanded Guide Circle for Tele-Operated Robots." Applied Mechanics and Materials 736 (March 2015): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.736.218.
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Even for a tele-operated robot system, collision avoidance should be performed with some level of autonomy because of the mistake of tele-operators. In this paper, we suggest a simple but efficient method of collision avoidance. This suggestion complements the Expanded Guide Circle algorithm and can be used to give correct moving commands to a robot. Also we implement this method in a complex environment and show the usefulness of our algorithm.
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Haddi, Yassine, and Amina Kharchaf. "Obstacle avoidance behavior of an autonomous mobile robot in a radioactive environment based on fuzzy logic." E3S Web of Conferences 234 (2021): 00044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123400044.
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Five years after the Fukushima nuclear disaster, many robots have been developed to enter areas that are too radioactive for humans, in the event of a nuclear accident, measuring the level of radioactivity can be difficult and risky. A new detection system has been developed to come to the aid of plant operators and managers in certain emergency situations. While navigating in a radioactive environment and looking for sources.to facilitate this operation and make it safer, we have to assess the autonomy of this system, which is a robot operating in a radioactive environment based and to guarantee autonomy and intelligence for obstacle avoidance behavior, we will use a tool such as Fuzzy Logic (LF). In this article, we present an obstacle avoidance approach using this tool. The approach is validated by a virtual simulation on Matlab Simulink.
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Li, Yun, and Jian Zheng. "Research on Real-Time Obstacle Avoidance Planning for an Unmanned Surface Vessel based on the Grid Cell Mechanism." Journal of Navigation 73, no. 6 (July 3, 2020): 1358–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463320000338.
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Obstacle avoidance navigation for an unmanned surface vessel is a research focus for ship autonomy in which the real-time requirement in practical application is very serious, and always necessitates a complicated structure model to guarantee real-time performance. This paper proposes the grid cell activation model to reduce the complexity of modelling and to simplify an obstacle avoidance algorithm. Combined with the goal-oriented probability model to design a dynamic positive-loss-rate expectation evaluation function, it produces the proper strategy for obstacle avoidance. Case studies on multi-obstacle layouts and special circumstances are conducted and presented. The results indicate that the grid cell obstacle avoidance algorithm can effectively implement obstacle avoidance planning and ensure real-time requirements. A comparison with the potential field algorithm is performed, which shows good results and verifies the feasibility of the algorithm.
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Mishra, Amardeep. "Autonomous obstacle avoidance maneuvering of thrust-vectored airship with neural network control." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 234, no. 3 (October 9, 2019): 689–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410019879821.
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There has been a renewed interest in recent times in airship technology owing to its potential usage for applications ranging from defense, scientific exploration, advertising to even remote monitoring. For airships to expand operational profile, further enhancement of configurational features and control development for full autonomy are key technologies gaining attention. In this paper, beginning with the mathematical modeling of a thrust-vectored airship, the integrated motion planning and controller development for vehicle autonomy, taking into account various uncertainties, are dealt with. A rapidly exploring random tree-based obstacle avoidance path planning exercise is carried out to chart out a trajectory in the presence of obstacles. Then, a neural network-based sliding mode controller is subsequently designed that learns the unknown equivalent control in sliding mode control framework to track the reference trajectory. Simulation results presented at the end demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
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Pavey, Louisa, and Sue Churchill. "Promoting the Avoidance of High-Calorie Snacks: Priming Autonomy Moderates Message Framing Effects." PLoS ONE 9, no. 7 (July 31, 2014): e103892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103892.
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Guo, Wenxia, and Kelley Main. "The effectiveness of matching sales influence tactics to consumers’ avoidance versus approach shopping motivations." European Journal of Marketing 51, no. 9/10 (September 12, 2017): 1577–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-05-2016-0278.
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Purpose Adaptive selling can help build positive relationships between salespeople and consumers. The literature shows that consumers respond positively to salespeople under approach but not avoidance motivations. This paper aims to demonstrate a circumstance under which consumers with avoidance motivations can also respond positively, something not previously shown in the literature. Design/methodology/approach This research paper uses three experimental between-subject designs to test hypotheses. Findings The current research identifies appropriate sales influence tactics (e.g. a customer-autonomy-oriented or a loss-avoidance-oriented influence tactic) where consumers with avoidance motivations can also respond to sales agents positively by the evidence of higher purchase intentions. In addition, this research shows that consumers with approach motivations may not always respond positively to salespeople. Further, goal facilitation appraisals of the salespeople serve as a mechanism between consumers’ shopping motivations and their behavioral responses (e.g. purchase intentions). Originality/value First, while the previous literature demonstrates that approach motivations generally lead to more positive effects (Elliot and Trash, 2002), this research indicates that avoidance motivations can also have positive effects, which is a finding that has not been demonstrated in the literature thus far. Second, this research identifies goal facilitation appraisals as one underlying process that explains the interactive effect between matching influence tactics and consumers’ approach/avoidance motivations when shopping. Third, the authors integrate regulatory focus theory by using gain- or loss-avoidance-oriented sales influence tactics to match approach and avoidance motivations.
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FULLER, CHRIS. "Reflexivity, relative autonomy and the embedded individual in economics." Journal of Institutional Economics 9, no. 1 (January 23, 2013): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137412000239.
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Abstract:This paper is about the mind of the embedded individual in heterodox economics. Beginning from Margaret Archer's analysis of modes of reflexivity and following the respective contributions of Geoff Hodgson and John Davis, the paper seeks to integrate into Archer's approach a place for habitual beliefs and an analysis of the ‘relative autonomy’ of the embedded individual. Archer's identification of modes of reflexivity is endorsed but her avoidance of any dispositional place for habit in the mind is questioned. It is argued that by excluding habits in this way, Archer, unlike Davis, implausibly assumes most individuals have achieved relative autonomy in their group associations. The essay develops an approach to the mind that articulates underlying relationships between habits and internal conversation, potentially enriching Archer's explanation of modes of reflexivity while locating Davis's notion of relative autonomy within that framework. Specific economic implications are then briefly considered.
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Beverley, Eric Lewis. "Old Borderlands." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 40, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 454–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-8747412.
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Abstract Large zones of de facto political autonomy persist even as various state systems have endeavored to fix, rationalize, and secure external and internal borders. These spaces are products of long histories of uneven extension and exercise of state sovereignty in the subcontinent and much of Asia and Africa. Histories and legacies of borderland autonomy have important implications for contemporary sovereign practice in much of the world. This article examines the making, unmaking, and endurance of borderlands around Hyderabad in the eastern Deccan. It describes the region as an “old borderland,” from premodern frontier zone, to sovereign and autonomous state during the era of British imperial dominance, through its mid-twentieth-century reemergence as a site of state avoidance or resistance. Identifying the productive relationship among frictional environments, political sovereignty, and social and cultural dynamics, this article develops frameworks for historicizing borderland autonomy in South Asia and beyond.
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Mirchandani, Dinesh A., and Albert L. Lederer. "The Impact of National Culture on Information Systems Planning Autonomy." Journal of Global Information Management 18, no. 3 (July 2010): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.2010070101.
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Hofstede’s national culture model has been applied in prior research to better understand the management of multinational firms. That research suggests that national culture may influence the information systems planning autonomy of the subsidiaries of multinational firms, but such an impact has not yet been tested empirically. A postal survey of 131 chief information officers and 103 senior non-IS managers of U.S. subsidiaries of such firms collected data to test hypotheses based on the model. Structural equation modeling using PLS-Graph 3.0 revealed that Individualism-Collectivism, Masculinity-Femininity, and Uncertainty Avoidance predicted autonomy for particular IS planning phases (as rated by the CIOs). On the basis of the supported hypotheses, the study provides evidence of the relevance of the national culture model to IS planning effectiveness and IS contribution. The study also suggests to subsidiary managers that an understanding of the national culture of their parent firm can help them gain an insight into the parent’s management perspective.
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Itoh, Makoto. "3112 Towards Socially Acceptable Forward Vehicle Collision Avoidance : Adaptive Autonomy via Non-intrusive Driver-monitoring." Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2007.16 (2007): 291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2007.16.291.
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Campbell, S., W. Naeem, and G. W. Irwin. "A review on improving the autonomy of unmanned surface vehicles through intelligent collision avoidance manoeuvres." Annual Reviews in Control 36, no. 2 (December 2012): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arcontrol.2012.09.008.
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Brcko, Tanja, and Jelenko švetak. "Fuzzy Reasoning as a Base for Collision Avoidance Decision Support System." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 25, no. 6 (December 16, 2013): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v25i6.1183.
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Despite the generally high qualifications of seafarers, many maritime accidents are caused by human error; such accidents include capsizing, collision, and fire, and often result in pollution. Enough concern has been generated that researchers around the world have developed the study of the human factor into an independent scientific discipline. A great deal of progress has been made, particularly in the area of artificial intelligence. But since total autonomy is not yet expedient, the decision support systems based on soft computing are proposed to support human navigators and VTS operators in times of crisis as well as during the execution of everyday tasks as a means of reducing risk levels.This paper considers a decision support system based on fuzzy logic integrated into an existing bridge collision avoidance system. The main goal is to determine the appropriate course of avoidance, using fuzzy reasoning.
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Babenko, Oksana, Amber Mosewich, Joseph Abraham, and Hollis Lai. "Contributions of psychological needs, self-compassion, leisure-time exercise, and achievement goals to academic engagement and exhaustion in Canadian medical students." Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 15 (January 8, 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2018.15.2.
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Purpose: To investigate the contributions of psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) and coping strategies (selfcompassion, leisure-time exercise, and achievement goals) to engagement and exhaustion in Canadian medical students. Methods: This was an observational study. Two hundred undergraduate medical students participated in the study: 60.4% were female, 95.4% were 20–29 years old, and 23.0% were in year 1, 30.0% in year 2, 21.0% in year 3, and 26.0% in year 4. Students completed an online survey with measures of engagement and exhaustion from the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory–student version; autonomy, competence, and relatedness from the Basic Psychological Needs Scale; self-compassion from the Self-Compassion Scale–short form; leisure-time exercise from the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire; and mastery approach, mastery avoidance, performance approach, and performance avoidance goals from the Achievement Goals Instrument. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed.Results: The need for competence was the strongest predictor of student engagement (β= 0.35, P= 0.000) and exhaustion (β= −0.33, P= 0.000). Students who endorsed mastery approach goals (β= 0.21, P= 0.005) and who were more self-compassionate (β= 0.13, P= 0.050) reported greater engagement with their medical studies. Students who were less self-compassionate (β= −0.32, P= 0.000), who exercised less (β= −0.12, P= 0.044), and who endorsed mastery avoidance goals (β= 0.22, P= 0.003) reported greater exhaustion from their studies. Students’ gender (β= 0.18, P= 0.005) and year in medical school (β= −0.18, P= 0.004) were related to engagement, but not to exhaustion. Conclusion: Supporting students’ need for competence and raising students’ awareness of selfcompassion, leisure-time exercise, and mastery approach goals may help protect students from burnout-related exhaustion and enhance their engagement with their medical school studies.
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Moses, Allistair, Matthew J. Rutherford, Michail Kontitsis, and Kimon P. Valavanis. "UAV-borne X-band radar for collision avoidance." Robotica 32, no. 1 (July 19, 2013): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574713000659.
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SUMMARYThe increased use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is coincidentally accompanied by a notable lack of sensors suitable for enabling further improvement in levels of autonomy and, consequently, integration into the National Airspace System (NAS). The majority of available sensors suitable for UAV integration into the NAS are based on infrared detectors, focal plane arrays, optical and ultrasonic rangefinders, etc. These sensors are generally not able to detect or identify other UAV-sized targets and, when detection is possible, considerable computational power is typically required for successful identification. Furthermore, the performance of visual-range optical sensor systems may suffer when operating under conditions that are typically encountered during search and rescue, surveillance, combat, and most other common UAV applications. However, the addition of a miniature RADAR sensor can, in consort with other sensors, provide comprehensive target detection and identification capabilities for UAVs. This trend is observed in manned aviation where RADAR sensors are the primary on-board detection and identification sensors. In this paper, a miniature, lightweight X-band RADAR sensor for use on a miniature (710-mm rotor diameter) rotorcraft is described. We present an analysis of the performance of the RADAR sensor in a realistic scenario with two UAVs. Additionally, an analysis of UAV navigation and collision avoidance behaviors is performed to determine the effect of integrating RADAR sensors into UAVs. Further study is also performed to demonstrate the scalability of the RADAR for use with larger UAV classes.
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Azevedo, Fábio, Jaime S. Cardoso, André Ferreira, Tiago Fernandes, Miguel Moreira, and Luís Campos. "Efficient Reactive Obstacle Avoidance Using Spirals for Escape." Drones 5, no. 2 (June 7, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones5020051.
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The usage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has increased in recent years and new application scenarios have emerged. Some of them involve tasks that require a high degree of autonomy, leading to increasingly complex systems. In order for a robot to be autonomous, it requires appropriate perception sensors that interpret the environment and enable the correct execution of the main task of mobile robotics: navigation. In the case of UAVs, flying at low altitude greatly increases the probability of encountering obstacles, so they need a fast, simple, and robust method of collision avoidance. This work covers the problem of navigation in unknown scenarios by implementing a simple, yet robust, environment-reactive approach. The implementation is done with both CPU and GPU map representations to allow wider coverage of possible applications. This method searches for obstacles that cross a cylindrical safety volume, and selects an escape point from a spiral for avoiding the obstacle. The algorithm is able to successfully navigate in complex scenarios, using both a high and low-power computer, typically found aboard UAVs, relying only on a depth camera with a limited FOV and range. Depending on the configuration, the algorithm can process point clouds at nearly 40 Hz in Jetson Nano, while checking for threats at 10 kHz. Some preliminary tests were conducted with real-world scenarios, showing both the advantages and limitations of CPU and GPU-based methodologies.
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Arokiasami, Willson Amalraj, Prahlad Vadakkepat, Kay Chen Tan, and Dipti Srinivasan. "Real-Time Path-Generation and Path-Following Using an Interoperable Multi-Agent Framework." Unmanned Systems 06, no. 04 (October 2018): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2301385018500061.
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Autonomous unmanned vehicles are preferable in patrolling, surveillance and, search and rescue missions. Multi-agent architectures are commonly used for autonomous control of unmanned vehicles. Existing multi-robot architectures for unmanned aerial and ground robots are generally mission and platform oriented. Collision avoidance, path-planning and tracking are some of the fundamental requirements for autonomous operation of unmanned robots. Though aerial and ground vehicles operate differently, the algorithms for obstacle avoidance, path-planning and path-tracking can be generalized. Service Oriented Interoperable Framework for Robot Autonomy (SOIFRA) proposed in this work is an interoperable multi-agent framework focused on generalizing platform independent algorithms for unmanned aerial and ground vehicles. SOIFRA is behavior-based, modular and interoperable across unmanned aerial and ground vehicles. SOIFRA provides collision avoidance, and, path-planning and tracking behaviors for unmanned aerial and ground vehicles. Vector Directed Path-Generation and Tracking (VDPGT), a vector-based algorithm for real-time path-generation and tracking, is proposed in this work. VDPGT dynamically adopts the shortest path to the destination while minimizing the tracking error. Collision avoidance is performed utilizing Hough transform, Canny contour, Lucas–Kanade sparse optical flow algorithm and expansion of object-based time-to-contact estimation. Simulation and experimental results from Turtlebot and AR Drone show that VDPGT can dynamically generate and track paths, and SOIFRA is interoperable across multiple robotic platforms.
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Guardeño, Rafael, Manuel J. López, Jesús Sánchez, and Agustín Consegliere. "AutoTuning Environment for Static Obstacle Avoidance Methods Applied to USVs." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 5 (April 25, 2020): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8050300.
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This work is focused on reactive Static Obstacle Avoidance (SOA) methods used to increase the autonomy of Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs). Currently, there are multiple approaches to avoid obstacles, which can be applied to different types of USV. In order to assist in the choice of the SOA method for a particular vessel and to accelerate the pretuning process necessary for its implementation, this paper proposes a new AutoTuning Environment for Static Obstacle Avoidance (ATESOA) methods applied to USVs. In this environment, a new simplified modelling of a LIDAR (Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging) sensor is proposed based on numerical simulations. This sensor model provides a realistic environment for the tuning of SOA methods that, due to its low load computation, is used by evolutionary algorithms for the autotuning. In order to analyze the proposed ATESOA, three SOA methods were adapted and implemented to consider the measurements given by the LIDAR model. Furthermore, a mathematical model is proposed and evaluated for using as USV in the simulation enviroment. The results obtained in numerical simulations show how the new ATESOA is able to adjust the SOA methods in scenarios with different obstacle distributions.
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Muise, Amy, James J. Kim, Anik Debrot, Emily A. Impett, and Geoff MacDonald. "Sexual Nostalgia as a Response to Unmet Sexual and Relational Needs: The Role of Attachment Avoidance." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 11 (March 14, 2020): 1538–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167220907468.
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Romantic relationships help people meet needs for connection and emotional and sexual fulfillment. In the current research, we investigate an unexplored response to feeling sexually and relationally unfulfilled: reflecting on positive sexual experiences with past partners (or sexual nostalgia). Across three studies, people low in attachment avoidance (i.e., comfortable with closeness) who were (a) single or (b) sexually or relationally dissatisfied reported greater sexual nostalgia, whereas people high in attachment avoidance (i.e., value autonomy) did not calibrate their feelings of sexual nostalgia based on their current relationship status or satisfaction. Sexual fantasies about past partners (i.e., sexual nostalgia) were distinct from other types of sexual fantasies (Study 1) and the effects could not be attributed to general nostalgia (Study 2) or sexual desire (Study 3). Chronic sexual nostalgia detracted from satisfaction over time. The findings have implications for theories of nostalgia and attachment and for managing unfulfilled needs in relationships.
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Duchesne, Stéphane, Catherine F. Ratelle, and Bei Feng. "Psychological Need Satisfaction and Achievement Goals: Exploring Indirect Effects of Academic and Social Adaptation Following the Transition to Secondary School." Journal of Early Adolescence 37, no. 9 (July 13, 2016): 1280–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431616659561.
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There is abundant evidence to suggest that students’ achievement goals (AGs) predict their motivation and performance. While it has been proposed that psychological need satisfaction (PNS) may affect AG, empirical support remains limited during the transition to secondary school. This prospective study addresses this gap by examining the link between students’ PNS and AGs through their academic and social adaptation during this transition. A large stratified sample of 626 students completed a series of measures before and after the transition to secondary school. The results revealed that satisfaction of students’ needs for autonomy and competence predicted the adoption of mastery goals through their academic adaptation. The satisfaction of needs for autonomy and relatedness also predicted lower adoption of performance-avoidance goals via their social adaptation. These findings highlight the importance of PNS in shaping adaptation and AG during the transition to secondary school. Practical implications for parents and teachers are discussed.
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Abdullatif, Hassan I., and Lulwah N. Hamadah. "THE FACTORIAL STRUCTURE OF THE DESIRABILITY OF CONTROL SCALE AMONG KUWAITI SUBJECTS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 33, no. 3 (January 1, 2005): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2005.33.3.307.
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The study was undertaken to investigate the factor structure of the Kuwaiti version of the Desirability of Control Scale (DC; Burger & Cooper, 1979; Hamadah & Abdullatif, 2000) on a sample of 387 Kuwait undergraduate students (males = 152 and females = 235). Six orthogonal (Varimax) factors were extracted. They were labeled General Desire for Control, Leadership, Regard for Autonomy, Avoidance of Dependence, Decisiveness, and Attentiveness. It was concluded that these factors were interpretable and thus the Kuwaiti version of the DC Scale can be recommended for use with Kuwaiti college students and similar groups.
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Intrieri, Robert C., and Rebecca A. Dunterman. "GENDER DIFFERENCES ACROSS THE AGING SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL AND THE FRABONI SCALE OF AGEISM." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S81—S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.316.
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare attitudes about aging between groups of raters categorized by gender, using the Aging Semantic Differential (ASD; Rosencrantz & McNevin, 1969) and the Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA, Fraboni, Saltstone, & Hughes, 1990). The current study assesses the relationships between the four factors of Aging Semantic Differential (ASD; Instrumentality, Autonomy, Acceptability, and Integrity) as well as the three factors of the Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA; Antilocution, Discrimination, and Avoidance) across gender groups. The convenience sample consisted of 471 undergraduate students, with a mean age of 19.68 (SD = 2.28). The mean age for men was 19.88 (SD = 3.31) and for women was 19.56 (SD = 1.37). A series of four ANOVAs were conducted using the ASD factors. Results showed significance for the ASD-Instrumental (F(1, 470) = 4.922, p = .027); ASD-Acceptability F(1, 470) = 8.616, p = .003), and the ASD-Integrity factors F(1, 470) = 4.475, p = .035). Men endorsed more positive attitudes than women on both the Acceptability and Integrity factors. Women endorsed more positive attitudes on the Instrumental factor. Similar ANOVAs were conducted across the three Fraboni Scale of Ageism factors. Significant differences between men and women were only obtained across the Avoidance factor (F(1, 470) = 12.187, p = .001) with endorsing higher avoidance scores than women. Taken together these results show differential effects across three ASD factors between men and women while men demonstrated higher scores on the FSA Avoidance scale.
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Farah, Ahcene, and Amine Chohra. "Neural-Network-Based Fuzzy Logic Navigation Control for Intelligent Vehicles." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2002): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol7iss1pp211-219.
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This paper proposes a Neural-Network-Based Fuzzy logic system for navigation control of intelligent vehicles. First, the use of Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic to provide intelligent vehicles with more autonomy and intelligence is discussed. Second, the system for the obstacle avoidance behavior is developed. Fuzzy Logic improves Neural Networks (NN) obstacle avoidance approach by handling imprecision and rule-based approximate reasoning. This system must make the vehicle able, after supervised learning, to achieve two tasks: 1- to make one’s way towards its target by a NN, and 2- to avoid static or dynamic obstacles by a Fuzzy NN capturing the behavior of a human expert. Afterwards, two association phases between each task and the appropriate actions are carried out by Trial and Error learning and their coordination allows to decide the appropriate action. Finally, the simulation results display the generalization and adaptation abilities of the system by testing it in new unexplored environments.
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Fraga-Lamas, Paula, Lucía Ramos, Víctor Mondéjar-Guerra, and Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés. "A Review on IoT Deep Learning UAV Systems for Autonomous Obstacle Detection and Collision Avoidance." Remote Sensing 11, no. 18 (September 14, 2019): 2144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11182144.
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Advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, offer unprecedented opportunities to boost a wide array of large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Nevertheless, UAV platforms still face important limitations mainly related to autonomy and weight that impact their remote sensing capabilities when capturing and processing the data required for developing autonomous and robust real-time obstacle detection and avoidance systems. In this regard, Deep Learning (DL) techniques have arisen as a promising alternative for improving real-time obstacle detection and collision avoidance for highly autonomous UAVs. This article reviews the most recent developments on DL Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) and provides a detailed explanation on the main DL techniques. Moreover, the latest DL-UAV communication architectures are studied and their most common hardware is analyzed. Furthermore, this article enumerates the most relevant open challenges for current DL-UAV solutions, thus allowing future researchers to define a roadmap for devising the new generation affordable autonomous DL-UAV IoT solutions.
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Goudas, Marios, Stuart Biddle, Kenneth Fox, and Martin Underwood. "It Ain’t What You Do, It’s the Way that You Do It! Teaching Style Affects Children’s Motivation in Track and Field Lessons." Sport Psychologist 9, no. 3 (September 1995): 254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.9.3.254.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the motivational effects of two different teaching styles in one sport activity. One class of 24 girls was taught track and field for 10 weeks, each lesson being taught with either a direct (practice) or a differentiated (inclusion) teaching style. After each lesson the girls completed self-report measures of intrinsic motivation and goal involvement. On course completion, 8 girls were interviewed to assess their reactions to the course. ANOVA showed that students reporting higher levels of competence, autonomy, and task orientation had higher intrinsic motivation scores throughout the course. However, teaching style was also found to have an independent effect; the differentiated style was associated with higher levels of intrinsic motivation and task goal involvement and lower levels of work avoidance involvement. A differentiated teaching style can positively influence young girls’ reactions to a sports activity independently of perceptions of goal orientations, autonomy, and competence.
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Radu-Lefebvre, Miruna, and Kathleen Randerson. "Successfully navigating the paradox of control and autonomy in succession: The role of managing ambivalent emotions." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 38, no. 3 (May 2020): 184–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242619879078.
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This article theorises how, why and with what outcomes successors manage the paradox of control and autonomy emerging as role conflict through emotion management strategies; thus, it contributes to theory building on paradox and emotion management in family business. Drawing on 20 interpretive case studies of French family businesses operating in wide-ranging industries, we highlight emotional ambivalence towards the father/incumbent, the mother, siblings and cousins, and leadership and document their prevalence in enmeshed family businesses. We show that when motivated by self-conformity and self-protection motives, successors accept the incumbent’s control and manage ambivalent emotions through defensive strategies, such as avoidance or compromise, which contributes to the pursuit of successor legitimacy. We reveal that during successor installation, successors might reject the incumbent’s control and instead promote personal autonomy by managing ambivalent emotions through confrontational strategies, such as hyperbolised emotional reactions, emotional display of negative emotions or holism, which contributes to successor emancipation.
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Ahmed, Shibbir, Baijing Qiu, Fiaz Ahmad, Chun-Wei Kong, and Huang Xin. "A State-of-the-Art Analysis of Obstacle Avoidance Methods from the Perspective of an Agricultural Sprayer UAV’s Operation Scenario." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061069.
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Over the last decade, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, have been broadly utilized in various agricultural fields, such as crop management, crop monitoring, seed sowing, and pesticide spraying. Nonetheless, autonomy is still a crucial limitation faced by the Internet of Things (IoT) UAV systems, especially when used as sprayer UAVs, where data needs to be captured and preprocessed for robust real-time obstacle detection and collision avoidance. Moreover, because of the objective and operational difference between general UAVs and sprayer UAVs, not every obstacle detection and collision avoidance method will be sufficient for sprayer UAVs. In this regard, this article seeks to review the most relevant developments on all correlated branches of the obstacle avoidance scenarios for agricultural sprayer UAVs, including a UAV sprayer’s structural details. Furthermore, the most relevant open challenges for current UAV sprayer solutions are enumerated, thus paving the way for future researchers to define a roadmap for devising new-generation, affordable autonomous sprayer UAV solutions. Agricultural UAV sprayers require data-intensive algorithms for the processing of the images acquired, and expertise in the field of autonomous flight is usually needed. The present study concludes that UAV sprayers are still facing obstacle detection challenges due to their dynamic operating and loading conditions.
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Van der Berg, Peter. "Comparing the Cultures of Romania and The Netherlands: When East Meets West." Psihologia Resurselor Umane 8, no. 2 (January 26, 2020): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24837/pru.v8i2.416.
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Romania, a former communist country and a recent member to the European Union, and TheNetherlands, one of the oldest EU members with a long history of democracy, were compared onnational and organizational culture variables. A total of 1,182 Dutch and Romanian participantscompleted questionnaires that measured (a) Hofstede’s four national culture dimensions ofpower distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and masculinity, (b) what they perceivedcurrently in their jobs (actual practices) and what they wished for in an ideal job (values) on fivedimensions of organizational culture: autonomy, interdepartmental coordination, externalorientation, human resource orientation, and improvement orientation, and (c) practices andvalues for transformational leadership. The results showed that the Netherlands scored higher onindividualism, and lower on power distance and masculinity, than did Romania. The Dutchperceived higher levels of how autonomy, interdepartmental coordination, human resourceorientation, and improvement orientation is actually practiced in organizations, and lowerpractices levels for external orientation and transformational leadership than did the Romaniansample. With respect to values, the Dutch scored higher on autonomy and lower oninterdepartmental coordination, external orientation, human resource orientation, improvementorientation, and transformational leadership than did the Romanians. The finding that Romaniansare lower on most practices and higher on most values suggests that Romanians desire changeand that East and West European countries within the EU will grow closer to one another otherover time.
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Guardeño, Rafael, Manuel J. López, Jesús Sánchez, Alberto González, and Agustín Consegliere. "A Robust Reactive Static Obstacle Avoidance System for Surface Marine Vehicles." Sensors 20, no. 21 (November 3, 2020): 6262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216262.
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This paper is centered on the guidance systems used to increase the autonomy of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). The new Robust Reactive Static Obstacle Avoidance System (RRSOAS) has been specifically designed for USVs. This algorithm is easily applicable, since previous knowledge of the USV mathematical model and its controllers is not needed. Instead, a new estimated closed-loop model (ECLM) is proposed and used to estimate possible future trajectories. Furthermore, the prediction errors (due to the uncertainty present in the ECLM) are taken into account by modeling the USV’s shape as a time-varying ellipse. Additionally, in order to decrease the computation time, we propose to use a variable prediction horizon and an exponential resolution to discretize the decision space. As environmental model an occupancy probability grid is used, which is updated with the measurements generated by a LIDAR sensor model. Finally, the new RRSOAS is compared with other SOA (static obstacle avoidance) methods. In addition, a robustness study was carried out over a set of random scenarios. The results obtained through numerical simulations indicate that RRSOAS is robust to unknown and congested scenarios in the presence of disturbances, while offering competitive performance with respect to other SOA methods.
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Yan, Peng, Zhuo Yan, Hongxing Zheng, and Jifeng Guo. "A Fixed Wing UAV Path Planning Algorithm Based On Genetic Algorithm and Dubins Curve Theory." MATEC Web of Conferences 179 (2018): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817903003.
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Path planning is an essential problem in the autonomy research of UAVs. This paper proposes a new path planning algorithm for fixed wing UAVs based on genetic algorithm (GA) and Dubins curve theory. Path planning is treated as a global optimization problem under certain constraints, including the velocity vectors of initial and goal points and the minimum turning radius of UAVs. Dubins curve theory is utilized to satisfy the velocity vector constraints. GA is utilized to generate the shortest threats avoidance path in a 2D environment. A new encoding scheme is proposed, taking into account initial circles, goal circles, threats circles and the positional relationship between the path and these circles. The 2D Dubins path is converted to Dubins airplane path by adding a flight-path angle to it. The algorithm was tested in a complex flight environment and the planned path was tracked by a 6DOF Simulink model of a fixed wing UAV. Results show that the algorithm can generate shortest threats avoidance path in a complicated 3D environment and meanwhile satisfy constraints mentioned above.
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Roth, Guy, Maarten Vansteenkiste, and Richard M. Ryan. "Integrative emotion regulation: Process and development from a self-determination theory perspective." Development and Psychopathology 31, no. 3 (May 22, 2019): 945–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419000403.
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AbstractGrounded in self-determination theory's (SDT; Ryan & Deci, 2017) organismic perspective, we present a process view of integrative emotion regulation. SDT describes three general types of emotion regulation: integrative emotion regulation, which focuses on emotions as carrying information that is brought to awareness; controlled emotion regulation, which is focused on diminishing emotions through avoidance, suppression, or enforced expression or reappraisal; and amotivated emotion regulation, in which emotions are uncontrolled or dysregulated. We review survey and experimental research contrasting these emotion regulation styles, providing evidence for the benefits of integrative emotion regulation for volitional functioning, personal well-being, and high-quality relationships, and for the costs of controlled emotion regulation and dysregulation. The development of emotion regulation styles is discussed, especially the role of autonomy-supportive parenting in fostering more integrative emotion regulation, and the role of controlling parenting in contributing to controlled or dysregulated emotion processing. Overall, integrative emotion regulation represents a beneficial style of processing emotions, which develops most effectively in a nonjudgmental and autonomy-supportive environment, an issue relevant to both development and psychotherapy.
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Khekare, Ganesh, and Shahrukh Sheikh. "Autonomous Navigation Using Deep Reinforcement Learning in ROS." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning 11, no. 2 (July 2021): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaiml.20210701.oa4.
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For an autonomous robot to move safely in an environment where people are around and moving dynamically without knowing their goal position, it is required to set navigation rules and human behaviors. This problem is challenging with the highly stochastic behavior of people. Previous methods believe to provide features of human behavior, but these features vary from person to person. The method focuses on setting social norms that are telling the robot what not to do. With deep reinforcement learning, it has become possible to set a time-efficient navigation scheme that regulates social norms. The solution enables mobile robot full autonomy along with collision avoidance in people rich environment.
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ITOH, Makoto. "5201 Socially Acceptable Forward Vehicle Collision Avoidance with Adaptive Autonomy via Non-intrusive Driver-monitoring : Overview and Findings." Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2008.17 (2008): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2008.17.423.
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Lazarowska, Agnieszka. "Swarm Intelligence Approach to Safe Ship Control." Polish Maritime Research 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2015-0068.
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AbstractThis paper presents an application of the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique in a safe ship control system. The method developed solves the problem of path planning and collision avoidance of a ship in the open sea as well as in restricted waters. The structure of the developed safe ship control system is introduced, followed by a presentation of the applied algorithm. Results showing the problem-solving capability of the system are also included. The aim of the system developed is to increase automation of a safe ship control process. It is possible to apply the proposed method in Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) control system, what will contribute to the enhancement of their autonomy.
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Masood, Khayyam, Rezia Molfino, and Matteo Zoppi. "Simulated Sensor Based Strategies for Obstacle Avoidance Using Velocity Profiling for Autonomous Vehicle FURBOT." Electronics 9, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060883.
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Freight Urban Robotic Vehicle (FURBOT) is an autonomous vehicle designed to transport last mile freight to designated urban stations. It is a slow vehicle designed to tackle urban environment with complete autonomy. A slow vehicle may have slightly different strategies for avoiding obstacles. Unlike on a highway, it has to deal with pedestrians, traffic lights and slower vehicles while maintaining smoothness in its drive. To tackle obstacle avoidance for this vehicle, sensor feedback based strategies have been formulated for smooth drive and obstacle avoidance. A full mathematical model for the vehicle is formulated and simulated in MATLAB environment. The mathematical model uses velocity control for obstacle avoidance without steering control. The obstacle avoidance is attained through velocity control and strategies are formulated with velocity profiling. Innovative techniques are formulated in creating the simulated sensory feed-backs of the environment. Using these feed-backs, correct velocity profiling is autonomously created for giving velocity profile input to the velocity controller. Proximity measurements are assumed to be available for the vehicle in its given range of drive. Novelty is attained by manipulating velocity profile without prior knowledge of the environment. Four different type of obstacles are modeled for simulated environment of the vehicle. These obstacles are randomly placed in the path of the vehicle and autonomous velocity profiling is verified in simulated environment. The simulated results obtained show satisfactory velocity profiling for controller input. The current technique helps to tune the existing controller and in designing of a better velocity controller for the autonomous vehicle and bridges the gap between sensor feed-back and controller input. Moreover, accurate input profiling creates less strain on the system and brings smoothness in drive for an overall safer environment.
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Zhang, Yang, and Xi Wang. "Provincial deficits and political centralization: evidence from the personnel management of the Chinese Communist Party." Japanese Journal of Political Science 22, no. 3 (June 17, 2021): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109921000098.
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AbstractThe political autonomy of Chinese provinces derives from their economic independence. After the 2008 economic crisis, budget deficits increased significantly in most Chinese provinces, making them more reliant on financial support from Beijing. Provinces suffering high deficits will lose their political clout in both local and national politics. Therefore, provinces with large deficits tend to be less resistant to the enforcement of the law of avoidance and underrepresented in the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. We find that in provincial standing committees, the members who are native or have more birthplace ties are more likely to be ranked behind the outsiders, especially so in provinces with a high level of deficits. We also find that provincial-standing-committee members from high-deficit provinces have a low possibility to obtain seats in the party's Central Committee. These findings confirm the close relationship between economic independence and political autonomy of Chinese provinces. In addition, we find that the logic of economic independence cannot depict the whole picture and that regional pluralism is also an important concern when the party manages its provincial leadership teams.
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Edwards, Judith, Melaine Coward, and Nicola Carey. "Paramedic independent prescribing in primary care: seven steps to success." Journal of Prescribing Practice 2, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jprp.2020.2.6.292.
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Paramedic practice is evolving and the number of advanced paramedics in primary care roles in the UK has risen dramatically. Recent legislation granting paramedics independent prescribing rights means UK paramedics are the first worldwide to receive this extension in scope of practice – a significant milestone for the paramedic profession. Paramedic prescribing capability is expected to increase autonomy for independent case management and enhance capacity for service development. However, local and national success is likely to depend on skilful implementation and avoidance of historical barriers. This article aims to raise awareness of potential barriers to early adoption of paramedic independent prescribing in primary care. It identifies common pitfalls prior to training and provides seven practical steps for paramedics considering pursuing non-medical prescribing training.
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Tanveer, M. Hassan, Carmine T. Recchiuto, and Antonio Sgorbissa. "Analysis of path following and obstacle avoidance for multiple wheeled robots in a shared workspace." Robotica 37, no. 1 (August 31, 2018): 80–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574718000875.
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SUMMARYThe article presents the experimental evaluation of an integrated approach for path following and obstacle avoidance, implemented on wheeled robots. Wheeled robots are widely used in many different contexts, and they are usually required to operate in partial or total autonomy: in a wide range of situations, having the capability to follow a predetermined path and avoiding unexpected obstacles is extremely relevant. The basic requirement for an appropriate collision avoidance strategy is to sense or detect obstacles and make proper decisions when the obstacles are nearby. According to this rationale, the approach is based on the definition of the path to be followed as a curve on the plane expressed in its implicit formf(x, y) = 0, which is fed to a feedback controller for path following. Obstacles are modeled through Gaussian functions that modify the original function, generating a resulting safe path which – once again – is a curve on the plane expressed asf′(x, y) = 0: the deformed path can be fed to the same feedback controller, thus guaranteeing convergence to the path while avoiding all obstacles. The features and performance of the proposed algorithm are confirmed by experiments in a crowded area with multiple unicycle-like robots and moving persons.
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Tomkiewicz, Jacek, and Postuła Marta. "State Autonomy in Shaping Tax Policies: Facts and Myths Based on the Situation in OECD Countries." Central European Management Journal 28, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7206/cemj.2658-0845.23.
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Purpose: Capital flows, tax competition, multinational companies and tax havens weakens governments’ ability to lead independent tax policy. This race to the bottom, especially in the case of CIT rate, seems to work. Aim of the text is to show that the governments are not as powerless as it is often claimed. Despite common opinion, nation-states retain a relatively significant autonomy in creating their own fiscal policies, including tax instruments. Size of funds kept in tax havens have not been growing for few years and international cooperation of tax authorities is more and more efficient in dealing with the tax fraud. Methodology: The study uses desk research method for theoretical reasoning to verify the research hypothesis. Moreover, the study seeks answering if the application of EU tax policies determines national tax policy. To that end, the authors utilize time series and cause-effect analysis, as well as quantitative research for the systematization of statistical information and regression analysis for the examination of statistical dependencies. Tax competition or the functioning of tax havens naturally limits the realization of the fundamental functions of fiscal policies, although the taxation remains one of the most crucial instruments of macroeconomic and income policy of national authorities. Findings: The most important data on public revenues structure in different OECD countries indicate that taxation remains one of the most crucial instruments of macroeconomic and income policy of national authorities. We also show that impact of FDI on hosting economy is not as positive as it is said to be. There is no relation between FDI and R&D spending and level of wages in hosting country is even affected in the negative way by the FDI inflow. Irrespective of the regulatory details introduced at the EU level – the basic factor affecting jets coordination in the field of cooperation between tax services brings effects both in terms of the current collection of tax liabilities and the creation of regulations that hinder tax avoidance and under statement assessment. Originality/value: The study focuses on an analysis of tax policy. The view that taxation of international corporations is fraught with difficulties finds support in the undeniable reality of tax competition.Moreover, a large and growing share of profits is transferred to low-tax places. The prospects for taxing international companies with positive rates seem unoptimistic. Therefore, it is essential to check how the national economy is affected by the FDI inflow in OECD countries.
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Riggenbach, Annina, Liesbet Goubert, Stijn Van Petegem, and Rémy Amouroux. "Topical Review: Basic Psychological Needs in Adolescents with Chronic Pain—A Self-Determination Perspective." Pain Research and Management 2019 (January 6, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8629581.
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This topical review outlines the resilience pathway to adaptive functioning in pediatric pain within a developmental perspective. Self-Determination Theory proposes that the satisfaction of one’s basic psychological needs (for autonomy, relatedness, and competence) is crucial for understanding human flourishing and healthy development. However, the role of the basic psychological needs received little attention in a pediatric-pain population. Yet, we propose that need satisfaction may be a resilience factor and need frustration a risk factor, for living with chronic pain. In this topical review, we first discuss two major models that have been developed to understand pain-related disability: the fear-avoidance model of pain and the ecological resilience-risk model in pediatric chronic pain. Both models have been used with children and adolescents but do not include a developmental perspective. Therefore, we introduce Self-Determination Theory and highlight the potentially moderating and mediating role of the basic needs on pain-related disability in children and adolescents. Taken together, we believe that Self-Determination Theory is compatible with the fear-avoidance model of pain and the ecological resilience-risk model in pediatric chronic pain and may deepen our understanding of why some adolescents are able to live adaptively in spite of chronic pain.
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Eldad, Rom, and Joy Benatov. "Adult attachment and perceived parental style may shape leadership behaviors." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 39, no. 2 (April 10, 2018): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-06-2016-0155.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of both attachment and parental styles in shaping leadership behavioral patterns. Research predictions were that childhood perceived parental experiences will be associated with attachment style, and that both perceived parental and attachment styles will fulfill a significant role in shaping the individual’s leadership orientation in adulthood. Design/methodology/approach The authors tested the research hypotheses with a field survey data from 90 supervisors belonging to diverse industrial and service organizations. During their attendance in a leadership seminar, the managers’ attachment style was assessed using the Experiences in Close Relationship Inventory. They were also asked to report on their childhood experiences using the Parenting Style Index, and to answer questions regarding their leadership behavior, using a short version of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Findings Results indicated associations between parental style, attachment style, and leadership. Specifically, parental autonomy granting was negatively associated with both attachment anxiety and avoidance. Both transformational and transactional leadership styles were positively associated with parental autonomy, but only transformational leadership was also positively associated with parental involvement. In addition, transactional leadership was positively associated with attachment avoidance in close relationships. Research limitations/implications Testing the contributions of perceived parental style in childhood and attachment style in adulthood to the manager’s manifested leadership style helps to advance our theoretical understanding of important leadership antecedents. The findings may also help practitioners in developing leadership skills and assisting managers in finding ways to moderate their natural tendencies and better depend on, delegate, and empower subordinates. Originality/value This empirical study provides evidence of the important role of perceived parental style in the development of adult attachment and leadership styles. The effects found in the study also extend the existing findings by showing that not only the attachment style but also parental style play a significant role in shaping the individual’s leadership behaviors.
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Hung Chen, Lung, and Chia-Huei Wu. "When Does Dispositional Gratitude Help Athletes Move Away From Experiential Avoidance? The Moderating Role of Perceived Autonomy Support From Coaches." Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 28, no. 3 (March 8, 2016): 338–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2016.1162221.
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Shih, Shu-Shen. "The effects of autonomy support versus psychological control and work engagement versus academic burnout on adolescents’ use of avoidance strategies." School Psychology International 34, no. 3 (November 22, 2012): 330–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034312466423.
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VAN DER VEEN, ROBERT, and LOEK GROOT. "Post-Productivism and Welfare States: A Comparative Analysis." British Journal of Political Science 36, no. 4 (August 25, 2006): 593–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123406000329.
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This article provides operational measures for comparing welfare states in terms of the concept of post-productivism, as pioneered by Goodin in this Journal, and discusses the normative relevance of such comparisons. Post-productivism holds that it is desirable to grant people a high level of personal autonomy, through the welfare state's labour-market institutions and transfer system, and maintains that on average, people would choose to make use of their autonomy by working less, hence earning less and having more free time. By contrast, existing welfare states, for example as classified in Esping-Andersen's three-way split of liberal, social-democratic and corporatist regimes, are largely ‘productivist’, as their policies try to design social rights so as ensure economic self-reliance through full-time work. The question is whether they actually succeed in doing so. With a limited dataset of thirteen OECD countries for 1993, three conditions of personal autonomy – income adequacy, temporal adequacy and absence of welfare-work conditionality – are discussed in terms of policy outputs, which can be read off from easily accessible OECD statistics. Two closely related concepts are explored: comprehensive post-productivism, measuring the extent to which welfare states approximate the ideal of personal autonomy, and restricted post-productivism, which follows from two common goals shared by all welfare states (avoidance of poverty and reduction of involuntary underemployment), and expressly focuses on the policy outputs on which the productivist and post-productivist perspectives specifically disagree: welfare-work unconditionality, voluntary underemployment and average annual hours of work per employee. After showing that ranking the thirteen cases puts the Netherlands at the top and the United States at the bottom, in conformity with Goodin's earlier work, it is shown that restricted post-productivism is not positively associated with the poverty rate, and negatively with the rate of involuntary underemployment. This finding sets the stage for our discussion of normative issues underlying a preference for either productivist or post-productivist arrangements of work and welfare. Suggestions for further research are given in the final section.
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Cofta, Piotr, Damian Ledziński, Sandra Śmigiel, and Marta Gackowska. "Cross-Entropy as a Metric for the Robustness of Drone Swarms." Entropy 22, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22060597.
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Due to their growing number and increasing autonomy, drones and drone swarms are equipped with sophisticated algorithms that help them achieve mission objectives. Such algorithms vary in their quality such that their comparison requires a metric that would allow for their correct assessment. The novelty of this paper lies in analysing, defining and applying the construct of cross-entropy, known from thermodynamics and information theory, to swarms. It can be used as a synthetic measure of the robustness of algorithms that can control swarms in the case of obstacles and unforeseen problems. Based on this, robustness may be an important aspect of the overall quality. This paper presents the necessary formalisation and applies it to a few examples, based on generalised unexpected behaviour and the results of collision avoidance algorithms used to react to obstacles.
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Senay, Ibrahim. "Reversal effects in charitable behaviors across cultures: The role of sentence voice." Psihologija 52, no. 2 (2019): 155–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi180418034s.
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Income per capita was previously found to be sometimes negatively, and sometimes positively, associated with helping across cultures. These opposite effects may result from a type of reversal of helping across the perceived contexts of cultures. The possibility in a language to highlight actors? responsibility in events through antipassive sentences (cf. ?I will help?) predicted higher, and the possibility to decrease the responsibility through passive sentences (?The needy will be helped?) predicted lower levels of charitable behaviors in countries with lower levels of power distance and uncertainty avoidance, and higher levels of income, a set of societal characteristics, which were previously found to positively impact helping. The results highlight the role of sentence voice presumably linked with perceived autonomy in contexts of helping across cultures, ultimately reversing the cultural effects on charitable behaviors.
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Arshad, Saba, Muhammad Sualeh, Dohyeong Kim, Dinh Van Nam, and Gon-Woo Kim. "Clothoid: An Integrated Hierarchical Framework for Autonomous Driving in a Dynamic Urban Environment." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 5, 2020): 5053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185053.
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In recent years, research and development of autonomous driving technology have gained much interest. Many autonomous driving frameworks have been developed in the past. However, building a safely operating fully functional autonomous driving framework is still a challenge. Several accidents have been occurred with autonomous vehicles, including Tesla and Volvo XC90, resulting in serious personal injuries and death. One of the major reasons is the increase in urbanization and mobility demands. The autonomous vehicle is expected to increase road safety while reducing road accidents that occur due to human errors. The accurate sensing of the environment and safe driving under various scenarios must be ensured to achieve the highest level of autonomy. This research presents Clothoid, a unified framework for fully autonomous vehicles, that integrates the modules of HD mapping, localization, environmental perception, path planning, and control while considering the safety, comfort, and scalability in the real traffic environment. The proposed framework enables obstacle avoidance, pedestrian safety, object detection, road blockage avoidance, path planning for single-lane and multi-lane routes, and safe driving of vehicles throughout the journey. The performance of each module has been validated in K-City under multiple scenarios where Clothoid has been driven safely from the starting point to the goal point. The vehicle was one of the top five to successfully finish the autonomous vehicle challenge (AVC) in the Hyundai AVC.
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Beregi, Richárd, Gianfranco Pedone, and Davy Preuveneers. "Towards trustworthy Cyber-physical Production Systems: A dynamic agent accountability approach." Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments 13, no. 2 (March 26, 2021): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ais-210593.
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Smart manufacturing is a challenging trend being fostered by the Industry 4.0 paradigm. In this scenario Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) are particularly elected for modeling such types of intelligent, decentralised processes, thanks to their autonomy in pursuing collective and cooperative goals. From a human perspective, however, increasing the confidence in trustworthiness of MAS based Cyber-physical Production Systems (CPPS) remains a significant challenge. Manufacturing services must comply with strong requirements in terms of reliability, robustness and latency, and solution providers are expected to ensure that agents will operate within certain boundaries of the production, and mitigate unattended behaviours during the execution of manufacturing activities. To address this concern, a Manufacturing Agent Accountability Framework is proposed, a dynamic authorization framework that defines and enforces boundaries in which agents are freely permitted to exploit their intelligence to reach individual and collective objectives. The expected behaviour of agents is to adhere to CPPS workflows which implicitly define acceptable regions of behaviours and production feasibility. Core contributions of the proposed framework are: a manufacturing accountability model, the representation of the Leaf Diagrams for the governance of agent behavioural autonomy, and an ontology of declarative policies for the identification and avoidance of ill-intentioned behaviours in the execution of CPPS services. We outline the application of this enhanced trustworthiness framework to an agent-based manufacturing use-case for the production of a variety of hand tools.
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Mostert, K., and B. Oosthuizen. "Job characteristics and coping strategies associated with negative and positive work-home interference in a nursing environment." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 9, no. 4 (May 22, 2014): 429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v9i4.1032.
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The aim of this study is to determine which job characteristics and coping strategies predict negative and positive work-home interference (WHI) in the nursing environment. Random samples (n=300) were taken of registered nurses in the Johannesburg, Klerksdorp, Krugersdorp, Potchefstroom and Pretoria regions. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to measure job characteristics. The Coping Strategy Indicator (CSI) was used to measure coping strategies, and the Survey Work-Home Interaction-Nijmegen (SWING) to measure WHI. The results show that time demands, pressure, role clarity and colleague support are the main job characteristics that predict negative WHI. Problem-solving coping predicts less negative WHI and avoidance coping predicts more negative WHI. Time demands, autonomy and role clarity are the main variables that predict positive WHI. Problem-solving coping is the only coping strategy that predicts positive WHI.