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Journal articles on the topic 'Avalanche collapse'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Lei, Yanbin, Tandong Yao, Lide Tian, et al. "Response of downstream lakes to Aru glacier collapses on the western Tibetan Plateau." Cryosphere 15, no. 1 (2021): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-199-2021.

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Abstract. The lower parts of two glaciers in the Aru range on the western Tibetan Plateau (TP) collapsed on 17 July and 21 September 2016, respectively, causing fatal damage to local people and their livestock. The giant ice avalanches, with a total volume of 150 × 106 m3, had almost melted by September 2019 (about 30 % of the second ice avalanche remained). The impact of these extreme disasters on downstream lakes has not been investigated yet. Based on in situ observation, bathymetry survey and satellite data, we explore the impact of the ice avalanches on the two downstream lakes (i.e., Aru

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2

Baroudi, D., B. Sovilla, and E. Thibert. "Effects of flow regime and sensor geometry on snow avalanche impact-pressure measurements." Journal of Glaciology 57, no. 202 (2011): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214311796405988.

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AbstractImpact pressures of snow avalanches have been measured at the Swiss Vallée de la Sionne experimental test site using two kinds of sensor placed at different locations in the avalanche flow. Pressures measured in a fast dry-snow avalanche and a slow wet-snow avalanche are compared and discussed. The pressures recorded using the two types of sensor in the dense flow of a dry-snow avalanche agree well, showing negligible dependence on the measurement device. On the other hand, significantly different pressures are measured in the slow dense flow of a wet-snow avalanche. This is attributed

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3

Azhgaliyeva, B. A. "Some issues on prevention of avalanche coloring of building structures." Bulletin of Kazakh Leading Academy of Architecture and Construction 80, no. 2 (2021): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51488/1680-080x/2021.2-41.

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The article discusses the emergence of the problem of an avalanche collapse of a building and various ways to prevent collapse of structures. On the basis of world experience, recommendations are made for protection against avalanche collapse of high-rise buildings of various structural systems.

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4

Stewart, M. L., J. K. Russell, and C. J. Hickson. "Discrimination of hot versus cold avalanche deposits: Implications for hazard assessment at Mount Meager, B.C." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 3, no. 6 (2003): 713–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-3-713-2003.

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Abstract. The surficial deposits surrounding the Mount Meager volcanic complex include numerous avalanche deposits. These deposits share many attributes: (a) they are nearly monolithologic and comprise mainly intermediate volcanic rock clasts, (b) they lack internal structure, and (c) they are very poorly sorted. Despite these similarities, the avalanche deposits represent two distinct processes. Mass wasting of the Mount Meager volcanic edifice has produced cold rock avalanche deposits, whereas gravitational collapse of active lava domes and flows has produced hot block and ash avalanche depo

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5

Agatova, Anna, Roman Nepop, Dmitry Ganyushkin, Demberel Otgonbayar, Semen Griga, and Ivan Ovchinnikov. "Specific Effects of the 1988 Earthquake on Topography and Glaciation of the Tsambagarav Ridge (Mongolian Altai) Based on Remote Sensing and Field Data." Remote Sensing 14, no. 4 (2022): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14040917.

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Strong earthquakes could serve as a trigger for glacier detachment and associated ice–rock avalanches. The 1988 Tsambagarav earthquake (M = 6.4) initiated collapse of part of the glacier tongue and a further ice–rock avalanche with an abnormal 5 km long path in Zuslan valley, Tsambagarav ridge (Mongolian Altai). Early documentation of surface effects in 1988, remote sensing and field data gathered 16 and 30 years after this event allowed for the assessment of the seismic impact on a reduction of “damaged” glacier under conditions of global warming as well as estimating topography changes in th

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6

Bovet, Eloise, Bernardino Chiaia, Valerio De Biagi, and Barbara Frigo. "Pressure of Snow Avalanches against Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.392.

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The paper aims to analyse the e ects of topography and building position on themagnitude of pressure exerted by snow avalanches against buildings, through a structural backanalysis and numerical uid-dynamics. Studying a real snow avalanche impact occurred in2008 which destroyed a village in Valsavarenche (Aosta Valley - IT), the attention is focused onthe avalanche ow deviation caused by the destructive interaction with a rst building, whichprotected part of a second building beyond it. By means of photographical and in situ survey,a detailed description of avalanche geometrical, dynamical and

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7

Jeitschko, Thomas D., and Curtis R. Taylor. "Local Discouragement and Global Collapse: A Theory of Coordination Avalanches." American Economic Review 91, no. 1 (2001): 208–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.1.208.

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We study a dynamic game in which all players initially possess the same information and coordinate on a high level of activity. Eventually, players with a long string of bad experiences become inactive. This prospect can cause a coordination avalanche in which all activity in the population stops. Coordination avalanches are part of Pareto-efficient equilibria; they can occur at any point in the game; their occurrence does not depend on the true state of nature; and allowing players to exchange information may merely hasten their onset. We present applications to search markets, organizational

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8

Plaza, F., M. G. Velarde, F. T. Arecchi, S. Boccaletti, M. Ciofini, and R. Meucci. "Excitability following an avalanche-collapse process." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 38, no. 2 (1997): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i1997-00205-7.

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9

Wadge, G., P. W. Francis, and C. F. Ramirez. "The Socompa collapse and avalanche event." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 66, no. 1-4 (1995): 309–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(94)00083-s.

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10

Falaschi, Daniel, Andreas Kääb, Frank Paul, Takeo Tadono, Juan Antonio Rivera, and Luis Eduardo Lenzano. "Brief communication: Collapse of 4 Mm<sup>3</sup> of ice from a cirque glacier in the Central Andes of Argentina." Cryosphere 13, no. 3 (2019): 997–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-997-2019.

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Abstract. Among glacier instabilities, collapses of large parts of low-angle glaciers are a striking, exceptional phenomenon. So far, merely the 2002 collapse of Kolka Glacier in the Caucasus Mountains and the 2016 twin detachments of the Aru glaciers in western Tibet have been well documented. Here we report on the previously unnoticed collapse of an unnamed cirque glacier in the Central Andes of Argentina in March 2007. Although of much smaller ice volume, this 4.2±0.6×106 m3 collapse in the Andes is similar to the Caucasus and Tibet ones in that the resulting ice avalanche travelled a total

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11

Van Wyk de Vries, Maximillian, Shashank Bhushan, Mylène Jacquemart, et al. "Pre-collapse motion of the February 2021 Chamoli rock–ice avalanche, Indian Himalaya." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 10 (2022): 3309–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3309-2022.

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Abstract. Landslides are a major geohazard that cause thousands of fatalities every year. Despite their importance, identifying unstable slopes and forecasting collapses remains a major challenge. In this study, we use the 7 February 2021 Chamoli rock–ice avalanche as a data-rich example to investigate the potential of remotely sensed datasets for the assessment of slope stability. We investigate imagery over the 3 decades preceding collapse and assess the precursory signs exhibited by this slope prior to the catastrophic collapse. We evaluate monthly slope motion from 2015 to 2021 through fea

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12

PLAZA, F., and M. G. VELARDE. "AVALANCHE-COLLAPSE MECHANISM: A MODEL FOR EXCITABILITY." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 06, no. 10 (1996): 1873–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812749600120x.

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We propose a new type of excitability mechanism, based on an avalanche-collapse process. We show the differences and similarities between this and the already known excitability concepts for biological and mechanical systems. An experiment is also proposed with a laser containing a saturable absorber inside the cavity.

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13

Deline, P., W. Alberto, M. Broccolato, et al. "The December 2008 Crammont rock avalanche, Mont Blanc massif area, Italy." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 12 (2011): 3307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-3307-2011.

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Abstract. We describe a 0.5 Mm3 rock avalanche that occurred in 2008 in the western Alps and discuss possible roles of controlling factors in the context of current climate change. The source is located between 2410 m and 2653 m a.s.l. on Mont Crammont and is controlled by a densely fractured rock structure. The main part of the collapsed rock mass deposited at the foot of the rock wall. A smaller part travelled much farther, reaching horizontal and vertical travel distances of 3050 m and 1560 m, respectively. The mobility of the rock mass was enhanced by channelization and snow. The rock-aval

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14

Nagai, Hiroto, Manabu Watanabe, Naoya Tomii, Takeo Tadono, and Shinichi Suzuki. "Multiple remote-sensing assessment of the catastrophic collapse in Langtang Valley induced by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 11 (2017): 1907–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1907-2017.

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Abstract. The main shock of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal induced numerous avalanches, rockfalls, and landslides in Himalayan mountain regions. A major village in the Langtang Valley was destroyed and numerous people were victims of a catastrophic avalanche event, which consisted of snow, ice, rock, and blast wind. Understanding the hazard process mainly depends on limited witness accounts, interviews, and an in situ survey after a monsoon season. To record the immediate situation and to understand the deposition process, we performed an assessment by means of satellite-based observation

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15

Serrano, M. Ángeles, Ľuboš Buzna, and Marián Boguñá. "Escaping the avalanche collapse in self-similar multiplexes." New Journal of Physics 17, no. 5 (2015): 053033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/17/5/053033.

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16

Favier, P., D. Bertrand, N. Eckert, and M. Naaim. "A reliability assessment of physical vulnerability of reinforced concrete walls loaded by snow avalanches." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 3 (2013): 2589–632. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-2589-2013.

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Abstract. Snow avalanches are a threat to many kinds of elements (human beings, communication axes, structures, etc.) in mountain regions. For risk evaluation, the vulnerability assessment of civil engineering structures such as buildings and dwellings exposed to avalanches still needs to be improved. This paper presents an approach to determine the fragility curves associated with Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures loaded by typical avalanche pressures and provides quantitative results for different geometrical configurations. First, several mechanical limit states of the RC wall are defined

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17

Van Compernolle, B., M. J. Poulos, and G. J. Morales. "Sudden collapse of a pressure profile generated by off-axis heating in a linear magnetized plasma." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 4 (2022): 042104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0082247.

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The features of an unexpected, large event that arises spontaneously during a basic heat transport experiment are presented. It consists of the sudden collapse of the radial plasma pressure profile, akin to disruption events observed in toroidal magnetic confinement devices. The experiment is performed on the Large Plasma Device at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). It uses a LaB6 thermionic emitter of annular shape to induce off-axis heating of a cold, afterglow plasma, in a linear magnetic geometry. The temporal evolution consists of three regimes. During an early, quiescent p

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18

Bobillier, Grégoire, Bertil Trottet, Bastian Bergfeld, et al. "Supershear crack propagation in snow slab avalanche release: new insights from numerical simulations and field measurements." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 7 (2025): 2215–23. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2215-2025.

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Abstract. The release process of dry-snow slab avalanches begins with a localized failure within a porous, weak snow layer beneath a cohesive slab. Subsequently, rapid crack propagation may occur within the weak layer, eventually leading to a tensile fracture across the slab, resulting, if the slope is steep enough, in its detachment and sliding. The dynamics of crack propagation is believed to influence the size of the release area. However, the relationship between crack propagation dynamics and avalanche size remains incompletely understood. Notably, crack propagation speeds estimated from

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19

Gilbert, Adrien, Silvan Leinss, Jeffrey Kargel, et al. "Mechanisms leading to the 2016 giant twin glacier collapses, Aru Range, Tibet." Cryosphere 12, no. 9 (2018): 2883–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2883-2018.

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Abstract. In north-western Tibet (34.0∘ N, 82.2∘ E) near lake Aru Co, the entire ablation areas of two glaciers (Aru-1 and Aru-2) suddenly collapsed on 17 July and 21 September 2016. The masses transformed into ice avalanches with volumes of 68 and 83×106 m3 and ran out up to 7 km in horizontal distance, killing nine people. The only similar event currently documented is the 130×106 m3 Kolka Glacier rock and ice avalanche of 2002 (Caucasus Mountains). Using climatic reanalysis, remote sensing, and three-dimensional thermo-mechanical modelling, we reconstructed the Aru glaciers' thermal regimes

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20

Moktikanana, M. L. A., H. E. Wibowo, E. Rahayu, and A. Harijoko. "Hummock size and alignment in Gadung debris avalanche deposit, Raung Volcanic Complex, East Java, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 851, no. 1 (2021): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/851/1/012037.

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Abstract Debris avalanche deposit is formed by the failure of volcanic edifice and has a high potential to directly impact human civilization. The famous characteristic landform of debris avalanche deposit is hummocky hills. To understand the dynamics of avalanche flow, we investigate the morphometric characters of debris avalanche hummocks from Gunung Gadung in Raung Volcanic Complex. The collapse of Gunung Gadung follows two main flow direction with two different kinds of debris avalanche, i.e., freely spreading and valley filling. Our study recorded that there is no significant correlation

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21

Hayakawa, Yuichi S., Hidetsugu Yoshida, Hiroyuki Obanawa, et al. "Characteristics of debris avalanche deposits inferred from source volume estimate and hummock morphology around Mt. Erciyes, central Turkey." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 2 (2018): 429–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-429-2018.

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Abstract. Debris avalanches caused by volcano sector collapse often form characteristic depositional landforms such as hummocks. Sedimentological and geomorphological analyses of debris avalanche deposits (DADs) are crucial to clarify the size, mechanisms, and emplacement of debris avalanches. We describe the morphology of hummocks on the northeastern flank of Mt. Erciyes in Kayseri, central Turkey, likely formed in the late Pleistocene. Using a remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS) and the structure-from-motion and multi-view stereo (SfM–MVS) photogrammetry, we obtained high-definition digi

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22

Reznik, Petro, Mohamd Almohamad, and Vladyslav Tenesesku. "ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTIVE SOLUTIONS OF THE EXISTING BUILDINGS OF THE HOUSING FUND OF THE KHARKIV CITY ON THE SUBJECT OF THEIR PERFORMANCE AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE INFLUENCE OF COMBAT ACTIONS." Collection of Scientific Works of the Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, no. 201 (September 30, 2022): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.201.2022.267755.

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The article examines the main structural solutions of existing residential buildings inthe city of Kharkiv and analyzes their working capacity from the point of view of resistance toexplosive effects and, as a result, progressive collapse. It is known that progressive collapse ischaracteristic of extreme (emergency) cases, when due to destruction of a responsible element of thestructure as a result of a gas explosion, ammunition bursts, climatic cataclysms, transport collapses,etc a part of the building or the entire structure collapses. It is noted that every year, the interest ofthe world sc

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23

Favier, P., D. Bertrand, N. Eckert, and M. Naaim. "A reliability assessment of physical vulnerability of reinforced concrete walls loaded by snow avalanches." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 3 (2014): 689–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-689-2014.

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Abstract. Snow avalanches are a threat to many kinds of elements (human beings, communication axes, structures, etc.) in mountain regions. For risk evaluation, the vulnerability assessment of civil engineering structures such as buildings and dwellings exposed to avalanches still needs to be improved. This paper presents an approach to determine the fragility curves associated with reinforced concrete (RC) structures loaded by typical avalanche pressures and provides quantitative results for different geometrical configurations. First, several mechanical limit states of the RC wall are defined

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24

Bartelt, Perry, Othmar Buser, Cesar Vera Valero, and Yves Bühler. "Configurational energy and the formation of mixed flowing/powder snow and ice avalanches." Annals of Glaciology 57, no. 71 (2016): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a464.

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Abstract.A long-standing problem in avalanche dynamics is to model the flow of a mixed flowing/powder avalanche. Here we use the thermodynamic concept of configurational energy to describe the blow-out of air from the avalanche core. Configurational energy is the mean potential energy associated with the location of snow and ice particles in the avalanche core. As such, configurational energy determines the avalanche flow density. Expansion of the particle ensemble reduces the flow density and leads to the intake of air. Compression of the particle ensemble causes the blow-out of the intaken a

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Montanaro, C., and J. Beget. "Volcano collapse along the Aleutian Ridge (western Aleutian Arc)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 3 (2011): 715–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-715-2011.

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Abstract. The Aleutian Ridge, in the western part of the Aleutian Arc, consists of a chain of volcanic islands perched atop the crest of a submarine ridge with most of the active Quaternary stratocones or caldera-like volcanoes being located on the northern margins of the Aleutian Islands. Integrated analysis of marine and terrestrial data resulted in the identification and characterization of 17 extensive submarine debris avalanche deposits from 11 volcanoes. Two morphological types of deposits are recognizable, elongate and lobate, with primary controls on the size and distribution of the vo

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Nehlig, Pierre, Herve Leyrit, Arnaud Dardon, et al. "Constructions et destructions du stratovolcan du Cantal." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 172, no. 3 (2001): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/172.3.295.

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Abstract The Cantal (France) stratovolcano, which is 70 km in diameter and extends 2500 km 2 , is the largest perialpine stratovolcano. Due to its size and the abundance of breccia, it has never before been the subject of a comprehensive synthesis, despite being considered in more than 30 doctoral theses and over 200 scientific papers, memoirs and reports. An intensive research project, which integrates a synthesis of existing published and unpublished data and new geological, geochemical, geophysical and geochronological data, along with 1:25,000-scale mapping of the central part of the strat

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27

Barrett, Rachel, Elodie Lebas, Ricardo Ramalho, et al. "Revisiting the tsunamigenic volcanic flank collapse of Fogo Island in the Cape Verdes, offshore West Africa." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 500, no. 1 (2019): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp500-2019-187.

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AbstractVolcanic archipelagos are a source of numerous on- and offshore geohazards, including explosive eruptions and potentially tsunamigenic large-scale flank collapses. Fogo Island in the southern Cape Verdes is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, making it both prone to collapse (as evidenced by the c. 73 ka Monte Amarelo volcanic flank collapse), and a source of widely distributed tephra and volcanic material. The offshore distribution of the Monte Amarelo debris avalanche deposits and the surrounding volcaniclastic apron were previously mapped using only medium-resolution bath

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Gisbert, Guillem, Hugo Delgado-Granados, Martin Mangler, Julie Prytulak, Ramón Espinasa-Pereña, and Chiara Maria Petrone. "Evolution of the Popocatépetl Volcanic Complex: constraints on periodic edifice construction and destruction by sector collapse." Journal of the Geological Society 179, no. 3 (2021): jgs2021–022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2021-022.

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Popocatépetl is one of the most active volcanoes in North America. Its current predominantly mild activity is contrasted by a history of large effusive and explosive eruptions and sector collapse events, first summarized by Espinasa-Pereña and Martín-Del Pozzo (2006). Since then, a wealth of new radiometric, geophysical and volcanological data have been published, requiring a re-evaluation of the evolution of the Popocatépetl Volcanic Complex (PVC). We combined existing literature data with new field observations, aerial imagery and digital elevation model interpretations to produce an updated

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Waythomas, Christopher F., and Kristi L. Wallace. "Flank collapse at Mount Wrangell, Alaska, recorded by volcanic mass-flow deposits in the Copper River lowland." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 39, no. 8 (2002): 1257–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e02-032.

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An areally extensive volcanic mass-flow deposit of Pleistocene age, known as the Chetaslina volcanic mass-flow deposit, is a prominent and visually striking deposit in the southeastern Copper River lowland of south-central Alaska. The mass-flow deposit consists of a diverse mixture of colorful, variably altered volcanic rocks, lahar deposits, glaciolacustrine diamicton, and till that record a major flank collapse on the southwest flank of Mount Wrangell. The deposit is well exposed near its presumed source, and thick, continuous, stratigraphic exposures have permitted us to study its sedimenta

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Jiang, Wen-Jun, Run-Ran Liu, and Chun-Xiao Jia. "Depth Penetration and Scope Extension of Failures in the Cascading of Multilayer Networks." Complexity 2020 (April 25, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3578736.

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Real-world complex systems always interact with each other, which causes these systems to collapse in an avalanche or cascading manner in the case of random failures or malicious attacks. The robustness of multilayer networks has attracted great interest, where the modeling and theoretical studies of which always rely on the concept of multilayer networks and percolation methods. A straightforward and tacit assumption is that the interdependence across network layers is strong, which means that a node will fail entirely with the removal of all links if one of its interdependent nodes in other

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Purdenko, Roman, Roman Maiboroda, Nina Rashkevich, and Yurii Otrosh. "Development of a Numerical Model of the "Soil-Foundation-Building" System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 924 (December 30, 2024): 191–99. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-5oeggb.

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The aim of this work is to develop a numerical model and perform numerical simulations of avalanche-like collapse of buildings and structures in case of fire and explosions, taking into account the peculiarities of soil performance and its properties. The LIRA-SAPR software is a promising tool for calculations and modelling.

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Li, Shudong, Yanshan Chen, Xiaobo Wu, Xiaochun Cheng, and Zhihong Tian. "Power Grid-Oriented Cascading Failure Vulnerability Identifying Method Based on Wireless Sensors." Journal of Sensors 2021 (June 26, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8820413.

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In our paper, we study the vulnerability in cascading failures of the real-world network (power grid) under intentional attacks. Here, we use three indexes ( B , K , k -shell) to measure the importance of nodes; that is, we define three attacks, respectively. Under these attacks, we measure the process of cascade effect in network by the number of avalanche nodes, the time steps, and the speed of the cascade propagation. Also, we define the node’s bearing capacity as a tolerant parameter to study the robustness of the network under three attacks. Taking the power grid as an example, we have ob

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Sosio, Rosanna, Giovanni B. Crosta, and Oldrich Hungr. "Numerical modeling of debris avalanche propagation from collapse of volcanic edifices." Landslides 9, no. 3 (2011): 315–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-011-0302-8.

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Alfin, A. S., H. E. Wibowo, and A. Harijoko. "Morphometric Characteristic and Distribution of Hummocky Hills in Debris Avalanche Deposit of Galunggung Volcano, West Java, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1071, no. 1 (2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1071/1/012012.

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Abstract Sector collapse of a volcanic body produces topography of horseshoe-shaped caldera incisions and a widespread hummocky hill resembling debris avalanche deposit. The study of morphometry, distribution, and the alignment of the hummocky hills is necessary to understand the source and deposition process of the debris-avalanche deposit. Galunggung volcano is, one of the volcanoes in Java Island, attributed with 7 km wide of caldera opens towards the east direction (N 135° E) where hummocky hills cover an area of ~32 km2. Morphometry of the hummocky hills is 500-700,000 m2 in size, elongat

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Milana, Juan Pablo, and Philipp Geisler. "Forensic Geology Applied to Decipher the Landslide Dam Collapse and Outburst Flood of the Santa Cruz River (12 November 2005), San Juan, Argentina." GeoHazards 3, no. 2 (2022): 252–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geohazards3020014.

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A well-known landslide dam that collapsed and generated a large outburst flood is used to show the importance of forensic geology analysis, which is the on-site multidisciplinary study of geohazards carries out as soon as possible after their occurrence; this study is focused on understanding the complete spectrum of all mechanisms that caused the disaster. Diagnostic elements of all natural processes fade with time, allowing for progressively divergent interpretations that may impact the appropriateness of potential mitigation actions, as we demonstrate. The multidisciplinary field control of

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Blair, Terence C. "Form, facies, and depositional history of the North Long John rock avalanche, Owens Valley, California." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 36, no. 6 (1999): 855–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e99-024.

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The prehistoric but geomorphically pristine North Long John rock avalanche of the Inyo Mountains piedmont, California, formed by the catastrophic collapse and disintegration of a 500 × 1000 m range-front bedrock slab. This failure rapidly produced and transferred ~25 million cubic metres of new sediment to the piedmont, where it was deposited in a trough between two coalesced alluvial fans. The avalanche consists of nearly monolithologic (aplitic), unstratified, very angular, muddy, cobble, pebble gravel with boulders concentrated at the top and outer margins. The deposits are clast supported

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Lala, Jonathan M., David R. Rounce, and Daene C. McKinney. "Modeling the glacial lake outburst flood process chain in the Nepal Himalaya: reassessing Imja Tsho's hazard." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 7 (2018): 3721–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3721-2018.

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Abstract. The Himalayas of South Asia are home to many glaciers that are retreating due to climate change and causing the formation of large glacial lakes in their absence. These lakes are held in place by naturally deposited moraine dams that are potentially unstable. Specifically, an impulse wave generated by an avalanche or landslide entering the lake can destabilize the moraine dam, thereby causing a catastrophic failure of the moraine and a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF). Imja-Lhotse Shar Glacier is amongst the glaciers experiencing the highest rate of mass loss in the Mount Everest r

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Alquiza, María J. P., Raúl M. Aviles, Pooja V. Kshirsagar, and Gabriela A. Zanor. "Evidence of a Large Debris Avalanche Event (22.0 Ma) from the Comondú Group on the Baja California Sur Peninsula, Mexico." Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 11 (August 27, 2024): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2024.11.2.

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The morphological, sedimentological, and microtextural characteristics of Miocene debris avalanche deposits which extend from the Punta Coyote to the vicinity of the city of La Paz, were studied along the eastern of the Baja California Peninsula. The debris avalanche deposits studied include a mixture of angular mega blocks whose composition comes from the deposits that make up the Comondú Group: pre-Comondú (red sandstones and conglomerates with intercalated ignimbrites), the Upper Unit (brownish sandstones, shales, and conglomerate), and breccia, with a predominance of jigsaw cracks, injecti

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Bao, Yiding, Jianping Chen, Weifeng Zhang, Yuchao Li, Zhihai Li, and Ni Du. "Effect of the Fracturing Degree of the Source Rock on Rock Avalanche River-Blocking Behavior Based on the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Technique." Minerals 12, no. 7 (2022): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12070901.

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In this study, the effect of the fracturing degree of the source rock on rock avalanche river-blocking behavior was investigated. The study included the analysis of mass movement behavior, impulse wave behavior, and the formation of landslide dams. The study included a series of simulations of rock avalanche river-blocking based on the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) technique. Prior to the simulation, a water column collapse model was applied to validate the use of the CEL technique on fluid-structure interaction, and to calibrate the material parameters. The source rock in the rock avalanc

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Gaume, Johan, Alec van Herwijnen, Guillaume Chambon, Nander Wever, and Jürg Schweizer. "Snow fracture in relation to slab avalanche release: critical state for the onset of crack propagation." Cryosphere 11, no. 1 (2017): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-217-2017.

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Abstract. The failure of a weak snow layer buried below cohesive slab layers is a necessary, but insufficient, condition for the release of a dry-snow slab avalanche. The size of the crack in the weak layer must also exceed a critical length to propagate across a slope. In contrast to pioneering shear-based approaches, recent developments account for weak layer collapse and allow for better explaining typical observations of remote triggering from low-angle terrain. However, these new models predict a critical length for crack propagation that is almost independent of slope angle, a rather sur

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Rosendahl, Philipp L., and Philipp Weißgraeber. "Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak-layer failure – Part 1: Slabs on compliant and collapsible weak layers." Cryosphere 14, no. 1 (2020): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-115-2020.

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Abstract. Dry-snow slab avalanche release is preceded by a fracture process within the snowpack. Recognizing weak-layer collapse as an integral part of the fracture process is crucial and explains phenomena such as whumpf sounds and remote triggering of avalanches from low-angle terrain. In this two-part work we propose a novel closed-form analytical model for a snowpack under skier loading and a mixed-mode failure criterion for the nucleation of weak-layer failure. In the first part of this two-part series we introduce a closed-form analytical model of a snowpack accounting for the deformable

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Zhao, Xingxing, Zhenwei Dai, Bolin Huang, et al. "Failure Mechanism and Risk Assessment of Multi-Level Cliff in Jiaohua Perilous Rock Mass." Sustainability 16, no. 23 (2024): 10714. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310714.

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Perilous rock mass disasters are typical forms of collapse disasters. Perilous rock masses are widely distributed in mountainous areas around the world and often pose a great threat to residents and line engineering. The correct evaluation of the stability and disaster-causing ability of perilous rock is important for the guarantee of sustainable development for human beings living in mountainous areas. The dynamic disaster effects of perilous rock collapse have always been a hot topic in the field of engineering geological disaster research. This study takes typical #WY8 and #WY47 perilous ro

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Eckstein, Jack T., Michael A. Carpenter, and Ekhard K. H. Salje. "Ubiquity of avalanches: Crackling noise in kidney stones and porous materials." APL Materials 11, no. 3 (2023): 031112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0138123.

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Systematic advances in the resolution and analytical interpretation of acoustic emission (AE) spectroscopy have, over the last decade, allowed for extensions into novel fields. The same dynamic failure patterns, which have been identified in earthquakes, magnetism, and switching of ferroelastic and ferroelectric materials, are shown, in this paper, to be equally important in medicine, and minerals, in the geological context, to give just two examples. In the first application, we show that biological samples, i.e., kidney stones, can be analyzed with acoustic emission and related to the progre

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Linkov, Nikolay. "Calculation for the progressive collapse of the steel frame based on the shutdown of an element of the structural scheme." E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 06023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338906023.

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Reliability of a building object - the ability of a building object perform the required functions during the estimated service life. In this case, the structure may experience a special limit state after exceeding the limit of the bearing capacity in the first and deformability in the second limit states, in which they do not fully comply with the functional requirements; further increase in loads and impacts leads to their destruction. The assumed initial local destruction implies the removal of a bearing structural element, simulating the loss of bearing capacity and stability, as well as l

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Pasquier, Mathieu, Marc Blancher, Grégoire Zen Ruffinen, and Olivier Hugli. "Does Rescue Collapse Mandate a Paradigm Shift in the Field Management of Avalanche Victims?" High Altitude Medicine & Biology 16, no. 2 (2015): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ham.2015.0012.

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Bernard, Benjamin, Benjamin van Wyk de Vries, Diego Barba, et al. "The Chimborazo sector collapse and debris avalanche: Deposit characteristics as evidence of emplacement mechanisms." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 176, no. 1 (2008): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.03.012.

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Dufresne, Anja, Sergio Salinas, and Claus Siebe. "Substrate deformation associated with the Jocotitlán edifice collapse and debris avalanche deposit, Central México." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 197, no. 1-4 (2010): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.02.019.

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de' Michieli Vitturi, Mattia, Tomaso Esposti Ongaro, Giacomo Lari, and Alvaro Aravena. "IMEX_SfloW2D 1.0: a depth-averaged numerical flow model for pyroclastic avalanches." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 1 (2019): 581–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-581-2019.

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Abstract. Pyroclastic avalanches are a type of granular flow generated at active volcanoes by different mechanisms, including the collapse of steep pyroclastic deposits (e.g., scoria and ash cones), fountaining during moderately explosive eruptions, and crumbling and gravitational collapse of lava domes. They represent end-members of gravity-driven pyroclastic flows characterized by relatively small volumes (less than about 1 Mm3) and relatively thin (1–10 m) layers at high particle concentration (10–50 vol %), manifesting strong topographic control. The simulation of their dynamics and mappin

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Naranjo, José Antonio, Jorge Romero, Juan Pablo Contreras, et al. "Rapid growth and catastrophic destruction events of Planchón Volcano, Southern Andes." Volcanica 7, no. 1 (2024): 21–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.01.2149.

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During the Late Pleistocene-to-Holocene, the mafic Planchón volcano (35.2 °S, Southern Andes) experienced two important destructive events: a sector collapse to the west and a multiphase explosive eruption transforming the east summit area. We provide new field and laboratory evidence, including geochemical, geochronologic, and geological-morphological analysis, to reconstruct the evolution, triggering mechanisms, and physical parameters of these events.The lateral collapse (48~ka BP) was mainly predisposed by a tectonically westward-inclined substratum and rapid edifice growth rates (0.3–0.48

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Беккиев, М. Ю., М. Д. Докукин та Р. Х. Калов. "ОБВАЛЫ В ДОЛИНЕ р. КУЛАКСУ (БАССЕЙН р. ЧЕГЕМ, ЦЕНТРАЛЬНЫЙ КАВКАЗ) В XXI в." Грозненский естественнонаучный бюллетень 10, № 1(39) (2025): 24–30. https://doi.org/10.25744/genb.2025.1.39.003.

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В 21 веке наблюдается активизация обвальных процессов в высокогорной зоне Кавказа, связанная с изменением климата и деградацией ледников. Актуальность – необходимость в изменившихся условиях оценить активность и масштабы обвальных процессов, и их возможные негативные последствия. Цель работы – выявить участки проявлений ледовых и каменных обвалов в последние годы и их пространственно-временную динамику. Методы исследования – анализ разновременных космических снимков. Результаты работы – по данным космических снимков проанализированы случаи каменных и ледовых обвалов в долине р. Кулаксу и опред

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