Journal articles: 'Auxiliary verb DO'

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Louw, J. A. "Auxiliary verb in Xhosa." South African Journal of African Languages 7, no. 1 (January 1987): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1987.10586678.

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Ayodimeji, Akintoye, Festu. "A Comparative Study of French and English Auxiliary Verbs." IJOHMN (International Journal online of Humanities) 4, no. 4 (August 4, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijohmn.v4i4.52.

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Auxiliary verbs in English and French languages are very germane in constructing sentences in both languages. Therefore, this study examines the way auxiliary verbs are used in English and French Languages; and some features where learners of either language may encounter some difficulties in the course of learning. Our attention is drawn to auxiliary verbs because verb is what that makes any sentence functions the way it is. Verb is one of the most important parts of speech in French grammar and also in English .It is through verb that one knows when an action takes place. When a verb helps another verb to form one of its tenses in a sentence, such verb can be said to be auxiliary. This paper also focuses on auxiliary verbs and how verbs are used in the past and present indications. Auxiliary verbs cannot stand or function alone without relying on the main verb in both English and French languages. Finally, we shall concurrently consider in this paper how semi-auxiliary verbs function as modal auxiliary in French.

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Liosis, Nikos. "Auxiliary verb constructions and clitic placement." Journal of Greek Linguistics 17, no. 1 (2017): 37–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15699846-01701004.

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The Tsakonian clitic system possesses a clitic auxiliary with the same syntactic and prosodic properties as the object clitic pronouns with which it may cluster preverbally or postverbally. The clitics of the two Tsakonian subdialects (Peloponnesian Tsakonian and Propontis Tsakonian) differ typologically since the latter has second position clitics but the former does not. It is shown here that Peloponnesian Tsakonian clitics do not simply constitute a mixed system in a state of transition between the inherited Medieval Greek enclitics and SMG proclitics, because of certain peculiarities they show. In particular, circumclitics and split clitics have arisen, and second position clitics are retained not as free variations but as elements whose placement depends on strict prosodic and/or syntactic conditions.

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Edward J. Vajda. "Auxiliary verb constructions (review)." Language 86, no. 2 (2010): 429–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.0.0207.

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Abdulaeva, Indira Akhmedovna. "AUXILIARY LINKING VERB IN AKHVAKH LANGUAGE." Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem, no. 7 (September 16, 2015): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2015-7-19.

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목지선. "A Study of Auxiliary Verb ‘쌓다’." Korean Language Research ll, no. 32 (June 2013): 35–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.16876/klrc.2013..32.35.

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목지선. "A Study of Auxiliary Verb ‘쌓다’." Korean Language Research ll, no. 32 (June 2013): 36–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.16876/klrc.2013..32.36.

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Hoekstra, Jarich. "Beyond Do-Support and Tun-Periphrasis: The Case of Finite Verb Doubling in Karrharde North Frisian." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 28, no. 4 (November 11, 2016): 317–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542716000155.

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All West Germanic languages possess periphrastic verb constructions in which a finite dummy auxiliary ‘do’ combines with an infinitival thematic verb (compare do-support in English and tun-periphrasis in German). In Frisian, periphrastic verb constructions are not very common. It is all the more surprising, therefore, to find a general periphrastic verb construction in Karrharde North Frisian that seems to go beyond the typology of these constructions in West Germanic to some extent: The construction is rather unconstrained, it features a mysterious dummy auxiliary wer- and, most strikingly, both the dummy auxiliary and the thematic verb are finite. In this article, the basic data on finite verb doubling in Karrharde North Frisian is presented, and the origin of the dummy auxiliary wer- is tracked down. A synchronic analysis of the construction is proposed that relates it to the periphrastic verb constructions in other West Germanic languages. It is shown that finite verb doubling is in most respects a garden variety periphrastic verb construction, and that its special properties can be traced back to the fact that the dummy auxiliary developed from the complementizer wer ‘if, whether’ (possibly under language contact with Danish).

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van Gelderen, Elly. "Review of Anderson (2006): Auxiliary Verb Constructions." Studies in Language 32, no. 2 (April 2, 2008): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.32.2.14gel.

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van Gelderen, Elly. "Review of Anderson (2006): Auxiliary Verb Constructions." Studies in Language 33, no. 1 (January 9, 2009): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.33.1.13van.

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최재영. "The Research on Chinese Auxiliary Verb (1)." China Studies 43, no. ll (June 2008): 277–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18077/chss.2008.43..014.

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van Gelderen, Elly. "Review of Anderson (2006): Auxiliary Verb Constructions." Studies in Language 34, no. 1 (March 19, 2010): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.34.1.14van.

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김동욱. "An Independent Using of Japanese Auxiliary Verb." Journal of Eurasian Studies 8, no. 2 (June 2011): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.31203/aepa.2011.8.2.009.

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Haegeman, Liliane. "Verb Movement in Embedded Clauses in West Flemish." Linguistic Inquiry 29, no. 4 (October 1998): 631–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438998553905.

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This article analyzes aspects of the distribution of West Flemish verbs in terms of Kayne's (1994) antisymmetry approach. The distribution of the auxiliary in the Infinitivus pro Participio (IPP) construction provides evidence for three functional heads in the lower middle field: Neg, T, and F2. The word order in the IPP construction is derived by head movement of the auxiliary and XP-movement of the IPP complement. The IPP complement moves to [Spec, FP2] to check its formal features; the finite auxiliary moves either to F2 or to a higher functional head, T or Neg; the nonfinite auxiliary remains in F2. The analysis accounts for the finite/nonfinite asymmetry in the distribution of the negative affix en. The article includes concrete proposals for the implementation of feature checking.

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Ogata, Kozué. "L’analyse des constructions du verbe venir avec l’infinitif." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 26, no. 2 (July 30, 2004): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.26.2.09oga.

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Summary The object of this paper is to explore the constructions of the French verb venir with a infinitival complement, through the analysis of a large corpus. We conclude that differences between verbs and auxiliaries are a matter of degree. Contrary to the cases of the movement verb venir (Table 2 in M. Gross, 1975, ex. Pierre est venu voir Marie), the subject, in some constructions of «venir + infinitive» is an inanimate noun. We propose to distinguish, among the constructions mentioned above, the aspectual use of venir (ex. Cet incident est venu compliquer encore la question). This use of venir is to be analyzed as an intermediate state between movement verbs and auxiliaries. In this aspectual construction, whose subject can be caracterized as an abstract noun, the verb venir does not take a locative complement, contrary to any other constructions of «venir + infinitive» (with the exception of the auxiliary use venir de). Such aspectual constructions do not exist with the verb aller, the counterpart deictic verb of venir. If venir in aspectual use is on the way to becoming an auxiliary, aller without this use can be considered as more advanced in the axe of auxiliarity.

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Meisterernst, Barbara. "A semantic analysis of modal DE 得 in pre-modern Chinese." Lingua sinica 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/linguasinica-2020-0001.

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Abstract In this paper, the lexical semantics of the pre-modal verb 得 dé and its development into a modal auxiliary will be discussed. Two different positions are available for the modal dé, the default preverbal position of modal auxiliary verbs and a post-verbal position. The analysis of the event and the argument structure of the lexical verb dé reveals that the different modal uses of dé originate from its functions as an achievement verb. In this regard, dé clearly differs from the other verbs of possibility in Late Archaic Chinese. The particular syntacto-semantic constraints of dé can account for its development into both a modal auxiliary verb, and for the particular functions it develops in the Modern Sinitic languages as a postverbal modal marker.

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박용일. "A Study on the Surface Structure of Japanese Auxiliary-Verb Sentence. - Focuse on the [V-te-Auxiliary verb] Sentence -." Journal of the society of Japanese Language and Literature, Japanology ll, no. 57 (May 2012): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21792/trijpn.2012..57.004.

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Botne, Robert. "The curious case of auxiliary -manya in Lwitaxo." Studies in African Linguistics 38, no. 2 (June 15, 2009): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v38i2.107288.

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Lwitaxo, one of the Luhya languages of Kenya, has an auxiliary verb of the form -many’a that occurs in compound constructions that express either a generic reading (“normally do V”) or a culminative reading (“ended up V-ing”). This verb is identical in form to the lexical verb -many’a ‘(come to) know’. However, while there are attested cases of KNOW verbs grammaticalizing as habitual/generic auxiliaries, there are no such attestations of KNOW verbs grammaticalizing as indicators of culmination. The author proposes that auxiliary -many’a is the unique result of a convergence of factors—sound change, morphophonological analogy, and semantic reinterpretation—that led an original auxiliary, -mala ‘finish’, to shift in form to resemble lexical -many’a.

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Slade, Benjamin. "The diachrony of light and auxiliary verbs in Indo-Aryan." Diachronica 30, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 531–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.30.4.04sla.

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This study examines the historical development of light verbs in Indo-Aryan. I investigate the origins of the modern Indo-Aryan compound verb construction, and compare this construction with other light verb constructions in Indo-Aryan. Examination of the antecedents of the Indo-Aryan compound verb construction alongside other Indo-Aryan light verb constructions, combined with analysis of lexical and morphosyntactic differences between the compound verb systems of two Indo-Aryan languages (Hindi and Nepali), demonstrate that light verbs are not a stable or unchanging part of grammar, but rather undergo a variety of changes, including reanalysis as tense/aspect auxiliaries.

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Gibson, Hannah. "The grammaticalisation of verb-auxiliary order in East African Bantu." Studies in Language 43, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 757–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.17033.gib.

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Abstract Bantu languages employ a combination of simple and compound verb forms to encode tense-aspect-mood distinctions. Compound constructions typically involve an auxiliary form followed by an inflected main verb. However, the six East African Bantu languages under examination in this paper exhibit a word order in which the auxiliary appears after the verb. This order is typologically unusual for languages with SVO word order and comparatively unusual in the context of the Bantu languages. This paper presents a synchronic description of this word order and develops an account of its possible origins. It is proposed that the verb-auxiliary order originated from a verb-fronting construction which was used historically to convey predication focus. The account further corroborates the claim that the progressive aspect is an inherently focal category in Bantu and, from a wider perspective, shows the interplay between the encoding of information structure and tense-aspect information.

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Yang, Jeong-seok. "Modal meaning composition in Korean auxiliary verb constructions." Language and Linguistics 72 (August 30, 2016): 117–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20865/20167205.

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Bastiaanse, Roelien, and Cynthia K. Thompson. "Verb and auxiliary movement in agrammatic Broca’s aphasia." Brain and Language 84, no. 2 (February 2003): 286–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-934x(02)00553-9.

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Nam, Sin-Hye. "Meaning and Syntax of the Auxiliary Verb ‘Nagata’." Korean Semantics 60 (June 30, 2018): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.19033/sks.2018.06.60.71.

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Destrianti, Adila, Adnan Aryuliva, and Fitrawati. "AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN CONSTRUCTING INFORMATION QUESTION." JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics & Literature) 1, no. 1 (February 4, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/joall.v1i1.3797.

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Constructing information question with correct grammar is an ability that should be owned by the students. The aim of this research is to find out the research question about how the students’ ability in constructing information question is. This is a descriptive research. The data were collected from twenty-eight students of eighth grade of SMP 30 Padang that were chosen randomly. This research used test as the instrument that consist of twelve question tests that represent question word what, where, who, why, when, and how. Analysis data based on indicators of information question; question word, auxiliary verb, subject, main verb, and sentence complement. From the result of this study, it was gained that students’ abilities were very good in determining question word, not very good in determining auxiliary verb, good in determining subject, not good in determining verb, and average in determining complement. It can be concluded that students have good ability in determining question word, subject, and complement in constructing information question, while students still have low ability in determining auxiliary verb and verb in constructing information question.

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MEISTERERNST, Barbara, and Barbara MEISTERERNST. "From obligation to future? A diachronic sketch of the syntax and the semantics of the auxiliary verb dang ???" Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 40, no. 2 (2011): v—188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1960602811x00015.

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In this paper the syntax and the semantics of the modal auxiliary verb dāng ??? and its diachronic development from a full verb into a modal auxiliary verb, and a future marker are at issue. It will be demonstrated that dang predominantly expresses the root modal values of obligation and necessity and that epistemic and future readings are subject to different syntactic constraints. Additionally, the data will show that although dang seems to exhibit typical features of grammaticalisation in its development from a full verb into a modal auxiliary verb and eventually into a future marker, its development differs considerably from the grammaticalisation processes proposed in the linguistic literature.

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Adéwọlé, Lawrence O. "Sequence and Co-Occurrence of Yoruba Auxiliary Verbs." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 34, no. 1 (March 1989): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000841310002586x.

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Just as in several other languages of the world, the Yoruba auxiliary verbs can be stacked, that is, there can be more than one auxiliary verb in a structure. In this paper, we shall propose an analysis, within the framework of GPSG, which accounts for the distribution of the Yoruba auxiliary verbs and compare our analysis with some previous ones.

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Hu, Bo, and Hong Chen. "On the Raising and Control of Modal Auxiliary Verbs." International Journal of Linguistics 12, no. 4 (August 27, 2020): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v12i4.17595.

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Modal auxiliary verbs are a type of verb that expresses the speaker’s attitude and opinion towards a proposition or an event. This paper investigates the syntactic features of modal auxiliary verbs in different languages from the aspects of semantic constraints, the deletion of complement clauses, constituent movement, pseudo-cleft construction and temporal and aspect markers, and analyzes relevant hypotheses of modal auxiliary verbs under the framework of generative grammar. We challenge the assumption that modal verbs are raising verbs, argue that modal auxiliary verbs should be analyzed as raising or control verbs.

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Jaeyong Kwak. "Spanish Double Periphrastic Passive Construction with Aspectual Auxiliary Verb." Korean Journal of Hispanic Studies 8, no. 1 (May 2015): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18217/kjhs.8.1.201505.1.

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Lee, Chul-Woo. "Cognitive Semantic Analysis about a Korean Auxiliary Verb ‘Beorida’." Journal of the Humanities 84 (September 30, 2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21211/jhum.84.1.

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Mok Jungsoo. "The Auxiliary Verb ‘juda’ as a Dative Case Marker." Society for Korean Language & Literary Research 36, no. 4 (December 2008): 73–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15822/skllr.2008.36.4.73.

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JeongPil Kim. "The analysis of cognitive process in Chinese auxiliary verb." Journal of Chinese Language and Literature ll, no. 61 (December 2012): 683–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.15792/clsyn..61.201212.683.

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Voitila, Anssi. "Deontic meaning of the auxiliary verb construction méllo + INF." Glotta 89, no. 1-4 (September 2013): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/glot.2013.89.14.242.

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Akehurst, F. R. P. "The Auxiliary-Verb-plus-Infinitive Construction in Old Occitan." Tenso 2, no. 1 (1986): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ten.1986.0010.

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VERHAGEN, JOSJE. "Verb placement in second language acquisition: Experimental evidence for the different behavior of auxiliary and lexical verbs." Applied Psycholinguistics 32, no. 4 (April 21, 2011): 821–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716411000087.

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ABSTRACTThis study investigates the acquisition of verb placement by Moroccan and Turkish second language (L2) learners of Dutch. Elicited production data corroborate earlier findings from L2 German that learners who do not produce auxiliaries do not raise lexical verbs over negation, whereas learners who produce auxiliaries do. Data from elicited imitation and sentence matching support this pattern and show that learners can have grammatical knowledge of auxiliary placement before they can produce auxiliaries. With lexical verbs, they do not show such knowledge. These results present further evidence for the different behavior of auxiliary and lexical verbs in early stages of L2 acquisition.

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Garrett, Andrew. "On the origin of auxiliary do." English Language and Linguistics 2, no. 2 (November 1998): 283–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674300000897.

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Prevailing theories link the English periphrastic auxiliary verb do historically with Old and Middle English causative do. I argue that these and other accounts are inconsistent with modern dialect evidence and an analysis of the historical record suggested by that evidence. The primary source of periphrastic do was a habitual aspect marker which itself arose from the reinterpretation of bare object nominalizations as infinitive verbs.1

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Jordens, Peter. "Systematiek En Dynamiek Bij De Verwerving Van Finietheid." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 71 (January 1, 2004): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.71.02jor.

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In early Dutch learner varieties, there is no evidence of finiteness being a functional category. There is no V2nd: no correlation between inflectional morphology and movement. Initially, learners express the illocutive function of finiteness through the use of illocutive markers, with the non-use of an illocutive marker expressing the default illocutive function of assertion. Illocutive markers are functioning as adjuncts with scope over the predicate. Illocutive markers become re-analysed as functional elements.The driving force is the acquisition of the auxiliary verbs that occur with past participles. It leads to a reanalysis of illocutive markers as two separate elements: an auxiliary verb and a scope adverb. The (modal) auxiliary carries illocutive function. Lexical verb-argument structure (including the external argument) occurs within the domain of the auxiliary verb. The predicate as the focus constituent occurs within the domain of a scope adverb. This reanalysis establishes a position for the external argument within the domain of AUX. The acquisition of AUX causes the acquisition of a (hierarchical) structure with a complement as a constituent which represents an underlying verb-argument structure, a predicate as the domain of elements that are in focus, and an external (specifier) position as a landing site for elements with topic function.

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Kozhanov, Kirill A. "Analytic Future Tense in Russian Romani as a Calque from Eastern Slavic." Slovene 5, no. 1 (2016): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2016.5.1.10.

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This paper discusses the development of the analytic future in Russian Romani. In this Romani dialect, an analytic future tense can be expressed by means of the two auxiliary verbs avéla ‘to come’ and léla ‘to take.’ This article argues that the development of this analytic future was induced by contact with Eastern Slavic languages. In Romani, the verb avéla also functions as the future form of the copula, thus its use as an auxiliary to derive future tense is a calque from the Slavic construction with the verb budu ‘I will.’ In the article it is argued that the use of the verb léla as an auxiliary is a “fossilized” calque from Old Russian, in which the verb jati ‘to take’ was, up to the 16th century, one of the main ways to derive the future tense. It is also shown that there is no clear semantic distinction between the two constructions, and that preference is given to one or the other depending on the areal variety or even idiolect. Finally, Soviet Romani literature offers interesting cases that demonstrate when the verb léla begins to function as a future tense copula.

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Nur, Tajudin. "PERNYATAAN KALA DAN ASPEK DALAM BAHASA ARAB: ANALISIS SEMANTIK VERBA." Arabi : Journal of Arabic Studies 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24865/ajas.v3i1.65.

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This research was a qualitative research using structural linguistic method. The findings showed that the conjugation of the perfect verbs (ma>dhi) into imperfect verbs (mudha>ri’) can reveal the concept of semantic time and aspect. It was found that the conjugation of verb from perfect (ma>dhi) to imperfect (mudha>ri’) expresses semantical concept of tense and aspect. Perfect verb expresses past tense, present tense, future tense, and perfective aspect, while imperfect verb expresses present tense, future tense, and imperfective aspect. The other constituents which had a role in expressing tense and aspect were auxiliary verb of kana, the particles of qad, sawfa, lan, and sa- prefix. The auxiliary verb of kana had a role to express past tense in the case of equational sentence or if it precedes imperfect verb, while if it precedes perfect verb, it expresses perfective aspect. The particle of qad expresses perfective aspect if it precedes perfect verb (ma>dhi), while the particle of sawfa, lan, and sa- prefix express future tense. In addition, to clarify the tense in Arabic adverb of time standing beside the verb also was used.

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Elmaida, Elmaida. "AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN USING AUXILIARY VERB OF PASSIVE VOICE SENTENCES AT THIRD SEMESTER OF STKIP YPM." ELP (Journal of English Language Pedagogy) 5, no. 2 (July 30, 2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36665/elp.v5i2.322.

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This research studies about the students’ ability in using auxiliary verb on passive voice sentences at the English Department students STKIP YPM. The purpose o f this research was to find out the students’ understanding in using auxiliary verb on passive voice sentences at the third semester STKIP YPM. This research was descriptive qualitative method. The population was 15 students at third semester on English Department STKIP YPM. They were selected as the sample by using total sampling technique. The data was collected by using writing test on passive voice sentences. The finding showed that students’ understanding in using auxiliary verb on passive voices sentences at third semester of English Education Program of STKIP YPM in academic year of 2015/2016 were good enough.

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Chen, Rong. "Subject auxiliary inversion and linguistic generalization: Evidence for functional/cognitive motivation in language." Cognitive Linguistics 24, no. 1 (January 28, 2013): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2013-0001.

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AbstractThis paper provides a unified account of English subject-auxiliary inversion (SAI). It argues that SAIs, as have been called in the literature, belong to two semantically distinctive constructions. The first is the Auxiliary Subject Construction (ASC), one that merely reverses the subject and auxiliary order, without the fronting of another unit. It functions to mark non-indicative moods. The second SAI construction is the X Auxiliary Subject Construction (XASC), in which the auxiliary-subject (AS) order is accompanied by the fronting of a unit from its original, post-subject position in the canonical, SV order sentence. The XASC serves a different purpose from the ASC, i.e., to focus the fronted unit. As such, it shares both structural and functional affinity with full-verb inversion (Chen 2003), which is referred to hereafter as the X Verb Subject Construction (XVSC) for sake of consistency. The second purpose of this study is to address the issue of invertability of the subject auxiliary/verb order. Drawing on Deane (1992), I propose an Invertability Hypothesis, which applies to both the XASC and the XVSC. On this hypothesis, invertability depends on the strength of the linkage between the fronted unit and the auxiliary/verb that exists in the canonical sentence. The stronger the link, the more likely the order of the subject and the auxiliary/verb will be inversed once the unit is fronted. With this analysis – one that is decidedly different from previous accounts (e.g. Goldberg 2006) – I intend to demonstrate that the functional/cognitive approach to language is indeed capable of handling a complex construction such as inversion, the generalization of which generative linguists believe can only be stated formally (Newmeyer 1998; Borsley and Newmeyer 2009; Lidz and Williams 2009).

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N'Guessan, Jérémie Kouadio. "Les séries verbales en Baoulé questions de morphosyntaxe et de sémantique." Studies in African Linguistics 29, no. 1 (June 1, 2000): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v29i1.107371.

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This article demonstrates, from morphological and syntactic facts, the existence of serial verbs in Baoule. The analysis illustrates the difference between serial verb constructions, simple conjoined verbs, and auxiliary verb/nominalized verb constructions. The author proposes that serial verbs do not constitute a homogeneous category in Baoule. In order to deal efficiently with serial verbs, it is necessary to combine morphosyntactic features with lexical information.

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Richards, Brian, and Peter Robinson. "Environmental correlates of child copula verb growth." Journal of Child Language 20, no. 2 (June 1993): 343–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500090000831x.

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ABSTRACTA recurring result from studies which relate the frequency of input variables to rate of language development, is the link between auxiliary verb growth and yes—no questions addressed to children. Explanations for this relationship usually concentrate on the advantages of hearing stressed and non-contracted auxiliary forms in sentence-initial position over hearing unstressed, contracted forms in medial position in declaratives. If such accounts are correct, then it can be predicted that yes—no questions which place forms of COPULA be in initial position will also increase the rate of growth of children's COPULA verb development. This prediction was tested using a sample of 33 children, carefully matched for stage of language development at 1;9 and 2;0 years; rate of copula verb growth was then measured over the succeeding nine months. Analyses include an examination of the contribution of sub-categories of yes—no question, tag questions, and utterances containing sentence-final copulas to the growth of contracted and full copulas. Results confirm that the frequency of inverted copulas in yes—no questions predicts children's copula development. Nevertheless, caution is urged before interpreting the relationship in terms of a direct causal model.

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박선옥. "A Diachronic Study on the Korean Perfect Aspect Auxiliary Verb." Society for Korean Language & Literary Research 36, no. 1 (March 2008): 159–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15822/skllr.2008.36.1.159.

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박종승. "The Change of the Usage of an Auxiliary Verb “Rareru”." Journal of the society of Japanese Language and Literature, Japanology ll, no. 40 (February 2008): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21792/trijpn.2008..40.002.

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Hudson, Richard. "The Rise of Auxiliary DO-Verb Raising or Category-Strengthening?" Transactions of the Philological Society 95, no. 1 (May 1997): 41–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-968x.00012.

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임동식. "On Korean Auxiliary Verb ‘-(e)cita’: an l-syntax Approach." Korean Journal of Linguistics 40, no. 4 (December 2015): 661–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18855/lisoko.2015.40.4.004.

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Tomaszewska, Magdalena. "On the Auxiliary Status of Dare in Old English." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 49, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2015-0003.

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Abstract OE *durran ‘dare’ belongs to a group of the so-called preterite-present verbs which developed weak past tense forms replacing the originally strong forms throughout the paradigm. The present study hypothesizes that the potential sources of this development are related to the decay of the subjunctive mood in Old English. Further, this corpus-based study analyses the status of DARE in Old English, with the findings showing that the verb displayed both lexical and auxiliary verb characteristics. These results are juxtaposed and compared with the verb's developments in Middle English. The databases examined are the corpus of The Dictionary of Old English in Electronic Form (A-G) and the Innsbruck Computer Archive of Machine-Readable English Texts. In both cases, a search of potential forms was performed on all the files of the corpora, the raw results were then analysed in order to eliminate irrelevant instances (adjectives, nouns, foreign words, etc.). The relevant forms were examined with the aim to check the properties of DARE as a lexical and an auxiliary verb, and compare the findings with Molencki’s (2002, 2005) observations.

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Zhang, Wei-Nan, Yue Zhang, Yuanxing Liu, Donglin Di, and Ting Liu. "A Neural Network Approach to Verb Phrase Ellipsis Resolution." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 7468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33017468.

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Verb Phrase Ellipsis (VPE) is a linguistic phenomenon, where some verb phrases as syntactic constituents are omitted and typically referred by an auxiliary verb. It is ubiquitous in both formal and informal text, such as news articles and dialogues. Previous work on VPE resolution mainly focused on manually constructing features extracted from auxiliary verbs, syntactic trees, etc. However, the optimization of feature representation, the effectiveness of continuous features and the automatic composition of features are not well addressed. In this paper, we explore the advantages of neural models on VPE resolution in both pipeline and end-to-end processes, comparing the differences between statistical and neural models. Two neural models, namely multi-layer perception and the Transformer, are employed for the subtasks of VPE detection and resolution. Experimental results show that the neural models outperform the state-of-the-art baselines in both subtasks and the end-to-end results.

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Gross, Maurice. "Lemmatization of compound tenses in English." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 22, no. 1-2 (December 31, 1999): 71–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.22.1-2.06gro.

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We generalize the process of lemmatization of verbs to their compound tenses. Usually, lemmatization is limited on verbs conjugated by means of suffixes; tense auxiliaries and modal verbs (e.g. I have left, I am leaving, I could leave) are ignored. We have constructed a set of 83 finite-state grammars which parse auxiliary verbs and thus recognizes the ‘head verb’, that is, the lemma. We generalize the notion of auxiliary verb to verbs with sentential complements which have transformed constructions (e.g. I want to go) that can be parsed in exactly the same way as tense auxiliaries or modal verbs. Ambiguities arise, in particular because adverbial inserts occur inside the compound verbs,. We show how local grammars describing nominal contexts can be used to reduce the degree of ambiguity.

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Dhona, Nurma. "COMMON ERROR IN USING ENGLISH TENSES BY EFL STUDENTS." IdeBahasa 1, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37296/idebahasa.v1i2.18.

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Most of English foreign language learners (EFL) in the beginning level face some problems in learning English. They commited different kinds of errors and mistakes in learning English as a foreign language which were due to poor knowledge with grammar. Most of students considered that grammar was difficult, thus their motivation to learn English was also poor. Moreover, problems in foreign language learning especially in English were unavoidable. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify common error in using English tenses by EFL students in the first semester at Putera Batam University. The instrument used was a test on basic English tenses and the data consisted of 50 students. The data sources were taken from the result of students’ test itself. It showed that students’ errors were categorized into six types; (1) Subject – auxiliary agreement, (2) Pronoun mistake or subject was wrong, meanwhile auxiliary verb or verb was right, (3) Auxiliary verb was correct meanwhile verb still added –es/s, (4) Auxiliary verb was wrong in sentence, (5) Double subject in sentence, (6) The sentence did not have subject or verb. Based on the result, it can be concluded some mistakes that students made were caused of they did not really understand the pattern of English tenses. Therefore, students should be given more attention and motivation to learn kinds of tenses correctly. Keywords : English Grammar, English Tenses, Student’s error.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Auxiliary verb DO'

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