Relevant bibliographies by topics / Avalanches Avalanches

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Avalanches Avalanches'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Avalanches Avalanches"

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Bartelt, P., and V. Stöckli. "The influence of tree and branch fracture, overturning and debris entrainment on snow avalanche flow." Annals of Glaciology 32 (2001): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756401781819544.

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AbstractA simple center-of-mass avalanche model that accounts for avalanche flow in forests is presented. The model applies the principle of conservation of energy to calculate the deceleration of avalanches caused by tree fracture, overturning and debris entrainment. The model relates the physical properties of forests (tree spacing, tree age, tree type, soil conditions) to avalanche flow. Modified dry-Coulomb and velocity-dependent friction parameters commonly used in avalanche runout calculations are derived. Example calculations demonstrate how the model can be applied to back-calculate observed avalanche events. The model quantitatively explains why large avalanches can destroy forests without significant deceleration. Furthermore, it shows why tree fracture consume/little of the avalanche’s energy. Finally, the model reveals how protective forests in avalanche tracks can be maintained over time to provide the best protective capacity against snow avalanches.
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Buisson, Laurent, and Claude Charlier. "Avalanche modelling and integration of expert knowledge in the ELSA system." Annals of Glaciology 18 (1993): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026030550001137x.

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The choice of the best protection system against avalanches on a particular path requires an accurate description, or image, of these avalanches. In order to get this image, avalanche consultants can use several numerical models which are often difficult to handle. Moreover, these models deal only with a part of the phenomena involved in avalanches and ignore the others. As a result, the consultants must use their experience and knowledge to imagine the avalanches on any particular path. This paper presents ELSA (Etude et Limites de Sites Avalancheux), a computer system dedicated to the modelling of the knowledge of avalanche experts and to the integration of the new symbolic computer models with the classical numerical models. The basic aim of integration is to build a unique computer system incorporating all these models. After a description of the terrain representation, we present the different scenarios that ELSA takes into account. Then, the methods which deal with some phenomena occurring in avalanches are described. The problems involved in the integration of these methods close this paper.
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Buisson, Laurent, and Claude Charlier. "Avalanche modelling and integration of expert knowledge in the ELSA system." Annals of Glaciology 18 (1993): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s026030550001137x.

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The choice of the best protection system against avalanches on a particular path requires an accurate description, or image, of these avalanches. In order to get this image, avalanche consultants can use several numerical models which are often difficult to handle. Moreover, these models deal only with a part of the phenomena involved in avalanches and ignore the others. As a result, the consultants must use their experience and knowledge to imagine the avalanches on any particular path.This paper presents ELSA (Etude et Limites de Sites Avalancheux), a computer system dedicated to the modelling of the knowledge of avalanche experts and to the integration of the new symbolic computer models with the classical numerical models. The basic aim of integration is to build a unique computer system incorporating all these models.After a description of the terrain representation, we present the different scenarios that ELSA takes into account. Then, the methods which deal with some phenomena occurring in avalanches are described. The problems involved in the integration of these methods close this paper.
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Fukushima, Yusuke, and Norio Hayakawa. "Analysis of powder-snow avalanches using three-dimensional topographic data." Annals of Glaciology 18 (1993): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500011332.

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A fluid-dynamical model of powder-snow avalanches is developed which takes into account three-dimensional topography and can compute an avalanche’s running course. The model also predicts the variations of height, speed and concentration of snow particles in the avalanche, as well as the level of turbulence. Application of the model to the Maseguchi avalanche, which occurred in 1986 at Niigata, Japan, shows it can provide reasonable prediction of the running course, height and speed of an avalanche.
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Fukushima, Yusuke, and Norio Hayakawa. "Analysis of powder-snow avalanches using three-dimensional topographic data." Annals of Glaciology 18 (1993): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500011332.

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A fluid-dynamical model of powder-snow avalanches is developed which takes into account three-dimensional topography and can compute an avalanche’s running course. The model also predicts the variations of height, speed and concentration of snow particles in the avalanche, as well as the level of turbulence. Application of the model to the Maseguchi avalanche, which occurred in 1986 at Niigata, Japan, shows it can provide reasonable prediction of the running course, height and speed of an avalanche.
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Keylock, Chris. "Snow avalanches." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 21, no. 4 (December 1997): 481–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339702100401.

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Snow avalanches have a substantial impact upon human activity in mountainous regions. In this article I employ a climatological framework to examine the mechanisms by which snow avalanches occur. This is followed by a discussion of the hydrologic and geomorphic aspects of avalanches, and an examination of the current state of research as regards predicting maximum avalanche runout and avalanche risk. It is hoped that this article brings to the reader's attention the wide range of literature that focuses upon this very hazardous natural phenomenon.
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Schweizer, Jürg, Christoph Mitterer, Frank Techel, Andreas Stoffel, and Benjamin Reuter. "On the relation between avalanche occurrence and avalanche danger level." Cryosphere 14, no. 2 (March 2, 2020): 737–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-737-2020.

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Abstract. In many countries with seasonally snow-covered mountain ranges warnings are issued to alert the public about imminent avalanche danger, mostly employing an ordinal, five-level danger scale. However, as avalanche danger cannot be measured, the characterization of avalanche danger remains qualitative. The probability of avalanche occurrence in combination with the expected avalanche type and size decide on the degree of danger in a given forecast region (≳100 km2). To describe avalanche occurrence probability, the snowpack stability and its spatial distribution need to be assessed. To quantify the relation between avalanche occurrence and avalanche danger level, we analyzed a large data set of visually observed avalanches (13 918 in total) from the region of Davos (eastern Swiss Alps, ∼300 km2), all with mapped outlines, and we compared the avalanche activity to the forecast danger level on the day of occurrence (3533 danger ratings). The number of avalanches per day strongly increased with increasing danger level, confirming that not only the release probability but also the frequency of locations with a weakness in the snowpack where avalanches may initiate from increase within a region. Avalanche size did not generally increase with increasing avalanche danger level, suggesting that avalanche size may be of secondary importance compared to snowpack stability and its distribution when assessing the danger level. Moreover, the frequency of wet-snow avalanches was found to be higher than the frequency of dry-snow avalanches for a given day and danger level; also, wet-snow avalanches tended to be larger. This finding may indicate that the danger scale is not used consistently with regard to avalanche type. Even though observed avalanche occurrence and avalanche danger level are subject to uncertainties, our findings on the characteristics of avalanche activity suggest reworking the definitions of the European avalanche danger scale. The description of the danger levels can be improved, in particular by quantifying some of the many proportional quantifiers. For instance, based on our analyses, “many avalanches”, expected at danger level 4-High, means on the order of at least 10 avalanches per 100 km2. Whereas our data set is one of the most comprehensive, visually observed avalanche records are known to be inherently incomplete so that our results often refer to a lower limit and should be confirmed using other similarly comprehensive data sets.
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McClung, D. M. "The effects of El Niño and La Niña on snow and avalanche patterns in British Columbia, Canada, and central Chile." Journal of Glaciology 59, no. 216 (2013): 783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2013jog12j192.

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AbstractEl Niño and La Niña affect global climate and atmospheric circulation to determine winter temperature and precipitation patterns. Both winter temperatures and the associated precipitation patterns have effects on mountain snow deposition and snow avalanche occurrences. Approximately 25 000 slab avalanches from 30 winters were analyzed in relation to snowfall patterns contrasted for El Niño and La Niña winters for two avalanche areas with different snow climates in British Columbia (BC), Canada. La Niña winters were shown to produce more snow, more avalanches and a higher percentage of dry avalanches than wet avalanches. The data and analysis show that the avalanche patterns depend on the altitude and snow climate. Analysis of snowfall and accident data from the Andes of Chile suggests behavior opposite to BC. El Niño winters in central Chile produced the most snow and, by inference, the most avalanches. This paper is the first to show the links of El Niño and La Niña to snow avalanche activity.
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Maggioni, Margherita, Monica Barbero, Fabrizio Barpi, Mauro Borri-Brunetto, Valerio De Biagi, Michele Freppaz, Barbara Frigo, Oronzo Pallara, and Bernardino Chiaia. "Snow Avalanche Impact Measurements at the Seehore Test Site in Aosta Valley (NW Italian Alps)." Geosciences 9, no. 11 (November 7, 2019): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9110471.

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In full-scale snow avalanche test sites, structures such as pylons, plates, or dams have been used to measure impact forces and pressures from avalanches. Impact pressures are of extreme importance when dealing with issues such as hazard mapping and the design of buildings exposed to avalanches. In this paper, we present the force measurements recorded for five selected avalanches that occurred at the Seehore test site in Aosta Valley (NW Italian Alps). The five avalanches were small to medium-sized and cover a wide range in terms of snow characteristics and flow dynamics. Our aim was to analyze the force and pressure measurements with respect to the avalanche characteristics. We measured pressures in the range of 2 to 30 kPa. Though without exhaustive measurements of the avalanche flows, we found indications of different flow regimes. For example, we could appreciate some differences in the vertical profile of the pressures recorded for wet dense avalanches and powder ones. Being aware of the fact that more complete measurements are necessary to fully describe the avalanche flows, we think that the data of the five avalanches triggered at the Seehore test site might add some useful information to the ongoing scientific discussion on avalanche flow regimes and impact pressure.
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Shahverdian, A. Yu. "Lattice Animals and Self-Organized Criticality." Fractals 05, no. 02 (June 1997): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x9700019x.

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The paper considers one model of SOC close to BTW and slider blocks models. In addition, it introduces an additional time parameter and imposes special restrictions on the avalanche geometrical structure. The generalization and modification of the avalanche's concept allows us to apply H. Weyl's theorem in the dynamical system theory so as to obtain the strong and exact results in this area. We introduce some combinatorial characteristic of clusters and use it as a tool for estimating the frequency of the avalanches. The results obtained give the asymptotically exact expressions for the asymptotical frequency as well as two special types of such extended avalanches. In some special cases, they reduce the determination of the frequency of the avalanches to combinatorial enumerative problem for lattice animals on the d-dimensional torus. The other two results are related to the one-dimensional model and establish the connection between the SOC and the theory of number partitions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Avalanches Avalanches"

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Dufresne, Anja. "Influence of runout path material on rock and debris avalanche mobility : field evidence and analogue modelling : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geological Sciences/Hazard and Disaster Management, University of Canterbury, New Zealand /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3076.

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Rock and debris avalanches result from sudden rock slope failure; they occur in a variety of materials and landscapes, and often have a catastrophic and lasting impact on the society, infrastructure, and landscape of the area. In order to fully understand these events, the factors leading to failure and those influencing the course of the event must be investigated. In recent years, increased attention has been given to numerous aspects of rock/debris avalanche emplacement: among these is the influence of runout path material on the behaviour of snow and ice avalanches, pyroclastic currents, debris flows, volcanic debris avalanches and non-volcanic rock avalanches. The fact that substrates are involved in rock avalanche emplacement has been known since Buss and Heim remarked on it in 1881, but few detailed studies on the effects of this involvement on avalanche emplacement exist. One popular hypothesis which has emerged is that the long runout of large rock avalanches can be explained by the basal friction reduction due to overrunning or failure of saturated substrate material. However, the present study shows that this is not the case. From analysis of nearly 400 rock and debris avalanche deposit descriptions it is evident that: (1) avalanches inevitably interact with their runout path material; (2) all large (> 10⁶ m³) rock and debris avalanche events have runout distances that exceed simple frictional model predictions regardless of type or degree of substrate interaction; (3) substrates only add complexities to the ‘long-runout’ avalanche events similar to topographic interference. The complexities resulting from substrate interaction include, for example, characteristic deposit surface features such as longitudinal ridges and flowbands, compressional faults and raised margins from rapid deceleration behind e.g. bulldozed substrates; shearing in a basal mixed zone and consequent changes in basal avalanche mechanical properties; volcanic edifice failure on weak underlying sediments with a change in volcano shape; transformation into more mobile debris flows through the entrainment of large quantities of water or water-bearing materials; and many others.
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Daerr, Adrian. "Dynamique des Avalanches." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003998.

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Un milieu granulaire peut rester au repos même avec une surface libre inclinée, et il ne se met spontanément en mouvement qu'au dessus d'un angle critique. Il apparaît alors un écoulement de surface dont l'amplitude et la dynamique sont régies par la mobilisation et le dépôt de grains à l'interface avec la phase statique. Malgré son importance pratique, la dynamique de cette transition demeure largement inconnue. Le manuscrit présente une étude expérimentale de ce problème dans deux géométries d'écoulements granulaires différentes. Dans la première expérience, l'équilibre d'une couche de sable déposée dynamiquement sur un plan rugueux est rendu métastable: après avoir augmenté l'inclinaison du plan, une perturbation locale déclenche une avalanche. La mesure du seuil de déclenchement montre que la transition entre équilibre statique et écoulement est sous-critique. La forme et la dynamique des avalanches résultent d'un échange permanent de matière avec la couche statique, mobilisant à l'avant et déposant des grains à l'arrière. De manière surprenante, une saturation de l'amplitude est observée, qui peut être attribuée à la présence du fond solide. Nous avons aussi mis en évidence l'existence de deux types d'avalanches, l'un où la couche n'est mobilisée qu'en aval du point de déclenchement et laissant une trace triangulaire, et l'autre où l'écoulement envahit tout le plan par un front de remontée. L'étude montre que des mécanismes de propagation différents interviennent dans ces deux cas. La deuxième expérience consiste à étudier l'écoulement transitoire à la formation d'un talus. Nous avons observé l'influence prépondérante de la préparation sur l'écoulement. Deux effets sont mis en évidence, l'un associé à la densité et l'autre à la «texture» anisotrope acquise pendant le remplissage. Dans la dernière partie, nous discutons de la validité des modèles existants pour décrire les avalanches sur le plan incliné. En guise de conclusion, nous développons un modèle continu décrivant la dynamique des écoulements granulaires de surface et prenant appui sur les résultats expérimentaux présentés.
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Jaeger, Paul. "Hysteresis and Avalanches." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-154238.

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In this thesis crackling systems have been investigated. Applying an external force on these systems they respond with events of all sizes. The size distribution follows a power law of the form S¯ . Dierent types appear in nature like avalanches or earthquakes. A magnet exposed to an external magnetic eld will "crackle" as well during its magnetization. Applying the Ising model on the system, a C++ code has been developed to simulate this process. The resulting data has been used to discuss the system with concepts of statistical mechanics like universality or scale invariance. Varying the level of impurity of the magnet, the disorder R, the system exhibits a continuous nonequilibrium phase transition. At its critical point RC the described power law behavior occurs. The critical exponent has been extracted fitting the histogram data with a power law curve. RC has been determined using the behavior of a scaling function for different values of R.
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Johnson, Benjamin Crane. "Remotely triggered slab avalanches." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ64998.pdf.

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Courrech, du Pont Sylvain. "Avalanches granulaires en milieu fluide." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004216.

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Considérons une boite remplie de grains et inclinons la progressivement. Au-dessus d'un angle critique, un écoulement de surface se déclenche. Cette avalanche, d'amplitude et de durée finies, fait relaxer l'angle du tas de quelques degrés. Ce processus intervient fréquemment dans la nature, notamment sous la forme d'écoulements de débris qui se produisent aussi bien à la surface de la Terre que dans les fonds marins. Cependant, les écoulements denses de granulaires immergés dans un liquide ont été peu étudiés. Ainsi, le travail expérimental rapporté dans ce manuscrit s'attache à déterminer l'influence d'un fluide environnant, gaz ou liquide, sur l'amplitude et la dynamique des avalanches. Nous mettons en évidence trois régimes d'avalanches contrôlés par deux paramètres sans dimension : le rapport r entre la densité des grains et celle du fluide, et le nombre de Stokes St qui compare l'inertie d'un grain aux effets visqueux du fluide. Dans un gaz (grandes valeurs de r et de St), l'effet du fluide est négligeable. Dans les liquides (petites valeurs de r), l'amplitude des avalanches diminue tandis que leur durée augmente lorsque St diminue. Dans une deuxième partie, nous étudions l'effet d'un confinement du tas entre deux parois latérales sur sa stabilité. Maximale quand l'écart entre parois est minimum, la valeur des angles diminue sur une longueur caractéristique B lorsque l'écart entre parois augmente. Cet effet peut s'expliquer par la redirection d'une partie des contraintes internes au tas vers les parois, ce qui y induit des forces de frottement prévenant ou bloquant l'écoulement. Deux lois d'échelles dépendantes de la taille des grains sont mises en évidence pour la longueur B : l'effet des parois est géométrique pour les gros grains alors qu'un régime cohésif est observé pour les petits grains. Enfin, nous rapportons les résultats de premières expériences dans l'air où la vitesse des grains est mesurée et apparaÎt exponentiellement décroissante avec la profondeur.
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Scheiwiller, Thomas Scheiwiller T. "Dynamics of powder-snow avalanches /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1986. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=7951.

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Dunning, Stuart A. "Rock avalanches in high mountains." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/322902.

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Rock avalanches are a high magnitude, low frequency catastrophic mass movement involving the failure of over 1 x 106 m3 of mountainside. Rock avalanches are considered a major hazard of the high mountains due to the excessive run-out often associated with them. To date the mechanism that allows for such excessive travel distance is unproven although several dozen possibilities have been proposed. Rock-avalanche deposits exhibit characteristic features such as sharp lateral margins, confinement to local topography, super-elevation on valley sides, intensely fragmented interiors and preserved stratigraphy relative to the source. However, there are few detailed studies of the internal sedimentology of rock-avalanche deposits. Such studies are a vital piece of evidence in the search for the mechanisms of motion as rock avalanches are rarely witnessed. This thesis examines the detailed sedimentology of five rock avalanche deposits of varied lithology and morphology. A novel methodology is developed to sample deposits for their grainsize distributions (GSD). The GSD's prove similar for deposits, with significant variation due to preserved lithological banding in the interior. This finding refutes the commonly held view that rock-avalanche deposits are simply inversely graded. Instead, a facies model is developed of a coarse Carapace facies forming the surface and near surface that overlies a highly fragmented Body facies that is in turn underlain by the Basal facies that is free to interact with the substrate. The sedimentology of the Body facies is considered in fine detail and is shown to be fractal in nature, that is, self-similar at all scales of observation. A predictive sedimentological plot is presented that allows generation of the grain-size distribution and descriptive statistics from a simple estimation of weight percent gravel at a rock avalanche exposure. The morphology of rock-avalanche deposits are examined and a classification presented of 'spread' 'two-phase' and 'stalled'. The hazard and features of each morphology is described in relation to the observed deposits.
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Cooperstein, Michael Stephen. "The effects of slope aspect on the formation of surface hoar and diurnally recrystalized near-surface faceted crystals." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/cooperstein/CoopersteinM0508.pdf.

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This research was conducted to determine if slope aspect played a role in the formation, size and shape of surface hoar and near-surface faceted crystals and on the meteorological variables that are known to result in the formation of these two weak layers. No studies have specifically studied the effects of slope aspect on the size and shape of these crystals nor the effects of slope aspect on the meteorological variables which are known to result in differences in temperature and vapor pressure gradients and ultimately result in the formation of two weak layers.
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Chiu, Yu-ho, and 趙汝豪. "Design of barriers against recurrent debris flows." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30431669.

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Spigler, Stefano. "Les avalanches dans les systèmes vitreux." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET021/document.

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Beaucoup de systèmes qui ont un certain degré de désordre ont des similaritésdans leur structure: le paysage énergétique est aléatoire et il a plusieursminima locaux de l’énergie. Quand on ajoute une petite perturbation externeau système à basse temprature, il est raisonnable d’attendre que la dynamiqueconduira le système d’un minimum à l’autre, et ça donne lieu à une réponsealéatoire et saccadé. Les sautes discontinus que l’on observe sont appelésavalanches, et l’intérêt de ce travail est le calcul de leur distribution. Undes résultats est en effet le développement d’un cadre pour calculer cettedistribution dans des systèmes en dimension infinie qui peuvent être décritsavec le replica symmetry breaking. Nous appliquons les résultats à l’un desmodèles les plus simples des verres structuraux, c’est à dire les empilementsdenses de sphères molles avec répulsion harmonique, avec une déformation(shear strain) du volume comme perturbation. Nous soutenons que, quandla déformation est suffisamment petite, une portion de la distribution desavalanches devient une loi de puissance, dont l’exposant peut être directementlié au paramètre d’ordre de la brisure de symétrie de replica. Cet exposant estégalement lié à la distribution des forces de contact (au moins entre certainessphères), dont le comportement asymptotique on sais que ne dpends pasfortement de la dimension spatiale; pour cette raison nous comparons lesprdictions de champ moyen en dimension infinie avec des simulation du mêmesystème en dimension trois et, remarquablement, on trouve un bon accord.Dans le reste de la thèse nous discutons aussi les similarités avec des travauxprécédents et quelques consquences que la distribution des avalanches donnesur les propriétés élastiques de la matière granulaire dense
Many systems that are somehow characterized by a degree of disorder sharea similar structure: the energy landscape has many sample-dependent localenergy minima. When a small external perturbation is applied to the systemat low temperature, it is reasonable to expect that the dynamics will leadthe system from a minimum to another, thus displaying a random and jerkyresponse. The discontinuous jumps that one observes are called avalanches,and the focus of this work is the computation of their distribution. Oneof the results is indeed the development of a framework that allows thecomputation of this distribution in infinite-dimensional systems that canbe described within a replica symmetry breaking ansatz. We apply theresults to one of the simplest models of structural glasses, namely densepackings of (harmonic) soft spheres, either at jamming or at larger densities,subject to a shear transformation that induces jumps both in the totalenergy and in the shear stress of the system. We argue that, when theshear strain is small enough, the avalanche distribution develops a power-lawbehavior, whose exponent can be directly related to the functional orderparameter of the replica symmetry breaking solution. This exponent is alsorelated to the distribution of contact forces (or at least of the contact forcesbetween some of the spheres), whose asymptotic behavior is known not todepend strongly on the spatial dimension; for this reason, we compare theinfinite-dimensional prediction with three dimensional simulations of thesame systems and, remarkably, we find a good agreement. In the rest of thethesis we compare our results with previous works, and we also discuss someof the consequences that the avalanche distribution lead to, concerning thestatistical elastic properties of dense granular media
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Books on the topic "Avalanches Avalanches"

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Avalanches. Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Publications, 2009.

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Avalanches. [Chanhassen, MN]: Child's World, 1998.

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Avalanches. New York: PowerKids Press, 1999.

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Merrick, Patrick. Avalanches. Mankato, MN: The Childs World Inc, 2015.

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Avalanches. Mankato, Minn: Pebble Plus, 2010.

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Avalanches. Minneapolis, MN: ABDO Publishing Company, 2014.

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Aaseng, Nathan. Avalanches. San Diego, Calif: Lucent Books, 2002.

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Kopp, Megan. Avalanches. New York, NY: Smartbook Media Inc., 2015.

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Spilsbury, Louise. Crushing avalanches. Oxford: Heinemann Library, 2003.

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Walker, Jane. Avalanches and landslides. New York, NY: Shooting Star Press, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Avalanches Avalanches"

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Stethem, Chris. "Avalanches." In Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards, 31–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_7.

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Lied, K. "Snow Avalanches." In Natural Disasters and Sustainable Development, 141–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08905-7_9.

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Ancey, Christophe. "Snow Avalanches." In Environmental Geomechanics, 39–71. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118619834.ch2.

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Cherepanov, Genady P. "Snow Avalanches." In Invariant Integrals in Physics, 197–214. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28337-7_9.

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Shew, Woodrow. "Neuronal Avalanches." In Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience, 1–8. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7320-6_743-3.

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Plenz, Dietmar, and Woodrow Shew. "Neuronal Avalanches." In Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience, 1–8. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7320-6_743-4.

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Shew, Woodrow. "Neuronal Avalanches." In Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience, 2018–24. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6675-8_743.

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Roverato, Matteo, and Anja Dufresne. "Volcanic Debris Avalanches: Introduction and Book Structure." In Volcanic Debris Avalanches, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57411-6_1.

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Watt, Sebastian F. L., Jens Karstens, and Christian Berndt. "Volcanic-Island Lateral Collapses and Their Submarine Deposits." In Volcanic Debris Avalanches, 255–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57411-6_10.

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Procter, Jonathan N., Anke V. Zernack, and Shane J. Cronin. "Computer Simulation of a Volcanic Debris Avalanche from Mt. Taranaki, New Zealand." In Volcanic Debris Avalanches, 281–310. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57411-6_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Avalanches Avalanches"

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MILIAN, Narcisa, Dorian Udo RECKERTH, Adela Mariana MITEA, Ioana Cristina BLAGA, and Gabriela Victoria HARPA. "Favorable Avalanche Triggering Conditions and Risk During 2019-2020 Winter." In Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2021 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2021_19.

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The paper presents and analyzes the variations of meteorological and specific snow parameters which favored the onset of avalanches in the winter season 2019-2020 in the mountains monitored by the Snow and Avalanche Program of the National Meteorological Administration, taking also into account the estimated avalanche risks for each massif. The analyzed parameters are those measured during the daily observations and weekly measurements at the meteorological stations Bâlea-Lac, Vârful Omu, Sinaia, Predeal, Parâng, Țarcu, Semenic, Vlădeasa, Iezer, Călimani, Ceahlău, as well as during some measurement campaigns outside the meteorological stations area. Avalanche cases and favorable conditions for their triggering are included in a database, to be analyzed and used to better estimate the avalanche risk and reduce their effects on the environment and people. The favorable conditions for triggering the avalanches were due to both significant snowfall, high temperature values or their sudden increase, as well as the transformations that take place inside the snow layer, as a result of which unstable structures are formed.
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Adams, Edward E. "Avalanches and microstructure." In 2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2010.5447037.

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Romero-Rochín, Víctor. "Boltzmann, Ratchets and Avalanches." In MODERN CHALLENGES IN STATISTICAL MECHANICS: Patterns, Noise, and the Interplay of Nonlinearity and Complexity; Pan American Advanced Studies Institute. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1566653.

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Evesque, Pierre, and Patrice Porion. "PHYSICS OF SANDPILE AND AVALANCHES." In Proceedings of the Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814447089_0022.

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"BEYOND DENSE Flow AVALANCHES (bDFA)." In Earth System Sciences (ESS). Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/ess-bdfas1.

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Balland, Philippe. "Risk avalanches in financial markets." In Disordered and complex systems. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1358194.

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de Arcangelis, L., H. J. Herrmann, C. Perrone-Capano, Sumiyoshi Abe, Hans Herrmann, Piero Quarati, Andrea Rapisarda, and Constantino Tsallis. "Neuronal avalanches and brain plasticity." In COMPLEXITY, METASTABILITY, AND NONEXTENSIVITY: An International Conference. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2828739.

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Pasol, A. "Winter Extreme Events – Romanian Carpathian Avalanches." In Air and Water Components of the Environment Conference. Casa Cartii de Stiinta, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2017_13.

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Kumar, Krishna, Kenichi Soga, and Jean-Yves Delenne. "Multi-scale modelling of granular avalanches." In POWDERS AND GRAINS 2013: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Micromechanics of Granular Media. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4812165.

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Retiere, Fabrice, and Kyle Boone. "Delayed avalanches in Multi-Pixel Photon Counters." In 2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2012 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2012.6551378.

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Reports on the topic "Avalanches Avalanches"

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Jamieson, B. Snow Avalanches. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/212213.

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Nirei, Makoto, and José Scheinkman. Repricing Avalanches. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28654.

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Philibert, G., A. Normandeau, D. C. Campbell, and R. Bennett. Underwater avalanches, Qikiqtarjuaq, Baffin Island. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321864.

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Philibert, G., A. Normandeau, D. C. Campbell, and R. Bennett. Underwater avalanches, Pangnirtung, Baffin Island. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321863.

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Leal, Laura, Haaris Mateen, Makoto Nirei, and José Scheinkman. Repricing Avalanches in the Billion-Prices Data. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29236.

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Jackson, L. E., and J. S. Isobe. Rock Avalanches in the Pelly Mountains, Yukon Territory. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/131396.

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Fredrickson, E., R. Bell, D. Darrow, N. Gorelenkov, G. Kramer, S. Kubota, F. Levinton, et al. Modeling Fast Ion Transport in TAE Avalanches in NSTX. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/962923.

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Zara Hickman, Zara Hickman. How has Climate Change Altered the Frequency of Colorado Avalanches? Experiment, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/5415.

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Glazier, J. A. Fingering Instabilities, Collapse, Avalanches and Self-Organized Criticality in Liquid Foams. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837077.

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Fredrickson, E. D., D. S. Darrow, N. N. Gorelenkov, G. J. Kramer, S. Kubota, M. Podesta, R. B. White, et al. Fast-ion Energy Loss During TAE Avalanches in the National Spherical Torus Experiment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1056482.

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