Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Avaliação neuropsicológica e função executiva'
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Dutra, Vivian de Freitas 1985. "Avaliação neuropsicológica de crianças e adolescentes com hiperfenilalaninemias." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310806.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A fenilcetonúria é um erro inato do metabolismo, com incidência entre 1:10000 e 1:15000 nascidos vivos. Trata-se de uma doença de herança autossômica recessiva, caracterizada pela deficiência da enzima hepática fenilalanina hidroxilase ou de seu co-fator tetraidrobiopterina, que, na rota metabólica normal, são responsáveis por converter a fenilalanina em tirosina. O acúmulo de fenilalanina é tóxico ao Sistema Nervoso Central. O défict nos níveis de tirosina leva ao desequilíbrio metabólico que pode causar hipotonia, irritabilidade, letargia, tonturas, microcefalia, características autistas, défict cognitivo e atraso de desenvolvimento. O tratamento é baseado na dieta restrita em fenilalanina. Quando a dieta é iniciada precocemente, o prognóstico cognitivo é bom e os pacientes apresentam QI dentro da média. Embora não haja rebaixamento de QI, alguns estudos mostram que os resultados de avaliação neuropsicológica dos pacientes são piores do que irmãos e pares sem a doença, especialmente com relação a funções executivas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar o desempenho de crianças e adolescentes com fenilcetonúria tratados em um Serviço de Referência no Brasil em provas neuropsicológicas de memória e funções executivas, e comparar com aquele apresentado por pares sem a doença. Participaram do estudo 12 crianças e adolescentes com fenilcetonúria leve, oito com hiperfenilalaninemia permanentemente e uma com fenilcetonúria clássica. A idade do grupo caso índice variou entre seis e 15 anos (m=9,52±2,82). O grupo controle foi formado por 21 crianças e adolescentes com idade entre seis e 14 anos (m=9,19±2,84), recrutados em uma escola de rede municipal. Como instrumento para a avaliação neuropsicológica foi utilizada a Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para crianças (WISC-III, 2002) e uma bateria para avaliação de funções executivas, incluindo o Teste de Trilhas, Teste de aprendizagem verbal de Rey, Teste de aprendizagem visual de Rey, teste de fluência verbal FAS e categoria "animais", teste de Stroop e Torre de Hanói. Os dados foram armazenados e analisados com programa estatístico SPSS - Statistic Package for Social Sciences, versão 13.5, considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre o desempenho do grupo de pacientes e o grupo controle, para nenhum dos achados neuropsicológicos. Apenas uma criança neste estudo apresentou diagnóstico de PKU clássica, a forma da doença com pior prognostico cognitivo. A média de idade de diagnóstico dos participantes foi de 35 dias e 75% dos participantes apresentaram resultados de exame de PHE<8,0 no ano anterior à avaliação neuropsicológica. Os achados concordam com a literatura que indica a importância do tratamento para garantir um bom desenvolvimento cognitivo. Futuros estudos podem avaliar também funções não executivas, e estudos colaborativos entre diferentes centros de tratamento podem fornecer uma amostra mais significativa da população estudada
Abstract: Phenylketonuria is an autossomal recessive metabolic disease caused by a mutation in the gene for the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase which makes it nonfunctional. It is one of the most common inborn errors of metabolism, with an incidence of 1:10000 to 1:15000 live births. Accumulation of PHE is toxic to the central nervous system. Low levels of tyrosine add to the metabolic abnormality and patients may present hypotonia, irritability, lethargy, dizziness, microcephaly, autistic features, cognitive impairment and developmental delay. The standard treatment is based on a lifelong diet with low levels of phenylalanine. When PKU restricted diet is started early in life, the cognitive outcome is excellent, and patients have normal IQ. Although there is no cognitive impairment, some studies showed that their neuropsychological scores might be lower than the ones of their peers and siblings, especially regarding executive functions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the neuropsychological performance of children and adolescents with the different types of hyperphenylalaninemia treated at a tertiary center in Brazil and compare with a control group with similar age and socioeconomic level. 12 children and teenagers with mild PKU, eight with HPA and one with classic PKU were evaluated. Age ranged between six and 15 years (m=9,52±2,82). Control group were formed by 21 non-pku children and teenagers with ages between six and 14 years (m=9,19±2,84), recruited in a public school. Neuropsychological evaluation was performed using the Wechsler Inteligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-III, Stroop Test, Rey Auditive Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Rey Visual Design Learning Test (RVDLT),Trail Making Test (TMT), Verbal Fluency Test (categorie: animals and letters F,A,S) and Hanoi Tower. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of our institution. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Personal Computer (SPSS/PC), Version 13.5; with a level of significance of 0.05. There was no difference regarding the neuropsychological findings between both the hyperphenylalaninemia and mild phenylketonuria groups and control group. One children in this study had classic PKU. Mean diagnostic age was 35 days and 75% of participant's present PHE concentrations < 8,0 mg/dl. These findings are in concordance to literature that indicates the importance of dietetic treatment for an adequate cognitive outcome. Further research could also evaluate non-executive functions and collaborative studies between different centers could provide a larger sample size
Mestrado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Mestra em Ciências Médicas
Czermainski, Fernanda Rasch. "Avaliação neuropsicológica das funções executivas no transtorno do espectro do autismo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/63201.
Full textThis dissertation aimed to investigate executive function in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). In the first study, we performed a systematic review of publications from 2001 to 2011, which assessed executive function in this sample. In the second study, was done a performance comparison of two groups of children and adolescents, a group with ASD (n=11) and a control group with typical development (n=19), in tasks of executive function and working memory. It was concluded that, although the review study has found evidence of intact (problem-solving, working memory) and dysfunctional (planning, flexibility, verbal fluency, inhibition) executive components in samples with ASD, the empirical study indicated lower performance of executive function in ASD group, involving components of inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, planning, working memory and verbal fluency.
Moraes, Mirleny Lucena de. "Avaliação neuropsicológica da atenção e da memória em pacientes com narcolepsia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-22082011-172315/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: A pioneering study on the neuropsychological assessment of several types of attention and memory in Brazilian narcoleptic outpatients. Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder which the main symptoms are Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) and the occurrence of Rapid Eye Movements (REM) daytime sleep attacks, particularly during monotonous situations. Narcolepsy may be associated with episodes of cataplexy (sudden reduction or loss of muscular tonus not accompanied by loss of consciousness), sleep paralysis (inability to move at falling asleep or waking up) and hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations (onirical images that pervade the state of wakefulness) before falling asleep or at waking up, respectively. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the standard, the quality of sleep, the presence of EDS, traits and symptoms of depression, selective/oriented, sustained and executive attention, immediate, late and working memories, and verify associations among sleep, traits and symptoms of depression and neuropsychological functions. METHOD: The study group comprised 19 narcoleptic outpatients treated at the Neurology Clinic, ages ranging from 22 to 51 years (mean = 38.00; sd = 8.93), compared with 19 subjects not suffering from sleep disorders, ages ranging from 19 to 55 years (mean = 34.42; sd = 12.31) of control group. The material employed in the study included: preliminary interview, Brazil Economic Classification (CEB), Epworth Sleepiness Scale Brazilian Portuguese Version (ESS-BR), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Brazilian Portuguese Version (PSQI-BR), Ravens Progressive Matrices (RPM), Hamilton Rating for Depression (HAMD), d2 Test, Victoria Stroop Test (VST), Trail Making Test (TMT), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), The Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test II (RBMT-II), WAIS-III: Letter-Number Sequencing (SNL), Digit Span Forward and Backward Subtests and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test. RESULTS: The groups were homogeneous in sociodemographic variables. Standard and quality of sleep were significantly impaired in the subjects of study group: Disorders (p = 0.007), EDS + disorders (p < 0.001) and EDS (p < 0.001). Traits and symptoms degrees of depression was higher for subjects of study group (p = 0.003). Performance of both groups was equivalent as to oriented/selective and sustained attention besides immediate and late visual memories. Subjects of study group were slower at VST-1 (p = 0.002) and VST-2 (p = 0.045) and at TMT, impaired at divided attention (p = 0.024). Immediate and late verbal memories were impaired only at some RAVLT trials. SNL results were worse for subjects of study group (p = 0.009). Correlations among sleep, traits and symptoms degrees of depression and neuropsychological performance were different for each group. CONCLUSIONS: Narcoleptic patients presented greater impairment in the standard and quality of sleep, EDS, occurrence of traits and symptoms of depression, executive attention and working memory when matched with subjects of the control group. The results of oriented/selective and sustained attention and those of immediate and late verbal and visual memories showed no differences between the groups. Association between EDS and neuropsychological performance which might justify patients subjective complaints about deficits of attention and memory were not confirmed
JANNKE, Marcela Renata Gonçalves Zilio. "Adaptação transcultural da subescala de funções executivas do teste Barcelona: versão para idosos." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2017. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/643.
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The objective of this study was to was to carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of a subscale that evaluates the Executive Functions of the “Programa Integrado de Exploração Neuropsicológica - Teste Barcelona (PIEN-TB II)” for the portuguese language. The adapted tests are Category Evocation, Similarities, Situation and Proverb Understanding, Number Key, Interference Resistance, and Inversion of Automatic Series. The experimental version was applied to 120 participants aged 65-87 years, from a region in southern Brazil. Several studies were carried out in search of the psychometric characteristics of the subscale. The exploratory factorial analysis was carried out, identifying a one-dimensional model; In the analysis of internal consistency this factor showed homogeneity among the items (α = 0.67). For the criterion validity study, the general EF score was correlated with the performance obtained on the Wechsler Short Intelligence Scale and on the Wisconsin test and the scores suggested evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Some theoretical hypotheses were found, pointing out that the best performance in EFs was observed among the elderly who were younger, more educated, who had mastered a second language and who used social networks. It can be concluded that the EFs subscale of the PIEN-TB II adapted presented an equivalence in relation to the original version and satisfactory psychometric properties for the application directed to the elderly population.
O objetivo do estudo foi realizar a adaptação transcultural de uma subescala que avalia as Funções Executivas (FE) do Programa Integrado de Exploração Neuropsicológica - Teste Barcelona (PIEN-TB II) para a língua portuguesa. As provas adaptadas são Evocação Categorial, Semelhanças, Compreensão de Situações e Provérbios, Chave de Números, Resistência à Interferência e Inversão de séries Automáticas. A versão experimental foi aplicada em 120 participantes com idades entre 65 e 87 anos, de uma região no sul do Brasil. Foram realizadas várias análises para evidenciar as características psicométricas da subescala. Procedeu-se a análise fatorial exploratória identificando-se um modelo unidimensional; na análise da consistência interna este fator mostrou homogeneidade entre os itens (α = 0,67). Para o estudo de validade de critério o escore geral das FEs foi correlacionado com o desempenho obtido na Escala Wechsler Abreviada de Inteligência e no Wisconsin e os escores sugeriram evidências de validade convergente e discriminante. Algumas hipóteses teóricas foram também constatadas, ressaltando que o melhor desempenho nas FEs foi observado entre os idosos que tinham menos idade, mais escolaridade, que dominavam um segundo idioma e que faziam uso de redes sociais. Pode-se concluir que a subescala de FEs do PIEN-TB II adaptada apresentou equivalência em relação à versão original e propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias para a aplicação direcionada à população de idosos.
Menezes, Itiana Castro. "Avaliação neuropsicológica de funções executivas e da variabilidade simpático/parassimpática cardíaca de pacientes com transtorno de estresse pós-traumático." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/94895.
Full textPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder developed after exposure to an extremely stressful event. Patients with this disorder have a marked impairment in their quality of life, considering the symptoms that include deficits in executive functions, as well as hyperreactivity of sympathetic/parasympathetic system, associated to possible development of other comorbidities associated with PTSD. Still, there are few studies that investigate these aspects in PTSD patients in Brazilian population. In order to better understand the neuropsychological peculiarities of this disorder in order to contribute to the development of more effective and specific treatments, the general aims of the present study are: a) assess patients’ neuropsychological abilities and characteristics and compare them to those belonging to subjects of control group; and , b) study the variability of patients’ and controls’ cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic components after they underwent perception of facial expressions with emotional valences, in conscious and non- conscious ways . The sample consisted of adults aged between 18 and 54 years-old, including both genders. There was no significant difference between PTSD and control groups regarding sex, age and years of schooling in the neuropsychological stage of the study. PTSD group showed cognitive impairment of executive functions in almost all constructs assessed by neuropsychological tests as cognitive flexibility, sustained attention, inhibiting impulses, ability to form abstract concepts and speed of information processing. In the stage of cardiac variability, there was difference between groups profiles concerning to age. When assessing the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of cardiac variability after exposure to human facial expressions was observed greater variability of PTSD group compared to control group. PTSD group showed significant variability of cardiac sympathetic component to neutral facial expression, but no significant change to facial expression of happiness. In these patients, the perception of facial expressions of fear (in conscious and non-conscious ways), anger, sadness, and disgust (in non-conscious way) produced higher variability for the component cardiac sympathetic (LFnu). The parasympathetic component (HFnu) was altered for expressions of anger, sadness, fear, and disgust (both when shown in non-conscious way). The sympathovagal balance (LF/HF) was altered after exposure to facial expressions of fear (in conscious and non-conscious ways), disgust, anger, and sadness. These results indicate that subjects with PTSD already have a heightened cardiac reactivity mainly due to the sympathetic component for almost all the basic emotions that were present in human facial expressions shown - which could already be observed when there was significant sympathetic reactivity after exposure to neutral facial expression. These data suggest a relationship between psychophysiological changes in patients with PTSD and sympathetic and parasympathetic exacerbated responses when conscious and non-conscious perception of pictures with emotional content occurs. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of PTSD, to a propose of how to assess the physiological response condition of these patients, and to evaluate the results and prognostic of treatments based on quantitative data additional to that currently exist.
Afiune, Fernanda Guedes. "Alterações cognitivas em pacientes idosos com insuficiência cardíaca." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7524.
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Among the various diseases that affect the elderly stand out from them cardiovascular disease among them heart failure (HF). Recently seeks to check for cognitive impairment associated with physical and psychological damage commonly known in the IC. We analyzed a population of patients with heart failure in order to compare their cognitive performance with that of individuals with normal aging in paired age. It was also verified whether there was any more specific impairment of some cognitive function in these HF patients. Through neuropsychological tests it was compared to 78 elderly and 37 in the control group (mean age 68.3 ± 6.3), 41 clinical group with mean age of 68.6 ± 6.9). The subjects were matched to the level of education with a predominance of elderly people with 0-4 years of education (65.9% in the Clinical Group and 59.5% in the control group). We used 11 neuropsychological tests covering the cognitive functions: attention, language, memory, mood and executive function. The results showed significant differences mainly in executive functions which include planning capacity, organization, alternation and evocation of Previously stored information. Cognitive performance in other functions was similar between the groups. The data collected when indicating cognitive impairment in individuals with HF, suggest that new studies be performed with this population since the impairments in cognitive abilities have implications in the daily life of the individual, in their independence and quality of life, as well as in adherence to treatment.
Dentre as diversas patologias que acometem os idosos destacam-se as doenças cardiovasculares, entre elas a Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC). Recentemente, busca-se verificar a existência de prejuízos cognitivos associados a prejuízos físicos e psicológicos, comumente conhecidos na IC. Analisamos uma população de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca com o objetivo de comparar seu desempenho cognitivo com o de indivíduos com envelhecimento normal em idade pareada. Verificou-se, ainda, se havia nesses pacientes com IC algum comprometimento mais específico de alguma função cognitiva. Foram utilizados onze testes neuropsicológicos abrangendo as funções cognitivas: atenção, linguagem, memória, humor e função executiva. A amostra foi composta de 78 idosos ao total. O grupo controle foi composto de 37 indivíduos (com idade média de 68,3 ± 6,3) e o grupo clínico de 41 indivíduos (com idade média de 68,6 ± 6,9). Os sujeitos foram pareados em relação ao nível de escolaridade, com predomínio de idosos com 0 a 4 anos de estudo (65,9% no Grupo Clínico e 59,5 % no Grupo Controle). Os resultados apontaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos, principalmente nas funções executivas, que englobam capacidade de planejamento, organização, alternância e evocação da informação anteriormente armazenada. O desempenho atentivo mostrou-se alterado no que se refere à atenção alternada, bem como no que diz respeito à velocidade de processamento, tendo o grupo clínico mostrado pior desempenho nessas habilidades. A memória de curto prazo também possui pior desempenho no grupo clínico, grupo que, ademais, apresentou dificuldades na memória de longo prazo, sofrendo interferência de prejuízos executivos nessa habilidade. Os dados colhidos ao apontarem prejuízos cognitivos nos indivíduos com IC sugerem que novos estudos sejam realizados com essa população, visto que os prejuízos nas habilidades cognitivas implicam em danos no cotidiano do indivíduo, na sua independência e na qualidade de vida, bem como na adesão ao tratamento.
Bolfer, Cristiana Pacheco Martini. "Avaliação neuropsicológica da funções executivas e da atenção antes e depois do uso do metilfenidato em crianças com transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-24022015-115036/.
Full textPURPOSES: To determine whether neuropsychological tests of attention and executive functions present correlations, in children with ADHD combined subtype, with the diagnosis and clinical outcome after treatment with methylphenidate, and to propose a protocol, with the most significant tests. METHODS: In this longitudinal study we selected 23 boys, aged between nine and 12 years old, with ADHD without comorbidities diagnosed according to the DSM-IV, IQ>=89, not previously treated for ADHD, who could read and write and were in monitoring in the Learning Disorders Ambulatory, at FMUSP Hospital das Clínicas. The following instruments were used: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC III), Voluntary Visual Attention Psychophysical Test (VVAPT), Cancellation Test, Trail Making Test Parts A and B, Stroop Test and Visual Attention Test - Third Edition (TAVIS 3R). The experiment corresponds to two stages: clinical and neuropsychological assessments of attention and executive functions in patients with ADHD; and reassessment, with the same tests after three months of drug therapy using methylphenidate. We compared the performance on the tests with that of the control group (n = 30) also evaluated in two stages, with the same time interval. SNAP-IV scale was also compared between subjects and control group under the same conditions. RESULTS: When the subjects were not medicated, their performance was poorer than the control group\'s, on the following tests: WISC III subtests coding p<0.001; digits p<0.001 and digits span backward p<0.001. VVAPT valid pointer to the right p<0.001; valid fixed pointer p<0.001; valid alternate pointer p<0.001 and invalid alternate pointer p<0.001. Cancellation Test, execution time on board II p=0.001 and omission errors on boards I and III p=0.002. Trail making Test, execution time part A p=0.032. Stroop Test, execution time dots card p=0.016 and errors color card p=0.017. TAVIS 3R, omission errors on task 1 p<0.001, reaction time on task 2 p=0,001, omission errors on task 2 p<0.001 and reaction time on task 3 p<0.001. After medication treatment, the ADHD group present fewer errors when compared to itself without methylphenidate. Excluding the tests, whose improvement was attributed to learning, after controls were reassessed, the tests with statistical significance were: WISC III subtests arithmetic p<0.001; digits p<0.001 and span digits backward p<0.001. VVAPT, most tasks with p<0.001, except invalid pointer to the right and invalid alternate pointer. Cancellation Test, execution time board II p<0.001 and omission errors board I p<0.001. Trail Making Test, execution time part B p<0,001. Stroop Test, execution time dots card p=0.005, words card p=0.001 and errors color card p<0.001. TAVIS 3R, omission and commission errors task 1 p<0.001; reaction time, omission and commission errors task 2 p<0.001 and reaction time task 3 p<0.001. For SNAP-IV, filled by parents and teachers, a significant improvement was observed, with p<0.001. The analysis of the ROC curve (receiver operator characteristic curve) showed the following tests as being the most significant ones, in decrescent order of importance: VVAPT valid fixed pointer (0.961), reaction time task 3 TAVIS 3R (0.955), VVAPT invalid pointer to the right (0.954), VVAPT valid alternate pointer (0.948) and valid pointer to the left (0.943), WISC III picture completion subtest (0.938), reaction time task 2 TAVIS 3R (0.915), WISC III arithmetic subtest (0.899), VVAPT valid pointer to the right (0.893), execution time Stroop Test word card (0.891), VVAPT invalid fixed pointer (0.886), WISC III subtest digits (0.885), error Stroop color card (0,882), WISC III subtests span digits backward (0,870) and coding (0.865), reaction time task 1 TAVIS 3R (0,844), execution time of Trail Making Part B (0.843), VVAPT invalid alternate pointer (0.832), omission errors task 2 TAVIS 3R (0,826), execution time Trail Making Test Part A (0.812), WISC III information subtest (0.817), execution time Cancellation Test board III (0.816) and commission errors task 2 TAVIS 3R (0,810). CONCLUSION: The analysis of the SNAP-IV questionnaires, before and after treatment, showed unmistakable signs of clinical improvement after medication treatment. The presence of attention deficits and executive functions, in children with ADHD aged from nine to 12 years old compared to the control group, and the observation of significant improvement after treatment with methylphenidate, in several of the tests used, demonstrated the importance of this type of evaluation, which enabled proposing a selective set of neuropsychological tests for the assessment and therapeutic follow-up of children with ADHD therapy
Armentano, Cristiane Garcia da Costa. "Estudo do desempenho na Bateria de Avaliação Comportamental da Síndrome Disexecutiva (BADS) no espectro indivíduos saudáveis, comprometimento cognitivo leve amnéstico e doença de Alzheimer." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-01122011-095901/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Alzheimer Disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia in our country. Its progressive feature has been thoroughly studied as well as the intermediate pre-clinical stage of the disease. Some epidemiological studies corroborate that elderly patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) present greater risks of developing dementia and AD. Deficits in episodic memory are pointed out here as the best tool to make the differential diagnosis however, executive deficits are also characteristic of the initial phases of AD and are clinically correlated to neuropsychiatric symptoms and loss of functional performance. The Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) is a battery of tests used to evaluate problems that occur in daily life activities due to the dysexecutive syndrome. A few studies reported the performance of executive syndromes among patients with MCI, PSAD and AD. OBJECTIVES: To compare BADS performance to control group, patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI) and mild onset AD with presenile and senile onset and also check the accuracy of BADS to differentiate among the groups. METHODS: BADS was administered to 60 healthy controls with mean age of 67.35 (7.40) and Educational levels of 9.52 (4.68); 20 patients with aMCI, mean age was 71.80 (7.79) and educational levels of 9.45 (4.89); 40 patients with probable AD out of which 20 patients had PSAD with mean age of 59.85 (4.52), educational levels of 9.40 (4.87) and 20 patients with senile AD with mean age of 79.45 (4.58) and educational levels of 6.45 (3.97). RESULTS: We found significant differences as to BADS performance among the groups in the subtests: rule shift cards, action program, zoo map test, modified six elements and in the three total scores of the battery. We have found early changes in executive functions in patients with AD (regardless of the age at the onset) and patients with aMCI. The subtest, zoo map test, total score and standard score were able to differentiate from the control group and aMCI patients. CONCLUSION: BADS has proved useful to discriminate between groups. Our results confirmed the presence of early changes of executive functions in patients with aMCI and mild AD
Lima, Ellen Marise. "Epilepsia Benigna da Infância com Paroxismos Centrotemporais - delineamento do perfil executivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-29112017-102308/.
Full textBenign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (BECTS) is focal epilepsy with undetermined etiology. At the moment, the term benign has been questioned by the recognition that despite the complete remission of epileptic seizures in 80% of cases and pharmaco-responsivity, there are cognitive and psychiatric comorbidities that may compromise quality of life and school performance. The most frequent psychiatric comorbidity is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). One of the most important cognitive functions, the Executive Functions (EF), in its cool (mental flexibility, mental information tracking, abstraction capacity and attention) and hot domains (decision making, social cognition and impulse control), may be impaired in both disorders, BECTS and ADHD. Despite the high prevalence of this syndrome, ADHD and EF are poorly investigated and described in this population. Moreover, with the few studies previously done, it is not possible to describe if the executive deficits found are related to the clinical variables of epilepsy, the epileptiform activity itself, the psychiatric comorbidity or the sum of these factors. Thus, the general objective of this study was to analyze the profile of executive performance in children and adolescents with BECTS. This was a cross-sectional, controlled (double-matched) and non-randomized cohort study. The executive profile of children and adolescents of both genders, aged 6 to 16 years, was evaluated through a comparative analysis of three groups (total of 63 subjects): Group I (23 patients with BECTS); Group II (20 patients with ADHD and without epilepsy) and Group III (20 healthy children and adolescents without epilepsy, without ADHD and without any neurological or psychiatric diagnosis). The neuropsychological evaluation consisted of a comprehensive battery with 22 instruments for detailed executive functions evaluation in its multiple domains (attention, cool and hot EF), intellectual potential and academic performance. Our results showed that patients with BECTS presented worse performance in the areas of cold and hot executive functioning compared to controls. The presence of ADHD was associated with greater impairment in the executive functioning of patients with BECTS. In addition, the executive and attentional profile of these patients was different from that presented by children with ADHD and without epilepsy. There was a correlation between the clinical variables of epilepsy (especially time of seizure control, number of antiepileptic medication, presence and laterality of epileptiform discharges) and worse executive functioning. Thus, the need for greater attention to the hot executive functions and to the presence of the coexistence of ADHD in the BECTS, both neglected in the studies with this epileptic syndrome of the childhood, is emphasized. Thus, a better delineation of adequate and effective cognitive difficulties, prognosis and intervention for children and adolescents with BECTS can be provided
Quesada, Andrea Amaro. "Avaliação neuropsicológica verbal versus não-verbal de crianças com epilepsia." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2007. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/1137.
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O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as funções cognitivas afetadas pela epilepsia, os principais fatores associados a esses comprometimentos e comparar a sensibilidade para funções cognitivas de testes verbais e não-verbais de inteligência. Foram avaliadas 30 crianças com idades entre três anos e sete meses e onze anos e oito meses, com diagnóstico de epilepsia, em acompanhamento pelo Ambulatório de Pediatria do Hospital Universitário de Brasília, Serviço de Neurologia Infantil. Além dos exames neurológicos clínicos, eletroencefalograma (EEG) e, em alguns casos, de neuroimagem, as crianças também foram submetidas a baterias verbais (WISC e WPPSI) e não-verbais (SON-R) de avaliação das funções cognitivas. As funções viso-perceptuais foram avaliadas utilizando-se o teste Gestáltico Visomotor Bender. De acordo com os resultados, em geral, a epilepsia afetou as funções cognitivas como um todo e de forma homogênea. A média dos QIs (quocientes intelectuais) foi inferior à da população normal e, dentre os índices fatoriais, a média foi limítrofe para Resistência à Distração, o que pode estar relacionado ao uso de DAEs. Por outro lado, não foram constatadas diferenças de desempenho intelectual entre crianças com epilepsia do tipo focal e generalizada e nem entre as tratadas com monoterapia e politerapia. Além disso, o modelo de avaliação usado nesse estudo se mostrou eficaz para a intervenção multidisciplinar em ambulatório hospitalar ao possibilitar uma compreensão maior das relações entre as variáveis estudadas e oferecer subsídios para as ações interventivas da equipe junto aos pacientes. ___________________________________________________________________________-____ ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to identify the cognitive functions affected by epilepsy, the main factors associated to these functions decays and to compare the sensitiveness to cognitive functions of verbal and non-verbal tests of intelligence. Thirty children with diagnosed epilepsy, aged between three years, seven months and eleven years, eight months old and under the supervision of the Pediatric Neurological Service of Hospital University of Brasília were analyzed. The children were submitted to clinic neurological exams, electroencephalograms (EEG) and, in some cases, neuroimage exams. Besides, the cognitive functions of these children were assessed by verbal (WISC-III e WPPSI-III) and non-verbal tests of intelligence (SON-R). The visual perception was analysed by the Bender test (Gestaltic Visualmotor Test). In general, the subjects diagnosed with epilepsy had a global and homogeneous demotion in all investigated cognitive functions. The mean IQ of (intelligence quotient) these children was lower than that of normal children. The mean of Distraction Resistance, among the fatorial index, was borderline, which can be associated to use of antiepileptic drugs. On the other hand, no differences were found in the intellectual performance of children diagnosed with generalized epilepsy and of those children diagnosed parcial epilepsy and nor between children treated with one antiepileptic drug and two or more antiepileptic drugs. Besides, the neuropsychological evaluation model of this work showed itself effective to multidisciplinary intervention in hospital context with great demand, allowing the comprehension about relations among analyzed variables and offering subsidies to interventive actions of staff to these children.
Lee, Alessandra Ferreira Barbosa. "Avaliação da função executiva e da fluência verbal em pacientes com doença de Parkinson." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-23042018-124732/.
Full textPatients with Parkinson´s disease (PD) can present several non-motor symptoms, including cognitive deficits. Executive function deficits can be observed since the early stages of PD and impact on functional independence and quality of life. The executive function is essential to the activities of daily living, which require cognitive-motor integration. The performance of activities of daily living depends not only on the motor system, but also on the sensory/ perceptual interpretation and processing and the selection and planning of the best motor strategy. Therefore, many activities of daily living can be affected by deficits in the executive function in patients with PD. In such tasks, cognitive and motor components compete for attentional resources, which may impair the performance of one or both tasks. However, most studies focus on to the analysis of dual-tasks involving orthostatic balance and gait, but they do not approach other motor tasks. The objectives of this study were (1) to compare the performance of patients with PD with a control group in executive function (Trail Making Test) and verbal fluency tests (semantic and phonemic and oral diadochokinesis /pataka/) and (2) to investigate possible correlations between executive function and verbal fluency. This was a cross-sectional study and the tests were performed individually in a 50-minute single session. Forty people with PD (aged 50 - 79 years, Hoehn & Yahr 2 - 3) and forty controls (with similar age and education) were evaluated with Trail Making Test (TMT, executive function), phonemic/semantic verbal fluency and oral diadochokinesis (/pataka/) tests. In part A of Trail Making Test, participants connected circles with the numbers 1-25, in sequence. In part B, participants connected circles in a sequence with alternated numbers and letters (1-A-2-B-3-C-4-D-5-E-6-F-7-G-8-H-9-I-10-J-11-K-12-L-13). In the phonemic verbal fluency test, participants were instructed to say words beginning with the letter F. In the semantic verbal fluency test, participants were instructed to say out loud as many animals as they could remember, in 60 seconds. In the oral diadochokinesis test, participants were asked to say the /pataka/ sequence as fast as they could. Groups were compared by analyses of variance and the relationships between the variables were investigated by Pearson correlation tests. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between groups (F1,78=10.55; p=0.002) and between Trail Making Test parts (F1,78=154.02; p < 0.001). Part B showed longer times than part A (p < 0.001). People with PD said fewer words in both fluency tests, compared to controls (p < 0.001). People with PD repeated the sequence /pataka/ less times than controls (p=0.019). There was a strong correlation between the phonemic verbal fluency test and the part B of Trail Making Test (r=-0.874 and p=0.001) and between the oral diadochokinesis test and both parts of the Trail Making Test (r=-0.824 e p=0.001). The correlation between the part B of Trail Making Test, which is an executive function measure and reflects the cognitive-motor integration ability, and the verbal fluency tests, evidences the importance of motor control for speech tasks. Speech tasks not only provide cognitive overload, but also motor overload in patients with PD. This knowledge is important in clinical practice, in which therapists must detect the nature of the disability and the task to use this information properly in rehabilitation programs
Ferreira, Larissa de Oliveira e. "Avaliação da função executiva de crianças e adolescentes: desempenho e tempo na To Torre de Hanói." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/1820.
Full textNeuropsychology in recent years has increased the number of research on executive function function. The increase in research was necessary because it is a subject that covers . functions directly linked to cognitive processes necessary for good per performance in daily ormance activities activities, and tasks that require a more elaborat , elaborate reasoning e reasoning. But most research, found . found, has as its object of study groups of children and adolescents with neuropsychi neuropsychiatric atric disorders or dysfunctions dysfunctions. In Brazil there are few standardized ba batte ttery to assess ry executive function. One of the instruments used is the Tower of Hanoi, but there is no consensus on how to apply and which components of this instrumen instrument assesses t executive function function. From this perspective we chose to study the Tower of Hanoi in the assessment of executive function with group of children with normal development . This study tested 55 children and adolescents between 10 and 16 years, with the aim to evaluate the relationship between time and performance in the Tower of Hanoi to assess executive function function. As convergent validity was used to scale . the implementation of WISC III III, which is a w , widely studied intelligence test idely test, which evaluates all components , of executive function and that has to count time as a key factor in the fi final s nal score of all core subtests subtests. The results provide data that seem to show that the number of movements . and me measure the execution time in ToH asure ToH, with children 10 , - 16 years o old, has no ld, discriminative power power, the comparison between the groups 10 , 10-13 years and 14 -16 year years and between genders s genders. We conclude that the ToH unlike many studies showed . that it is not an effective tool in the assessment of executive function in children 10 10-16 years. The measurement of time in carrying out the ToH is not necessary since no significa significant correlation in any of the comparisons made in this study. nt
Em neuropsicologia neuropsicologia, nos últimos anos tem aumentado o número de pesq pesquisas sobre a uisas função executiva. O aumento das pesquisas fez fez-se necessário por tratar tratar-se de um assunto que abrange funções diretamente ligadas a processos cognitivos necessário necessários para o bom desempenho em atividades cotidianas, e em tarefas que exij exijam um am raciocínio mais elaborado. No entanto, a maioria das pesquisas encontrada encontradas tem como s objeto de estudo grupos de crianças e adolescentes com disfunções ou transtornos neuropsiquiátr neuropsiquiátricos, icos, o que não permite esclarecer o que seria o desenvolvimento e o funcionamento da função executiva em grupos sem comprometimentos. No Brasil Brasil, existe existem poucas bateria baterias padronizadas para avaliar a função executiva. Um dos instrumentos muito usado é a Torr Torre de Hanói e (TOH) TOH), porém porém, não existe consenso quanto a forma de aplicação e quais componentes da função ex executiva esse ecutiva instrumento avalia. Com essa perspectiva perspectiva, optou optou-se por estudar a Torre de Hanói na avaliação da função executiva com grupo de crianças com desenvolvimento normal. Foram testadas 55 crianças e adolescentes, entre 10 e 16 anos, com o objetivo de avaliar a relação entre tempo e o d desempenho na Torre de Hanói para a esempenho avaliação da função executiva. Como medida de correlação usou usou-se a escala de ex execução do Wisc ecução III III. Os resultados fornecem dados que parecem demonstrar que o número de movimentos e a medida do tempo na execução na ToH, com crianças de 10 a 16 anos, não tem poder discriminativo, na comparação do desempenho do número e do tempo de execu execução ção ent entre os grupos de 10 a 13 anos, re de 14 a 16 anos e entre os gêneros. Conclu Conclui-se que a medida do tempo na realização da ToH ToH, de acordo com os , dados levantados e em grupos de crianças e adolescentes da 10 a 16 anos não se faz necessária necessária, uma vez que não apre apresentou correlação significativa. sentou
Bosaipo, Nayanne Beckmann. "Do estresse precoce à depressão: avaliação da atividade do eixo Hipotálamo-Pituitária-Adrenal (HPA) e da função cognitiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17148/tde-26082016-153726/.
Full textBACKGROUND: Exposure to early-life stress (ELS) may be associated with depression in adulthood. Evidence shows that changes in the regulatory capacity of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) underlie association. Patients with ELS usually are more clinically ill, showing poorer prognosis and limited response to usual treatments. It is not known yet what the cognitive profile of those patients is and how changes in the HPA axis activity would impact on cognitive functioning. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the HPA axis activity through basal cortisol levels and cognitive functions mediated by the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex in depressed patients with early stress history. METHOD: Study total study sample was 107 subjects, 77 depressed patients and 30 healthy subjects aged between 21 and 60 years of both sexes. Patients had diagnosis confirmed for major depressive episode with symptom severity at least moderate by the time of the evaluations. We used the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) to assess the ELS history splitting the patient sample into two groups, one with early life stress (ELS+) and the other without early stress (ELS-). Participants were assessed for severity of psychiatric symptoms related to depression, such as impulsivity and affective temperament. The neuropsychological evaluation included tests for verbal memory, visuospatial memory, working memory, sustained and divided attention, inhibitory control measures, cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, and IQ. For the endocrine assessment five samples of salivary cortisol and plasma cortisol were analyzed to evaluate HPA axis functioning. RESULTS Seventy-two percent of depressive patients had ELS. ELS itself influenced earlier onset of depressive disorders in patients (p = 0.03). Most of the affective temperaments are more prominent in patients with mood disorders than health controls. Regarding the assessment of the HPA axis activity, ELS + group showed lack of cortisol circadian rhythm (CR) compared to the control group. We also found increased salivary cortisol levels at 22 pm compared to the EP- group (p = 0.04) and a trend toward the control group (p = 0.06). In neuropsychological performance, patients EP + showed deficits compared to controls in all of the cognitive subdomains evaluated (p <0.05 for all test scores) except visuospatial memory (p = 0.13). In contrast, ELS-patients showed worse performance only in working memory (p = 0.006), attentional switching (p = 0.01) and inhibitory control (p = 0.004) compared to controls. Comparisons between patient groups showed that EP + patients had a deficit in color naming (p = 0.01) and a trend toward delayed verbal memory (p = 0.07). We found moderate positive correlations for EP+ patients between decreased variation in salivary cortisol levels in the CR and impairments in cognitive flexibility (? = 0.61; p = 0.002) and also to inhibitory control ( ? = 0.42, p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate a distinct endocrine and neuropsychological profile in patients ELS + compared to depressed EP-. The combination of ELS history and depression resulted in early onset of the depression symptoms, comprehensive cognitive impairment in tasks related to the CPF and hippocampus, and failure in maintaining the circadian rhythm of cortisol.
Macuglia, Greici Conceição Rössler. "Avaliação das funções executivas e de alterações de humor em pacientes com doença de Parkinson." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/165478.
Full textThis work aimed to investigate the executive functions (EF) and mood changes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The first study sought to present a systematic review of the literature on the subject. In the second, in an empirical study, we compared the performance in EF and mood in a group of PD patients (N = 40) and a control group (N = 30). The clinical group had a significantly poorer performance on several measures of cognitive assessment, especially the BADS, but not for the variables anxiety and depression (p <0.05). The results show that changes in EF are frequent disorders, even in early stages of PD.
Conti, Juliana. "Teste de desempenho da função executiva: adaptação transcultural, avaliação das propriedades psicométricas e validade de constructo em indivíduos com acidente vascular cerebral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-13092018-091817/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Cognitive impairments occur in 30-55% of patients with stroke and contribute significantly to functional dependence. Executive dysfunction occurs in 18.5% to 39% of patients who present cognitive impairments. Occupational therapy aims to facilitate independence and autonomy, hence improving quality of life. Adequate assessment of executive dysfunction is required in order to plan rehabilitation. There is a lack of validated tools that occupational therapists can use to assess executive dysfunction in individuals with stroke in Brazil. The Executive Function Performance Test was developed in the United States by occupational therapists, in order to assess the need for assistance to perform four basic daily tasks: prepare a quick meal, make a phone call, take the prescribed medication and pay two utility bills. The objectives of this work are to: (1) perform the cross-cultural adaptation and evaluate the psychometric properties (internal consistency, intra and inter rater reliabilities) of the Brazilian version of the Executive Function Performance Test in patients with stroke; (2) evaluate the construct validity of the Executive Function Performance Test; (3) evaluate the relation between scores in the Executive Function Performance Test in patients with stroke and demographic variables, location of the lesion, symptoms of anxiety and depression. METHODS: The study was conducted at the Neurostimulation Laboratory of the Clinical Neurology Division at Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo University. We evaluated 86 patients with stroke between 02/05/2013 and 06/05/2016. Internal Consistency was assessed by Cronbach\'s alpha. The inter- and intra rater reliabilities were assessed by Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). Construct validity was evaluated by correlations between scores in the Executive Function Performance test and scores in other tools used for assessment of executive function, cognitive screening, scales of body structures impairments, participation and activity as well as instrumental activities of daily living. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to assess these correlations. RESULTS: The scale´s Cronbach\'s alpha was 0.819. The ICC for assessment of intra rater reliability was 0.435 (confidence interval, 0.096 -0.684). The ICC for assessment of intra examiner reliability was 0.855 (confidence interval, 0.516 to 0.855). There were statistically significant correlations between scores in the Executive Function Performance Test and the following scales: Verbal Fluency, rho = -0.452 (p = 0.001); Clock Test, rho = -0.324 (p = 0.002); Digit Span test (forward), rho = -0.219 (p = 0.042); Digit Span test (backwards) rho = -0.324 (p = 0.002); Zoo map test, r = -0.388 (p = 0.001); Modified Six elements test, rho = -0.463 (p = 0.001); Mini Mental State Examination, rho = -0.352 (p = 0.001); Incidental memory (Brief Cognitive Battery), rho = -0.252 (p = 0.019); Immediate memory 1 (Brief Cognitive Battery), rho = -0.308 (p = 0.004); Delayed memory (Brief Cognitive Battery), rho = -0.239 (p = 0.027); Functional Activities Questionnaire (Pfeffer), rho = 0.420 (p = 0.001); and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale rho = -0.313 (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: EFPT-BR is a valid and reliable tool for Occupational Therapists to evaluate the executive dysfunction in daily routine tasks in patients with stroke in Brazil
Martins, Gabriela Lamarca Luxo. "Funções executivas em crianças : relação com características cognitivas, parentais e ambientais e predição de desempenho acadêmico." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2017. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/3433.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
The key competencies to plan, initiate, perform and monitor intentional behaviors related to a goal or environmental demands are called executive functions. These are related to various personal characteristics, including academic performance and other cognitive abilities of the individual, as well as the characteristics of the parents and the family environment. Thus, parents can contribute to the children achieving a level of executive function beyond what they could achieve alone, due to both their own abilities and the characteristics of the family environment. Some previous studies also suggest that children with better performance in executive functions tend to perform better in other areas, including more optimistic perspectives about the future and a greater possibility of attributing mental states to their interlocutor and to themselves. Aiming to better understand the relationship between executive functions and these characteristics, this research was divided into two studies: a) Study 1: aimed to map characteristics of children and parents, identifying possible relationships between them (including: executive functions, academic performance, family environment, optimism, educational practices and mind theory) and b) Study 2: verified which of these variables would predict the academic characteristics of the children assessed at a later time. In Study 1, participants were 205 children from the 1st and 2nd years of Elementary Education I, with a mean age of 6.54 years, enrolled in a public school in the city of São Paulo. Some of their parents (biological mother or father) also participated, totaling 108 people. In the first stage, the children were evaluated in tests of executive functions, reading, arithmetic, intelligence, optimism and mind theory; and the parents in executive functions, optimism, family environment and parenting style. In Study 2, conducted a year and a half after Study 1, 138 children were still enrolled in the same school and participated in the reevaluation of reading and mathematics, their Portuguese Language and Mathematics grades were also analyzed. In Study 1, descriptive statistical analyses of the performances in all instruments and Pearson’s partial correlation analyzes were performed between the measures evaluated, controlling for age. There were few significant correlations between the executive functions of the children and the executive functions of their parents, varying from very low to moderate magnitude, suggesting that the level of executive functions of the parents was slightly related to that of the child. Regarding the correlations between the executive functions of the children and their abilities, significant correlations were found between cognitive flexibility and working memory with at least one measure of all abilities, except for optimism. Inhibitory control presented correlations with matrix reasoning, reading and arithmetic skills. However, stronger correlations were expected with the construct of mind theory, which were not observed. Considering the few correlations, it can be suggested that other variables may have greater relevance on the level of executive functions of the children, for example, it is possible that the behavior of parents may be more relevant than their own cognitive abilities; or that the influence of the school environment has a greater impact on the abilities of the children when compared to the family, which would explain the lack of significant correlations with parental characteristics and the family environment. In Study 2 the predictive power of the measures in the first evaluation on the Portuguese Language and Mathematics performances in the second evaluation were verified. Regression analyses indicated some significant predictions, however, the values were low, suggesting that other skills, not evaluated in this study, may also be relevant predictors. The cognitive flexibility of the parents was the main predictor for the mathematical performance of the children, as well as the resources of the family environment. The working memory of the children was the most relevant ability to predict the Portuguese Language and Mathematics grades. Thus, the present study revealed, in general, that parental variables, family environment and other abilities of the children (such as optimism and mind theory) presented little relation to their executive functions. Although unexpected, these results were discussed as being due to other influences, such as the language skills of the children and the school environment, which were not evaluated in this research. It is necessary to conduct new studies to test these hypotheses, which, if corroborated, may highlight the importance of evaluations and interventions in the school aimed at promoting child development.
As competências fundamentais para planejar, iniciar, realizar e monitorar comportamentos intencionais, relacionados a um objetivo ou a demandas ambientais, são nomeadas de funções executivas. Estas relacionam-se a diversas características pessoais, incluindo desempenho escolar e outras habilidades cognitivas do próprio indivíduo, bem como a características dos progenitores e do ambiente familiar. Assim, os pais podem permitir que a criança atinja um nível de funções executivas além do que ela poderia conseguir sozinha, tanto por conta das suas próprias habilidades, quanto em função de características do ambiente familiar. Alguns estudos prévios sugerem também que crianças com melhor desempenho em funções executivas tendem a apresentar melhor desempenho em outras áreas, incluindo perspectivas mais otimistas sobre o futuro, além da maior possibilidade de atribuição de estado mental ao seu interlocutor e a si próprio. Visando a uma melhor compreensão entre as relações das funções executivas com tais características, esta pesquisa foi dividida em dois estudos: a) Estudo 1: objetivou mapear características de crianças e de pais, identificando possíveis relações entre elas (incluindo: funções executivas, desempenho acadêmico, ambiente familiar, otimismo, práticas educativas e teoria da mente) e b) Estudo 2: verificou quais dessas variáveis prediriam as características acadêmicas das crianças avaliadas em um momento ulterior. No Estudo 1 participaram 205 crianças dos 1o e 2o anos do Ensino Fundamental I, com média da idade de 6,54 anos, matriculadas em uma escola pública da cidade de São Paulo. Também participaram parte dos respectivos pais (mãe ou pai biológicos) totalizando 108 responsáveis. Na primeira etapa, as crianças foram avaliadas em testes de funções executivas, leitura, aritmética, inteligência, otimismo e teoria da mente; e os pais em funções executivas, otimismo, ambiente familiar e estilo parental. No Estudo 2, realizado após um ano e meio do Estudo 1, 138 crianças ainda estavam matriculadas na mesma escola e participaram da reavaliação de leitura e matemática, as suas notas escolares de Língua Portuguesa e Matemática também foram analisadas. No Estudo 1 foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas dos desempenhos em todos os instrumentos e análises de correlação de Pearson parciais entre as medidas avaliadas, com controle de idade. Houve poucas correlações significativas entre as funções executivas das crianças e as funções executivas dos seus pais, variando de magnitude muito baixa a moderadas, sugerindo que o nível de funções executivas dos pais estava pouco relacionado com o da criança. Sobre as correlações entre as funções executivas das crianças e outras habilidades das mesmas, foram observadas correlações significativas entre flexibilidade cognitiva e memória de trabalho com pelo menos uma medida de todas as habilidades, exceto com o otimismo. Já o controle inibitório apresentou correlações com as habilidades de raciocínio matricial, leitura e aritmética. Contudo, eram esperadas correlações mais robustas com o construto de teoria da mente, o que não foi observado. Levando em consideração as poucas correlações, conjecturou-se que outras variáveis possam ter maior relevância sobre o nível de funções executivas das crianças, por exemplo, é possível que o comportamento dos pais possa ser mais relevante que as suas próprias habilidades cognitivas; ou que a influência do ambiente escolar tenha maior impacto sobre as habilidades das crianças quando comparado à família, o que explicaria a escassez de correlações significativas com características parentais e do ambiente familiar. No Estudo 2 verificou-se o poder preditivo das medidas na primeira avaliação sobre os desempenhos em língua portuguesa e matemática na segunda avaliação. As análises de regressão indicaram algumas predições significativas, mas os valores foram baixos, sugerindo que outras habilidades, não avaliadas nesta pesquisa, também possam ser preditoras relevantes. A flexibilidade cognitiva dos pais foi o principal preditor para o desempenho em matemática das crianças, além dos recursos do ambiente familiar. Já a memória de trabalho das crianças foi a habilidade mais relevante para predizer as notas escolares de língua portuguesa e matemática. Dessa forma, o presente estudo revelou, de modo geral, que variáveis parentais, do ambiente familiar e de outras habilidades das crianças (como otimismo e teoria da mente) apresentaram pouca relação com suas funções executivas. Apesar de inesperados, tais resultados foram discutidos como podendo ser devidos a outras influências, tais como as habilidades linguísticas das crianças e o ambiente escolar, não avaliados nessa pesquisa. É necessária a condução de novos estudos para testar tais hipóteses que, se corroboradas, podem ressaltar a importância de avaliações e intervenções em âmbito escolar com objetivo de promover o desenvolvimento infantil.
Carim, Daniela de Bustamante [UNIFESP]. "Tradução e adaptação transcultural para o português do instrumento “Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function”." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/10120.
Full textO “Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function” (BRIEF) é um instrumento de avaliação das funções executivas refletindo aspectos da vida diária de crianças e adolescentes entre 5 e 18 anos de idade. Consta de três versões, ou seja, a escala para pais, professores e versão pessoal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi traduzir e adaptar, para o português do Brasil, o BRIEF, assim como analisar as propriedades psicométricas iniciais. O processo de tradução e adaptação seguiu os passos recomendados na literatura e amplamente preconizados pelo International Test Commission (ITC). Para análise da adequação da adaptação, assim como das propriedades psicométricas, foram realizados dois estudos pilotos, sendo que a versão final foi administrada numa amostra constituída por 277 pais, sendo 59,6% do sexo feminino, 282 professores, sendo 57,4% feminino, 112 pessoal, sendo 63,4% feminino. Os valores dos Alfas de Cronbach, avaliando consistência interna para os principais índices do questionário dos pais oscilaram entre 0,901 e 0,945, do questionário dos professores oscilaram entre 0,915 e 0,959 e, os do questionário pessoal oscilaram entre 0,924 e 0,957, indicando adequados coeficientes de fidedignidade do teste. A análise fatorial de componente principal extraiu dois fatores (Fator 1 Metacognição; Fator 2 Regulação do Comportamento). No questionário dos pais, os dois fatores foram correlatos (r=0,56). No questionário dos professores, a correlação foi 0,400, e no questionário pessoal, a correlação foi 0,70. Os valores encontrados na versão brasileira se assemelham ao relatados na versão original, indicando boa consistência interna do instrumento nas 3 versões.
Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) is an instrument that assesses executive functions, reflecting daily life aspects of children and teenagers aged between 5 and 18 years old. It has three versions, that is, the parenting scale, the teachers’ scale and a personal version. The purpose of this study was to translate and to adapt, into Brazilian Portuguese, BRIEF, as well as to analyze the initial psychometric properties. The translation and adaptation process followed the steps recommended in literature and widely endorsed by International Test Commission (ITC). To analyze the adaptation’s adequacy, as well as the psychometric properties, two pilot studies were carried out, and the final version was administered to a sample comprised of 277 parents, being 59.6% female, 282 teachers, being 57.4% female, 112 personal, being 63.4% female. The Cronbach’s Alpha values, assessing internal consistency for the main items of the parents’ questionnaire ranged from 0.901 to 0.945, the ones concerning the teachers’ questionnaire ranged from 0.915 to 0.959 and those concerning the personal questionnaire ranged from 0.924 and 0.957, showing proper coefficients of test’s trustworthiness. The factorial analysis of main component extracted two factors (Factor 1: Metacognition; Factor 2: Behavior Regulation). In the parents’ questionnaire, both factors were correlated (r=0.56). In the teachers’ questionnaire, correlation was 0.400, and in the personal questionnaire correlation was 0.70. The values found in the Brazilian version are similar to those reported in the original version, showing good internal consistency of the instrument in the three versions.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Almeida, Hugo Márcio Rodrigues de. "A saúde mental, função executiva e capacidade para o trabalho: a influência da sintomatologia psiquiátrica na capacidade para o trabalho: um estudo em trabalhadores portugueses." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/10696.
Full textO presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo, estudar a relação entre a presença de vulnerabilidade para a manifestação de sintomatologia psiquiátrica e a sua relação com a capacidade para o trabalho e, como objetivo secundário, estudar o impacto da função cognitiva executiva na capacidade para o trabalho. Os problemas de saúde mental são comuns na população em geral, sendo estimado que uma em cada cinco pessoas pode apresentar sintomatologia de algum distúrbio mental ao longo de um ano. Por seu lado, a doença mental apresenta um impacto bastante significativo ao nível do absentismo laboral, tendo como consequência um custo bastante significativo ao nível do desempenho laboral (produtividade), bem como ao nível da saúde física e mental (Wu, Chi, Chen, Wang & Jin, 2009). O excessivo Stress Ocupacional experienciado pelos trabalhadores tem sido fortemente associado com o aparecimento de doenças e prejuízo da saúde mental interferindo na sua capacidade para o trabalho, produtividade, bem estar e qualidade de vida. A uma amostra de 125 trabalhadores foram aplicadas as escalas WAI (escala de índice de capacidade para o trabalho), BSI (Inventário de sintomas psicopatológicos) e o ESI (Inventário de Externalização versão reduzida) e, numa subamostra de 30 trabalhadores, foram aplicados os testes neuropsicológicos pela seguinte ordem: CAT (Halstead Category Test), WCST (Wisconci Card Sort), e a TH (Tower of Hanoi). Foram confirmadas todas as hipóteses do estudo o que sugere que existe, de facto, uma relação entre a presença de vulnerabilidade para manifestação de sintomatologia psiquiátrica com a capacidade para o trabalho e, também, que as funções executivas manifestam grande impacto na capacidade para o trabalho. Assim, a implementação de um programa de promoção para o trabalho e prevenção de risco nos trabalhadores torna-se crucial para o aumento da produtividade dos trabalhadores e, consequentemente, da própria organização.
The main goal of the present work is to study the presence of vulnerability for the manifestation of psychiatric symptoms and their relationship with work ability and, a secondary goal, to study the impact of cognitive executive function in work ability. The mental health problems are common in general population being estimated that one in five people can present symptoms of some mental disturbance through a year. Also, mental disease present a great impact in the level of absenteeism resulting in a significant cost in the level of work performance (productivity), physic and mental health (Wu, Chi, Chen, Wang & Jin, 2009). Excessive occupational stress experienced by workers has been highly associated with the advent of diseases and mental health impairment interfering with work ability, productivity, well being e quality of life. In a sample of 125 workers were applied the scales of WAI (Work Ability Index), BSI (Brief Symptoms Inventory) and ESI (Externalizing Spectrum Inventory) and, in subsamples of 30 of those 125 workers, were applied neuropsychological tests by this order: CAT (Halstead Category Test), WCST (Winsconsing Card Sorting Test) and TH (Tower of Hanoi). All the hypotheses of this study were confirmed. This suggests the existence of a relation between the presence of vulnerability for the manifestation of psychiatric symptoms and work ability and also that executive functions have a major impact in work ability. Thereby, an implementation of a promotion program for work e risk prevention in workers becomes crucial to increase worker’s productivity and consequently the organization itself.
Pereira, Michelle Miranda. "Avaliação da fluência verbal e da memória verbal em pacientes pediátricos com leucemia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-01112018-124708/.
Full textObjective: to evaluate the cognitive-linguistic abilities of children diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia during chemotherapy treatment. Methods: observational cross-sectional clinical study. The research group (GLL) was composed by 18 children aged between 7 years and 10 years and 11 months, with diagnosis of acute lymphoid leukemia receiving chemotherapeutic treatment, who did not present genetic syndromes, neurological and/or auditory alterations, had not undergone radiotherapy and/or bone marrow transplantation. A control group (GC) was collected, comprising eighteen healthy children, matched to the research group by age, gender and maternal schooling. Non-verbal intelligence, phonology, expressive vocabulary, verbal fluency, short-term verbal memory, and operational verbal memory were evaluated. The collected data were submitted to statistical analysis. Results: There were no statistical differences between groups in the intelligence and expressive vocabulary tests. The GLL group presented a worse performance in the other tests, but with significant difference only in operational memory and in the \"body parts\" category of the verbal fluency test. Conclusion: This study enabled a first analysis of the effects of chemotherapy treatment in children with leukemia on cognitive-linguistic abilities. There was no difference in expressive vocabulary, but verbal fluency and memory skills appear to be impaired in these children, when compared to the control group, although there was no statistical significance in all variables
León, Camila Barbosa Riccardi. "Funções executivas em crianças de 3 a 6 anos: desenvolvimento e relações com linguagem e comportamento." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2015. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1646.
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The assessment of cognition and behavior in early childhood education has been the subject of several studies, which suggest the importance of this school stage for children development as well as the possibility of identifying early signs predictive of future learning difficulties. Among the learning-related skills are the executive functions (EFs), which relate to behavior-oriented goals that enables people to act adaptively in the world. There is evidence that children who have better performance in EFs activities do better in school and also have better behavioral indicators. The objective of this research was to investigate the development of EFs. And their relationship with language and behavior in 3-6-year-old children. The subjects were 32 children, of both sexes, from Nursery and Levels 1 and 2, in a private school for early childhood education located in São Paulo. The instruments used to assess EFs were Trail Making Test, Computerized Stroop Test for preschoolers, Attention Test for Cancellation and EFs and Children s Regulations Inventory (IFERI). To evaluate oral language were used the Phonological Awareness Test, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Words and Non-Words Repetition Test and Child Naming Test. Written language was evaluated by the recognition of letters and sounds, writing the name and reading and writing activities. Children s behavior was assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire SDQ). The questionnaires were answered by children s guardians and teachers. Parametric and nonparametric analysis revealed effect of series on at least on measure of all instruments used, except IFERI-Parents, indicating that EFs tend to develop with school progression. There were several significant correlations between tests of the same skill and between different measures. In tests that assess EFS, measures that assess attention had very high and high correlations with measures of oral language and written language. This result points out that in fact EFs appear to be related to reading and writing, being important for the development of oral language and early literacy. Such relationships are considered unique, with little national and international reference about it. This result should be investigated more specifically in future research and can reveal that since very early ages, EFs are already important to the development of oral language, and vice versa, perhaps in a bilateral relationship of mutual influence. Correlation analysis between test and the answers in inventories showed few significant correlations of high magnitude, however lower scores in EFs tests tend to be more correlates to complaints in situations that assess executive functions (IFERI) and behavior (SDQ) reported by parents and in children from kindergarten, as revealed significant relationships between EFs, oral and written language and behavioral measures. Although it is no possible to derive a causal relationship, the results support the importance of identifying delays in the development of skills assessed and develop early interventions.
A avaliação da cognição e do comportamento na Educação Infantil tem sido alvo de diversas pesquisas, as quais sugerem a importância dessa fase escolar para o desenvolvimento das crianças, assim como a possibilidade de identificar precocemente sinais preditores de futuras dificuldades de aprendizagem. Dentre as habilidades relacionadas à aprendizagem estão as funções executivas (FEs), que se relacionam a comportamentos orientados a objetivos que permitem ao indivíduo agir de forma adaptativa no mundo. Há evidências de que crianças que possuem melhor desempenho em atividades de FEs têm melhor desempenho escolar e melhores indicadores comportamentais. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi investigar o desenvolvimento das FEs e sua relação com a linguagem e comportamento em crianças de 3 a 6 anos. Participaram 32 crianças, de ambos os sexos, do Maternal e Níveis 1 e 2, de uma escola particular de Educação Infantil de São Paulo. Os instrumentos utilizados para avaliar as FEs foram Teste de Trilhas, Teste de Stroop Computadorizado para pré-escolares, Teste de Atenção por Cancelamento e Inventário de FEs e Regulação Infantil (IFERI). Para avaliar a linguagem oral foram utilizadas a Prova de Consciência Fonológica por Produção Oral, o Teste de Vocabulário por Imagens Peabody, o Teste de Repetição de Palavras e Pseudopalavras e o Teste Infantil de Nomeação. A linguagem escrita foi avaliada pelo reconhecimento de letras e sons, escrita do nome e leitura e escrita. O comportamento infantil foi avaliado pelo Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades - SDQ). Os questionários foram respondidos por responsáveis e professores das crianças. Análises paramétricas e não paramétricas revelaram efeito de série em pelo menos uma medida de todos os instrumentos utilizados, com exceção do IFERI-Pais, indicando que as FEs tendem a se desenvolver com a progressão escolar. Houve várias correlações significativas entre testes de uma mesma habilidade e também entre diferentes medidas. Nos testes que avaliam FEs, as medidas que avaliam atenção tiveram correlações muito altas e altas com medidas de linguagem oral e linguagem escrita. Esse resultado ressalta que, de fato, as FEs parecem estar relacionadas com a leitura e a escrita, sendo importantes para o desenvolvimento da linguagem oral e para o início da alfabetização. Tais relações são consideradas originais, havendo pouca referência sobre isso, tanto nacional quanto internacionalmente. Esse resultado deve ser investigado de forma mais específica em pesquisas futuras e pode revelar que, desde idades bastante precoces, as FEs já são importantes para o desenvolvimento da linguagem oral, e vice-versa, talvez em uma relação bilateral de influência mútua. As análises de correlação entre os testes e as respostas nos inventários demonstraram poucas correlações significativas de alta magnitude, porém menores escores nos testes de FEs tenderam a se relacionar com mais queixas nas situações que avaliam as funções executivas (IFERI) e comportamentos (SDQ), relatados por pais e professores. A presente pesquisa corroborou os pressupostos teóricos sobre o efeito de série das FEs em crianças da Educação Infantil, assim como revelou relações significativas entre FEs, linguagem oral e escrita e medidas comportamentais. Embora não seja possível derivar uma relação causal, os resultados corroboram a importância de se identificar atrasos no desenvolvimento das habilidades avaliadas e desenvolver intervenções precoces.
Mirandez, Roberta Massariolli. "Estudo da fluência verbal em categorias múltiplas no comprometimento cognitivo leve." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-05012016-110612/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Complaints of cognitive difficulties, especially memory, are frequent among the elderly and, in normal aging, a measurable decline in memory, which does not cause significant functional decline may occur. Taking into account that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may represent a transitional stage between healthy aging and Alzheimer\'s disease (AD), the study of language disorders in MCI seeks to compare deficits described in both groups, in order to detect impairments that may aid in the early identification of individuals with cognitive decline that pose a higher risk of conversion to dementia. OBJECTIVES: To verify the performance of MCI patients in semantic verbal fluency (VF) tasks (fruits, animals, means of transportation), FAS - COWA (phonological fluency) and verb fluency; to determine which category of VF among those studied allows better discrimination between cognitively healthy elderly and MCI. METHOD: Sixty-seven elderly were evaluated through the above-described VF tasks (37 cognitively healthy elderly - controls - and 30 MCI patients). The performance of both groups in all VF tasks according to time intervals (15, 30, 45 and 60 sec).was also recorded. RESULTS: The MCI group performed worse than controls in all VF tasks (p < 0,0001). The cut off scores for the different VF tasks were: 14 (animals), 12 (fruits and means of transportation), 41 (phonological), and 11 (verbs). All tasks were equivalent in the discrimination between controls and MCI, being the animal fluency slightly superior in accuracy (correct classification: 73.9% of subjects, p < 0.0001). The MCI group exhibited worse performance in all time intervals; the number of generated words decreased progressively for each quartile of time in all VF categories in both groups (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: MCI patients performed worse than controls n all proposed VF tasks. Animal fluency was the most accurate to discriminate MCI patients from cognitively healthy elderly
Martini, Joyce. "Evolução do tempo e dos movimentos compensatórios durante a marcha e o subir e descer degraus em crianças com distrofia muscular de Duchenne." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-14092015-085502/.
Full textIntroduction: Timed performance and, more recently, compensatory movements, have been used to assess children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Although being strongly related, these variables may progress distinctly within one year. Objective: To describe and compare the progression of timed performance and compensatory movements on locomotion tasks in children with DMD, followed for one year. Method: Films of 32 boys (mean age 10 yrs) performing 10-m walking, climbing up and down four steps were analyzed. Time was digitally measured and compensatory movements were quantified with the Functional Evaluation Scale for DMD (FES-DMD). Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) (alfa < 0.05) compared the variables on three assessments: initial (A0), after 6 months (A6) and after 12 months (A12). Results: The most common compensatory movements on walking were ankles plantar flexion, increased base of support, head and trunk anteriorization and increased upper and lower body dissociation. On climbing up steps, ankles plantar flexion, increased base of support, lumbar hyperlordosis and excessive trunk lateral inclination. On climbing down steps, these movements were also observed, associated to trunk rotation, stance knee flexion, equinus swing foot and pauses after steps. MANOVAs showed that both variables increased significantly within one year (p < 0.05 for all comparisons) on walking, climbing up and climbing down steps. Interactions between timed performance and compensatory movements evidenced distinct progressions of timed performance and compensatory movements on climbing up and down steps (p < 0.05 for both). On walking, timed performance increased 47% and compensatory movements increased 55%. On climbing up steps, timed performance increased 144% and compensatory movements increased 44%. On climbing down steps, timed performance increased 186% and compensatory movements increased 58%. Conclusion: On walking, children with DMD showed a discrete higher increase of compensatory movements, compared to the increase of timed performance. However, when climbing up and down steps, the timed performance increased much more than the compensatory movements. Evaluating the progression of timed performance and compensatory movements in children with DMD allowed more precise assessment and follow up of locomotion tasks evolution
Martins, Gabriela Lamarca Luxo. "O ambiente familiar e o desenvolvimento das funções executivas: estudo correlacional com crianças de 3 a 6 anos." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2014. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1633.
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Family dynamics and parent-child relationships represent the essence of the childhood environment, and play an especially important role in the first years of life. These factors also lay down the foundation for childhood cognitive development, and have a significant influence on executive functions, which are responsible for the planning, initiation, execution and monitoring of goal-directed behaviors or adjustments to environmental demands. Research has shown that environmental features and parental educational investment are strongly associated with executive functioning in childhood. Therefore, the goals of this study were to: (1) assess the precision of two methods of assessing the family environment (questionnaire and home visit) as well as the correlation between them, and (2) evaluate the relationship between family environment, parental educational practices and executive functions in preschool children. The sample comprised 30 children and their legal guardians. Children were aged between 3 and 6 years and included both boys and girls attending kindergarten and preschool at a private school in the city of São Paulo. Family environment was assessed using the Parental Style Inventory (PSI) and two forms of the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME). Executive functions were assessed using a Cancellation Test, a semantic Stroop Task and the Trail Making Test for preschoolers. The Cronbach s alpha values of the two versions of the HOME instrument were calculated, and the questionnaire was found to have a higher internal consistency than the home visit. A non-parametric Spearman test also revealed the presence of positive correlations between some of the items in the two instruments. As for the second goal, PSI scores displayed low to moderate correlations with measures of executive functioning, and appropriate parental styles were found to be associated with improved interference control in children. The HOME questionnaire displayed low to moderate correlations with Semantic Stroop Test scores, while language stimulation and the presence of learning materials in the home were positively associated with executive functioning development. Home visit scores were also highly correlated with executive performance. Some unexpected results were found, such as an association between increased parental modeling and greater reaction times in measures of interference control. Additionally, the emotional and verbal responsivity of the caretaker was associated with worse alternating attention. In conclusion, significant correlations were found between family environment, parental styles and executive functions. These results suggest the importance of intervention programs designed to help parents promote their children s executive development in the home.
A família e o convívio entre pais e filhos representam a essência do ambiente da criança, especialmente nos primeiros anos de vida. Tal relação caracteriza as bases para o desenvolvimento cognitivo da criança, incluindo um conjunto de habilidades chamadas de funções executivas, que contemplam competências fundamentais para planejar, iniciar, realizar e monitorar comportamentos intencionais relacionados a um objetivo ou a demandas ambientais. Pesquisas têm sugerido que características do ambiente e práticas educativas dos pais relacionam-se com o nível de funções executivas das crianças. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa objetivou: (1) avaliar a precisão e a correlação entre resultados em um instrumento para avaliação do ambiente familiar em dois formatos (questionário e visita) e (2) verificar as relações entre o ambiente familiar, as práticas educativas dos pais e as funções executivas em crianças préescolares. Participaram 30 crianças e seus respectivos responsáveis legais. As crianças tinham idades entre 3 e 6 anos, de ambos os sexos, do Maternal II, Nível I e Nível II de uma escola particular da cidade de São Paulo. Foram utilizados o Inventário de Estilos Parentais (IEP), adaptado para essa faixa etária, e o Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME), em dois formatos, para avaliação do ambiente familiar. Para avaliar as funções executivas foram utilizados o Teste de Atenção por Cancelamento, o Teste de Stroop Semântico e o Teste de Trilhas para pré-escolares. Foi calculado o Alfa de Cronbach para os dois formatos do instrumento HOME e observou-se que o mesmo foi maior na versão questionário quando comparado com a versão visita. Correlação não-paramétrica de Spearman entre os escores nas duas versões do HOME revelaram correlação positiva significativa para alguns itens. Em relação ao segundo objetivo, análises evidenciaram que a maioria das correlações estabelecidas entre os escores do IEP e dos instrumentos de funções executivas foi de magnitude baixa a moderada, sendo que, de modo geral, quanto mais apropriado o estilo parental dos pais, melhor o controle de interferência dos filhos. Considerando o HOME no formato questionário e os instrumentos de avaliação das funções executivas, a maioria das correlações foi de magnitude baixa a moderada e com desempenhos no Teste de Stroop Semântico. Além disso, tanto a estimulação da linguagem quanto a presença de materiais de aprendizagem foram positivamente relacionadas às funções executivas. Já desempenhos no HOME no formato visita tiveram correlações de magnitude alta com os escores dos três instrumentos de funções executivas. Alguns resultados não esperados foram encontrados, por exemplo, quanto maior a modelagem por parte dos pais, maior o tempo de reação quando as crianças são expostas a atividades que exigem controle de interferência, e quanto mais satisfatória a responsividade emocional e verbal do cuidador para a criança, menor a sua capacidade de atenção alternada. Assim, de forma geral houve algumas relações entre ambiente familiar, práticas parentais e funções executivas. Sugere-se o desenvolvimento de programas de intervenção com pais visando proporcionar práticas que fomentem o desenvolvimento das funções executivas no ambiente familiar.
Steiner, Veronique Agnes Guernet. "Fluência semântica, fonêmica e de verbos em indivíduos com comprometimento cognitivo leve." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5162/tde-10032014-092017/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Early Identification of the risk of developing dementia processes is important so that individuals may benefit from actions directed towards cognitive and functional aspects. Verbal fluency tasks are generally included in the assessments for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer\'s disease since they contribute to detect language and executive dysfunction. The most frequently used verbal fluency tasks are the semantic (SeF) and phonemic (PhoF) fluencies that respectively involves the generation of as many words as possible belonging to a certain semantic category or that begin with a specific letter in one minute. Recent studies have shown that, regarding SeF and PhoF, verb fluency (VeF) tasks \"things people may do\" are more sensitive to detect cognitive dysfunctions in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Nevertheless, these data must be replicated. Contrary to most researches that analyze the total number of words produced in one minute, the performance study according to the temporal distribution model checks the variation of the number of words produced in the successive 15-second quartiles. This method can help understand the role of these tasks as a diagnostic instrument. Since in complex tasks this model states that more executive processing resources are necessary to complete them throughout time, the comparative analysis of the quartiles may help detect cognitive declines associated to executive processing. Each verbal fluency modality presents specific linguistic-cognitive restrictions. This means that the concomitant study of the different modalities may help understand the cognitive mechanisms underlying the tasks. OBJECTIVES: The present study aims at comparing the performance between healthy elderly individuals and others with MCI in SeF, PhoF and VeF through the traditional method of counting the total number of items generated in one minute. Besides showing the diagnostic utilities of these tasks, it aims at understanding its role in the diagnosis and analyzing the cognitive mechanisms underlying these tasks, isolating the contribution of executive resources through the temporal distribution model. For such, it compares the performance between the groups in the different 15-second quartiles that compose each task and tries detecting differences between the groups when the number of words available in the lexical stock is reduced and the individuals must implement additional executive-search mechanisms. METHOD: Thirty individuals with MCI were examined and paired with healthy individuals by age and schooling level. The performance of each group was analyzed by evaluating the total number of correct words produced in one minute in SeF (animals, supermarket items), PhoF (FAS) and VeF (actions). Additionally, it analyzed the temporal distribution of the performance in each modality, subdividing the verbal-production time into four 15-second quartiles. RESULTS: The results indicate significant differences in the total number of items generated between a varied sample of individuals with MCI and controls only for the VeF task, confirming previous researches showing that this task allows for the early detection of cognitive deficits associated with MCI. The temporal distribution study allowed for the detection of significant differences between the groups only in the VeF task. In this modality, it is probable that throughout time less words are available in the semantic network and that executive resources of individuals with MCI are not enough to complete the task. Differences associated with executive resources necessary to process the verbs in comparison to the nouns may explain the performance differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: VeF allows for the early detection of cognitive dysfunction in MCI and differentiates itself from SeF and PhoF tasks. The temporal distribution study of the items generated contributes to understanding the linguistic-cognitive dysfunction underlying the tasks and shows that what makes VeF more sensitive to cognitive dysfunction in MCI is probably its high demand for executive processing resources. Studies on the complex inter-relation between language and cognitive functions may help understand the limit between healthy aging and aging associated with neuro-degenerative processes
Leite, Ana Isabel Sobreira. "Relações entre Depressão e Disfunção Executiva nos Adultos Idosos: Revisão da Literatura." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94489.
Full textNas populações geriátricas, a depressão coexiste frequentemente com a presença de défices cognitivos, nomeadamente executivos. A relação entre estas duas perturbações é apoiada por estudos neuroimagiológicos que referem alterações cerebrais semelhantes no córtex pré-frontal, durante episódios depressivos e em casos de disfunção executiva. As funções executivas compreendem vários domínios específicos, imprescindíveis ao nosso funcionamento diário e, por isso, um défice executivo poderá levar à perda de independência do indivíduo, limitando, não só a vida do sujeito em questão, como também das pessoas à sua volta. Para avaliar a presença dos défices e da sintomatologia depressiva nas idades mais avançadas, é necessário utilizar instrumentos de avaliação neuropsicológica desenvolvidos, especificamente, para avaliar os declínios observados e validados para as idades em questão. Alguns destes instrumentos, tais como a versão para adulto do Inventário de Avaliação Comportamental de Funções Executivas e a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, são referidos na terceira rúbrica desta dissertação, também como ponto de partida para a proposta de um estudo empírico, que tem como objetivo clarificar a natureza das relações entre depressão e disfunção executiva. De forma a melhorar a qualidade de vida dos adultos idosos com depressão e défices executivos, importa implementar estratégias de intervenção adequadas, o mais precocemente possível. Para este grupo, com Síndrome Depressiva-Executiva, as intervenções baseadas na evidência mais adequadas passam pela Problem Solving Therapy e pelo modelo Problem Adaptation Therapy, os quais demonstram resultados positivos, não só na redução da incapacidade funcional, como do impacto dos défices executivos.
In geriatric populations, depression often coexist with the presence of cognitive deficits, namely executive ones. This relationship is also supported by neuroimaging studies that report similar brain changes in prefrontal cortex, observed during depressive episodes and cases of executive dysfunction. Executive functions include several domains, essential to our daily functioning and, therefore, an executive dysfunction can lead to the loss of the individual's independence, limiting not only the subject's life, but also the one’s from people around them. To assess the presence of deficits and depressive symptoms at older ages, it is necessary to use neuropsychological assessment tools developed specifically to assess the observed cognitive declines and adapted (or specially developed) for the ages in question. Some of these instruments, such as Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function for Adults and the Geriatric Depression Scale, are mentioned in the third section of this dissertation, also as a starting point for the proposal of an empirical study, which aims to clarify the nature of the relationship between depression and executive dysfunction. To improve the quality of life of elderly adults with depression and executive dysfunction, it is important to implement appropriate intervention strategies as soon as possible. For these patients, with Depressive-Executive Dysfunction, the most appropriate evidence-based interventions include the Problem-Solving Therapy and Problem Adaptation Therapy, which demonstrate positive results, not only in reducing functional disability, but also the impact of executive dysfunction.
Pereira, Armanda Sofia Carvalho Santos. "Avaliação da eficácia de um programa de promoção de autorregulação em crianças com paralisia cerebral." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/55894.
Full textCrianças com necessidades educativas especiais enfrentam múltiplos desafios com consequências diretas na sua autonomia e independência. Considerando as perturbações neuromotoras, a Paralisia Cerebral é descrita na literatura como a desordem física mais comum na infância. Em Portugal, 200 novos casos surgem, em média, anualmente. Crianças com Paralisia Cerebral apresentam maior predisposição para desenvolver dificuldades relacionadas com baixas competências autorreguladoras no domínio comportamental, emocional e/ou cognitivo. Apesar de não progressiva, a Paralisia Cerebral não é imutável. Desta forma, a intervenção precoce e direcionada para as necessidades específicas das crianças pode constituir uma abordagem eficaz para a promoção de competências. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo a avaliação de um programa educacional de promoção de competências de autorregulação em crianças com Paralisia Cerebral. Com recurso a um estória-ferramenta, As Incríveis Aventuras de Anastácio, o Explorador, o programa foi construído baseado na narrativa e numa lógica neuroeducativa. Uma vez que os défices na Função Executiva caracterizam o perfil neurocognitivo destas crianças e que estas se definem como a base biológica das competências autorreguladoras, a promoção destas últimas tem como horizonte a estimulação da Função Executiva. O desenho dos primeiros três estudos deste trabalho (Capítulo 1, 2 e 3) tiveram como propósito: i) aprofundar questões específicas relacionadas com as características específicas da Paralisia Cerebral e a trajetória desenvolvimental destas crianças e ii) alimentar empiricamente a narrativa e o programa de intervenção. O primeiro estudo teve por objetivo compreender quais as funções e instrumentos mais utilizados na literatura para avaliar crianças e adolescentes com Paralisia Cerebral através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Este estudo foi publicado na Frontiers in Psychology. Os resultados deste estudo permitiram a definição do protocolo de avaliação neuropsicológica da Função Executiva nos participantes do estudo. Para além disso, permitiu compreender as especificidades da avaliação destas funções e o rigor necessário para uma maior precisão nos resultados de desempenho. O segundo estudo, publicado na revista European Journal of Investigation in Health, permitiu avaliar a qualidade e adequabilidade do protocolo de avaliação definido para o programa de intervenção. Assim como, explorar e compreender um perfil de funcionalidade com evoluções consistentes e as características da sua dieta educativa base, através da análise de uma entrevista a um dos cuidadores. Pela necessidade de compreender melhor os indicadores associados à promoção de trajetórias de autonomia, desenvolvemos o terceiro estudo. Este estudo foi desenhado com o duplo objetivo de, por um lado, explorar os estilos parentais e a sua relação com a promoção de autonomia e, por outro lado, a correlação destes estilos com o envolvimento das crianças com a escola. Este estudo foi publicado na revista Frontiers in Psychology. O último estudo, encerra o objetivo primordial deste projeto. Neste quarto estudo avaliamos a eficácia do programa As Incríveis Aventuras de Anastácio o Explorador, resultado final do processo de investigação descrito, no envolvimento escolar de crianças com Paralisia Cerebral. Os resultados sugerem que a eficácia do programa com especial relevo para o envolvimento emocional das crianças. Podemos considerar este trabalho como um aperitivo para investigação futura. Os resultados sugerem, de uma forma geral que, a promoção de competências de autorregulação i) estimulam o funcionamento executivo de crianças com Paralisia Cerebral, ii) promovem o seu envolvimento escolar e iii) potencia o seu envolvimento emocional.
Children with special educational needs face diverse challenges with impact to their autonomy and independence. Regarding neuromotor disorders, Cerebral Palsy is described in literature as the most common physical disorder in childhood. In Portugal, an average of 200 new cases arise each year. Children with Cerebral Palsy show more predisposition to develop difficulties related with low behavioral, emotional and/or cognitive self-regulatory competences. Although Cerebral Palsy is a non- progressive disorder, it is not immutable. Therefore, early intervention directed to children’s specific needs could constitute an efficient approach to promote competences. Bearing this in mind, this work aimed to evaluate an educational program to promote selfregulation competences in children with Cerebral Palsy. The program was designed based on the narrative The Incredible Adventures of Anastácio, The Explorer, a tool-story that uses a neuroeducative approach. Considering the Executive Function deficits that characterize the neurocognitive profile of these children, and that Executive Functions are the biological foundation of self-regulatory competences, the promotion of these self-regulatory competences contributes to Executive Function stimulation. The design of the first three studies of this work (Chapter 1, 2, and 3) served as purpose to: i) deepen the understanding about the specific issues related with the specific characteristics of children with Cerebral Palsy and their developmental trajectory and ii) root empirically the narrative and intervention program. The first study used a systematic review to understand which functions and instruments appeared more frequently in the literature to assess children and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy. This study was published in Frontiers in Psychology. The study results provide the neuropsychological evaluation protocol definition. Moreover, the results allow an understanding of the specificities and rigor for an accurate evaluation of the executive functioning performance. The second study, which was published in European Journal of Investigation in Health, allowed the assessment of the quality and adequacy of the evaluation protocol defined for the intervention program. The second study also allowed an exploration and understanding of a specific case’s functionality profile with positive and consistent evolutions, and his educative diet characteristics through the parent’s interview analysis. Due to the need to better understand the figures related with autonomy trajectories promotion, we designed the third study. This study was designed with a twofold aim: to explore the style of parental involvement and its relationship with autonomy promotion; and explore the relationship between this parenting style and children’s school engagement. This study was published in Frontiers in Psychology. The last study closed the primordial aim of this Project. In this study we aim to evaluate the efficacy of The Incredible Adventures of Anastácio, The Explorer program, the final product of the research project described in the school engagement with children with Cerebral Palsy. The results suggest the program is effective with special relevance to children’s emotional engagement. We would like to consider this work an appetizer to further investigation. The results suggest, in general, that the promotion of self-regulation competences i) stimulate the executive functioning of children with Cerebral Palsy, ii) promote school engagement, and iii) enhance children’s emotional engagement.
A presente tese de doutoramento beneficiou do apoio da Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) através da Bolsa de Doutoramento Individual com a referência SFRH/BD/95104/2013
Os trabalhos desta tese foram realizados, em parte, no Centro de Investigação em Psicologia (UID/PSI/01662/2013), Universidade do Minho, financeiramente suportado pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia e pelo Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior, através de fundos nacionais, e co-financiado pelo FEDER, através do COMPETE2020, no âmbito do acordo Portugal 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007653).