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1
Dinna, N. Mohd Nizam, Nurshakinaz Rudiyansah Dylia, Mohd Tuah Nooralisa, Haslinda Abdullah Sani Zaidatol, and Sungkaew Kornchulee. "Avatar design types and user engagement in digital educational games during evaluation phase." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 6 (2022): 6449–60. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i6.pp6449-6460.
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Avatar design types can range from human representations to abstract representations. In digital educational games (DEGs), avatars are frequently used to encourage users to play the game. However, the role of avatar design types and their engagement in digital games are still unclear and empirically under research. Therefore, a bespoke digital educational game in geography was developed and validated by six expert users. Then forty-five users participated in the evaluation phase to investigate engagement and avatar types on digital educational games using the user engagement scale (UES). The results reported aesthetics and satisfaction factors somehow influenced the avatar design types, but none of the UES subscales was influenced by preferred avatar design types. Moreover, the human-cartoon avatar, which was not entirely human and cartoonish, was the most popular avatar design type among young adults. Other issues discussed for future developers and research included incorporating more avatar design selections into the study, integrating social interaction features into the game, using the same drawing style for avatars and provide easy access to the bespoke game during data collection.
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Mohd Nizam, Dinna N., Dylia Nursakinaz Rudiyansah, Nooralisa Mohd Tuah, Zaidatol Haslinda Abdullah Sani, and Kornchulee Sungkaew. "Avatar design types and user engagement in digital educational games during evaluation phase." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 6 (2022): 6449. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i6.pp6449-6460.
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<span lang="EN-US">Avatar design types can range from human representations to abstract representations. In digital educational games (DEGs), avatars are frequently used to encourage users to play the game. However, the role of avatar design types and their engagement in digital games are still unclear and empirically under research. Therefore, a bespoke digital educational game in geography was developed and validated by six expert users. Then forty-five users participated in the evaluation phase to investigate engagement and avatar types on digital educational games using the user engagement scale (UES). The results reported aesthetics and satisfaction factors somehow influenced the avatar design types, but none of the UES subscales was influenced by preferred avatar design types. Moreover, the human-cartoon avatar, which was not entirely human and cartoonish, was the most popular avatar design type among young adults. Other issues discussed for future developers and research included incorporating more avatar design selections into the study, integrating social interaction features into the game, using the same drawing style for avatars and provide easy access to the bespoke game during data collection.</span>
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Mull, Ian, Jamie Wyss, Eunjung Moon, and Seung-Eun Lee. "An exploratory study of using 3D avatars as online salespeople." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management 19, no. 2 (2015): 154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-05-2014-0033.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine consumers’ perceptions of using different types of 3D animated avatars as salespeople based on credibility, homophily, attractiveness and intention to interact. Design/methodology/approach – Using a survey method, participants (n=120) evaluated four types of 3D animated avatars (i.e. human, fantasy, animal and humanoid) based on the supposition the avatars would represent a salesperson for an online retailer. Findings – The results show that avatar type has a significant influence on the perception of credibility, homophily, and attractiveness. Furthermore, credibility, homophily, and attractiveness significantly influence the intention to interact with the avatar. Overall, the human avatar was found to be perceived as the most credible, homophilous, attractive and was regarded as the highest in relation to intention to interact. Originality/value – The practical and theoretical implications are discussed to offer guidance to online retailers, graphic designers, and researchers in the benefits and pitfalls of utilizing 3D animated avatars as salespeople.
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Mustikasari, Bunga Fefiana, Nuril Kusuma Wardani, and Rachma Yulia Nisa. "VISUAL AVATAR IDENTIFICATION ON ONLINE GAME PLAYERS." JADECS (Journal of Art, Design, Art Education & Cultural Studies) 9, no. 1 (2024): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um037v9i12024p77-87.
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There are many game system features in an online game and one of them is the avatar system. Avatar here is a system in the game, that gives player on the game an opportunity to dress up visual of their character according to what they want. Avatar has various types and forms that can be choose. This research aims to learn what kind of visual design avatar is preferred by online game players, which will provide an overview for game designers to create avatars in the game. This study uses a virtual ethnographic method that is connected with dramaturgical theory, how a person plays a role in the world of online games by using this avatar system. The results showed that avatars with style that match in real life are still more in demand than avatars with shapes that tend to be unique. Even though sometimes game players play different roles in the game world, they still tend to dress up their characters with visuals that match their style in real life in terms of avatar.
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Ichino, Junko, Masahiro Ide, Hitomi Yokoyama, Hirotoshi Asano, Hideo Miyachi, and Daisuke Okabe. ""I've talked without intending to": Self-disclosure and Reciprocity via Embodied Avatar." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3555583.
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Considering the importance of self-disclosure in building relationships, it is vital to investigate how self-disclosure is affected via avatars in virtual environments, as they are likely to become increasingly popular. Previous work has shown that using avatars increases friendliness and honesty. However, issues such as how and what types of avatars affect self-disclosure and reciprocity have not been fully explored. We conducted a study with 108 participants (54 dyads) discussing a personal topic using one of three communication media: videoconferencing, avatars with avatar-self appearance similarity, or avatars without avatar-self appearance similarity. The results showed that self-disclosure is most encouraged via the avatars without similarity. Reciprocity was formed via both types of avatars but not videoconferencing. Interestingly, although the participants disclosed more about themselves via avatars than via videoconferencing, there was no difference in their subjective experiences. It means that avatar users can disclose more about themselves without being particularly aware that they are using avatars, which suggests the usefulness of avatars to understand people's candid thoughts and feelings. Finally, we discuss the design implications for applications requiring self-disclosure.
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Bowman, Nicholas David, Jaime Banks, and Edward Downs. "Mechanisms of identification and social differentiation in player‐avatar relations." Journal of Gaming & Virtual Worlds 13, no. 1 (2021): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jgvw_00028_1.
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The connection between player and avatar is central to digital gaming, with identification assumed to be core to this connection. Often, scholarship engages single dimensions of identification, yet emerging perspectives reveal that identification is polythetic (PID) ‐ comprising at least six sufficient (but not necessary) mechanisms. The current study investigates the intersections of polythetic identification mechanisms and two different approaches to player‐avatar sociality (as a marker of differentiation): general types of player‐avatar relationships (PARs) and discrete dimensions of player‐avatar interaction (PAX). Secondary analysis of an existing dataset of gamers revealed two main findings: (1) players reported overall diminished identification when they engaged in non-social relations with their avatar, and (2) increased liking and perspective-taking were most likely with human-like social relations, which require differentiation from rather than identification as the avatar. These findings are interpreted to suggest that player‐avatar identification and differentiation are conceptually independent relational phenomena that are experientially convergent ‐ some relational orientations and dynamics are associated with distinct combinations of identification mechanisms.
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Bowman, Nicholas David, Jaime Banks, and Edward Downs. "Mechanisms of identification and social differentiation in player‐avatar relations." Journal of Gaming & Virtual Worlds 13, no. 1 (2021): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jgvw_00028_1.
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The connection between player and avatar is central to digital gaming, with identification assumed to be core to this connection. Often, scholarship engages single dimensions of identification, yet emerging perspectives reveal that identification is polythetic (PID) ‐ comprising at least six sufficient (but not necessary) mechanisms. The current study investigates the intersections of polythetic identification mechanisms and two different approaches to player‐avatar sociality (as a marker of differentiation): general types of player‐avatar relationships (PARs) and discrete dimensions of player‐avatar interaction (PAX). Secondary analysis of an existing dataset of gamers revealed two main findings: (1) players reported overall diminished identification when they engaged in non-social relations with their avatar, and (2) increased liking and perspective-taking were most likely with human-like social relations, which require differentiation from rather than identification as the avatar. These findings are interpreted to suggest that player‐avatar identification and differentiation are conceptually independent relational phenomena that are experientially convergent ‐ some relational orientations and dynamics are associated with distinct combinations of identification mechanisms.
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Rakotonirainy, Andry, Frank Feller, and Narelle Haworth. "In-Vehicle Avatars to Elicit Social Response and Change Driving Behaviour." International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction 5, no. 4 (2009): 80–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jthi.2009062505.
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Social and psychological theories have provided a plethora of evidence showing that the physical difficulty to express appropriate social interactions between drivers expresses itself in aggression, selfish driving and anti-social behaviour. Therefore there is a need to improve interactions between drivers and allow clearer collective decision making between them. Personal characteristics and the driving situations play strong roles in driver’s aggression. Our approach is centered around the driving situation as opposed to focusing on personality characteristics. It examines aggression and manipulates contextual variables such as driver’s eye contact exchanges. This paper presents a new unobtrusive in-vehicle system that aims at communicating drivers’ intentions, elicit social responses and increasing mutual awareness. It uses eye gaze as a social cue to affect collective decision making with the view to contribute to safe driving. The authors used a driving simulator to design a case control experiment in which eye gaze movements are conveyed with an avatar. Participants were asked to drive through different types of intersections. An avatar representing the head of the other driver was displayed and driver behaviour was analysed. Significant eye gaze pattern difference where observed when an avatar was displayed. Drivers cautiously refer to the avatar when information is required on the intention of others (e.g. when they do not have the right of way). The majority of participants reported the perception of “being looked at”. The number of glances and time spent gazing at the avatar did not indicate an unsafe distraction by standards of in-vehicle device ergonomic design. Avatars were visually consulted primarily in less demanding driving situations, which underlines their non-distractive nature.
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Haehn, Luise, Sabine J. Schlittmeier, and Christian Böffel. "Exploring the Impact of Ambient and Character Sounds on Player Experience in Video Games." Applied Sciences 14, no. 2 (2024): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14020583.
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Elaborate sound design, including background music, ambient sounds (sounds describing the game world), and character sounds (sounds generated by the character’s actions), plays a pivotal role in modern video games. However, the influence of these different types of sound on the player’s experience has not been extensively researched. This study examines the influence of these sound types on immersion, avatar identification, fun, and perceived competence. In two experiments, participants played League of Legends under four different sound conditions. The first experiment (N1 = 32) revealed a non-significant trend in the effect of character sounds on avatar identification. Ambient sounds, however, were limited because the task restricted participants’ movement across the game map. Consequently, we adapted the task to allow for a wider variety of ambient sounds in the second experiment (N2 = 32). Here, a significant impact of character sounds on immersion, avatar identification, and fun was observed, as well as an interaction effect of character sounds and ambient sounds on fun. Furthermore, we observed a trend, though not statistically significant, suggesting that ambient sounds may influence the player’s sense of flow. These findings underline the distinct effects of different sound types, and we discuss implications for the design of sound in video games.
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Yaşa Özeltürkay, Eda, Murat Gülmez, and Beste Zorlular. "Determining Avatar Consumers Shopping Behavior in Second Life." Sosyal Mucit Academic Review 6, no. 1 (2025): 98–118. https://doi.org/10.54733/smar.1535827.
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Virtual shopping allows users to build economic relationships, leading to the development of virtual businesses and the appreciation of virtual currencies. It also allows users to express their creativity, which adds a new dimension to the design and marketing of virtual products. Second Life is a platform where individuals create their digital identities with the unlimited possibilities offered by the virtual world. In this environment, the virtual shopping experience is an important element that enriches users’ social interactions, offers economic opportunities, and allows them to express their creativity. Users have access to a wide range of products from clothes to jewelry, from household goods to artworks through virtual stores. Research was conducted with researcher avatars in the Second Life universe, one of the most popular virtual world platforms. The snowball sampling method was used to reach 26 consumers with purchasing experience in the virtual world. Summarizing the results of the research, it is seen that the participants have been in SL for a long time and the majority of them belong to Generation X and Y. It was revealed that they mostly shopped from the Second Life virtual market, and clothes ranked first among the products they frequently purchased. They also expressed their opinions on the need for more varieties and types of this frequently purchased product type.
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Guo, Zichun, Zihao Wang, and Xueguang Jin. "“Avatar to Person” (ATP) Virtual Human Social Ability Enhanced System for Disabled People." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (December 3, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5098992.
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How to make communication more effective has been underlined unprecedentedly in the artificial intelligence (AI) era. Nowadays, with the improvement of affective computing and big data, people have generally adapted to construct social networks relying on social robots and smartphones. Although the technologies above have been widely discussed and used, researches on disabled people in the social field are still very limited. In particular, facial disabled people, deaf-mutes, and autistic patients are still meeting great difficulty when interacting with strangers using online video technology. This project creates a virtual human social system called “Avatar to Person” (ATP) based on artificial intelligence and three-dimensional (3D) simulation technology, with which disabled people can complete tasks such as “virtual face repair” and “simulated voice generation,” in order to conduct face-to-face video communication freely and confidently. The system has been proven effective in the enhancement of the sense of online social participation for people with disabilities through user tests. ATP is certain to be a unique area of inquiry and design for disabled people that is categorically different from other types of human-robot interaction.
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Barabanschikov, V. A., and V. V. Selivanov. "Reducing Anxiety and Depression through Programs on a High Immersive Virtual Reality Headset." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 16, no. 2 (2023): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2023160203.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">The work is aimed at considering the influence of modern special training programs in virtual reality (VR) on personality anxiety in adolescence. Materials of empirical research obtained on a sample of students of 2-4 courses of Moscow and Smolensk universities are presented. Respondents aged from 19 to 24 years old participated in the study 1 (N=15) (using the training VR environment with a first-person avatar) and 2 (N=24) (using the training VR program with an anthropomorphic avatar (female) (third-person). To diagnose anxiety we used methods: Spielberger-Hanin Self-Assessment Anxiety Test, A.T. Beck Anxiety Scale. A single-factor experimental design with independent groups was used; dependent variables were different types of anxiety, independent variables were the parameters of subjects' work with the training VR-program of high immersiveness. The results show that the high level training VR environment has a significant effect on anxiety reduction. Both personal and situational anxiety, as well as the general level of anxiety, decreased. In the control samples, either anxiety decreases, but at a much lower level, or no change occurs. Psychosemantic analysis of consciousness indicates changes not only in the conscious plan (connections between connotative meanings), but also in unconscious attitudes about one's anxiety state (manifested in the triad of depression: decreased mood, ideomotor and motor retardation). In general, VR programs with avatars should be considered as effective technologies and means of changing functional personality properties, in particular anxiety.</p>
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Hardabkhadze, Iryna. "Fashion Design Evolution in the Conditions of Transformation of the Fashion Industry Ecosystem." Bulletin of KNUKiM. Series in Arts, no. 48 (June 24, 2023): 151–61. https://doi.org/10.31866/2410-1176.48.2023.282478.
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The aim of the article is to determine the prospects for fashion design development with an analysis of trends of its digital toolkit expansion under the influence of new forms of the fashion business, and service types of the fashion industry cyclical concept. Results. The analysis demonstrates that at the present stage of fashion design development, the main driving forces of its progress, in addition to fashion trends, are requirements from the cyclicality and high-tech services of the fashion business. Factors influencing the fashion industry transformation are grouped into aspects of aesthetic, economic, environmental, socio-cultural, and technological nature. It is revealed that aspects of aesthetic and technological nature enrich the fashion design with 2D/3D visualization tools, algorithms for digital modelling of the human figure, avatar, scanatar, styling tools, and formation of a person’s image using the costume. Environmental and economic factors stimulate the development of high-tech services on a digital platform, alternative forms of the fashion business, and specific sustainable design tools. It is noted that the factors of socio-cultural nature require the formation of a new philosophy of rational use of fashionable clothing, a new concept of wardrobe formation, and the organisation of innovative services related to these requirements to support the operation of fashion products. The scientific novelty consists in determining the prospects for fashion design development in the digital environment of the fashion industry’s transformational processes. The article describes the factors influencing the development of fashion design digital tools within the cyclic concept of functioning from the part of alternative forms of fashion business organisation. Conclusions. Augmentation and virtualisation of the service space create requirements for expanding the functionality of the digital design. Within the full cycle, the design turns into cyclical eco-design, which should be more minimalistic to reduce the amount of material used, as well as more creative and predictive to design fashion products for several cycles ahead.
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Darfler, Michael, Jesus G. Cruz-Garza, and Saleh Kalantari. "An EEG-Based Investigation of the Effect of Perceived Observation on Visual Memory in Virtual Environments." Brain Sciences 12, no. 2 (2022): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020269.
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The presence of external observers has been shown to affect performance on cognitive tasks, but the parameters of this impact for different types of tasks and the underlying neural dynamics are less understood. The current study examined the behavioral and brain activity effects of perceived observation on participants’ visual working memory (VWM) in a virtual reality (VR) classroom setting, using the task format as a moderating variable. Participants (n = 21) were equipped with a 57-channel EEG cap, and neural data were collected as they completed two VWM tasks under two observation conditions (observed and not observed) in a within-subjects experimental design. The “observation” condition was operationalized through the addition of a static human avatar in the VR classroom. The avatar’s presence was associated with a significant effect on extending the task response time, but no effect was found on task accuracy. This outcome may have been due to a ceiling effect, as the mean participant task scores were quite high. EEG data analysis supported the behavioral findings by showing consistent differences between the no-observation and observation conditions for one of the VWM tasks only. These neural differences were identified in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and the occipital cortex (OC) regions, with higher theta-band activity occurring in the dlPFC during stimulus encoding and in the OC during response selection when the “observing” avatar was present. These findings provide evidence that perceived observation can inhibit performance during visual tasks by altering attentional focus, even in virtual contexts.
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Cheng, Yanbo, and Yingying Wang. "Evaluating the Effect of Outfit on Personality Perception in Virtual Characters." Virtual Worlds 3, no. 1 (2024): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds3010002.
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Designing virtual characters that are capable of reflecting a sense of personality is a key goal in research and applications in virtual reality and computer graphics. More and more research efforts are dedicated to investigating approaches to construct a diverse, equitable, and inclusive metaverse by infusing expressive personalities and styles into virtual avatars. While most previous work focused on exploring variations in virtual characters’ dynamic behaviors, characters’ visual appearance plays a crucial role in affecting their perceived personalities. This paper presents a series of experiments evaluating the effect of virtual characters’ outfits on their perceived personality. Based on the related psychology research conducted in the real world, we determined a set of outfit factors likely to reflect personality in virtual characters: color, design, and type. As a framework for our study, we used the “Big Five” personality model for evaluating personality traits. To test our hypothesis, we conducted three perceptual experiments to evaluate the outfit parameters’ contributions to the characters’ personality. In our first experiment, we studied the color factor by varying color hue, saturation, and value; in the second experiment, we evaluated the impact of different neckline, waistline, and sleeve designs; and in our third experiment, we examined the personality perception of five outfit types: professional, casual, fashionable, outdoor, and indoor. Significant results offer guidance to avatar designers on how to create virtual characters with specific personality profiles. We further conducted a verification test to extend the application of our findings to animated virtual characters in augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) settings. Results confirmed that our findings can be broadly applied to both static and animated virtual characters in VR and AR environments that are commonly used in games, entertainment, and social networking scenarios.
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Suglia, Vladimiro, Antonio Brunetti, Guido Pasquini, et al. "A Serious Game for the Assessment of Visuomotor Adaptation Capabilities during Locomotion Tasks Employing an Embodied Avatar in Virtual Reality." Sensors 23, no. 11 (2023): 5017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23115017.
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The study of visuomotor adaptation (VMA) capabilities has been encompassed in various experimental protocols aimed at investigating human motor control strategies and/or cognitive functions. VMA-oriented frameworks can have clinical applications, primarily in the investigation and assessment of neuromotor impairments caused by conditions such as Parkinson’s disease or post-stroke, which affect the lives of tens of thousands of people worldwide. Therefore, they can enhance the understanding of the specific mechanisms of such neuromotor disorders, thus being a potential biomarker for recovery, with the aim of being integrated with conventional rehabilitative programs. Virtual Reality (VR) can be entailed in a framework targeting VMA since it allows the development of visual perturbations in a more customizable and realistic way. Moreover, as has been demonstrated in previous works, a serious game (SG) can further increase engagement thanks to the use of full-body embodied avatars. Most studies implementing VMA frameworks have focused on upper limb tasks and have utilized a cursor as visual feedback for the user. Hence, there is a paucity in the literature about VMA-oriented frameworks targeting locomotion tasks. In this article, the authors present the design, development, and testing of an SG-based framework that addresses VMA in a locomotion activity by controlling a full-body moving avatar in a custom VR environment. This workflow includes a set of metrics to quantitatively assess the participants’ performance. Thirteen healthy children were recruited to evaluate the framework. Several quantitative comparisons and analyses were run to validate the different types of introduced visuomotor perturbations and to evaluate the ability of the proposed metrics to describe the difficulty caused by such perturbations. During the experimental sessions, it emerged that the system is safe, easy to use, and practical in a clinical setting. Despite the limited sample size, which represents the main limitation of the study and can be compensated for with future recruitment, the authors claim the potential of this framework as a useful instrument for quantitatively assessing either motor or cognitive impairments. The proposed feature-based approach gives several objective parameters as additional biomarkers that can integrate the conventional clinical scores. Future studies might investigate the relation between the proposed biomarkers and the clinical scores for specific disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and cerebral palsy.
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Irasiak, Anna, Elżbieta Sroka, Wojciech Górka, Michał Socha, and Adam Piasecki. "Deaf-friendly research – conducting research using an electronic questionnaire." e-mentor 92, no. 5 (2021): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15219/em92.1538.
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A non-exclusive approach in conducting survey-based research which assumes the participation of people with disabilities is one of the important ethical aspects of the research process. The use of the tool, which has been designed in accordance with the universal user-oriented design, makes it possible for people with disabilities to take an active part in surveys. This means that they can present their attitudes and express opinions within the conducted surveys. The aim of the article is to present the issue of conducting surveys using an electronic questionnaire among deaf people, modelled on the Avatar PJM project. People with a hearing impairment, whose first or primary language used for communication is a sign language, should be given a questionnaire in an appropriate form enabling them to complete it easily. The discussed project presents a proposal to construct a questionnaire using the LimeSurvey software. The questionnaire has been adapted to the needs and expectations of the recipient group. The presented solution for designing a user-friendly research tool can be used in other types of research in this group of respondents (e.g. industrial or educational research) or can become an inspiration for further research in this field.
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Laghari, Mubeena, Shazia Murtaza, and Rafique Ahmed JalbanI. "URINARY BLADDER STONE." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 11 (2018): 1655–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/18.4836.
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Objective: To analyze the biochemical composition and biochemical types ofurinary bladder stones in children. Study design and setting: Observational study, Departmentof Pediatric Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro/Hyderabad.Place and Duration: One year duration from January to December 2006. Materials &Methods: A sample of 30 children was selected according to criteria of inclusion of age <10years of urinary bladder stones without any anomaly. Urinary bladder stones were washed indistilled H2O deionized to remove contaminations. Urinary bladder stones were dried at 1000C for overnight in an oven. The urinary bladder stones cut into pieces were used for the FTIRspectroscopy analysis, carried out on “Nicolet Avatar 330 FTIR spectrophotometer”. Data wasanalyzed on SPSS 22.0 at 95% confidence interval. Results: Of 30, 6 (20%) were female and24 (80%) were male. The male dominancy was noted with male to female ratio of 4:1. Mean±SD age was noted as 4.839 + 2.819 years. Urinary stones of pure and mixed biochemistrywere noted in 5 (16.6%) and 25 (83.3%) respectively (P=0.0001). Most frequent urinary bladderstone found was the calcium oxalate monohydrate - ammonium hydrogen urate. Conclusions:Most frequent type of urinary bladder stones was the calcium oxalate monohydrate–ammoniumhydrogen urate type in the children.
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Xiang, Donglai, Timur Bagautdinov, Tuur Stuyck, et al. "Dressing Avatars." ACM Transactions on Graphics 41, no. 6 (2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3550454.3555456.
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Despite recent progress in developing animatable full-body avatars, realistic modeling of clothing - one of the core aspects of human self-expression - remains an open challenge. State-of-the-art physical simulation methods can generate realistically behaving clothing geometry at interactive rates. Modeling photorealistic appearance, however, usually requires physically-based rendering which is too expensive for interactive applications. On the other hand, data-driven deep appearance models are capable of efficiently producing realistic appearance, but struggle at synthesizing geometry of highly dynamic clothing and handling challenging body-clothing configurations. To this end, we introduce pose-driven avatars with explicit modeling of clothing that exhibit both photorealistic appearance learned from real-world data and realistic clothing dynamics. The key idea is to introduce a neural clothing appearance model that operates on top of explicit geometry: at training time we use high-fidelity tracking, whereas at animation time we rely on physically simulated geometry. Our core contribution is a physically-inspired appearance network, capable of generating photorealistic appearance with view-dependent and dynamic shadowing effects even for unseen body-clothing configurations. We conduct a thorough evaluation of our model and demonstrate diverse animation results on several subjects and different types of clothing. Unlike previous work on photorealistic full-body avatars, our approach can produce much richer dynamics and more realistic deformations even for many examples of loose clothing. We also demonstrate that our formulation naturally allows clothing to be used with avatars of different people while staying fully animatable, thus enabling, for the first time, photorealistic avatars with novel clothing.
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Mora-Fernández, Jorge. "The Analysis of Interactive Media and Digital Culture - Hypermedia Literacy in Peru and Bolivia." Comunicar 20, no. 39 (2012): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c39-2012-03-04.
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This paper compiles data on how the use of hypermedia, interactive multimedia and interfaces have changed the classical dynamics of human communications and education to create a new paradigm. This paradigm originates in the interface since it allows multidirectional and multimedia communications through interactions with the elements of which it is composed. This research describes the different aesthetic, narrative, emotional and value elements that are integrated within the cultural hypermedia interfaces. These hypermedia elements are fundamental components to be taken into account in the creation of educational interactive media products. The communicative functions are interchangeable between sender-receptor, author-reader-author, creator-user, professor-student... thanks to the introduction of multimedia interactive expressions and technological instruments that allow several types of interactions. This flexible functionality generates new communicative as well as dramatic models of interactive narrative, where the interaction of receptors-senders and reader-authors with the narrative actions occur at the character or avatar level. The interfacial aesthetic, narrative, emotional and value elements are studied, analyzed and described in detail thanks to an innovative model of analysis that can be used to for the implementation and design of interactive edutainment media products. The application of this model helped to create cultural content interfaces enabling not only the development of interactive educational workshops in the USA, Peru and Bolivia for more than 200 students, but also multisensory and immersive communications with quality.El trabajo se centra en las formas en que interfaces multimedia interactivas e hipermedia han cambiado las dinámicas clásicas de la comunicación y educación humanas creando un nuevo paradigma. Éste se origina en la interfaz, al permitir la multidireccionalidad comunicativa multimedia mediante la interacción con los elementos que la componen. Esta investigación describe los diferentes elementos estéticos, narrativos, emocionales y de valores integrados en las interfaces hipermedia culturales. Dichos elementos hipermedia son componentes fundamentales a tomar en cuenta durante la creación de productos multimedia interactivos educativos. Las funciones comunicativas son cambiantes entre emisor-receptor: autor-lecto-autor, creador-usuario, profesor-alumno... gracias a la introducción de expresiones multimedia interactivas e instrumentos tecnológicos que permiten distintos tipos de interacciones. Esta flexibilidad funcional genera nuevos modelos comunicativos así como dramáticos, de narrativa interactiva, donde la interacción de los receptores-emisores, lecto-autores, con las acciones narrativas se produce a nivel del personaje o avatar. Los componentes estéticos, narrativos, emocionales y de valores de la interfaz son estudiados, analizados y descritos en detalle gracias a un modelo innovador de análisis que sirve para la implementación y diseño de productos interactivos lúdico-educativos inmersivos. La aplicación de este modelo ayudó a la creación de interfaces de contenido cultural, permitiendo desarrollar no solo talleres educativos interactivos en Estados Unidos, Perú y Bolivia para más de 200 estudiantes, sino también una comunicación inmersiva multisensorial de calidad.
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Chattopadhyay, Debaleena, Tengteng Ma, Hasti Sharifi, and Pamela Martyn-Nemeth. "Computer-Controlled Virtual Humans in Patient-Facing Systems: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 7 (2020): e18839. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18839.
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Background Virtual humans (VH) are computer-generated characters that appear humanlike and simulate face-to-face conversations using verbal and nonverbal cues. Unlike formless conversational agents, like smart speakers or chatbots, VH bring together the capabilities of both a conversational agent and an interactive avatar (computer-represented digital characters). Although their use in patient-facing systems has garnered substantial interest, it is unknown to what extent VH are effective in health applications. Objective The purpose of this review was to examine the effectiveness of VH in patient-facing systems. The design and implementation characteristics of these systems were also examined. Methods Electronic bibliographic databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles with relevant key terms. Studies were included in the systematic review if they designed or evaluated VH in patient-facing systems. Of the included studies, studies that used a randomized controlled trial to evaluate VH were included in the meta-analysis; they were then summarized using the PICOTS framework (population, intervention, comparison group, outcomes, time frame, setting). Summary effect sizes, using random-effects models, were calculated, and the risk of bias was assessed. Results Among the 8,125 unique records identified, 53 articles describing 33 unique systems, were qualitatively, systematically reviewed. Two distinct design categories emerged — simple VH and VH augmented with health sensors and trackers. Of the 53 articles, 16 (26 studies) with 44 primary and 22 secondary outcomes were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of the 44 primary outcome measures revealed a significant difference between intervention and control conditions, favoring the VH intervention (SMD = .166, 95% CI .039-.292, P=.012), but with evidence of some heterogeneity, I2=49.3%. There were more cross-sectional (k=15) than longitudinal studies (k=11). The intervention was delivered using a personal computer in most studies (k=18), followed by a tablet (k=4), mobile kiosk (k=2), head-mounted display (k=1), and a desktop computer in a community center (k=1). Conclusions We offer evidence for the efficacy of VH in patient-facing systems. Considering that studies included different population and outcome types, more focused analysis is needed in the future. Future studies also need to identify what features of virtual human interventions contribute toward their effectiveness.
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Lewis, Lundy. "Avatars and Robots as Social Companions in Healthcare." International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 10, no. 2 (2014): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeis.2014040102.
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Elder care is of increasing global concern. The aging population is expected to increase two-fold by 2050. It is anticipated that there will not be enough caregivers to assist the elderly very soon, and thus researchers and entrepreneurs are looking at various types of information systems (IS) that will help alleviate the challenges in elder care. This paper examines one such IS: conversational agents in the form of avatars or robots as an aid to (i) decrease loneliness and depression among the elderly, (ii) increase cognitive function and quality of life, and (iii) generally help manage patient care. We discuss the state-of-the-science of research prototypes and commercial off-the-shelf ISs. We propose a novel concept and design, and we discuss the ethical ramifications of elderly patients possibly bonding with inanimate objects as if they were human companions.
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Quan, Xue Hua, and Jung Ho Jung. "A Study on Content Design for Cognitive Function Improvement in VR-based Mild Cognitive Impairment." Korea Institute of Design Research Society 8, no. 3 (2023): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46248/kidrs.2023.3.78.
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The increasing societal issue of dementia, resulting from rapid aging, has emphasized the significance of proactive intervention in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), which is a pre-dementia stage. This study examined six cognitive functions of individuals with MCI, including memory, language ability, attention, visual-spatial skills, executive function, and orientation, based on prior research. A case analysis was conducted on three types of VR content: gamified, interactive virtual reality, and social VR. The study identified effective VR content design elements for cognitive improvement. It proposed design directions that focused on storytelling related to everyday life, user-friendly interactive designs for easy communication, a rich communicative environment with virtual avatars, and prioritizing user convenience and accessibility. These directions are expected to contribute to enhancing cognitive functions and preventing dementia.
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Pertaub, David-Paul, Mel Slater, and Chris Barker. "An Experiment on Public Speaking Anxiety in Response to Three Different Types of Virtual Audience." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 11, no. 1 (2002): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474602317343668.
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This paper describes an experiment to assess the anxiety responses of people giving 5 min. presentations to virtual audiences consisting of eight male avatars. There were three different types of audience behavior: an emotionally neutral audience that remained static throughout the talk, a positive audience that exhibited friendly and appreciative behavior towards the speaker, and a negative audience that exhibited hostile and bored expressions throughout the talk. A second factor was immersion: half of the forty subjects experienced the virtual seminar room through a head-tracked, head-mounted display and the remainder on a desktop system. Responses were measured using the standard Personal Report of Confidence as a Public Speaker (PRCS), which was elicited prior to the experiment and after each talk. Several other standard psychological measures such as SCL-90-R (for screening for psychological disorder), the SAD, and the FNE were also measured prior to the experiment. Other response variables included subjectively assessed somaticization and a subject self-rating scale on performance during the talk. The subjects gave the talk twice each to a different audience, but in the analysis only the results of the first talk are presented, thus making this a between-groups design. The results show that post-talk PRCS is significantly and positively correlated to PRCS measured prior to the experiment in the case only of the positive and static audiences. For the negative audience, prior PRCS was not a predictor of post-PRCS, which was higher than for the other two audiences and constant. The negative audience clearly provoked an anxiety response irrespective of the normal level of public speaking confidence of the subject. The somatic response also showed a higher level of anxiety for the negative audience than for the other two, but self-rating was generally higher only for the static audience, each of these results taking into account prior PRCS.
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Kobia, Caroline, and Chuanlan Liu. "Teen girls’ adoption of a virtual fashion world." Young Consumers 17, no. 4 (2016): 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-07-2016-00617.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to improve our understanding of teen consumers’ adoption of virtual fashion. Specifically, the study assessed the effects of individual variables, including fashion innovativeness and peer pressure, on needs gratification, attitudes and adoption of virtual fashion worlds (VFWs) among teen girl consumers. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was designed and administered to a convenience sample of female teens. Empirical analyses were performed on 177 valid responses. Structural equation modeling was used to test all hypotheses. Findings The results revealed that adoption of VFWs in the sample was affected significantly by teen female consumers’ needs gratification, attitudes about VFWs and fashion innovativeness. However, peer pressure had no effects. Originality/value The emergence of different types of virtual worlds has influenced the way in which business is conducted, and VFWs are a popular trend. However, no studies have examined consumers’ adoption of VFWs that promote fashion using avatars and offer similar styles for teens in the real world. The study adds to existing literature related to consumers’ adoption of innovations by integrating communication, sociological and innovation adoption theories.
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Banaszkiewicz, Karina. "Praktykować media/Praktykować siebie… O doświadczaniu przestrzeni późnej nowoczesności." Załącznik Kulturoznawczy, no. 8 (2021): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zk.2021.8.01.
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In advanced globalization, the digital code, computer, and Internet become tools of cultural change. 2-3-4.0 generation media produce images, artificial events, objects, as well as methods of vision prevailing in design, design processes, and communication. The number of visibility types offered to users, results in media matrices becoming regimes of (for) the eye, of (for) a bodily experience. It also shapes a sense of reality by means of media space (TV stream, cyberspace) and spaces inscribed in media forms (simulations, hybrids, onto-ontological topias). Two issues seem of particular relevance here. Questions about access to reality offered by ‘images’ (satellites, HDMI helmets, combat glasses, etc.) and possibilities of seeing the world from behind the visual media matrices. Media, multi-media communication platforms distribute not only schemes of viewing, but also the right to look (extranet, friends lists, access to archives and libraries, consumer profiles collected by Google, MS, etc.). The excess of artificial forms and spaces, on the other hand, directs attention to participation and participants of culture: individuals and communities (real, imagined, virtual). Their activities in cyberspace, including identity and identity practices, should be the focus of interest. The author of the text reflects upon identity practices of the Praktykować media/Praktykować siebie individual, that is the individual’s participation in culture through the prism of immaterial materiality, self-care, and the need for bonds and integration with the Others. She discusses techniques of advanced audio-vision (their matrices and spatiality), as well as creation of subjective coherence negotiated with others in terms of individual – group (conventional) – universal content (e.g. humanity). Identity practices are located within the framework of data flows and transmissions, information bubbles, heterotopia, and identities of legitimization, resistance, and design implemented there. The author of the text also perceives identity from the perspective of a person and a mask, of users’ tactics articulating their presence in cyber-virtual communities (e.g. avatars, nicks, multiple identities), as well as in the perspective of data visualization: user profiles, metric identifiers, files, selection algorithms, search history, archives of published photos…, in other words – institutional (cyber)surveillance strategies.
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Benin, Cristiane Carla, Fabiana Schmidt Bandeira Peres, and Flávio Augusto de Oliveira Garcia. "ENRAIZAMENTO DE MINIESTACAS APICAIS, INTERMEDIÁRIAS E BASAIS EM CLONES DE Eucalyptus benthamii." FLORESTA 43, no. 3 (2013): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v43i3.28542.
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Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o enraizamento de miniestacas apicais, intermediárias e basais de Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage. As miniestacas utilizadas foram coletadas de minicepas estabelecidas a partir de mudas de origem seminal. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 4x3, sendo os fatores constituídos por quatro clones de E. benthamii (C50, C51, C52 e C53) e três tipos de miniestacas, confeccionadas das porções apical, intermediária e basal das brotações. Avaliou-se a sobrevivência e o enraizamento das mudas aos 45 dias de idade, em casa de sombra, e aos 90 dias em fase de pleno sol. Avaliou-se ainda a altura das mudas aos 90 dias de idade. Ao final das avaliações, o clone C52 se destacou dos demais em termos de sobrevivência, enraizamento e crescimento em altura. Na fase de pleno sol, quando as mudas já haviam completado o ciclo de desenvolvimento, a miniestaca apical comprovou ser o tipo de propágulo com maior aptidão ao enraizamento entre todos os clones avaliados.AbstractRooting of apical, intermediate and basal minicuttings in clones of Eucalyptus benthamii. This study aimed to evaluate the rooting of apical, intermediate and basal ministumps of Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage. The minicuttings were collected from ministumps originated from seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 4x3 factorial arrangement with factors consisting of four clones of E. benthamii (C50, C51, C52 e C53) and three types of cuttings (apical, intermediate and basal). The survival and rooting were evaluated with 45 days in shadow house, and 90 days in the full sun stage. In the end of the evaluations, the clone C52 proved to be better in survival, rooting and height growth. In full sun stage, when the seedlings completed the development cycle, the apical minicutting proved to be the kind of propagules with grater aptitude on rooting when compared with the others clones.Keywords: Minicutting; types of cuttings; clonal propagation.
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Dheeraj Tallapragada and Vedant Sagare. "Multichannel EMG-based gesture recognition utilizing advanced machine learning techniques: A random forest classifier for high-precision signal classification." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 24, no. 2 (2024): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.2.3332.
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This research examines how advanced machine learning algorithms can be used to classify multichannel electromyographic (EMG) signals with a high level of accuracy to assist in recognizing hand gestures. The goal is to create a robust and scalable system for gesture-based virtual control using EMG signals with potential applications in assistive technologies, rehabilitation, and human-computer interaction. Data were gathered using a MYO Thalmic bracelet containing eight EMG sensors on thirty-six subjects, and a Random Forest classifier was trained to identify seven distinct types of hand gestures (rest, fist clench, wrist flexion/extension, and radial/ulnar deviations). The machine learning pipeline included extensive preprocessing (i.e., EMG signal normalization and signal feature extraction; root mean square, waveform length, and zero crossing rate) and several hyperparameter tuning procedures to improve model performance. The Random Forest model (100 decision trees) achieved an overall classification accuracy of 98.68%, with a range of accuracies for each class (e.g., 95.2% wrist flexion and 91.8% ulnar deviation) when evaluated using cross-validation (i.e., average F1-score = 0.92, precision = 0.94, recall = .91). Overall, the study provides strong evidence for the effectiveness of ensemble learning methods at analyzing complex, multidimensional EMG signals. The high classification accuracy reported, in particular, demonstrates that the system could function for real-time recognition of hand gestures in a virtual environment. Ultimately, the initial work sets the stage for future exploration of a model that may be integrated with actuation models to control prosthetic limbs, virtual actors/avatars, and robotic devices. By demonstrating a scalable and efficient method of gesture recognition using EMG signals, these early findings enable future pathways and possibilities to design innovative, assistive solutions for digital systems that increase accessibility and interaction for users who are motor impaired or have a limited range of motion.
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Dheeraj, Tallapragada, and Sagare Vedant. "Multichannel EMG-based gesture recognition utilizing advanced machine learning techniques: A random forest classifier for high-precision signal classification." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 24, no. 2 (2024): 323–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15074834.
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This research examines how advanced machine learning algorithms can be used to classify multichannel electromyographic (EMG) signals with a high level of accuracy to assist in recognizing hand gestures. The goal is to create a robust and scalable system for gesture-based virtual control using EMG signals with potential applications in assistive technologies, rehabilitation, and human-computer interaction. Data were gathered using a MYO Thalmic bracelet containing eight EMG sensors on thirty-six subjects, and a Random Forest classifier was trained to identify seven distinct types of hand gestures (rest, fist clench, wrist flexion/extension, and radial/ulnar deviations). The machine learning pipeline included extensive preprocessing (i.e., EMG signal normalization and signal feature extraction; root mean square, waveform length, and zero crossing rate) and several hyperparameter tuning procedures to improve model performance. The Random Forest model (100 decision trees) achieved an overall classification accuracy of 98.68%, with a range of accuracies for each class (e.g., 95.2% wrist flexion and 91.8% ulnar deviation) when evaluated using cross-validation (i.e., average F1-score = 0.92, precision = 0.94, recall = .91). Overall, the study provides strong evidence for the effectiveness of ensemble learning methods at analyzing complex, multidimensional EMG signals. The high classification accuracy reported, in particular, demonstrates that the system could function for real-time recognition of hand gestures in a virtual environment. Ultimately, the initial work sets the stage for future exploration of a model that may be integrated with actuation models to control prosthetic limbs, virtual actors/avatars, and robotic devices. By demonstrating a scalable and efficient method of gesture recognition using EMG signals, these early findings enable future pathways and possibilities to design innovative, assistive solutions for digital systems that increase accessibility and interaction for users who are motor impaired or have a limited range of motion.
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Braga, Marcos Brandão. "PRODUTIVIDADE E QUALIDADE DO MELÃO SUBMETIDO A DIFERENTES TIPOS DE COBERTURA DO SOLO." IRRIGA 15, no. 4 (2010): 422–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2010v15n4p422.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes tipos de cobertura do solo, com uso ou não de manta agrotêxtil, na produtividade e qualidade dos frutos do meloeiro. Utilizou-se a cultivar Tropical F1 no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 6 x 2, compreendendo seis tipos de cobertura do solo plástico preto (PP), plástico dupla face preto/prata (PDF), bagaço de casca de coco (BCC), palha de capim Buffel (PCB), bagaço de cana (BC) e solo descoberto (SD) e dois usos de manta agrotêxtil (com e sem) até 23 dias após o transplantio, com três repetições. A cobertura com PCB apresentou a maior produtividade total (74,63 t/ha) e comercial (73,22 t/ha) não diferindo dos demais tratamentos, com exceção do tratamento SD. Não foi observado efeitos significativos do uso da manta agrotêxtil (TNT). O melhor desempenho, em termos de eficiência do uso da água pela cultura, foi apresentada pela PCB. Não foram constatadas diferenças significativas para teor de sólidos solúveis totais e firmeza, porém para produção de frutos por planta há diferença entre o tratamento PCB e SD. UNITERMOS: Cucumis melo L., temperatura do solo, pós-colheita, eficiência de uso da água. BRAGA, M. B; RESENDE, G. M. de.; MOURA, M. S. B. M.; SOUZA, R. C. de D.; COSTA, N. D.; CALGARO, M.; CORREIA, J. S.; SILVA, F. Z. da. MELON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY UNDER DIFFERENT TYPES OF COVER SOIL 2 ABSTRACT This work aimed to evaluate different types of soil cover (mulching), with and without utilization of white polypropylene film, and their effects on melon production and quality, irrigated by drip irrigation. Cultivar Tropical F1 was used and the experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial arrangements (6x2). The treatments included six types of soil cover (black polyethylene and black-silvery double face polyethylene film, coconut shell, Buffelgrass straw, sugarcane bagasse and uncovered soil); and covers with and without white polypropylene. The buffelgrass straw treatment had the highest yield per plant and per hectare; the use of it with mulching obtained the best performance in water productivity. The use of organic matter in the cover soil decreased the soil temperature and amplitude values. There was not statistical difference between the treatments for the total soluble solids and firmness, but for fruit production there was statistical difference between buffelgrass straw and uncovered soil treatments. KEY WORDS: Cucumis melo L., yield, postharvest, soil temperature, water efficiency.
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CÂMARA, TASSIANO MAXWELL MARINHO, RAFAEL AUGUSTO DA COSTA PARRELLA, and HERÁCLITON DE ÉFESO DA SILVA. "QUALIDADE INDUSTRIAL E RENDIMENTO DE ETANOL DE GENÓTIPOS DE SORGO SACARINO EM PLANTA E REBROTA." Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 17, no. 2 (2018): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v17n2p216-228.
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RESUMO - O rendimento de cultivares de sorgo sacarino em planta de primeiro corte e na rebrota tem sido estudado para viabilizar o cultivo com menores custos de produção. Entretanto, dados qualitativos sobre a qualidade de caldo e rendimento de etanol entre safra principal e rebrota são escassos. Objetivou-se com este trabalho comparar genótipos de sorgo sacarino quanto à qualidade industrial e avaliar o efeito do tipo de colheita e biomassa processada no rendimento industrial para produção de etanol. Foi conduzido um experimento em blocos ao acaso com três repetições em esquema de parcela subdividida, sendo as parcelas constituídas por 20 genótipos de sorgo e as subparcelas pelos tipos de amostras processadas ou colheitas realizadas. Os maiores rendimentos de etanol, em termos absolutos, foram obtidos para CMSXS646 e BRS 511 na colheita de primeiro corte com colmos limpos. A utilização de colmos limpos promoveu, em média, um incremento de 13,5, 14,2, 13,4, 3,3, 7,9, 7,0, 8,0 e 16,4% para etanol, ART, ATR, umidade, ARC, Pol, °Brix, quantidade de caldo, respectivamente, e redução de 17,3% para fibra, em relação às amostras de colmos com folhas. O rendimento médio de etanol por tonelada de caldo extraído foi 28% superior no primeiro corte comparativamente à rebrota.Palavras-chave: Bioenergia, biomassa, °Brix, Sorghum bicolor. INDUSTRIAL QUALITY AND ETHANOL YIELD OF SWEET SORGHUM GENOTYPES IN MAIN AND RATOON CROPS ABSTRACT - The yield of sweet sorghum cultivars in first cut and ratoon crops have been studied to enable the cultivation with lower production costs. However, qualitative data on broth quality and yield of ethanol on main crop and ratoon are scarce. The aim of this work was to compare sweet sorghum genotypes regarding the industrial quality and to evaluate the effects of harvests and processed biomass types in the industrial yield for ethanol production. A randomized block design experiment was carried out with three replicates in a split plot design, being the plots composed by 20 sorghum genotypes and the subplots by the types of processed samples or harvests. The highest ethanol yields, in absolute terms, were obtained for CMSXS646 and BRS 511 in first cut with clean stalks. The use of clean stalks promoted, on average, an increase of 13.5, 14.2, 13.4, 3.3, 7.9, 7.0, 8.0 and 16.4% for ethanol, ART, ATR, moisture, ARC, Pol, ° Brix, juice amount, respectively, and reduction of 17.3% for fiber, in relation to samples with stalks and leafs. The average yield of ethanol per extracted juice ton was 28% higher in first cut compared to ratoon.Keywords: bioenergy, biomass, °Brix, Sorghum bicolor.
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Brandão, Sheila Silva, Vanderlise Giongo, Nelci Olszevski, and Alessandra Monteiro Salviano. "Coquetéis vegetais e sistemas de manejo alterando a qualidade do solo e produtividade da mangueira (Plant mixture and soil management systems changing soil quality and mango productivity)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 10, no. 4 (2017): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v10.4.p1079-1089.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar alterações em características químicas e na estabilidade estrutural do solo e, na produtividade da mangueira após cinco cultivos de dois tipos de coquetéis vegetais e manutenção da vegetação espontânea em dois sistemas de manejo do solo. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, com os tratamentos dispostos em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas foram constituídas por 2 sistemas de manejo (com e sem revolvimento do solo) e, as subparcelas por 3 tipos de adubação verde (CV1 - 75% leguminosas + 25% gramíneas e oleaginosas; CV2 - 25% leguminosas + 75% gramíneas e oleaginosas e uma vegetação espontânea (VE)). Em cada unidade experimental foram coletadas, nas entrelinhas das mangueiras, amostras indeformadas para avaliação da estabilidade de agregados e amostras deformadas para determinação dos teores de MO, Ca, Mg e K trocáveis, P assimilável e N total. As amostras foram coletadas nas profundidades 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40 cm. Foi avaliada também a produtividade da mangueira (t ha-1). Os cinco ciclos de cultivo sucessivos de coquetéis vegetais e de manutenção da vegetação espontânea alteraram os teores de P, MO e N. Os coquetéis vegetais promoveram maiores produtividades de manga em relação à vegetação espontânea, mas não alteraram a qualidade dos frutos. A B S T R A C TThe aim of this study was to evaluate changes in chemical characteristics, soil structural stability and productivity of mango tree after five crops of two plant mixure types and maintenance of spontaneous vegetation in two soil management systems. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications, with the treatments arranged in a split plot. The plot was set by two management systems (tillage and no tillage) and the subplots by 3 types of green manure (PM1 - 75% + leguminous 25% grasses and oilseeds; PM2 - 25% leguminous + 75% of grasses and oilseeds and spontaneous vegetation (SV)). In each experimental unit were collected between the lines of mango tree, undisturbed soil samples to assess the stability of misfolded aggregates and samples for determination of OM, Ca, Mg , K exchangeable, P assimilable and total N. The samples were collected from depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40 cm. It also evaluated the productivity of mango tree (t ha-1). The five cycles of successive cultivation of plants mixture types and on spontaneous vegetation maintenance changed only the P, MO and N levels. The plants mixture promoted major mango productivity compared to spontaneous vegetation, but didn't change the quality of the fruit.Keywords: green manure, aggregate stability, soil fertility.
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Santos, Silas Da Silva, Marco Antonio Martin Biaggioni, Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori, Iara Maria Casarini Monteiro, and Ivan Fernandes De Souza. "PROCESSO DE DESCASQUE DE CRAMBE [Crambe hyspanica subesp. abyssinica (Hochst. ex R. E. Fr.) PRINA] VISANDO À EXTRAÇÃO DE ÓLEO." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 32, no. 3 (2017): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2017v32n3p295-300.
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A prensagem mecânica é o método mais empregado para extração do óleo de diversos tipos de oleaginosas, constituindo-se em uma operação simples que não exige mão de obra qualificada e facilmente adaptável a diversos tipos de grãos. Entretanto, as prensas contínuas com pequena capacidade, tem um grande potencial de utilização nas pequenas comunidades rurais, apresentam baixa eficiência de extração, deixando uma quantidade significativa de óleo na torta. A operação de retirada das cascas dos frutos de crambe, antes da prensagem, constitui-se em um fator importante que pode otimizar a extração mecânica do óleo de crambe, reduzindo o teor de óleo que se perde pelo processamento do grão com casca. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o rendimento de óleo de crambe extraído mecanicamente, contendo diferentes percentagens de retirada de casca. Foram realizados os testes de rendimento de extração do óleo pelo método mecânico de prensagem a frio, a partir do crambe submetido aos seguintes tratamentos de descasque: grãos sem casca, grãos com 10% de casca, grãos com 20% de casca e grãos com casca (controle). Para avaliar o efeito do descasque foi utilizado um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho permitiram observar o efeito positivo e significativo do descasque dos grãos sobre a extração do óleo de crambe, atingindo o máximo rendimento com a ausência de casca.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: crambe, descasque, rendimento de extração, prensagem mecânica, eficiência de extração. DEHULLING PROCESS OF CRAMBE [Crambe Hyspanica subesp. Abyssinica (Hochst. ex R. E. Fr.) PRINA] AIMING TO OIL EXTRACTIONABSTRACT: The mechanical screw pressing (expeller) is the method most commonly used for extracting oil from various types of oilseeds, constituting of a simple operation that requires no skilled labor and is easily adaptable to various types of grain. However, continuous presses with small capacity have great potential of use in small rural communities, and have low extraction efficiency, leaving a significant amount of oil in the crambe cake. To remove the hull from crambe fruits before pressing is an important factor that can optimize the mechanical extraction of crambe oil, reducing oil waste. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the yield of mechanically extracted oil from crambe fruits containing different percentages of hull. The oil extraction yield tests were performed by the cold pressing method, submitting the crambe to the following hulling treatments: totally dehulled, partially dehulled with 10% hull, partially dehulled with 20% hull, and whole grains (control). To evaluate the dehulling effect, a completely randomized experimental design was used, with four treatments and four replications. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the averages were compared by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability. The results obtained in this work allowed observing the positive and significant effect of hulling to crambe oil extraction. The absence of hull resulted on maximum yield of oil extracted.KEYWORDS: crambe, dehulling, extraction yield, mechanical pressing, extraction efficiency.
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Fernandes, Thiago, Jonathan Willian Zangeski Novais, Carlo Ralph De Musis, Marta Cristina De Jesus Albuquerque Nogueira, Valdemir Lino Do Nascimento, and Thaiany Fernandes. "Condições Higrotérmicas em Instalações Avícolas com Diversidade Técnica Construtiva na Cidade de Barra do Bugres-MT." Ensaios e Ciência: C. Biológicas, Agrárias e da Saúde 21, no. 3 (2018): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2017v21n3p167-177.
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A avicultura de corte brasileira tem investido, constantemente, em inovações tecnológicas, permitindo novos conceitos de sistemas de produção de frangos de corte. Esses avanços se devem à caracterização do clima e tipologias de aviários abertos, que sempre colocaram o Brasil em uma circunstância benéfica, em evidência pelos resultados de desempenho e bem-estar das aves. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o ambiente termohigrométrico de aviários de frango de corte colonial, localizados na mesorregião do médio norte mato-grossense, zona rural do município de Barra do Bugres, Mato Grosso. Amiúde, procedeu-se às caracterizações macro e microclimáticas do ambiente com o auxílio de uma plataforma micro controlada por sensor convencional. A avaliação foi feita com base na temperatura do ar (ºC) e umidade relativa do ar (%), em diferentes períodos do dia. As coletas de dados foram realizadas para a estação quente-úmida e quente-seca. Constatou-se influência das tipologias dos materiais usados ao observar que a maioria destes corrobora com características de serem condutores térmicos, influenciando nos resultados expostos as condições de conforto. Neste contexto, o conforto térmico é um elemento fundamental na garantia de uma boa condição ambiental, devendo haver uma preocupação quanto à escolha dos materiais na concepção dos projetos de instalações avícolas, buscando-se assim minimizar fatores, que possam interferir no rendimento dos frangos de corte, bem como identificar estratégias e alternativas viáveis para a realidade da região de estudo.Palavras-chave: Microclima. Tipologias de Construção. Avicultura de Corte.AbstractBrazilian broilers faming has constantly invested in technological innovations, allowing new concepts of production systems for broilers. These advances are the characterization of its climate and types of open aviaries, which always put Brazil in beneficial circumstances, highlighted by the results of performance and the poultries’ well-being. The objective of this research was to evaluate the termohigrometro environment of colonial broilers aviaries, located in Middle North region of Mato Grosso, rural municipality of Barra do Bugres, Mato Grosso. Frequently, it was undertaken the macro and microclimate characterisations of the environment with the aid of a micro platform controlled by conventional sensor. The evaluation was made based on air temperature (° C) and relative humidity (%) at different times of the day. Data collections were carried out for the hot-humid and hot-dry. It was observed the influence of types of materials used to observe that most of these corroborate with features as being thermal conductors, influencing the results exposed the conditions of comfort, in this context, the thermal comfort is a key element in ensuring a good environmental condition, and should be a concern about the choice of materials in the design of poultry facilities projects, thus seeking to minimize factors that may interfere with the performance of the broilers as well as identify strategies and viable alternatives to the reality of the region of studyKeywords: Microclimate. Types of construction. Poultry farming.
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Padilha Junior, M. C., S. L. R. Donato, J. A. Silva, P. E. R. Donato, and E. S. Souza. "Características morfométricas e rendimento da palma forrageira ‘Gigante’ sob diferentes adubações e configurações de plantio." Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 11, no. 1 (2016): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v11i1.3710.
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<p>Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar as características morfométricas e de rendimento da palma forrageira 'Gigante' submetida a diferentes tipos de adubação orgânica, química e organomineral e configurações de plantio<em>. </em>O experimento foi instalado em LATOSSOLO Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico, num delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. As parcelas constituídas por duas configurações de plantio: 1) 24.0000 plantas ha<sup>-1</sup>, dispostas em fileira tripla, no espaçamento 3,00 x 1,00 x 0,25 m; 2) 26.666 plantas ha<sup>-1</sup>, dispostas em fileira quádrupla, no espaçamento 3,00 x 1,00 x 0,25 m; as subparcelas compostas por 12 tipos de adubação orgânica, química e organomineral. Aos 650 DAP mensuraram-se altura da planta, número, comprimento, largura e índice de área de cladódios, produção de matéria verde e seca e teor de matéria seca. As características morfométricas, o teor de matéria seca e a produção de massa verde e matéria seca foram influenciadas pelas adubações (P&lt;0,05), independentemente da configuração utilizada. Das características morfométricas apenas a largura e área do cladódio não foram influenciadas pelas adubações. A ausência de adubação ou apenas 30 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup> ano<sup>-1</sup> de esterco bovino são insuficientes para obter resultados satisfatórios com palma forrageira ‘Gigante’.</p><p><strong><em>Morphometric traits and yield of forage cactus 'Gigante' under different fertilization and planting settings</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphometric characteristics and yield of 'Gigante' forage cactus subjected to different types of organic, chemical, and organic mineral fertilizers and planting configurations. The experiment was installed in a dystrophic Red-Yellow LATOSOL (Oxisol), in a randomized block design, in a split plot design parcel, with three replications. The plots consist of two plant configurations: 1) 24.0000 pl ha<sup>-1</sup>, arranged in triple row, spaced 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m; 2) 26,666 pl ha<sup>-1</sup>, arranged in quadruple row, spaced 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m. The subplots are composed of types of organic, chemical, and organic mineral fertilizers. On the 650th DAP were measured the plant height, number, length, width, cladode area index, fresh and dry matter yield and dry matter content. Morphometric characteristics, the dry matter content and the green mass and dry matter production were influenced by fertilization (P &lt;0.05), regardless the configuration. From the morphometric features, only the width and cladode area were not affected by fertilization. The absence of fertilization or just 30 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> of cattle manure is not enough to achieve satisfactory results with 'Gigante' forage cactus.</p>
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Sandri, Delvio, Maria Madalena Rinaldi, Marizete Rodrigues de Souza, Henrique Fonseca Elias de Oliveira, and Leison Martins Teles. "DESENVOLVIMENTO E QUALIDADE DO MELÃO CULTIVADO NO SISTEMA HIDROPÔNICO SOB DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS E FORMATO DO LEITO DE CULTIVO." IRRIGA 12, no. 2 (2007): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2007v12n2p156-167.
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DESENVOLVIMENTO E QUALIDADE DO MELÃO CULTIVADO NO SISTEMA HIDROPÔNICO SOB DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS E FORMATO DO LEITO DE CULTIVO Delvio Sandri; Maria Madalena Rinaldi; Marizete Rodrigues de Souza; Henrique Fonseca Elias de Oliveira; Leison Martins TelesEngenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, GO, sandri@ueg.br 1 RESUMO O experimento foi conduzido no viveiro HortMudas, em Anápolis - GO, de abril a junho de 2005, para avaliar parâmetros qualitativos e quantitativos do melão híbrido F1 Jangada produzido no sistema hidropônico, sob cultivo protegido. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de três tipos de substrato (areia muito fina, areia fina e fibra de coco) e dois formatos do leito de cultivo (0,20 x0,20 me 0,60 x0,20 m). As variáveis quantitativas avaliadas foram à altura das plantas aos 11, 18, 25, 32 e 39 dias após o transplantio, produtividade, diâmetro do caule, peso dos frutos e índice de formato do fruto e as qualitativas foram, a espessura da polpa e da casca, aos 72 dias após o transplantio. Os tipos de substrato e de leitos de cultivo não interferiram no peso médio, diâmetro, altura e índice de formato dos frutos, espessura de polpa e da casca. A altura média das plantas até aos 32 dias após o transplantio foi significativamente superior nos tratamentos utilizando a fibra de coco. UNITERMOS: Cucumis melo L., cv F1 Jangada, cultivo protegido, solução nutritiva. SANDRI, D.; RINALDI, M. M.; SOUZA, M. R.; OLIVEIRA, H. F. E.; TELES, L. M.DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY OF MELON CULTIVATED UNDER HYDROPONIC SYSTEM WITH DIFFERENT SUBSTRATE AND BED FORMAT 2 ABSTRACT This experiment was carried out at HortoMudas inAnapolis,GO,Brazil, from April to June 2005 to evaluate qualitative and quantitative parameters of the F1 Jangada melon hybrid, cultivated under hydroponic system in a greenhouse. The experimental design was entirely randomized with six treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of three substrate types – very fine sand, fine sand and coconut fiber – and two cultivation bed formats – 0.20x0.20m and 0.60x0.20 m. The evaluated quantitative variables were productivity, stem diameter, fruit height and plant height at 11, 18, 25, 32 and 39 days after the transplant; evaluated qualitative variables were pulp thickness and peel thickness at 72 days after the transplant. No differences were observed in productivity, average weight, diameter, height and fruit shape, pulp thickness and peel thickness when comparing substrate types and cultivation beds. Significant differences were found in the average plant height until 32 days after the transplant. These differences were bigger in treatments using coconut fiber. KEYWORDS: Cucumis melo, cv F1 Jangada, greenhouse cultivation, nutrient solution.
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Bastos, Adriene de Oliveira, Marilia Shibata, Cassio Rafael Costa dos Santos, and Ana Paula Donicht Fernandes. "DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE PARICÁ SOB INFLUÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS E NÍVEIS DE SOMBREAMENTOS." Nativa 11, no. 4 (2023): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nat.v11i4.14023.
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A produção de mudas é uma etapa fundamental para que qualquer espécie alcance seu alto padrão de produtividade e qualidade. Deve-se considerar fatores como a escolha correta dos tipos de substratos e intensidade de luz as quais as mudas são submetidas durante essa fase. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de paricá sob a influência de diferentes substratos orgânicos e níveis de sombreamento. O delineamento experimental foi disposto em blocos casualizados, com arranjo em parcelas subdivididas, com a utilização de quatro níveis de sombreamento (0%, 30%, 50% e 70%) como fator primário, e quatro tipos de substratos orgânicos: A (100% caroço de açaí triturado fermentado); B (65% açaí + 35% cama de aviário); C (20% cama de aviário + 50% pó de serra + 30% solo) e D (100% solo – testemunha), como fator secundário. Foram realizadas cinco avaliações quinzenais das variáveis altura total, diâmetro a altura do colo e número de folhas. O composto orgânico B e os níveis de 30% e 50% de sombreamento proporcionaram melhores médias para as variáveis analisadas, sendo estes recomendados para a produção de mudas de paricá. Palavras-chave: Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby; luminosidade; mudas florestais; produção mudas; substratos orgânicos. Development of paricá seedlings under the influence of different substrates and shadow levels ABSTRACT: The production of seedlings is a fundamental step for any species to reach its high standard of productivity and quality. Factors such as the correct choice of substrate types and light intensity to which the seedlings are submitted during this phase should be considered. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the initial development of paricá seedlings under the influence of different organic substrates and shading levels. The experimental design was arranged in randomized blocks, arranged in split plots, using four levels of shading (0%, 30%, 50% and 70%) as the primary factor, and four types of organic substrates: A (100 % fermented crushed açaí seed); B (65% açaí + 35% poultry litter); C (20% poultry litter + 50% sawdust + 30% soil) and D (100% soil – control), as a secondary factor. Five biweekly evaluations of the variables total height, diameter at neck height and number of leaves were carried out. Organic compost B and levels of 30% and 50% of shading provided better means for the variables analyzed. Therefore, these treatments are recommended for the production of paricá seedlings. Keywords: Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby; luminosity; forest seedlings; seedling production; organic substrates.
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NAKAO, ALLAN HISASHI, MARCELO ANDREOTTI, VIVIANE CRISTINA MODESTO, ISABÔ MELINA PASCOALOTO, and DEYVISON DE ASEVEDO SOARES. "PRODUTIVIDADE DE FITOMASSA DE REBROTAS DE SORGO EM CONSÓRCIO COM CAPIM-PAIAGUÁS." Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 18, no. 1 (2019): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v18n1p133-147.
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RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo de matéria seca e verificar o acúmulo denutrientes das rebrotas do sorgo granífero ou dupla aptidão consorciados ou não com capim-paiaguás, com ou sema inoculação por Azospirillum brasilense, para continuidade do sistema plantio direto no Cerrado, após colheita paraensilagem. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Universidade Estadual Paulista(Unesp) - Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria-MS. O delineamento experimental foi emesquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos constituídos por dois anos de cultivo (2015 e2016); em cultivo exclusivo (solteiro) dos sorgos (granífero ou dupla aptidão) ou em consórcio com o capim-paiaguás,com ou sem a inoculação das sementes de sorgo com a bactéria diazotrófica Azospirillum brasilense. O aproveitamentoda rebrota do sorgo granífero ou de dupla aptidão, principalmente em consórcio com o capim-paiaguás, apresentou-seviável na produção de palhada remanescente no período de entressafra, pela maior produtividade de matéria seca, commaior acúmulo de nutrientes.Palavras-chave: Decomposição, integração lavoura-pecuária, Urochloa brizantha, plantio direto.PHYTOMASS PRODUCTIVITY OF SORGHUM INTERCROPPEDWITH PAIAGUÁS GRASSABSTRACT: This study objectified to evaluate the dry matter productive performance and to verify the nutrientaccumulation of sorghum regrowths with or without Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguás (paiaguás grass)intercropped, and with or without Azospirillum brasilense inoculation, for the continuity of the no-tillage system in theCerrado, after harvesting for ensiling. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farmof the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Ilha Solteira Campus, located in the municipality of Selvíria, MatoGrosso do Sul State. The experimental design used a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. Treatments weretwo years of cultivation (2015 and 2016) and two different seeding arrangements of sorghum (grain or dual aptitude),monocropped or intercropped with paiaguás grass, with or without inoculation of sorghum seeds with Azospirillumbrasilense. The use of regrowth of both sorghum types (grain sorghum or dual aptitude), mainly intercropped withpaiaguás grass, was viable for the production of remaining straw in the off-season period, due to the higher productivityof dry matter, with greater accumulation of nutrients.Keywords: Decomposition, crop-livestock integration, Urochloa brizantha, no-tillage.
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Silva, R. M. da, A. V. M. de Aguiar, V. Mendonça, E. De A. Cardoso, and K. G. V. Garcia. "Produção de mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo com diferentes tipos de enxertia e uso da câmara úmida." Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 10, no. 2 (2015): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v10i4.3824.
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<p>O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a combinação de três formas de realização da enxertia pelo método de garfagem e uso da proteção da enxertia com câmara úmida na a produção de mudas de maracujazeiro. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial (3x2), com seis repetições, sendo cada parcela constituída de nove plantas, os fatores formaram as combinações de três formas de realização da enxertia pelo método de garfagem (fenda cheia, fenda lateral e fenda simples) e utilização e não do uso da proteção da enxertia com câmara úmida. Para produção das mudas dos portaenxertos e enxertos foram utilizadas sementes das cultivares FB 100 e redondo amarelo respectivamente. As enxertias foram realizadas aos 70 dias após a semeadura. Aos 21 dias após as enxertias foi avaliada a porcentagem de pegamento e a cada 14 dias após a enxertia avaliou-se a sobrevivência de plantas que permaneceram vivas, aos 56 dias avaliou-se o número de folhas, diâmetro do enxerto e portaenxerto, altura da planta e massa seca da parte aérea. Os tipos de enxertias por fenda cheia e fenda lateral, associadas ao uso da proteção com câmara úmida promoveram os melhores índices de pegamento e sobrevivência das mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo, porém o uso proteção promoveu um decréscimo no crescimento das plantas.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Seedling production of yellow passionfruit with different types of graft and use of humid chamber</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The objective at this search was to evaluate the combination of three forms of grafting by the grafting method and grafting using protection with damp in the production of passion fruit seedlings camera. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3x2 factorial arrangement with six replications, each plot were nine plants, the factors formed the combinations of three embodiments by the grafting method (cleft, crack and lateral simple) and crack use and not use protection grafting with moist chamber. Seedlings rootstocks production and grafts seeds of cultivars were used respectively FB 100 and round yellow respectively. The grafts were performed at 70 days after sowing. At 21 days after grafting was evaluated the percentage of fruit set and every 14 days after grafting, we evaluated the plants survival that remained alive, at 56 days assessed the number of leaves, rootstock and graft diameter, plant height and dry weight of shoots. The types of grafts for full and side slit slit associated with the use of protective moist chamber provided better rates of survival and fixation of passion fruit seedlings, however, the use protection caused a decrease in plant growth.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p>
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Barroso, Isabel Campos, Maria Elisa Esteves Lopes Galvão, and Angelica da Fontoura Garcia Silva. "Aspectos do Conhecimento Profissional Sobre Transformações Geométricas Emergentes em uma Atividade Diagnóstica com a Participação de um Grupo De Professores." Jornal Internacional de Estudos em Educação Matemática 12, no. 3 (2020): 284–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2176-5634.2019v12n3p284-294.
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Tem-se como objetivo nesse trabalho trazer parte de uma pesquisa que teve como propósito identificar e analisar o conhecimento profissional docente para o ensino das transformações geométricas na Educação Básica e examinar as contribuições de uma formação voltada para esse conhecimento. Participaram da pesquisa 21 professores do Ensino Fundamental e Médio, que atuam na rede pública do Rio de Janeiro. A investigação seguiu princípios metodológicos do Design Experiment. O aporte teórico sobre o conhecimento docente baseou-se nos estudos de Ball, Thames e Phelps; os trabalhos de Bulf, Grenier e Jahn trouxeram referências importantes sobre as transformações geométricas. Uma atividade diagnóstica para avaliar os conhecimentos sobre os vários tipos de simetria, eixos de reflexão e centros de rotação, precedeu a preparação de um conjunto de atividades que explorou a construção do conhecimento sobre esse conteúdo usando desde materiais manipulativos até um software de Geometria Dinâmica. Traz-se para esse artigo os dados referentes à avaliação diagnóstica e busca-se compreender, dentre os professores participantes, os conhecimentos comum e especializado para o ensino das transformações geométricas emergentes dessa atividade. As respostas à atividade diagnóstica revelaram que os participantes carecem do conhecimento comum e especializado, consequência de uma formação inicial que pouco contemplou esse conteúdo. As atividades e as discussões sobre o tema possibilitaram a ampliação dos conhecimentos profissionais dos professores, especialmente o conhecimento do conteúdo.
 
 Palavras-chave: Transformações Geométricas. Simetria. Formação de Professores. Conhecimento Docente. Residência Docente.
 
 Abstract
 The objectives of this work are to bring part of a research that aimed to identify and analyze the teaching professional knowledge for the teaching of geometric transformations in Basic Education and to examine the contributions of some activities focused on this knowledge. Twenty-one elementary and high school teachers from Rio de Janeiro public schools participated in the research. The research followed the methodological principles of Design Experiment. The theoretical support on teaching knowledge was based on the studies of Ball, Thames and Phelps; the works of Bulf, Grenier, and Jahn brought important references about geometric transformations. A diagnostic activity to assess knowledge about the various types of symmetry, reflection axes, and centers of rotation preceded the preparation of a set of activities that explored knowledge building on this content using from manipulative materials to Dynamic Geometry software. This article brings the data related to the diagnostic evaluation and seeks to understand, among the participating teachers, the common and specialized knowledge for teaching the geometric transformations emerging from this activity. The responses to the diagnostic activity revealed that the participants lack common and specialized knowledge, a consequence of an initial formation that had little contemplation of this content. The activities and discussions on the subject allowed the expansion of teachers' professional knowledge, especially the content knowledge.
 
 Keywords: Geometric Transformations. Symmetry. Teacher Training. Teaching Knowledge. Teaching Residency.
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Becker, Rafael Sobroza, Airton dos Santos Alonço, Tiago Rodrigo Francetto, Wagner Alexandre Silveira da Cruz, and Henrique Eguilhor Rodrigues. "INFLUÊNCIA DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS DE FERTILIZANTES SÓLIDOS SOBRE A TAXA DE APLICAÇÃO EM DOSADOR HELICOIDAL." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 36, no. 2 (2021): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2021v36n2p183-192.
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INFLUÊNCIA DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS DE FERTILIZANTES SÓLIDOS SOBRE A TAXA DE APLICAÇÃO EM DOSADOR HELICOIDAL RAFAEL SOBROZA BECKER1; AIRTON DOS SANTOS ALONÇO2; TIAGO RODRIGO FRANCETTO3; WAGNER ALEXANDRE SILVEIRA DA CRUZ4 E HENRIQUE EGUILHOR RODRIGUES5 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, e-mails:1rafaelsobrozabecker@gmail.com, 2airtonalonco@gmail.com, 3tiago.francetto@ufsm.br, 4wagnercasca@hotmail.com, 5henrique_eguilhor@hotmail.com. RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência das características físicas de três tipos de fertilizantes sobre a taxa de aplicação. Os testes em bancada foram realizados com um dosador do tipo helicoidal cujo acionamento foi via motor elétrico, sendo a alteração e o controle da rotação realizados por um inversor de frequência. Os fertilizantes foram classificados como mistura granular, de grânulos e farelada, sendo determinadas algumas de suas propriedades físicas. A taxa de aplicação, g min-1, foi realizada através da mensuração da massa de produto coletada num intervalo de 30 segundos. O experimento foi executado para fins estatísticos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em um arranjo bifatorial (tipo de fertilizante e rotação de acionamento), com cinco repetições. Os resultados mostraram que ocorreu diferença estatística entre os três tipos de fertilizantes, evidenciando que, quanto maior a densidade maior será seu fluxo mássico para a mesma regulagem, com uma diferença de 55,1 % do fertilizante farelado para o granular. A taxa de aplicação média é diretamente proporcional a rotação de acionamento, podendo ser estimada através de uma equação de regressão linear. Desta maneira, conclui-se que na regulagem de distribuidores de fertilizantes, o fluxo mássico deve ser verificado quando houver qualquer alteração das características físicas dos fertilizantes utilizados. Palavras-chave: Máquinas agrícolas, semeadora-adubadora, medição, eficiência. INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID FERTILIZERS ON THE RATE OF APPLICATION IN HELICAL DOSING MECHANISM ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the physical characteristics of three types of fertilizers on the application rate. The bench tests were performed with a helical dosing mechanism driven by an electric motor, with the rotation being altered and controlled by a frequency inverter. The fertilizers were classified as granular mixture, granules, and crumbled, and some of their physical properties were determined. The application rate, g min-1, was performed by measuring the mass of the collected product in an interval of 30 seconds. The experiment was performed for statistical purposes in a completely randomized design (DIC), in a bifactorial arrangement (fertilizer type and drive rotation), with five replications. The results showed that there was a statistical difference between the three types of fertilizers, evidencing that the higher the density, the higher its mass flow will be for the same regulation, with a difference of 55.1% from the crumbled fertilizer to the granular. The average application rate is directly proportional to the drive rotation and it can be estimated using a linear regression equation. Thus, it is concluded that in the regulation of fertilizer distributors, the mass flow should be verified when it occurs there is any changes in the physical characteristics of the fertilizers used. Keywords: Agricultural machinery, row crop planter, measurement, efficiency.
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Grande, Salvador Carlos, and Erika Cristina Cren. "AVALIAÇÃO DOS EFEITOS DOS PARÂMETROS DE PROCESSO NA EXTRAÇÃO ALCALINA DE PROTEÍNAS DOS FARELOS DE MACAÚBA EMPREGANDO PLANEJAMENTO EXPERIMENTAL FATORIAL." e-xacta 9, no. 1 (2016): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18674/exacta.v9i1.1782.
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<p>O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo acerca da extração alcalina de proteínas dos farelos de polpa e amêndoa de macaúba. A fim de avaliar a influência dos parâmetros de processo, a saber, concentração de NaCl da solução de extração, razão sólido:solução, temperatura e pH da solução de extração, sobre o rendimento de extração das proteínas dos farelos, um planejamento experimental fatorial (2<sup>4</sup>) foi conduzido. Os parâmetros foram avaliados em 2 níveis, além do ponto central. Para o farelo de amêndoa, a avaliação estatística dos efeitos dos parâmetros para a maximização do rendimento de extração, ao nível de significância de 95%, indicam que o pH e a razão sólido:solução são estatisticamente significativos. No entanto, para o farelo da polpa, os parâmetros que influenciam de forma significativa o rendimento do processo de extração, dentro das faixas investigadas, são a concentração de NaCl, a razão sólido: solução e o pH da solução de extração. Os resultados apontam que para ambos os farelos, a temperatura de extração, dentro da faixa investigada, não exerce influência sobre o rendimento. De um modo geral, o processo de extração alcalina de proteínas dos farelos de macaúba mostra-se promissor, sendo atingidos rendimentos de extração de até 99% e 92%, respectivamente. Mesmo na pior condição experimental de extração, para ambos os farelos, um rendimento acima de 50% foi obtido. Os resultados apresentados são de fundamental importância para futuros estudos que visam otimizar os parâmetros de processo para maximização do rendimento de extração de proteínas, inclusive em escala industrial. </p><p>Abstract</p><p>This work presents a study about alkaline extraction of proteins from macaúba bran. In order to evaluate the influences of the process parameters, namely, the concentration of NaCl solution, ratio solid:solution, temperature and the pH of extraction solution, on protein extraction yield from macaúba bran, an experimental factorial design (2<sup>4</sup>) was conducted. The parameters were evaluated in 2 levels, in addition to the central point. For the kernel bran of macaúba, the statistical evaluation of process parameter effects for the maximization of protein extraction yield, at a significance level of 95%, indicates that the pH and the ratio solid:solution are statistically significant. For the pulp bran of macaúba the parameters that influence significantly the extraction yield of proteins, within ranges investigated, are the concentration of NaCl solution, the ratio solid:solution and the pH of the extraction solution. For both types of bran, the extraction temperature, within range investigated, does not exercise influence, at a significance level of 95%, on the protein extraction yield. In general, the alkaline extraction of proteins from the pulp and the kernel bran of macaúba show to be promising, being achieved extraction yields of up to 99% and 92%, respectively. Even in the worst experimental condition of extraction, for both types of bran, a yield above 50% was obtained. The results obtained and presented are important for future studies aiming industrial application and so to optimize the process parameters of extraction for maximization of protein yield.</p>
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Philippi, E., R. M. Ternus, J. A. Cavalcante, and A. M. Fraga. "Desempenho de herbicidas no controle de plantas daninhas em milho silagem." Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 11, no. 1 (2016): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v11i1.4015.
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<p>No estado de Santa Catarina a produção de grãos de milho divide espaço com a produção de milho silagem, sendo está amplamente difundida na pecuária como alimento volumoso para bovinos. Neste sentido, torna-se importante a busca por alternativas que visem minimizar perdas de produtividade, entre elas, reduzir a competição causada por plantas daninhas, que interferem no acúmulo de biomassa. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência dos herbicidas Primóleo® (atrazina) e Callisto® (mesotriona) no controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do milho silagem em duas épocas de cultivos. Os ensaios foram arranjados em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4x2 (diferentes tipos de controle e diferentes safras). Os tratamentos foram: aplicações dos herbicidas atrazina e mesotriona, a capina mecânica e a testemunha. Para a aplicação dos mesmos, foi realizado o levantamento da população de plantas daninhas de todas as parcelas com área de 12 metros quadrados cada. Posteriormente, com os tratamentos aplicados, foi efetuado avaliações visuais da eficiência de controle aos 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação, onde o herbicida atrazina se mostrou mais eficiente que o mesotriona, as demais variáveis analisadas foram: produtividade, altura de inserção de espiga e rendimento de espiga. Por meio dessas, verificou-se que controle mecânico de plantas daninhas é mais eficiente que o controle químico, e que não houve diferença significativa de rendimento de milho entre os herbicidas mesotriona e atrazina independentemente da época de cultivo.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Herbicide performance in weed control in corn silage</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>In Santa Catarina, the production of grains of maize shares space with the production of corn silage, which is used in cattle as forage for cattle food. In this sense, it is important to search for alternatives that minimize the loss of productivity, among them, reduce competition caused by weeds that affect the biomass accumulation. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of Primóleo® (atrazine) and Callisto® (mesotrione) herbicides in the control of weeds in corn silage in two seasons of crops. The tests were arranged in a randomized block design, in 4x2 factorial design (different types of control and different vintages). The treatments were applications of atrazine and mesotrione herbicides, mechanical weeding and the witness. For the application, it was carried out the survey of the population of weed all plots with an area of 12 square meters each. After, with the applied treatments, it was made visual assessments of control efficiency at 14, 21 and 28 days after application, where atrazine was more efficient than the mesotrione. Other variables analyzed were: productivity, ear height and ear yield.Through these, it was found that mechanical weed control is more efficient than chemical control, and no significant difference between maize yield using the mesotrione and atrazine herbicides regardless of the growing season.</p>
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Covolan, Almir Rogério, Tatiane Cristovam Ferreira, and Edilson Ramos Gomes. "INFLUÊNCIA DO AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO NO CULTIVO DA ALFACE EM ADUBAÇÃO ORGÂNICA E CONVENCIONAL." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 37, no. 1 (2022): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2022v37n1p76-84.
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INFLUÊNCIA DO AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO NO CULTIVO DA ALFACE EM ADUBAÇÃO ORGÂNICA E CONVENCIONAL ALMIR ROGÉRIO COVOLAN1, TATIANE CRISTOVAM FERREIRA2, EDILSON RAMOS GOMES3 1 Discente do curso de Agronomia - FIB - Faculdades Integradas de Bauru – FIB; Rua José Santiago, Quadra 15, Bauru -SP, 17056-120. almir.covolan@hotmail.com. 2 Doutoranda em Engenharia Agricola: Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – FCA/UNESP, Avenida Universitária, 3780, Botucatu-SP, 18610-034. tatiane.cristovam@unesp.br. 3 Professor Doutor do Curso de Agronomia - FIB - Faculdades Integradas de Bauru – FIB: Rua José Santiago, Quadra 15, Bauru -SP, 17056-120. edilsonevj@hotmail.com. RESUMO: O consumo de hortaliças no Brasil aumenta ano após ano, com ênfase nas folhosas. Assim, os aspectos climáticos estão entre os fatores que mais interferem em sua produção, bem como alterações na fisiologia da planta. Portanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes tipos de ambientes protegidos em resposta a adubação mineral e orgânica na produção da alface crespa. O experimento foi conduzido na forma de um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), no esquema fatorial 3 x 2, onde os tratamentos foram T1: cultivo em ambiente com tela de sombreamento na cor preta com 50% sombreamento com adubação mineral e a orgânica; T2: cultivo em campo aberto com adubação mineral e a orgânica e T3: cultivo em ambiente em forma de túnel com cobertura de polietileno de 125 micras com adubação mineral e a orgânica. Na subparcela dois tipos de adubação (mineral e orgânica) com cinco repetições. As características coletadas foram: massa fresca e seca de parte aérea, caule e raiz, altura de planta, diâmetro de caule, volume de raiz, número de folhas, teores de macronutrientes foliar e produtividade. Pode-se concluir que os melhores resultados foram obtidos no ambiente de cultivo em túnel com cobertura de polietileno de 125 micras combinado com a adubação orgânica. Palavras-chaves: nutrição de plantas, Lactuca sativa L., cultivo protegido. THE INFLUENCE OF THE PROTECTED AMBIENT ON LETTUCE CULTIVATION UNDER ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL FERTILIZATION ABSTRACT: The consumption of vegetables in Brazil increases year after year, with emphasis on leafy vegetables. Thus, climatic aspects are among the factors that most interfere with its production, as well as changes in the physiology of the plant. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of different types of protected environments in response to mineral and organic fertilization on the production of curly lettuce. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (DIC), in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, where the treatments were T1: cultivation in an environment with a black shading screen with 50% shading with mineral and organic fertilizers; T2: cultivation in open field with mineral and organic fertilization and T3: cultivation in a tunnel-shaped environment with 125 micron polyethylene cover with mineral and organic fertilization. In the subplot two types of fertilization (mineral and organic) with five replications. The characteristics collected were: fresh and dry mass of aerial part, stem and root, plant height, stem diameter, root volume, number of leaves, foliar macronutrient contents and productivity. It can be concluded that the best results were obtained in the tunnel culture environment with a polyethylene cover of 125 microns combined with organic fertilization. Keywords: crop nutrition, Lactuca sativa L., protected cultivation.
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Massad, Marília Dutra, Tiago Reis Dutra, Tiago Barbosa Santos, Rafaela Letícia Ramires Cardoso, and Mateus Felipe Quintino Sarmento. "Substratos alternativos na produção de mudas de flamboyant e ipê-mirim." Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 10, no. 2 (2015): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v10i2.3475.
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O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do uso de bagaço de cana, casca de urucum e serragem, em diferentes proporções, na composição de substratos alternativos, constituídos a partir da mistura do substrato comercial Rohrbacher®, para a produção de mudas de flamboyant e ipê-mirim. Foi adotado o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, no esquema fatorial (5 x 2), sendo avaliados cinco tipos de substratos e duas espécies. Os substratos avaliados foram: 100% Rohrbacher®; 70% Rohrbacher® + 30% Bagaço de cana; 70% Rohrbacher® + 30% Casca de urucum; 70% Rohrbacher® + 30% Serragem; 50% Rohrbacher® + 16,67% Bagaço de cana + 16,67% Casca de urucum + 16,67% Serragem. Foram avaliados: altura da parte aérea; diâmetro de coleto; massa seca da parte aérea; massa seca da raiz e massa seca total, além das relações H/DC, H/MSPA, MSPA/MSR e Índice de Qualidade de Dickson. Os substratos Rohrbacher®, 70%R+30%CA e 70%R+30%UR promoveram maior ganho em altura nas mudas de flamboyant e ipê-mirim. O substrato Rohrbacher® proporcionou às mudas maior produção de MSR. O flamboyant apresentou valores superiores para H, DC, MSPA, MSR, MST MSPA/MSR e IQD, conferindo um padrão de qualidade de mudas superior ao ipê-mirim.Alternative substrates in the production of seedlings of flamboyant and ipe-mirimAbstract: The study aimed to assess the effect of using sugarcane bagasse, bark and sawdust annatto, in different proportions, the composition of alternative substrates, made from a mixture of commercial substrate Rohrbacher®, to produce flamboyant and seedlings ipe-mirim. The experimental design of randomized blocks was adopted with three replications, in a factorial scheme (5 x 2), being evaluated five types of substrates and two species. The substrates were evaluated: 100% Rohrbacher®; Rohrbacher® 70% + 30% Sugar cane bagasse; Rohrbacher® 70% + 30% annatto bark; Rohrbacher® 70% + 30% sawdust; 50% Rohrbacher® + 16.67% Sugar cane bagasse + 16.67% annatto Bark + 16.67% sawdust. They were assessed: shoot height; diameter collect; dry mass of shoots; dry mass of roots and total dry matter, beyond relations H / DC, H / SDM, SDM / RDM and Quality Index of Dickson. The Rohrbacher® substrates, 70% R + 30% CA and 70% R + 30% RH promoted greater height gain in seedlings flamboyant and ipe-mirim. The Rohrbacher® substrate provided the seedlings higher production of MSR. The flamboyant showed higher values for H, DC, SDM, RDM, TDM, SDM / SDM and QID, giving a quality standard of superior seedlings to ipe-mirim.
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Silva, Tainara Tâmara Santiago, Riuzuani Michelle Bezerra Pedroza Lopes, Jean Pereira Guimarães, Vera Lucia Antunes Lima, and Maria Sallydelândia Sobral Farias. "Efeito da adubação orgânica sobre a matéria seca do girassol irrigado com água residuária." Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 11, no. 3 (2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v11i3.3979.
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<p>Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos da irrigação com água residuária doméstica tratada e da adubação com composto de resíduo sólido urbano na matéria seca de plantas de girassol. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande – PB; a cultura utilizada foi o Girassol (<em>Helianthus annuus </em>L.), variável EMBRAPA 122/V2000, cultivadas em vasos preenchidos com solo classificado como Neossolo Regolítico eutrófico. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos inteiramente casualizados em esquema fatorial 6 x 2, com 3 repetições, que foram 6 doses de nitrogênio disponível em composto de resíduo sólido (0, 60, 100, 140, 180, 220 kg. N. ha<sup>-1</sup>) e 2 tipos de água (água de abastecimento e água residuária doméstica tratada). A água residuária foi tratada por meio de reator UASB (Reator anaeróbico de fluxo ascendente) e a água de abastecimento foi proveniente do sistema de abastecimento público municipal. Verificou-se que a qualidade de água influenciou a produção de massa seca da parte aérea a 5% de probabilidade; já a variação das doses de nitrogênio não exerceu efeito significativo para a variável analisada.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Effect of organic manure on the dry matter of the sunflower irrigated with wastewater</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>is aimed with this work was to evaluate the effects of irrigation with treated domestic wastewater and fertilization with municipal solid waste compost on the dry matter of sunflower plants. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Campina Grande - PB; culture used was the Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), variable EMBRAPA 122 / V2000, grown in pots filled with soil classified as eutrophic Entisol. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial 6 x 2, with three repetitions, which were 6 levels of nitrogen available in compound of solid waste (0, 60, 100, 140, 180, 220 kg. N ha<sup>-1</sup>) and 2 types of water (water supply domestic wastewater and treated water). The wastewater was treated by UASB (upflow anaerobic reactor) and the water supply was coming from the municipal supply system. It was found that the water quality influenced the dry matter yield of shoot a 5% probability; since the variation of nitrogen doses no significant effect for the variable analyzed.</p>
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Ferreira, Francielle Morelli, Leonardo Luis Oss, Márcia De Almeida Carneiro, and Felipe Adolfo Litter. "DISTRIBUIÇÃO LONGITUDINAL NA SEMEADURA DO MILHO COM SEMEADORAS DE PRECISÃO MECÂNICA E PNEUMÁTICA." Nativa 7, no. 3 (2019): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v7i3.7553.
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Objetivou-se avaliar a distribuição longitudinal das sementes de milho sob diferentes velocidades na semeadura, utilizando semeadoras de precisão mecânica e pneumática. O experimento foi realizado no ano de 2017, em uma área da Fazenda Chopim, localizada no município de Novo Mundo – MT. O delineamento utilizado foi em faixas com esquema fatorial, composto do fator A (dois tipos de semeadoras – mecânica e pneumática) e do fator B (três velocidades de semeadura - 3,5; 5,5 e 7,5 km h-1). A determinação da distribuição longitudinal das sementes foi avaliada pelos espaçamentos entre sementes germinadas, e posteriormente, foram classificados em aceitáveis, falhos e múltiplos. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de variância com aplicação do Teste de F e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade com o auxílio do programa estatístico Sisvar®. A semeadora mecânica na velocidade de 7,5 km h-1 ocasionou menor número de sementes com espaçamento aceitável e o maior número de aceitáveis ocorreu a 3,5 km h-1. Para a semeadora- pneumática o número de sementes aceitáveis se manteve sem diferença estatística nas três velocidades de semeadura (3,5; 5,5 e 7,5 km h-1).Palavras-chave: qualidade, semeadura, plantabilidade, Zea mays. LONGITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE MAIZE SOWING IN MECHANICAL AND PNEUMATIC PRECISION SEEDING MACHINES ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal distribution of corn seeds using mechanical and pneumatic precision seeders under different sowing speeds. The experiment was carried out in the year of 2017, in an area of Fazenda Chopim, located in the municipality of Novo Mundo - MT. The design was used in a factorial scheme, composed of factor A (two types of seeders - mechanical and pneumatic) and factor B (three sowing speeds - 3.5, 5.5 and 7.5 km h-1). The determination of the longitudinal distribution of the seeds was evaluated by the spacings between germinated seeds, later, they were classified as acceptable, faulty and multiple. The results were submitted to analysis of variance with application of the F Test and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability with the aid of the statistical program Sisvar®. The mechanical seeder-fertilizer at the speed of 7.5 km h-1 causes fewer seeds with acceptable spacing. For the seedermechanical fertilizer the speed of 3.5 km h-1 caused the highest number of acceptable seeds. The pneumatic seeder maintained, without statistical difference, the number of seeds acceptable at the three sowing speeds (3.5, 5.5 and 7.5 km h-1).Keywords: quality, plantabily, yield, Zea mays.
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Maraschin, Lucas, José Fernando Scaramuzza, and Cristiane Ramos Vieira. "INCUBAÇÃO DO CALCÁRIO E AS CARACTERÍSTICAS QUÍMICAS DE SOLOS COM TEXTURAS DIFERENTES." Nativa 8, no. 1 (2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v8i1.6908.
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A calagem interfere na disponibilidade de nutrientes, uma vez que recondiciona o solo. Essa mudança pode ser favorável ou não, dependendo da cultura a ser implantada e do solo a ser corrigido. Diante disso, realizou-se experimento com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do calcário, cuja quantidade foi calculada seguindo o método da incubação com CaCO3, nas características químicas de dois solos, um com textura arenosa e outro com textura argilosa. Primeiramente, foi efetuada a incubação do solo com o calcário, que foi mantido em sacolas plásticas por 40 dias, considerando os tipos de solos estudados. A quantidade de calcário dependeu das doses testadas, que foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, constituindo 10 tratamentos (doses) e três repetições, sendo: 0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; 10,0; 12,5; 15,0 e 20,0 t ha-1. Após incubação, realizaram-se as análises químicas dos solos. A elevação das doses de calcário, aplicadas ao Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, proporcionou alterações nos teores de Ca, Mg, H, Al e Fe; que culminaram em alterações em características como pH, CTC, V% e m%, tanto quando a textura deste foi argilosa, quanto quando foi média.Palavras-chave: calagem; fração textural; CaCO3; correção do solo. METHOD OF INCUBATION WITH LIMESTONE IN THE CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS WITH DIFFERENT TEXTURES ABSTRACT: Liming interferes on the availability of nutrients, because it reconditions the soil. This change may or may not be favorable, depending on the culture to be implanted and the soil to be corrected. For this, a experiment was realized with the objective of to evaluate the effects of limestone, that the quantity was calculated using the method of incubation with CaCO3, in the chemical characteristics of two soils, one with medium texture and the other with a clayey texture. First, the soil was incubated with the limestone and the material was kept in plastic bags for 40 days, considering the types of soils studied. The amount of limestone depended on the doses tested, which were distributed in a completely randomized design, constituting 10 treatments (doses) and three replications, that were: 0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5; 10.0; 12.5; 15.0 and 20.0 t ha-1. After incubation, analyzes of the chemical characteristics of the soils, were carried out. The increase of limestone doses, applied to the dystrophic Red Latosol, caused alterations in Ca, Mg, H, Al and Fe contents; culminating in changes in characteristics as pH, CTC, V% and m%, when the texture was clayey and medium.Keywords: liming; fraction textural; CaCO3; soil correction.
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Macan, Natalia Prado Fortuna, Tamara Maria Gomes, Fabrício Rossi, and Giovana Tommaso. "DESEMPENHO DA IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO COM O USO DE EFLUENTE DE LATICÍNIO TRATADO POR PROCESSO BIOLÓGICO." IRRIGA 22, no. 3 (2017): 575–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2017v22n3p575-590.
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DESEMPENHO DA IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO COM O USO DE EFLUENTE DE LATICÍNIO TRATADO POR PROCESSO BIOLÓGICO NATALIA PRADO FORTUNA MACAN1; TAMARA MARIA GOMES2; FABRÍCIO ROSSI3 E GIOVANA TOMMASO4 1Eng. de Biossistemas, Mestranda em Engenharia Agrícola, FEAGRI/UNICAMP, Av. Cândido Rondon, 501 - Cidade Universitária, Campinas - SP, 13083-875, Brasil. E-mail: npfortuna@gmail.com2Eng. de Biossistemas, Profa. Doutora no Depto. de Engenharia de Biossistemas, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga-SP, R. Duque de Caxias, 225 - Campus Fernando Costa, Pirassununga - SP, 13635-900 Brasil. E-mail: tamaragomes@usp.br3Eng. de Biossistemas, Prof. Doutor, Depto. de Engenharia de Biossistemas, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga-SP, Brasil. E-mail: fabricio.rossi@usp.br. 4Eng. de Alimentos, Profa. Doutora, Depto. de Engenharia de Alimentos, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga-SP, Brasil. E-mail: tommaso@usp.br 1 RESUMO Os laticínios geram efluentes que podem ser reaproveitados na irrigação. No entanto, o efeito desses efluentes nos sistemas de irrigação ainda é pouco estudado. Assim, os objetivos desse trabalho foram caracterizar o efluente de laticínio tratado por processos biológicos, classifica-lo quanto ao potencial de entupimento de emissores e avaliar a uniformidade do sistema de irrigação por gotejamento por meio da determinação dos coeficientes de uniformidade de distribuição (CUD), de Christiansen (CUC) e estatístico (CUE). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, com quatro repetições e avaliações dos coeficientes ao longo do tempo. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de três fontes de água: água de abastecimento (AB); efluente de laticínio tratado por sistema anaeróbio (EAN) e por sistema aeróbio (EA); e por três lâminas de irrigação, 50% (W1), 100% (W2) e 150% (W3) da evapotranspiração da cultura da beterraba. Após 40 horas de funcionamento, CUD, CUC e CUE foram classificados como “Excelente”, com valores superiores a 96%. As diferentes lâminas aplicadas não influenciaram nos coeficientes. Entretanto, ao longo do tempo, as três fontes de água utilizadas ocasionaram diminuição do CUD, CUC e CUE, sendo que a maior redução foi encontrada nas parcelas que utilizaram efluente anaeróbio. Palavras-chave: água residuária, reúso, coeficiente de uniformidade, gotejador, tratamento anaeróbio e aeróbio. MACAN, N. P. F.; GOMES, T. M.; ROSSI, F.; TOMMASO, G.PERFORMANCE OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING DAIRY EFFLUENT TREATED BY BIOLOGICAL PROCESS 2 ABSTRACT The dairy industry produces effluents that can be reused on irrigation. However, the effect of these effluents on the irrigation systems is still little studied. Thus, the goals of this work were to characterize the dairy effluent treated by biological processes, classify it for its potential to cause emitter clogging, and evaluate the drip irrigation system uniformity by determination of emission uniformity coefficient (EUC), Christiansen coefficient (CUC), and Statistical uniformity coefficient (SUC). The experimental design was performed in randomized blocks, with a 3 x 3 factorial design, four replications, and coefficients evaluation over the time. The treatments consisted of three types of water: freshwater (AB), dairy effluent treated by anaerobic processes (EAN), and effluent treated by aerobic processes (EA) at three irrigation depths – 50% (W1), 100% (W2), and 150% (W3) – of the estimated table beet evapotranspiration. After 40 hours of irrigation, EUC, CUC e SUC were classified as excellent, with values greater than 96%. The different irrigation depths did not affect the uniformity coefficients. However, the use of the three water sources led to EUC, CUC and SUC reduction over time, and the largest reduction was found on plots that used anaerobic effluent. Keywords: agro-industry, uniformity coefficient, emitter, reuse, anaerobic and aerobic treatment.
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Barbosa, Adriano Silveira, Joênes Mucci Pelúzio, Ildon Rodrigues do Nascimento, Rodrigo Ribeiro Fidelis, and Sorane Moraes de Sousa. "DESSECAÇÃO QUÍMICA E RETARDAMENTO DE COLHEITA EM SOJA VISANDO À PRODUÇÃO DE SEMENTES." Nativa 7, no. 1 (2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v7i1.6613.
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Estudos sobre o efeito da dessecação e retardamento de colheita, nas qualidades das sementes de soja, são escassos em cultivos sob baixa latitude. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da aplicação de dessecante em soja, avaliando o retardamento da colheita em duas cultivares, observando as respostas fisiológicas, químicas e produtividade das sementes. No ano agrícola 2016/17, foi realizado experimento em Gurupi-TO, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com três repetições, sendo os tratamentos dispostos em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, alocados nas parcelas duas cultivares com tipos de crescimento diferentes (NA 8015 RR-indeterminado; M 8349 IPRO-determinado), nas subparcelas dois sistemas de manejo (com dessecação e testemunha) e nas subsubparcelas quatro épocas de colheita (R8, R8+7, R8+14, R8+21). O dessecante utilizado foi herbicida com princípio ativo paraquat, na dosagem recomendada para a soja (1,5 L ha-1), aplicado no estádio R7.2 da cultura. Após a colheita, as sementes foram submetidas aos testes de germinação em laboratório, emergência em campo, produtividade, teores de óleo e proteína dos grãos. Não houve efeito da dessecação química e do retardamento de colheita na composição química dos grãos. O retardamento da colheita afeta negativamente a germinação, emergência e produtividade das sementes. A cultivar M 8349 IPRO é mais tolerante ao retardamento de colheita.Palavras-chave: épocas de colheita, Glycine max, herbicida dessecante. CHEMICAL DETERMINATION AND DELAY OF HARVESTING IN SOYBEANS FOR SEED PRODUCTION ABSTRACT: Studies on the effect of desiccation and crop delay on the qualities of soybean seeds are scarce in crops under low latitude. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of desiccant in soybean, evaluating the delay of the harvest in two cultivars, observing the physiological, chemical and seed productivity responses. In the agricultural year 2016/17, an experiment was carried out in Gurupi-TO, a randomized complete block design, with three replications. The treatments were arranged in a sub-split plots scheme, with two cultivars with different growth types (NA 8015 RR-undetermined; M 8349 IPRO-determined) in the subplots two management systems (with desiccation and control) and in sub-subplots four harvest times (R8, R8+7, R8+14, R8+21). The desiccant used was herbicide with paraquat active ingredient, at the recommended dosage for soybean (1.5 L ha-1), applied at the R7.2 stage of the crop. After the harvest, the seeds were submitted to germination tests in the laboratory, field emergence, yield, oil content and grain protein. There was no effect of chemical desiccation and crop delay on the chemical composition of the grains. Harvest delay negatively affects seed germination, emergence and yield. The cultivar M 8349 IPRO is more tolerant to crop delay.Keywords: harvest time, Glycine max, desiccant herbicide.