Journal articles: 'AV06'

1

GREEN, DUNCAN L. "Auditor Independence in Canada: A Historical Perspective - From Shareholder Auditors to Modern-Day Audit Committees*." Canadian Accounting Perspectives 5, no. 1 (May 2006): 37–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1506/cgmp-av06-ywg9-rj40.

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Tshireletso, Thalosang, Pilate Moyo, and Matongo Kabani. "Predicting the Effects of Climate Change on Water Temperatures of Roode Elsberg Dam Using Nonparametric Machine Learning Models." Infrastructures 6, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6020014.

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A nonparametric machine learning model was used to study the behaviour of the variables of a concrete arch dam: Roode Elsberg dam. The variables used were ambient temperature, water temperatures, and water level. Water temperature was measured using twelve thermometers; six thermometers were on each flank of the dam. The thermometers were placed in pairs on different levels: avg6 (avg6-R and avg6-L) and avg5 (avg5-R and avg5-L) were on level 47.43 m, avg4 (avg4-R and avg4-L) and avg3 (avg3-R and avg3-L) were on level 43.62 m, and avg2 (avg2-R and avg2-L) and avg1 (avg1-R and avg1-L) were on level 26.23 m. Four neural networks and four random forests were cross-validated to determine their best-performing hyperparameters with the water temperature data. Quantile random forest was the best performer at mtry 7 (Number of variables randomly sampled as candidates at each split) and RMSE (Root mean square error) of 0.0015, therefore it was used for making predictions. The predictions were made using two cases of water level: recorded water level and full dam steady-state at Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 (hot and cold model) and RCP 8.5 (hot and cold model). Ambient temperature increased on average by 1.6 °C for the period 2012–2053 when using recorded water level; this led to increases in water temperature of 0.9 °C, 0.8 °C, and 0.4 °C for avg6-R, avg3-R, and avg1-R, respectively, for the period 2012–2053. The same average temperature increase led to average increases of 0.7 °C for avg6-R, 0.6 °C for avg3-R, and 0.3 °C for avg1-R for a full dam steady-state for the period 2012–2053.

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Rasoolizadeh, Aliyeh, Parthasarathy Santhanam, Caroline Labbé, Sheelavanta Matha Shivaraj, Hugo Germain, and Richard R. Bélanger. "Silicon influences the localization and expression of Phytophthora sojae effectors in interaction with soybean." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 21 (February 24, 2020): 6844–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa101.

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Abstract In plant–pathogen interactions, expression and localization of effectors in the aqueous apoplastic region play a crucial role in the establishment or suppression of pathogen development. Silicon (Si) has been shown to protect plants in several host–pathogen interactions, but its mode of action remains a source of debate. Its deposition in the apoplastic area of plant cells suggests that it might interfere with receptor–effector recognition. In this study, soybean plants treated or not with Si were inoculated with Phytophthora sojae and differences in the ensuing infection process were assessed through different microscopy techniques, transcript analysis of effector and defense genes, and effector (Avr6) localization through immunolocalization and fluorescence labeling. In plants grown without Si, the results showed the rapid (4 d post-inoculation) host recognition by P. sojae through the development of haustorium-like bodies, followed by expression and release of effectors into the apoplastic region. In contrast, Si treatment resulted in limited pathogen development, and significantly lower expression and presence of Avr6 in the apoplastic region. Based on immunolocalization and quantification of Avr6 through fluorescence labeling, our results suggest that the presence of Si in the apoplast interferes with host recognition and/or limits receptor–effector interactions, which leads to an incompatible interaction.

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Thurlow, PJ, L. Doolan, R. Sharp, M. Sullivan, B. Smith, and LW Andersen. "Laboratory studies of the effect of Pall extracorporeal leucocyte filters LG6 and AV6 on patients undergoing coronary bypass grafts." Perfusion 11, no. 1 (January 1996): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765919601100104.

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A total of 14 patients with ischaemic heart disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafts were studied for the effect of AV6 control filter and LG6 neutrophil filter, used in the extracorporeal circulation, on different laboratory parameters. There was no statistical difference between the effects of AV6 and LG6 filters on total white cells, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, platelets or haemoglobin. The expression of neutrophil activation antigens identified with a panel of monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that for the LG6 filter the leucocyte tyrosine phosphate CD45Ro fell during the procedure, whilst there were no significant changes in any of the other neutrophil antigens. The AV6 filter did not significantly diminish the expression of any of the neutrophil antigens. An indirect measure of superoxide production using Dihydrorhodamine 123 identified that the more activated cells appeared to be depleted across the LG6 filter which was not evident with the AV6 filter. These studies indicate that the LG6 is not capable of significantly depleting the neutrophil load generated during extracorporeal circulation but may be capable of selectively removing the more activated forms.

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Gijzen, Mark, Helga Förster, Michael D. Coffey, and Brett Tyler. "Cosegregation of Avr4 and Avr6 in Phytophthora sojae." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 800–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-100.

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The F2 progeny resulting from a cross of Phytophthora sojae race 2 (avirulent on Rps4 and Rps6) and race 7 (virulent on Rps4 and Rps6) were tested for their ability to cause disease on soybean plants carrying the Rps4 or the Rps6 resistance genes. Of 55 F2 progeny analyzed, 41 individuals were avirulent on both of these genes and 14 were virulent on Rps4 and Rps6, indicating that avirulence on Rps4 and Rps6 is dominant and linked. These results support the suggestion that the soybean–Phytophthora relationship is a gene for gene interaction and that the presumptive Avr4 and Avr6 genes are either tightly linked or identical. Keywords: avirulence, genetic mapping, Glycine max, incomplete dominance, Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea.

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Thurlow, PJ, L. Doolan, R. Sharp, M. Sullivan, and B. Smith. "Studies of the effect of Pall leucocyte filters LG6 and AV6 in an in vitro simulated extracorporeal circulatory system." Perfusion 10, no. 5 (September 1995): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765919501000503.

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Neutrophil activation is thought to play a major role in the inflammatory response seen in reperfusion injury and similar clinical situations, i.e. extracorporeal circulation. lmpairment of neutrophil function or reduction of total numbers of neutrophils using a leucocyte filter may be beneficial in reducing the adverse clinical effects. In this study we have investigated the effect of the Pall LG6 and control AV6 filters during simulated in vitro cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Various parameters were evaluated including neutrophils, total leucocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes and platelets, expression of antigens on neutrophils using a panel of leucocyte-associated monoclonal antibodies CD13, 14, 15, 45Ro, 67,11a, 11 b and L selectin. The effects of leucocyte stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and a leucocyte bolus from a patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) were also investigated. We have demonstrated that the LG6 significantly reduces leucocytes, in particular neutrophils, with a modest reduction of lymphocytes, platelets and haematocrit, whereas the AV6 had no effect on leukocytes or neutrophils in the test system. In addition the LG6 was associated with a reduction in expression of all leucocyte antigens by approximately 20%; however there was no appreciable alteration of any of the antigens with AV6. Leucocyte stimulation with PMA resulted in a dramatic decrease of all cellular elements and an extra leucocyte load (using CML leucocytes) was not effectively filtered by the LG6 filter. These studies identify the capacity of the LG6 as compared with the AV6 to deplete activated neutrophils in an in vitro simulated cardiopulmonary bypass circuit.

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Formenti, S. C., S. Jacoby, K. Grant, G. Horan, Weinreb, M. Devitt, and J. Munger. "Antibody to avb6 Integrin Prevents Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 63 (October 2005): S472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.803.

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8

Dou, Daolong, Shiv D. Kale, Tingli Liu, Qinghua Tang, Xia Wang, Felipe D. Arredondo, Shiromi Basnayake, et al. "Different Domains of Phytophthora sojae Effector Avr4/6 Are Recognized by Soybean Resistance Genes Rps4 and Rps6." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 23, no. 4 (April 2010): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-23-4-0425.

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At least 12 avirulence genes have been genetically identified and mapped in Phytophthora sojae, an oomycete pathogen causing root and stem rot of soybean. Previously, the Avr4 and Avr6 genes of P. sojae were genetically mapped within a 24 kb interval of the genome. Here, we identify Avr4 and Avr6 and show that they are actually a single gene, Avr4/6, located near the 24-kb region. Avr4/6 encodes a secreted protein of 123 amino acids with an RXLR-dEER protein translocation motif. Transient expression of Avr4/6 in soybean leaves revealed that its gene product could trigger a hypersensitive response (HR) in the presence of either Rps4 or Rps6. Silencing Avr4/6 in P. sojae stable transformants abolished the avirulence phenotype exhibited on both Rps4 and Rps6 soybean cultivars. The N terminus of Avr4/6, including the dEER motif, is sufficient to trigger Rps4-dependent HR while its C terminus is sufficient to trigger Rps6-mediated HR. Compared with alleles from avirulent races, alleles of Avr4/6 from virulent races possess nucleotide substitutions in the 5′ untranslated region of the gene but not in the protein-coding region.

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9

Tatler, AL, G. Saini, A. Goodwin, O. Gbolohan, RL Clifford, M. Al’Hourani, J. Porte, et al. "S69 Transcriptional Mechanisms Regulating Expression of the Avb6 Integrin in IPF." Thorax 67, Suppl 2 (November 19, 2012): A34.3—A35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.075.

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10

Mohamad, Amir Ashraf, Fadhlan Hafizhelmi Kamaru Zaman, and Fazlina Ahmat Ruslan. "Improving steering convergence in autonomous vehicle steering control." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i1.pp279-285.

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<p>Steering control is a critical design element in autonomous vehicle development since it will determine whether the vehicle can navigate safely or not. For the prototype of UiTM Autonomous Vehicle 0 (UiTM AV0), Vexta motor is used to control the steering whereas Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal is responsible to drive the motor. However, by using PWM signal it is difficult to converge to the desired steering angle and furthermore time taken for steering angle to converge is much longer. Thus, Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) has been introduced in this autonomous vehicle steering controller to improve the convergence of the steering. Meanwhile a microcontroller was used to control the Vexta Motor direction and perform the calculation of the desired steering angle. Simulation results showed PID controller showed better time taken and preicison of successful convergence of the desired steering angle compared to the PWM controller. Analysis results showed that PID controller significantly reduce the overshooting of steering angle and significantly improve the time taken for convergence by up to 37 seconds faster than PWM controller in UiTM AV0.</p>

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11

Patsenker, E., L. Wilkens, V. Banz, A. Keogh, D. Stroka, and F. Stickel. "808 AVB6 INTEGRIN IS A HIGHLY SPECIFIC HISTOLOGIC MARKER IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA." Journal of Hepatology 50 (April 2009): S296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(09)60810-2.

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12

Gattano, C., S. B. Lambert, and K. Le Bail. "Extragalactic radio source stability and VLBI celestial reference frame: insights from the Allan standard deviation." Astronomy & Astrophysics 618 (October 2018): A80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833430.

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Aims. We investigate the composition of the noise in coordinate time series of several hundreds of extragalactic radio sources monitored by the geodetic VLBI program since 1979. The noise type is identified at all available timescales longer than one year, following the observational history of the source. Methods. We computed the Allan standard deviation of coordinate time series and developed a Monte Carlo test to evaluate the influence of the irregular sampling and error on data onto the noise type identification. We classified the radio sources into three categories depending on their type of noise and taking into account the dominating noise at different timescales: from the category AV0, which contains sources with a stable behavior at all timescales, to the category AV2, which contains sources whose coordinates are dominated by random walks at the longest timescales. Results. We found that almost no source exhibited “idealized” white noise. Only 5% of the 647 sources we studied belong to the category AV0 (stable sources). Moreover, we found that this class contains sources with relatively short observational histories, suggesting that after some years, a source whose astrometric position has shown a stable behavior is likely to become unstable. This questions the existence of the stable source paradigm and adds complementary information in the crucial task of selecting sources on which to base the axes of the celestial reference frame.

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Shim, Minsuk K., and Sung J. Shim. "Mobile Computing in Higher Education: Faculty Perceptions of Benefits and Barriers." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 29, no. 4 (June 2001): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/wg4n-bqa0-uf4e-av0u.

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14

Lynton, Holly, and Peter Salovey. "The Effects of Mood on Expository Writing." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 17, no. 2 (October 1997): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pqek-cheb-av0y-7jb4.

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Past research has shown that analytical writing and problem solving may be influenced by mood and that experiencing intense mood states may be a catalyst for creativity. This experiment sought to test the hypothesis that good and bad moods have differential effects on expository writing. Sixty-two participants were asked to write a fictional story, a non-fictional story, or story of their choosing when they were in either a good or a bad mood. They then completed a questionnaire that assessed their mood again. The results of this study showed that good moods were associated with the stories that expressed positive emotions, used a narrative style, and conveyed concrete concepts, but bad moods were associated with the stories that expressed negative emotions, used a diary style, and discussed abstract concepts.

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Fries, Cara R., D. Katherine Beidleman, and Jay F. Custer. "Analysis of Parasites from 19th Century Privy Contexts, Wilmington, Delaware." North American Archaeologist 11, no. 1 (July 1990): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/q8gu-av04-xg40-rfn6.

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16

Bowling, Ann. "Who Dies after Widow(Er)Hood? A Discriminant Analysis." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 19, no. 2 (October 1989): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/j9pn-av0j-90vt-bfvj.

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A random sample of 503 elderly widowed people was flagged by the British Office of Population Censuses and Surveys for six years after their bereavement. Excess mortality after widow(er)hood was found for males aged seventy-five and over, in comparison with males of the same ages in the general population. Bivariate analyses showed a relationship between social, demographic, psychological, and some physiologically related variables (e.g., medication taking) and mortality. Multivariate analysis showed that the most powerful discriminating variables, independently associated with mortality, were: age seventy-five plus, a low happiness rating by interviewers, social class I and II, male sex, and having no one to telephone. It appears that those in older age groups and males may be more vulnerable after bereavement; it is also possible that certain social contact and a happier disposition may have modifying effects on the stress of bereavement and risk factors associated with subsequent mortality.

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Cathcart, Polly S. "The Pleasures of Medical Technology." Laboratory Medicine 32, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1309/av07-w339-m8n3-lc3v.

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Massey, ART, Viki, Zafar Hussain, MD, FRCP(C), Daniel B. Gregson, MD, FRCP(C), Michael A. John, MBChB, FRCP(C), Abdul H. Chagla, PhD, and Miriam Storey, ART. "Clinical Usefulness of Components of the Triage Immunoassay, Enzyme Immunoassay for Toxins A and B, and Cytotoxin B Tissue Culture Assay for the Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile Diarrhea." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 119, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1309/u8at-l52q-60xy-avx6.

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Ben-Artzi, Elisheva, Mario Mikulincer, and Hanania Glaubman. "The Multifaceted Nature of Self-Consciousness: Conceptualization, Measurement, and Consequences." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 15, no. 1 (September 1995): 17–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/av07-y0k1-8d71-fbaa.

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The present work involves the reconceptualization of self-consciousness as a multifaceted process. In the first study, subjects were asked to freely describe the contents of their thoughts when thinking about themselves. Content analyses resulted in the definition of specific categories of self-consciousness which were found to overlap partly with basic dimensions of the self-concept. In the second study, a valid and reliable self-report questionnaire of self-consciousness was developed, comprising fourteen separate factors. In the third study, different patterns of self-consciousness were found to be associated with depression, anxiety, self-disclosure, and loneliness. The theoretical and empirical implications of conceptualizing self-consciousness as a multiple-content phenomenon are discussed.

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Yang, C., and A. C. Jackson. "Basis of neurovirulence of avirulent rabies virus variant Av01 with stereotaxic brain inoculation in mice." Journal of General Virology 73, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-73-4-895.

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Chahomchuen, Thippayarat, Kana Hondo, Mariko Ohsaki, Takayuki Sekito, and Yoshimi Kakinuma. "Evidence for Avt6 as a vacuolar exporter of acidic amino acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells." Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 55, no. 6 (2009): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2323/jgam.55.409.

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Tariq, Huma, Muhammad Zia, Ihsan-ul-Haq, Syed Aun Muhammad, Shujaat Ali Khan, Nighat Fatima, Abdul Mannan, Arshad Mehmood Abbasi, and Mingxing Zhang. "Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and Protein Kinase Inhibition Potential in Aloe vera L." BioMed Research International 2019 (July 28, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6478187.

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Aloe vera is a multifunctional plant that has gained acceptance as an excellent home remedy source in Asia and the world. The present study was intended to evaluate the phytochemical contents and in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and protein kinase inhibition activities in different fractions of A. vera leaf. Methanolic extract of A. vera leaves was fractionated using column chromatography and ten fractions (AV1-AV10) were obtained. Phenolics composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and protein kinase inhibition activities were evaluated using standard protocols. Well-known compounds of A. vera were used for in silico study against enzymes involved in brine shrimp and antileishmanial and hyphae formation inhibition assay on the basis of results. Five fractions (AV3 to AV7) possess potential total phenolics and flavonoids contents along with significant biological activities. AV4 fraction exhibited the highest total phenolics content 332.4 ± 32.6μg GAE/mg and total antioxidant activity 150.4 ± 25.815μg AAE/mg determined by phosphomolybdenum complex assay. Fraction AV6 showed 95% antileishmanial effect as well as the lowest LD50 value of 0.5305μg/mL in brine shrimp lethality assay. The Protein Kinase inhibition potential in A. vera leaves was determined for the first time and three fractions AV1, AV6, and AV7 depicted activity with the highest zone of inhibition up to 21±0.5mm (AV7). Docking analysis showed that A. vera contains anthraquinones, anthrones, chromones, and polysaccharides responsible for synergistic cytotoxic, antileishmanial, antibacterial, and antioxidant potential of this plant. Therefore, with more studies, A. vera could probably have the potential to be used for drug development against leishmaniasis.

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Sato, Akane, Takumi Kimura, Kana Hondo, Miyuki Kawano-Kawada, and Takayuki Sekito. "The vacuolar amino acid transport system is a novel, direct target of GATA transcription factors." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 85, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 587–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbaa041.

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ABSTRACT In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Avt4 exports neutral and basic amino acids from vacuoles. Previous studies have suggested that the GATA transcription factors, Gln3 and Gat1, which are key regulators that adapt cells in response to changes in amino acid status, are involved in the AVT4 transcription. Here, we show that mutations in the putative GATA-binding sites of the AVT4 promoter reduced AVT4 expression. Consistently, a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay revealed that Gat1-Myc13 binds to the AVT4 promoter. Previous microarray results were confirmed that gln3∆gat1∆ cells showed a decrease in expression of AVT1 and AVT7, which also encode vacuolar amino acid transporters. Additionally, ChIP analysis revealed that the AVT6 encoding vacuolar acidic amino acid exporter represents a new direct target of the GATA transcription factor. The broad effect of the GATA transcription factors on the expression of AVT transporters suggests that vacuolar amino acid transport is integrated into cellular amino acid homeostasis.

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Patsenker, E., V. Schneider, M. Ledermann, H. Saegesser, A. Keogh, and F. Stickel. "P61 avb6 INTEGRIN ANTAGONISM IMPEDES SPHEROID FORMATION OF TUMOR CELLS IN VITRO AND CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA PROGRESSION IN VIVO." Journal of Hepatology 60, no. 1 (April 2014): S87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(14)60224-5.

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Rudran, B., C. Reader, J. Foster, K. Hodivala-Dilke, J. Sosabowski, and J. Marshall. "P1.03-19 Antibody Blockade of Integrin Alpha-V-Beta-6 (avb6) as a Novel Treatment for NSCLC." Journal of Thoracic Oncology 13, no. 10 (October 2018): S518—S519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.700.

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Whisson, Stephen C., Shiromi Basnayake, Donald J. Maclean, John A. G. Irwin, and Andre Drenth. "Phytophthora sojae avirulence genes Avr4 and Avr6 are located in a 24kb, recombination-rich region of genomic DNA." Fungal Genetics and Biology 41, no. 1 (January 2004): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2003.08.007.

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Marsh, Daniel, H. Kogelberg, K. Vigor, Q. Pankhurst, J. Chana, and K. Chester. "The avß6 integrin - a novel target for antibody conjugated magnetic fluid hyperthermia for therapy in squamous cell carcinoma." European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) 34, no. 10 (October 2008): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2008.06.037.

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Narayanan Nair, Dhanya, and S. Padmavathy. "Molecular Docking Studies of Phytocompounds from Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. having Anticancer Property, against an Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Protein." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 14, no. 4 (December 25, 2017): 1449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2590.

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ABSTRACT: B-cell lymphocyte-2 (Bcl-2) is an antiapoptotic protein, which is an important member of Bcl-2 family. The current study involves molecular docking of six antineoplastic phytocompounds from Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. against the protein Bcl-2. Docetaxel, a known inhibitor of Bcl-2 was used as a control in this study. All the studied phytocompounds bound within the same binding pocket as that of Docetaxel and thus can be considered as potential inhibitors of Bcl-2 protein. Among the six phytocompounds studied, AVG4 showed the best docking result, with a minimum pharmacological energy, -198.9 kcal/mol, followed by AVG6 and AVG3 as the second and third best phytocompound while AVL3 has the maximum pharmacological energy -103.8 kcal/mol. AVL3 is involved in cation-pi interactions with the Tyr9 residue of the Bcl-2 protein which is not considered while calculating pharmacological energy scoring function. Calculation of energy due to cation-pi interactions may result in the increase in total binding energy of AVL3, which may significantly increase the pharmacological energy, EPharma by approximately -8 kcal/mol, resulting in another potential anticancer phytocompound.

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Ao, Mingtao, Zhenrui Pan, Yuqing Qian, Bowen Tang, Zeming Feng, Hua Fang, Zhen Wu, Jingwei Chen, Yuhua Xue, and Meijuan Fang. "Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of AV6 derivatives as novel dual reactivators of latent HIV-1." RSC Advances 8, no. 31 (2018): 17279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra01216d.

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Hales, Antonio S., Michael J. Barlow, Janet E. Drew, Yvonne C. Unruh, Robert Greimel, Michael J. Irwin, and Eduardo González-Solares. "IPHAS A-type Stars with Mid-IR Excesses in Spitzer Surveys." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, H15 (November 2009): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310011932.

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AbstractThe Isaac Newton Photometric H-Alpha Survey (IPHAS) provides (r′-Hα)-(r′-i′) colors, which can be used to select AV0-5 Main Sequence star candidates (age~20-200 Myr). By combining a sample of 23050 IPHAS-selected A-type stars with 2MASS, GLIMPSE and MIPSGAL photometry we searched for mid-infrared excesses attributable to dusty circumstellar disks. Positional cross-correlation yielded a sample of 2692 A-type stars, of which 0.6% were found to have 8-μm excesses above the expected photospheric values. The low fraction of main sequence stars with mid-IR excesses found in this work indicates that dust disks in the terrestrial planet zone of Main Sequence intermediate mass stars are rare. Dissipation mechanisms such as photo-evaporation, grain growth, collisional grinding or planet formation could possibly explain the depletion of dust detected in the inner regions of these disks.

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Popova, Pavlinka, Yancho Zarev, Rositsa Mihaylova, Georgi Momekov, and Iliana Ionkova. "Antiproliferative activity of extract from in vitro callus cultures of Astragalus vesicarius ssp. carniolicus (A. Kern.) Chater." Pharmacia 68, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e63421.

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Five isoflavonoids, i.e. 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2’, 5’-dihydroxyisoflavone (AV4), 5, 7-dihydroxy-4’-methoxyisoflavone (AV6), 7-methoxy-5-hydroxy-4’-methoxy-2’-hydroxyisoflavone (AV7), 8-pregnyl genistein (AV9), 5,7-dihydroxy-8-pregnyl-4’-methoxy-2’-hydroxyisoflavone (AV10) and one coumarochromone – sophorophenolone (AV8) were isolated from EtOAc of in vitro callus cultures of Astragalus vesicarius ssp. carniolicus, after enzymatic hydrolysis with β-glucosidase. Their structures were tentatively elucidated by spectroscopic mean (1H NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectra). Antiproliferative activity of EtOAc extract and isolated aglycones against chemosensitive human promyelocyte cell line HL-60 and its multidrug-resistant variant HL-60/Dox was assessed in vitro. Despite the strong activity of EtOAc (IC50 8.8 µg/mL (HL-6, 72 h) to 11.8 µg/mL (HL-60/Dox, 72 h)), prenylated compound AV9 showed also antiproliferative activity – 36.1 µg/mL (HL-60 and HL-60/Dox, 72 h).

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Na, Ren, Dan Yu, Dinah Qutob, Jun Zhao, and Mark Gijzen. "Deletion of the Phytophthora sojae Avirulence Gene Avr1d Causes Gain of Virulence on Rps1d." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 26, no. 8 (August 2013): 969–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-02-13-0036-r.

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Phytophthora sojae is an oomycete and a pathogen of soybean that causes root rot. During infection P. sojae delivers effector proteins into host cells to foster disease. However, effector-triggered immunity (ETI) results when pathogen factors are recognized by host resistance (R) proteins. We have now identified the P. sojae Avr1d gene, which encodes a predicted effector protein with the amino acid motif Arg-X-Leu-Arg (RXLR). Genetic mapping of 16 different P. sojae isolates and of a segregating F2 population of 40 individuals shows that the predicted RXLR effector gene Avh6 precisely cosegregates with the Avr1d phenotype. Transient expression assays confirm that Avr1d triggers cell death specifically in Rps1d soybean plants. The Avr1d gene is present in P. sojae strains that are avirulent on Rps1d, whereas the gene is deleted from the genome of virulent strains. Two sequence variants of the Avr1d gene encoding different protein products occur in P. sojae strains, but both are recognized by Rps1d and cause ETI. Liposome binding assays show that Avr1d has affinity for phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and that binding can be disrupted by mutation of lysine residues in the carboxy-terminal effector domain of the protein. The identification of Avr1d aids pathogen diagnostics and soybean cultivar development.

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Vecchio, Mercurio, Monica Currò, Fabio Trimarchi, Sergio Naccari, Daniela Caccamo, Riccardo Ientile, Davide Barreca, and Debora Di Mauro. "The Oxidative Stress Response in Elite Water Polo Players: Effects of Genetic Background." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7019694.

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Acute exercise is known to induce oxidative stress. Here we assessed the effects of gene polymorphisms SOD2 A16V, CAT −844 G>A, and GPx-1 rs1800668 C>T on oxidative stress markers in 28 elite water polo male players prior to and after a routinely programmed friendly match. The mean plasma concentrations of derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (dROMs), as well as lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, creatine kinase (CK) activity, CK-MB, and myoglobin, were significantly increased after exercise, while blood antioxidant potential (BAP) and total free thiols were significantly decreased, compared with those measured before exercise. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were also increased after exercise but not significantly. We observed that water polo players having either AV16 or VV16 SOD genotype exhibited a significant increase of postexercise AOPP, LDH, CK, and myoglobin plasma levels in comparison with wild-type athletes. Water polo players having either CAT −844 GA or GPx1 CT genotype showed a significant increase of postexercise dROMs plasma levels and, respectively, GPx and CAT enzyme activities in comparison with wild-type subjects. These preliminary results suggest that the screening for gene variants of antioxidant enzymes could be useful to assess individual susceptibility to oxidative stress and muscle damage in water polo players.

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Banks, William A., Priyanka Sharma, Kristin M. Bullock, Kim M. Hansen, Nils Ludwig, and Theresa L. Whiteside. "Transport of Extracellular Vesicles across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Brain Pharmacokinetics and Effects of Inflammation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 12 (June 21, 2020): 4407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124407.

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Extracellular vesicles can cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), but little is known about passage. Here, we used multiple-time regression analysis to examine the ability of 10 exosome populations derived from mouse, human, cancerous, and non-cancerous cell lines to cross the BBB. All crossed the BBB, but rates varied over 10-fold. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an activator of the innate immune system, enhanced uptake independently of BBB disruption for six exosomes and decreased uptake for one. Wheatgerm agglutinin (WGA) modulated transport of five exosome populations, suggesting passage by adsorptive transcytosis. Mannose 6-phosphate inhibited uptake of J774A.1, demonstrating that its BBB transporter is the mannose 6-phosphate receptor. Uptake rates, patterns, and effects of LPS or WGA were not predicted by exosome source (mouse vs. human) or cancer status of the cell lines. The cell surface proteins CD46, AVβ6, AVβ3, and ICAM-1 were variably expressed but not predictive of transport rate nor responses to LPS or WGA. A brain-to-blood efflux mechanism variably affected CNS retention and explains how CNS-derived exosomes enter blood. In summary, all exosomes tested here readily crossed the BBB, but at varying rates and by a variety of vesicular-mediated mechanisms involving specific transporters, adsorptive transcytosis, and a brain-to-blood efflux system.

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Thomas, Pious, and Reshmi Upreti. "Significant Effects Due to Peptone in Kelman Medium on Colony Characteristics and Virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum in Tomato." Open Microbiology Journal 8, no. 1 (October 31, 2014): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801408010095.

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The study was taken up to assess if the media constituents played any role in governing the variable colony characteristics or pathogenicity of the bacterial wilt pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum cultured on the widely employed Kelman medium. The effects due to the constituents 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), peptone, casein hydrolysate and glucose on colony characteristics were investigated using -80°C stored culture of strain ‘NH-Av01’ (race 1, biovar 3) isolated from tomato. Comparing the pigment inducing TTC from two brands, its source or mode of storage/incorporation did not impart any significant effects. The source of peptone, on the other hand, displayed striking effects on the extent of colony growth, fluidity and red pigmentation depending on type, brand or batch / lot of manufacture as documented with 20 different formulations. Significant differences in the pathogenicity of isolate derived from different peptone sources in seedling-challenge assay on tomato were observed. The observations on peptone effects were endorsed with four other isolates belonging to distinct geographic locations, crops (eggplant, chilli, ginger) or races (race 1 or 4). The peptone source did not influence the pathogen-responses in biovar tests but notably altered the pattern of lawn formation and inhibition zone development during antagonistic assays. Casein hydrolysate displayed some variable effects while glucose source had no effect. This study brings to light the significant modifying effects by the peptone-constituent in Kelman medium on the physiology of R. solanacearum and the virulence of isolate and the need to consider the source of media components during culture maintenance, host-pathogen interaction studies or microbe-microbe interaction investigations.

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Dienanta, Savira Butsainah, Ayik Rochyatul Jannah, Faiza Rahma Ebnudesita, and Reny I'tishom. "The Effectiveness of Depigmentation, Interleukin-1B, and Transforming Growth Factor-B Antibodies in Activating and Increasing Collagenase in Keloid as Adjuvant Therapy After Scar Excision." Indonesian Andrology and Biomedical Journal 2, no. 1 (June 12, 2021): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/iabj.v2i1.38.

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Background: Keloid is an abnormal scar in previously traumatic skin after going through the wound healing process. One hundred million cases have been found in developing countries with the main complaint of scar appearances. To overcome this problem, 24 literatures from various journals and textbooks are reviewed. Reviews: Keloid formation is based on high melanin amount which inhibits the collagenase enzyme. Moreover, the high melanin amount would block interleukin (IL)-1B work resulting in collagen synthesis and collagenase reduction. Depigmentation effort with 4% hydroquinone is implemented to reduce the amount of melanin presented in the skin. With melanin reduction, IL-1B can work optimally by inhibiting fibroblast growth in keloid tissue without affecting on normal skin. It also induces Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 which is an interstitial collagenase. IL-1B has an opposing effect compared to Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-B, thus TGF-B antibody is needed to potentiate IL-1B therapeutic effect. TGF-B antibody can neutralize TGF-B ligand and avB6 integrin resulting in blocking of COL1A1 gene expression which is responsible for MMP-1 production and type-I collagen synthesis. These three components are combined in cream with liposome as a drug carrier. This combination is applicated for adjuvant therapy after scar excision. Liposomes are chosen because of their high biocompatibility, low toxicity, and low biodegradability. Liposomes also can release slowly in the extravascular area such as skin. This advantage may carry drug components effectively to the target location. Summary: The combination of depigmentation, IL-1B, and TGF-B antibodies has a potency to be developed as a future adjuvant therapy of keloid.

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Fabris, L., L. Locatelli, C. Spirlì, M. Cadamuro, S. Lecchi, C. M. Morell, Y. Popov, D. Schuppan, and M. Strazzabosco. "OC.05.1 MONOCYTE/MACROPHAGE PERIBILIARY RECRUITMENT BY PKHD1-DEFECTIVE CHOLANGIOCYTES INDUCES EXPRESSION OF AVB6 INTEGRIN ON BILIARY CYSTS VIA TGFB1 AND TNFA IN CONGENITAL HEPATIC FIBROSIS." Digestive and Liver Disease 44 (March 2012): S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1590-8658(12)60174-1.

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Bertolini, Gladson Ricardo Flor, Taciane Stein da Silva, Adriano Polican Ciena, and Elisângela Lourdes Artifon. "Comparação do ultrassom pulsado e contínuo no reparo tendíneo de ratos." Fisioterapia e Pesquisa 19, no. 3 (September 2012): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1809-29502012000300009.

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No tratamento de lesões tendíneas, o uso do ultrassom surge como possibilidade terapêutica, apesar de lacunas sobre seus efeitos clínicos. O objetivo foi avaliar dois protocolos de ultrassom terapêutico sobre dor e edema após trauma tendíneo. Vinte e um ratos Wistar foram submetidos a trauma no tendão calcâneo e divididos em três grupos: sham (GS); ultrassom contínuo (GUC); e ultrassom pulsado (GUP). O trauma ocorreu sobre a face lateral do tendão calcâneo direito, com energia de 0,40 J. A dor foi avaliada pelo teste de incapacidade funcional e o edema, pelo diâmetro laterolateral. Foram realizadas avaliações previamente à lesão; após 1 hora da indução da lesão; após o 1º tratamento; 2, 8 e 24 horas após lesão; e após o 5º dia. O tratamento ocorreu em 5 dias, com transdutor de 1 MHz, durante 3 minutos, sobre o local do trauma, com dose de 0,4 W/cm² SATA. Os resultados da incapacidade funcional para GS mostraram aumento da nocicepção. Para GUC houve aumento ao comparar a avaliação 1 (AV1) com as avaliações 2 (AV2), 3 (AV3) e 4 (AV4); ao comparar AV2 com as avaliações 5 (AV5) e 6 (AV6) houve diminuição de valores. Para GUP houve aumento ao comparar AV1 com AV2 e AV3, mas ao comparar AV2 com as seguintes, houve diminuição significativa a partir de AV4. Para o edema, os grupos tratados produziram aumento inicial, com redução nas últimas avaliações. O ultrassom terapêutico produziu diminuição de dor e edema, mais precocemente para a forma pulsada.

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Manning, Jared R., Birgitta Mitchell, Daniel Anand Appadurai, Loren Ornelas, and Gerald J. Spangrude. "Ascorbic Acid Promotes Increased mRNA Expression of Rearranged TCR-Alpha and TCR-Beta Genes During In Vitro T Cell Development." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 2623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.2623.2623.

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Abstract Abstract 2623 Introduction: A complete understanding of factors that drive T cell differentiation from hematopoietic progenitors remains a fundamental goal of hematology. T cells are key regulators and effectors in defense against infections and malignancies. Aberrations in T cell regulation play causative roles in autoimmune and graft-versus-host disease. The OP9-DL1 stromal cell line enables investigation of lymphocyte development in vitro. Lymphocyte progenitors (KLS, Thy1.1 -) harvested from murine adult bone marrow and seeded onto the OP9-DL1 stromal line can be followed through stages of maturation by immunophenotyping. We previously demonstrated that addition of a stabilized form of vitamin C, phospho-ascobate (pAsc), to culture media promoted T lineage differentiation. To address the mechanism of this effect, we employed quantitative RT-PCR and spectratyping analysis to examine mRNA expression of rearranged complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) polymorphisms in T cell receptor (TCR) beta variable (BV) and alpha variable (AV) genes in the presence or absence of pASC. Methods: Lymphocyte progenitor cells (KLS, Thy1.1-) were sorted from adult mouse bone marrow and 1000–2000 progenitors were seeded per well in a 24 well plate coated with OP9-DL1 stromal cells. Cultures were supplemented with IL-7 (5 ng/ml), Flt3 ligand (5 ng/mL) and SCF (100 ng/mL) plus or minus pAsc (100 mcg/mL). Cells were passaged, counted and reseeded with fresh media and supplements twice a week over a 21 day period. Immunophenotype and viability were evaluated by flow cytometry. Markers for T cell development included CD44, CD25, CD3, CD4, CD8, TCR beta chain and TCR gamma-delta chains. Total RNA from cultured cells was isolated at day 21, reverse transcribed to cDNA, and analyzed by RT-PCR for differential expression of BV and AV genes using gene-specific primers for BV1, BV4, BV8.2, BV13, AV2, and AV8 with corresponding beta constant (BC) and alpha constant (AC) primers. For spectratyping, RT-PCR amplicons were generated using BV or AV gene-specific primers for BV1, BV4, BV8.2, BV13, AV1, AV2, AV5, AV8, AV10, AV13, AV16, AV18, and AV19 with corresponding BC and AC primers. These products were then re-amplified with the same gene-specific primers but with fluorochrome-labeled nested BC or AC primers. Spectratype analysis was performed on labeled amplicons by capillary electrophoresis. Results: T cell differentiation was markedly advanced by the addition of pAsc, with the majority of cells co-expressing CD4/CD8 and TCR beta/CD3. Transfection of a functionally rearranged TCR beta gene failed to rescue cells cultured without pAsc to the double positive stage; similar results were obtained with bone marrow cells derived from TCR alpha-beta transgenic donor mice. Cells cultured with pAsc demonstrated an average 5 fold increase (5.08 ± 0.40) in expression of BV genes and an average 13 fold increase (13.46 ± 2.18) of AV genes. pAsc did not induce alterations in the spectratype distributions of BV amplicons compared those generated under non-pAsc conditions, nor to distributions derived from thymic cDNA. However, spectratype distributions of AV amplicons generated under pAsc conditions more closely resembled those derived from thymic and lymph node cDNA than distributions generated from non-pAsc conditions. Conclusions: In our in vitro model, the addition of pAsc promotes robust differentiation of adult mouse bone marrow progenitors to T cells co-expressing CD4/CD8 and alpha-beta TCR. However, the mechanism by which pAsc exerts its effect remains elusive. We suspect that pAsc enhances an already pre-programmed process. The fact that transfection of a functional TCR beta gene fails to rescue differentiation, coupled with our observation that pAsc has no effect on BV spectratypes suggests that enhancement of beta selection is not involved. Rather, the AV spectratyping data suggest that pAsc exerts its effect temporally near alpha gene rearrangement, possibly via enhancement of the TCR signal transduction cascade. Further work will include PCR microarray analysis encompassing multiple signal transduction cascades involved in hematopoietic progenitor differentiation. These findings will help develop a model for future mechanistic studies and for ex vivo expansion of immune cells for therapeutic use. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Pecker, Lydia H., Eli Salzberg, Shruti Chaturvedi, Ni Zhao, Mindy S. Christianson, and Sophie M. Lanzkron. "Anti-Mullerian Hormone, a Measure of Ovarian Reserve, Is Low in Female Subjects in the Multi-Center Study of Hydroxyurea." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-122137.

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Introduction: Whether sickle cell disease (SCD) or its primary treatment, hydroxyurea (HU), limits reproductive potential in affected women is unknown. Females are born with a finite number of eggs. Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH), produced by immature ovarian follicles, is an established method to measure ovarian reserve. Two studies of AMH, one in adolescents with SCD and another in adult women with SCD exist, but neither normal AMH values nor the effect of HU on AMH are established in girls and women with SCD. The purpose of this study is to evaluate AMH levels in women who participated in the seminal study that led to FDA-approval for HU in adults with SCD, the Multi-Center Study of Hydroxyurea (MSH). Methods: The MSH was a randomized placebo-controlled trial (RCT) of HU. The RCT demonstrated HU's efficacy, so a 10-year MSH extension study was conducted to assess HU's potential for "mutagenesis, teratogenesis and oncogenesis". Although no samples from the RCT remain, serum samples (n=285) were available for many women in the follow-up study (n=93). We measured AMH in these samples using the CLIA-certified electrochemiluminescence assay in clinical use at our institution (Esoterix Labs, Calabasas Hills, CA). The assay's reference median AMH in women ages 26 - 30 years is 4.20 ng/mL, and in women 36 - 40 years is 1.69 ng/mL. The assay's lower limit of detection is 0.015ng/mL. Samples with AMH levels beneath the detection limit were run in duplicate when sufficient sample existed; this did not change any results. Here, we report AMH levels in female subjects (n=57) with a serum sample from the first annual follow-up visit (AV01). Descriptive statistics with median values reported for non-parametric variables (Mann Whitney U Test) were performed. AMH < 1 is associated with diminished ovarian reserve, a risk factor for shortened reproductive lifespan, infertility and poor outcomes with assisted reproductive technology. Therefore, we categorized AMH as normal (>/= 1 ng/ml) and low (<1 ng/ml). We initially evaluated factors associated with low AMH using the chi-squared and Mann Whitney U test for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. We then performed logistic regression analysis to evaluate the independent association of age, BMI, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and months of HU exposure with AMH levels. Results: Samples from the first post-study visit were available for 57 women; the median time to first post-study visit was 31 months (IQR 6.5) after RCT closure. Median values for the cohort were: AMH, 0.306ng/ml (IQR 1.162), age, 32.50 years (IQR 11), MCV, 102.0 fl (IQR 15.8), and HU exposure, 23.92 months (IQR 30.72). Figure 1 shows AMH distribution in the cohort. AMH levels were low in 77% (44 of 57) of the cohort. Table 1 compares patient characteristics of subjects with low AMH (n=44) versus normal AMH (n=13). In univariate analysis, subjects with low AMH were older (34.5 vs 24.5, p<0.001) and had larger MCV (105.55 vs 95.80, p=0.002). Median HU exposure time did not reach significance between low and normal AMH groups (33 months vs 17 months, p=0.055). In a logistic regression model, age [OR 1.252, (95% CI 1.066, 1.014), p=0.006] and MCV [OR 1.139, (95% CI 1.014, 1.279), p=0.028] were associated with low AMH while duration of exposure to HU [OR 1.01 (95% CI 0.91, 1.09), p=0.364], body mass index [OR 1.07 (95% CI 0.91, 1.25), P=0.442] and ANC [OR 1.39 (95% CI 0.91, 2.13), p=0.127) were not associated with low AMH. Conclusions: Most women (77%) in this cohort had low AMH, associated with older age and higher MCV. This preliminary analysis raises concerns about diminished ovarian reserve in women with SCD. Although months of HU exposure was not associated with low AMH, HU exposure does not account for adherence, which is a major limitation in most sickle cell studies. MCV which increases with consistent HU use and is a biological proxy measure of the last 3-months of HU adherence, was associated with low AMH. Ovarian reserve was not a planned endpoint in the MSH. A prospective study of ovarian reserve in women with SCD is needed to understand how the physiology of SCD itself or exposure to HU may influence multiple fertility endpoints. Disclosures Chaturvedi: Shire/Takeda: Research Funding; Sanofi: Consultancy; Alexion: Consultancy. Lanzkron:PCORI: Research Funding; NIH: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Global Blood Therapeutics: Research Funding; Ironwood: Research Funding; HRSA: Research Funding.

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"Eleventh Applied Vision Association Christmas Meeting Aston University, Birmingham, UK 18 December 2006." Perception 36, no. 2 (February 2007): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/ava06.

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Редюшев, Andrey Redyushev, Цыпленков, Andrey Cyplenkov, Шуков, Oleg Shukov, Топоров, and Evgeniy Toporov. "Vibration Velocity Sensor AV02 with HART Protocol." NDT World, August 23, 2017, 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_599d8662a8be22.99269262.

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Kracklauer, Martin P., Christian Schmidt, and Guido M. Sclabas. "Retraction Note: TGFβ1 signaling via aVβ6 integrin." Molecular Cancer 3, no. 1 (January 14, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-3-2.

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"Postprocessing in der additiven Fertigung: ohne Pneumatik geht es nicht." Konstruktion 70, no. 03 (2018): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0720-5953-2018-03-38.

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Auch bei der additiven Fertigung gibt es vor- und nachgelagerte Prozesse, die – ebenso wie bei der konventionellen Fertigung – für die Qualität der fertigen Werkstücke unabdingbar sind. Eine geschützte Reinigungskabine für additiv gefertigte Bauteile der Firma Solukon ist mit Pneumatikkomponenten von Aventics ausgestattet. In zukünftigen Kabinen werden die neue Ventilserie AV05 sowie CCL-Zylinder verbaut.

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Moolnangdeaw, Apiwat, Claire Stenhouse, and Cheryl Ashworth. "The role of integrin AVB6 in the regulation of foetal growth in pigs." Reproduction Abstracts, August 22, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/repabs.3.o029.

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Haupka, Carsten, Luciana F. Brito, Tobias Busche, Daniel Wibberg, and Volker F. Wendisch. "Genomic and Transcriptomic Investigation of the Physiological Response of the Methylotroph Bacillus methanolicus to 5-Aminovalerate." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (April 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.664598.

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The methylotrophic thermophile Bacillus methanolicus can utilize the non-food substrate methanol as its sole carbon and energy source. Metabolism of L-lysine, in particular its biosynthesis, has been studied to some detail, and methanol-based L-lysine production has been achieved. However, little is known about L-lysine degradation, which may proceed via 5-aminovalerate (5AVA), a non-proteinogenic ω-amino acid with applications in bioplastics. The physiological role of 5AVA and related compounds in the native methylotroph was unknown. Here, we showed that B. methanolicus exhibits low tolerance to 5AVA, but not to related short-chain (C4–C6) amino acids, diamines, and dicarboxylic acids. In order to gain insight into the physiological response of B. methanolicus to 5AVA, transcriptomic analyses by differential RNA-Seq in the presence and absence of 5AVA were performed. Besides genes of the general stress response, RNA levels of genes of histidine biosynthesis, and iron acquisition were increased in the presence of 5AVA, while an Rrf2 family transcriptional regulator gene showed reduced RNA levels. In order to test if mutations can overcome growth inhibition by 5AVA, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) was performed and two mutants—AVA6 and AVA10—with higher tolerance to 5AVA were selected. Genome sequencing revealed mutations in genes related to iron homeostasis, including the gene for an iron siderophore-binding protein. Overexpression of this mutant gene in the wild-type (WT) strain MGA3 improved 5AVA tolerance significantly at high Fe2+ supplementation. The combined ALE, omics, and genetics approach helped elucidate the physiological response of thermophilic B. methanolicus to 5AVA and will guide future strain development for 5AVA production from methanol.

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Quigley, Neil Gerard, Katja Steiger, Sebastian Hoberück, Norbert Czech, Maximilian Alexander Zierke, Susanne Kossatz, Marc Pretze, et al. "PET/CT imaging of head-and-neck and pancreatic cancer in humans by targeting the “Cancer Integrin” αvβ6 with Ga-68-Trivehexin." European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, September 24, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-021-05559-x.

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Abstract Purpose To develop a new probe for the αvβ6-integrin and assess its potential for PET imaging of carcinomas. Methods Ga-68-Trivehexin was synthesized by trimerization of the optimized αvβ6-integrin selective cyclic nonapeptide Tyr2 (sequence: c[YRGDLAYp(NMe)K]) on the TRAP chelator core, followed by automated labeling with Ga-68. The tracer was characterized by ELISA for activities towards integrin subtypes αvβ6, αvβ8, αvβ3, and α5β1, as well as by cell binding assays on H2009 (αvβ6-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (αvβ6-negative) cells. SCID-mice bearing subcutaneous xenografts of the same cell lines were used for dynamic (90 min) and static (75 min p.i.) µPET imaging, as well as for biodistribution (90 min p.i.). Structure–activity-relationships were established by comparison with the predecessor compound Ga-68-TRAP(AvB6)3. Ga-68-Trivehexin was tested for in-human PET/CT imaging of HNSCC, parotideal adenocarcinoma, and metastatic PDAC. Results Ga-68-Trivehexin showed a high αvβ6-integrin affinity (IC50 = 0.047 nM), selectivity over other subtypes (IC50-based factors: αvβ8, 131; αvβ3, 57; α5β1, 468), blockable uptake in H2009 cells, and negligible uptake in MDA-MB-231 cells. Biodistribution and preclinical PET imaging confirmed a high target-specific uptake in tumor and a low non-specific uptake in other organs and tissues except the excretory organs (kidneys and urinary bladder). Preclinical PET corresponded well to in-human results, showing high and persistent uptake in metastatic PDAC and HNSCC (SUVmax = 10–13) as well as in kidneys/urine. Ga-68-Trivehexin enabled PET/CT imaging of small PDAC metastases and showed high uptake in HNSCC but not in tumor-associated inflammation. Conclusions Ga-68-Trivehexin is a valuable probe for imaging of αvβ6-integrin expression in human cancers.

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Franzes, Dayane Batista, Jamile Irene Schäfer, Vanessa Cristina Vieira, Jhenifer Karvat, Alberito Rodrigo De Carvalho, and Gladson Ricardo Flor Bertolini. "CORRENTE INTERFERENCIAL NA DOR MUSCULAR DE INÍCIO TARDIA." Revista Pesquisa em Fisioterapia 6, no. 2 (June 14, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.17267/2238-2704rpf.v6i2.864.

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Objetivo: avaliar o uso da corrente interferencial, sobre o tríceps sural de voluntários, com dor muscular de início tardio, por meio da escala visual analógica (EVA) e pela pressão local. Métodos: foram recrutados 14 indivíduos saudáveis e sedentários, os quais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em Grupo Placebo e Grupo Experimental. Para avaliação da dor foi utilizada a EVA e um Algômetro de pressão, em 8 momentos (AV1-8) ao longo de 4 dias de intervenção (1º dia exercício, 1º-4º dias eletroestimulação), sempre pré e pós terapia. Visando promover a DMIT, os participantes realizaram movimentos concêntricos e excêntricos de planti e dorsiflexão sobre um degrau de 20 cm de altura. Para a realização da eletroestimulação, os eletrodos foram posicionados no ventre no músculo gastrocnêmio lateral e outro no ventre do músculo gastrocnêmio medial, sendo aplicada durante 20 minutos, em intensidade forte, porém confortável, com frequência base de 4 kHz, na forma bipolar e com frequência modulada pela amplitude (AMF) de 100Hz. Resultados: houve diferenças intragrupos, AV1 do grupo placebo foi diferente de todas as seguintes, já para o grupo experimental AV1 não foi diferente de AV8. Na comparação entre os grupos houve diferenças significativas: em AV3, AV4, AV6 e AV8. Na avaliação da dor à pressão houve diferença estatística intragrupo, apenas para o placebo, sendo que AV3 mostrou-se menor do que AV7. Conclusão: a corrente interferencial foi eficaz para a redução da sensação de dor muscular de início tardio.

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Journal articles on the topic 'AV06'

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