Relevant bibliographies by topics / Auxin efflux carriers

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Academic literature on the topic 'Auxin efflux carriers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Auxin efflux carriers"

1

Swarup, R., A. Marchant, and M. J. Bennett. "Auxin transport: providing a sense of direction during plant development." Biochemical Society Transactions 28, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0280481.

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Auxins are key regulators of plant development. Plants employ a specialized delivery system termed polar auxin transport to convey indole-3-acetic acid from source to target tissues. Auxin transport is mediated by the combined activities of specialized influx and efflux carriers. Mutational approaches in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, have led to the molecular genetic characterization of putative auxin influx and efflux carrier components, AUX1 and AtPIN1. Both genes belong to distinct gene families that are being functionally characterized by using a reverse genetic approach in Arabidopsis. AtPIN proteins are asymmetrically localized within plant plasma membranes, providing a molecular mechanism for the characteristic polarity of auxin transport. We outline the epitope tagging strategy being used in our laboratory to immunolocalize AUX1 and discuss the implications of its subcellular localization for auxin redistribution within root apical tissues. Lastly, we describe a novel carrier-based mechanism that plant cells might use to determine their relative position(s) within an auxin gradient, drawing parallels with the mechanism of glucose perception in yeast.
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Zhou, Jing-Jing, and Jie Luo. "The PIN-FORMED Auxin Efflux Carriers in Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 2759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092759.

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Auxin plays crucial roles in multiple developmental processes, such as embryogenesis, organogenesis, cell determination and division, as well as tropic responses. These processes are finely coordinated by the auxin, which requires the polar distribution of auxin within tissues and cells. The intercellular directionality of auxin flow is closely related to the asymmetric subcellular location of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux transporters. All PIN proteins have a conserved structure with a central hydrophilic loop domain, which harbors several phosphosites targeted by a set of protein kinases. The activities of PIN proteins are finely regulated by diverse endogenous and exogenous stimuli at multiple layers—including transcriptional and epigenetic levels, post-transcriptional modifications, subcellular trafficking, as well as PINs’ recycling and turnover—to facilitate the developmental processes in an auxin gradient-dependent manner. Here, the recent advances in the structure, evolution, regulation and functions of PIN proteins in plants will be discussed. The information provided by this review will shed new light on the asymmetric auxin-distribution-dependent development processes mediated by PIN transporters in plants.
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3

Friml, Jiří. "Subcellular trafficking of PIN auxin efflux carriers in auxin transport." European Journal of Cell Biology 89, no. 2-3 (February 2010): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.11.003.

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Gho, Yun-Shil, Min-Yeong Song, Do-Young Bae, Heebak Choi, and Ki-Hong Jung. "Rice PIN Auxin Efflux Carriers Modulate the Nitrogen Response in a Changing Nitrogen Growth Environment." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 3243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063243.

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Auxins play an essential role in regulating plant growth and adaptation to abiotic stresses, such as nutrient stress. Our current understanding of auxins is based almost entirely on the results of research on the eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana, however, the role of the rice PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers in the regulation of the ammonium-dependent response remains elusive. Here, we analyzed the expression patterns in various organs/tissues and the ammonium-dependent response of rice PIN-family genes (OsPIN genes) via qRT–PCR, and attempted to elucidate the relationship between nitrogen (N) utilization and auxin transporters. To investigate auxin distribution under ammonium-dependent response after N deficiency in rice roots, we used DR5::VENUS reporter lines that retained a highly active synthetic auxin response. Subsequently, we confirmed that ammonium supplementation reduced the DR5::VENUS signal compared with that observed in the N-deficient condition. These results are consistent with the decreased expression patterns of almost all OsPIN genes in the presence of the ammonium-dependent response to N deficiency. Furthermore, the ospin1b mutant showed an insensitive phenotype in the ammonium-dependent response to N deficiency and disturbances in the regulation of several N-assimilation genes. These molecular and physiological findings suggest that auxin is involved in the ammonium assimilation process of rice, which is a model crop plant.
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Forestan, Cristian, and Serena Varotto. "PIN1 auxin efflux carriers localization studies inZea mays." Plant Signaling & Behavior 5, no. 4 (April 2010): 436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/psb.5.4.11339.

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Yang, Chenghui, Dongdong Wang, Chao Zhang, Minghui Ye, Nana Kong, Haoli Ma, and Qin Chen. "Comprehensive Analysis and Expression Profiling of PIN, AUX/LAX, and ABCB Auxin Transporter Gene Families in Solanum tuberosum under Phytohormone Stimuli and Abiotic Stresses." Biology 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10020127.

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Auxin is the only plant hormone that exhibits transport polarity mediated by three families: auxin resistant (AUX) 1/like AUX1 (LAX) influx carriers, pin-formed (PIN) efflux carriers, and ATP-binding cassette B (ABCB) influx/efflux carriers. Extensive studies about the biological functions of auxin transporter genes have been reported in model plants. Information regarding these genes in potato remains scarce. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of auxin transporter gene families in potato to examine genomic distributions, phylogeny, co-expression analysis, gene structure and subcellular localization, and expression profiling using bioinformatics tools and qRT-PCR analysis. From these analyses, 5 StLAXs, 10 StPINs, and 22 StABCBs were identified in the potato genome and distributed in 10 of 18 gene modules correlating to the development of various tissues. Transient expression experiments indicated that three representative auxin transporters showed plasma membrane localizations. The responsiveness to auxin and auxin transport inhibitors implied their possible roles in mediating intercellular auxin homoeostasis and redistribution. The differential expression under abscisic acid and abiotic stresses indicated their specific adaptive mechanisms regulating tolerance to environmental stimuli. A large number of auxin-responsive and stress-related cis-elements within their promoters could account for their responsiveness to diverse stresses. Our study aimed to understand the biological significance of potato auxin transporters in hormone signaling and tolerance to environmental stresses.
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Schwechheimer, Claus, Shaul Yalovsky, and Viktor Žárský. "Auxin does not inhibit endocytosis of PIN1 and PIN2 auxin efflux carriers." Plant Physiology 186, no. 2 (March 20, 2021): 808–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab132.

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8

Löfke, Christian, Christian Luschnig, and Jürgen Kleine-Vehn. "Posttranslational modification and trafficking of PIN auxin efflux carriers." Mechanisms of Development 130, no. 1 (January 2013): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2012.02.003.

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Abdollahi Sisi, Nayyer, and Kamil Růžička. "ER-Localized PIN Carriers: Regulators of Intracellular Auxin Homeostasis." Plants 9, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111527.

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The proper distribution of the hormone auxin is essential for plant development. It is channeled by auxin efflux carriers of the PIN family, typically asymmetrically located on the plasma membrane (PM). Several studies demonstrated that some PIN transporters are also located at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). From the PM-PINs, they differ in a shorter internal hydrophilic loop, which carries the most important structural features required for their subcellular localization, but their biological role is otherwise relatively poorly known. We discuss how ER-PINs take part in maintaining intracellular auxin homeostasis, possibly by modulating the internal levels of IAA; it seems that the exact identity of the metabolites downstream of ER-PINs is not entirely clear as well. We further review the current knowledge about their predicted structure, evolution and localization. Finally, we also summarize their role in plant development.
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Weller, Benjamin, Melina Zourelidou, Lena Frank, Inês C. R. Barbosa, Astrid Fastner, Sandra Richter, Gerd Jürgens, Ulrich Z. Hammes, and Claus Schwechheimer. "Dynamic PIN-FORMED auxin efflux carrier phosphorylation at the plasma membrane controls auxin efflux-dependent growth." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 5 (January 17, 2017): E887—E896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614380114.

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The directional distribution of the phytohormone auxin is essential for plant development. Directional auxin transport is mediated by the polarly distributed PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers. We have previously shown that efficient PIN1-mediated auxin efflux requires activation through phosphorylation at the four serines S1–S4 inArabidopsis thaliana. The Brefeldin A (BFA)-sensitive D6 PROTEIN KINASE (D6PK) and the BFA-insensitive PINOID (PID) phosphorylate and activate PIN1 through phosphorylation at all four phosphosites. PID, but not D6PK, can also induce PIN1 polarity shifts, seemingly through phosphorylation at S1–S3. The differential effects of D6PK and PID on PIN1 polarity had so far been attributed to their differential phosphosite preference for the four PIN1 phosphosites. We have mapped PIN1 phosphorylation at S1–S4 in situ using phosphosite-specific antibodies. We detected phosphorylation at PIN1 phosphosites at the basal (rootward) as well as the apical (shootward) plasma membrane in different root cell types, in embryos, and shoot apical meristems. Thereby, PIN1 phosphorylation at all phosphosites generally followed the predominant PIN1 distribution but was not restricted to specific polar sides of the cells. PIN1 phosphorylation at the basal and apical plasma membrane was differentially sensitive to BFA treatments, suggesting the involvement of different protein kinases or trafficking mechanisms in PIN1 phosphorylation control. We conclude that phosphosite preferences are not sufficient to explain the differential effects of D6PK and PID on PIN1 polarity, and suggest that a more complex model is needed to explain the effects of PID.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Auxin efflux carriers"

1

Wilkinson, Sally. "Interactions between auxin efflux carriers and NPA receptors in higher plant cells." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295231.

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Weller, Benjamin A. L. [Verfasser], Claus [Akademischer Betreuer] Schwechheimer, Claus [Gutachter] Schwechheimer, and Ulrich [Gutachter] Hammes. "Auxin transport regulation through dynamic efflux carrier phosphorylation / Benjamin A. L. Weller ; Gutachter: Claus Schwechheimer, Ulrich Hammes ; Betreuer: Claus Schwechheimer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/115238418X/34.

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Weller, Benjamin A. L. Verfasser], Claus [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schwechheimer, Claus [Gutachter] Schwechheimer, and Ulrich [Gutachter] Hammes. "Auxin transport regulation through dynamic efflux carrier phosphorylation / Benjamin A. L. Weller ; Gutachter: Claus Schwechheimer, Ulrich Hammes ; Betreuer: Claus Schwechheimer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/115238418X/34.

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4

Křeček, Pavel. "Mechanismy regulace aktivity vynašečů auxinu." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-311563.

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The morphology of plant body is shaped by genetically coded developmental programme together with environmental factors. The influence of environmental factors on the morphology is much more important in plants that in other multicellular organisms. The developmental programme provides a general scheme that is modified by environmental signals. Phytohormone auxin is a regulator of plant morphogenesis and its distribution in the plant body is an important mechanism controling the growth and development of plants and coordinating the developmental programme with environmentally-induced changes. This thesis investigates factors important for transport of auxin from cells, second part is dedicated to bioinformatic analysis of the transporters from the PIN protein family. For investigation of signals involved in regulation of activity of auxin efflux transporters I have selected (based on published information) physiological signals influencing auxin transport. These signals were changed by treatment with chemicals and resulting changes in auxin transport were measured (on the cellular level) with the intention to discover signals that can rapidly (within minutes) change the activity of auxin efflux transporters. The signals, which satisfy these requirements were subjected to further investigation. He detailed...
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Simon, Sibu. "Analýza komplexity procesů souvisejících s auxinem a jejich regulace." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-311413.

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Phytohormone auxin plays an important role in various aspects of plant growth and development. The necessary concentration maxima at the region of its action are achieved by auxin metabolism, passive diffusion of auxin molecules across plasma membrane and by the carrier-mediated auxin transport, as well as by modulation of these processes. In our study we used a group of compounds structurally related to major endogenous auxin indole-3-acetic acid, as well as synthetic auxins 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4- D) and naphthalene-1-acetic acid (NAA). We aimed to characterize the auxin specificity of developmentally important processes such as carrier-mediated auxin transport, and 'genomic' (transcriptional) and 'non-genomic' (transcriptional) auxin signaling. In addition to the characterization of these compounds we also hoped to get an insight into the complex regulatory mechanism of auxin-related processes and to possibly find a particular compound with distinct behavior towards particular processes. By making use of such compounds and other molecular tools we aimed to analyze the mechanism of 'non-genomic' auxin signaling, to understand the mode of action of FM (Fei Mao) styryl dyes on the dynamics of membrane- localized auxin transporters, and to study the involvement of other phytohormones...
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Li, Yi-Li, and 李宜麗. "Cloning and analysis of the cDNA clones encoding the auxin efflux carriers in bitter gourd." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55587895560126228795.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
88
To understand the molecular mechanism of response to auxin in plants, three cDNAs encoding auxin efflux carrier were isolated from bitter gourd ‘Moon Shine’. PIN1 and PIN2 gene fragments synthesized by polymerase chain reaction using Arabidopsis genomic DNA as template were used for screening the cDNA library constructed by poly(A)+ RNA from fruit of bitter gourd. The cDNA pMAEC28 (MCm-AEC1) sequence consists of 2,924 base pairs with an intron and encodes an open reading frame of 607 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 66 kDa and a predicted pI of 9.26. The cDNA pMAEC43 (MCm-AEC2) sequence consists of 2,270 base pairs encoding a polypeptide of 608 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 66 kDa and a predicted pI of 9.4. The cDNA pMAEC93 (MCm-AEC3) sequence consists of 2,511 base pairs and encodes an open reading frame of 635 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 68 kDa and a predicted pI of 8.59. All of the amino acid sequences of three encoded proteins show homology to Arabidopsis auxin efflux carrier PIN genes between 60 to 70% and possess 8 or 10 putative transmembrane domains interrupted by a central hydrophilic loop. According to the results of Southern analysis using specific probes from cDNA pMAEC43 and pMAEC93, these genes belong to single or low-copy gene family. Three or more related auxin efflux carrier genes exist in genome of bitter gourd. On the other hand, Northern blot analysis indicates that both MCm-AEC2 and MCm-AEC3 were highly expressed in flowers and early development stage of fruit. Accumulation of MCm-AEC2 or MCm-AEC3 mRNA was induced after bitter gourd fruit treated with 10-5 M auxin indoleacetic acid for 30 minutes or 0.1 mL/L exogenous ethylene for 24 hours. Gene expression was repressed by higher concentration of ethylene as 10mL/L. Total RNA isolated from fruit sections soaked in other kinds of auxin or plant hormones was performed in Northern hybridization.
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Glanc, Matouš. "Mechanismy ustavení a udržení polarity PIN přenašečů v Arabidopsis." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-393001.

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Cell polarity is a key concept in plant biology. The subcellular localization of Pin- formed (PIN) auxin efflux carriers in the root of "#$%&'()*&* is remarkably asymmetrical, making PINs prominent markers to study cell polarity. In spite of its developmental importance and two decades of research, the molecular basis of PIN polarity remains largely unknown. In this thesis, I employed advanced transgenic and fluorescence microscopy approaches to gain insight into several aspects of PIN polarity regulation. I participated in establishing a novel genetically encoded inhibitor of endocytosis, an invaluable tool for the study of the importance of endocytosis for various cellular processes, including PIN polarity. I demonstrated that apical polarity of PIN2 needs to be re-established after cell division and that this process depends on endocytosis, '+!,(-( protein secretion and the action of WAG1 and related protein kinases, but not transcytosis, cell-cell signaling or intact cytoskeleton. Finally, I identified the previously unknown role of MAB4/MEL proteins in PIN polarity, which lies in the ability of MAB4/MELs to reduce PIN lateral diffusion and thus contribute to PIN polarity maintenance. My results, besides broadening current understanding of PIN polarity regulation, identify mechanisms that...
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Lee, Shin-Han, and 李思涵. "Cloning and Analysis of the Auxin Efflux Carrier Gene in Bitter Gourd." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09714526343559071903.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
90
The putative auxin efflux carrier gene MCm-AEC1 from bitter gourd was isolated from a genomic library constructed in the λEMBL3 vector by screening with pMAEC28 and pMAEC93 cDNAs. Approximately 1.5x106 plaque-forming units were screened by plaque hybridization and 34 putative clones were purified individually. According to the results of dot hybridization and restriction endonuclease site map, the auxin efflux carrier genomic clones were classified into two groups. One of the genomic clones corresponding to pMAEC28,λMCm-AEC1-34, was completely sequenced and characterized. MCm-AEC1 gene in λMCm-AEC1-34, spanning 3,206 base pairs, contains six exons and five introns with consensus AG-GT dinucleotides locating at their boundaries. The amino acid sequences of bitter gourd auxin efflux carrier shows 45.6~76.61% homology to auxin efflux carrier of Arabidopsis, Brassica and rice. The first 26 amino acids are predicted to be a putative signal peptide. Four conserved repeats exist in the polypeptide. The putative TATA and CAAT boxes are 449~455 bp and 570~574 bp upstream from the translation start site in MCm-AEC1, respectively. Several conserved elements responsive to auxin, ethylene, light, salicylic acid and wounding are found in the promoter region. Northern blot analysis indicated that the expression of bitter gourd auxin efflux carrier gene MCm-AEC1 was induced by 10-3 Ｍ IAA, IBA, NAA and 2,4-D. No obvious gene expression was detected in other treatments. To analyze the promoter activity, 3 kb promoter fragment was fused to GUS reporter gene coding sequence for further studies.
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Chan, Hui-Ting, and 詹惠婷. "Cloning and Analysis of the Auxin Efflux Carrier Genes in Bitter Gourd." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42302928488061851040.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
91
MCm-AEC3 gene in genomic clone λMCm-AEC3-16, spanning 3,825 base pairs, contains six exons and five introns with consensus GT-AG dinucleotides locating at their boundaries. The amino acid sequence of bitter gourd auxin efflux carrier MCm-AEC3 shows 44.4 ~ 74.3 % homology to auxin efflux carriers of Arabidopsis, mustard, cucumber, cotton, alfalfa, pea, white poplar and rice. The first 28 amino acids are predicted to be a putative signal peptide. Four conserved repeats exist in the polypeptide. The putative TATA and CAAT box are 207~200 bp and 298~295 bp upstream from the translation start site in MCm-AEC3. Conserved elements responsive to auxin, ethylene, abscisic acid, light, low temperature and wounding are found in the promoter region. Northern blot analysis indicates that the expression of bitter gourd auxin efflux carrier gene MCm-AEC3 can be induced by 10-6 M IBA and 10-5 M 2,4-D. Higher concentration of IAA can induce more accumulation of mRNA, but no obvious gene expression is detected in treatment of NAA. To investigate the promoter activities of auxin efflux carrier genes MCm-AEC1 and MCm-AEC3, p121-28 and p121-93 plasmid was constructed by fusing the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene with promoter fragments and transiently expressed in young leaves, staminate petals and fruit sections from bitter gourd. p121-28 and p121-93 are also transiently expressed in petal discs from Phalaenopsis. The activities of p121-28 and p121-93 are demonstrated. For transient expression in young leaves from bitter gourd by particle bombardment, the distance for delivering DNA coated on 1.7 μm tungsten particle is 6 cm, and the pressure of delivery is 900 psi. For transient expression in staminate petals and fruit sections from bitter gourd by particle bombardment, the distance for delivering DNA coated on 1.7 μm tungsten particle is 6 cm, and the pressure of delivery is 1100 psi. The expression of GUS in staminate petals is higher than others. Arabidopsis plants transformed with p121-93 express GUS activity in shoot meristem, young leaf, as well as stamen. Apical bud does not grow normally in the Arabidopsis plant transformed with p131-93AS.
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Lin, Yun-Shan, and 林韻珊. "Promoter Activity Analyses of Auxin Efflux Carrier Genes from Bitter Gourd（Momordica charantia L.）." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87020687836978763783.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
95
To understand the promoter activities of auxin efflux carrier gene from bitter ground, promoter fragments of two auxin efflux carrier genes, McPIN1 and McPIN3, were transformed into tobacco for analysis. GUS staining was observed in the vein, the basal of leaf , roots and lateral roots of McPIN1::GUS transgenic tobaccos especially in dark color in root cap and root meristem. GUS expression was detected in the leaf, roots, the basal of leaf, and pistil of McPIN3::GUS transgenic tobaccos. The most part of McPIN3 promoter activity in root tip was performed in cortex. The promoter activities could be increased by NAA , IBA, 2,4-D, ethylene, 100 mM ABA, stress of temperate, tropism and drought treatments, and be decreased by BA, kinetin, zeatin, 20 mM ABA, GA3, SA, MeJA, and wounding. The response of McPIN3 promoter activity in leaf to inducements is more sensitive than McPIN1 promoter activity in the basal of the leaf and root tip, which might be affected by growth condition. Whereas there was differential sensation between McPIN1 and McPIN3 promoter activity, they had same trend up or down of the promoter acitivity.
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Book chapters on the topic "Auxin efflux carriers"

1

Hertel, R. "Auxin Transport: Binding of Auxins and Phytotropins to the Carriers. Accumulation into and Efflux from Membrane Vesicles." In Plant Hormone Receptors, 81–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72779-5_8.

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2

Kang, B. G. "Modifications of Auxin Efflux Carrier in the Auxin Transport System by Diethyl Ether and Ethylene." In Plant Hormone Receptors, 113–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72779-5_11.

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