Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'AVC'
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Correia, Diogo Jorge Durais. "AVC Hemorrágico." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/906.
Full textIntroduction: Taking into account hemorrhagic stroke epidemiology, and its high mortality rate, a quick and incisive response is needed so that patients can receive the best possible treatment. In order to do so, it’s vital to recognize risk factors and the factors that can alter early death (first week) in this context. This study was designed to respond to that need, to identify risk factors capable of altering the outcome of hemorrhagic stroke patients, with special attention given to initial hemorrhagic volume and initial oedema volume as poor prognostic factors. Methods: The data was collected from the digital support of the cranial computerized tomography and from the clinical records of the patients admitted on “Unidade de Acidentes Vasculares” of Pêro da Covilhã Hospital between September 1, 2007 and October 31, 2008. Results: The study included 45 patients, 33 of which survived and 12 died. The mortality of the group was 26,7%. The patients that died showed a mean volume of haemorrhage of 31,4cc, while the others stayed with a mean volume of 15,7cc. The mean value for oedema volume in the deceased patients was 31,4cc, and 12,8 in the ones who survived. Discussion: Higher volume of oedema in the first 24 hours is associated with independent risk for early mortality following hemorrhagic stroke. Platelet count and higher glucose level on admission, as well as history of diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation and prior use of antiplatelet agents are also independently associated with worst prognosis.
Silva, Marco António da Costa e. "Níveis de glicémia capilar e prognóstico do doente com AVC." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/1049.
Full textIntroduction: Stroke is a serious public health problem in Portugal and the entire world. High levels of glucose in the blood are common in the early phase of stroke. The prevalence of hyperglycemia, defined as a level of blood glucose >6.0mmol/L (108mg/dl) was observed in more than 50% of patients, regardless of the subtype of stroke. The main aim of this work was to evaluate the relationship between blood glucose levels on admission and prognosis on discharge in patients with diagnosis of stroke. The secondary aim was to study the relationship between the prognoses of these patients with other variables. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients admitted to the CHCB’s U-Stroke with the diagnosis of stroke. The study took place during the period from June 1, 2009 and May 30, 2010. To collect data (level of blood glucose, HbA1c, CRP, fibrinogen and D-dimmers measured on admission, the score of NIHSS on admission and also, the scores of Barthel Index and Rankin Scale on discharge), we proceeded to query clinical processes. Results: We studied 297 patients. The 31.3% were diabetic and the 73.7% had blood glucose levels above the values considered normal. Nineteen patients with hyperglycemia on admission died and 114 were dependent. However 2 patients without hyperglycemia on admission died and 34 were dependent. The relationship between hyperglycemia on admission with dependence and mortality was not statistically significant (p=0.71 and p=0.199, respectively). Conclusion: These results suggest that hyperglycemia on admission and Diabetes are a common finding in stroke patients. Patients with hyperglycemia on admission had a higher mortality and a worse prognosis (higher number of patients classified as dependent) compared with patients without hyperglycemia on admission.
Barbosa, Maria Teresa Lima Mendes Julião. "Custos e efetividade da reabilitação após acidente vascular cerebral : uma revisão sistemática." Master's thesis, FEUC, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/21495.
Full textVieira, Marco Ivo Coimbra Fino Oliveira. "A pessoa com AVC, promoção do autocuidado nas AVD." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/15731.
Full textO aumento da esperança de vida, a diminuição da mortalidade e o decorrente aumento do envelhecimento da população portuguesa traduz-se no aumento do número de pessoas com Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC), sendo atualmente em Portugal a principal causa de morte e de incapacidade tendo as suas sequelas grande impacto na dinâmica de vida da pessoa, confrontando-se esta com um súbito défice no autocuidado na realização das Atividades de Vida Diária (AVD). Tornando-se cada vez mais premente uma resposta eficaz por parte dos profissionais de saúde, onde se insere a intervenção especializada do enfermeiro de reabilitação. Por todo o impacto que esta patologia tem na sociedade atual e na minha práxis, esta problemática constituiu um foco de interesse e motivação. Sendo a hemiplegia ou hemiparesia a alteração mais manifesta do AVC, traduzindo-se num compromisso no autocuidado das AVD, das quais se destacam a higiene e vestuário, defini como objetivo central a desenvolver no estágio “promover o autocuidado da pessoa com AVC nas atividades de vida diária de higiene e vestuário”. Constituiu-se como fundamental a compreensão das principais dificuldades enfrentadas no internamento pela pessoa com AVC, de entre as quais as que se prendem com a realização das referidas AVD. Esta identificação das principais condicionantes para o autocuidado, permitem ao enfermeiro de reabilitação através de um processo educativo, dinâmico, continuo e progressivo, no qual se destaca a centralidade do utente nas decisões, a adequação dos cuidados ao contexto domiciliário da pessoa, a individualidade dos mesmos, o estudo da inclusão de possíveis produtos de apoio e o envolvimento precoce da família no processo de cuidados visando um planeamento de alta atempado, promover o autocuidado da pessoa. Tendo como principal objetivo da sua recuperação funcional, a reintegração na família, comunidade e sociedade, tendo as suas intervenções especializadas um papel essencial na limitação do impacto da incapacidade da pessoa com AVC.
Costa, João Henrique Cordeiro da. "AVC e diabetes mellitus: o perfil dos doentes e do AVC." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/903.
Full textINTRODUCTION: 171 millions around the world are affected by Diabetes mellitus, with an expectance of 330M in 2030. Diabetes mellitus causes many complications, but macro and microvascular diseases are growing in interest and study. Stroke is one of the main causes of death around the world. This data confirms the crucial importance of the investigation of these pathologies, as well as of their relationship. Nevertheless, few studies evaluate this association. GOAL: The goal of this study is to characterize the risk profile for stroke in diabetic patients who had suffered stroke and their stroke profile. METHODS: This study is a retrospective one. The sample was integrated by patients admitted to stroke unity of Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira with diagnosis of stroke in 2008. Data was obtained from the stroke unity database and from the patients’ files. Statistic analysis of data was made. Several cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed, as well as the stroke profile. The sample was divided by the type of stroke (ischemic/hemorrhagic) and by the presence/absence of Diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: There were diabetic patients only in the ischemic stroke group. All hemorrhagic strokes belonged to non-diabetic subjects. The diabetic group revealed a dyslipidemia tendency, chronic hyperglycemia, arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease. The most frequent mechanism was the undetermined cause (42,55%) followed by the small (21,28%) and the large (19,15%) arteries diseases mechanisms. Non-diabetic group revealed dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation. The most frequent mechanism was cardioembolism (41,67%). The non-diabetic hemorrhagic group showed higher frequency of arterial hypertension and alcohol consumption, with no other relevant risk factors. CONCLUSION: The diabetic group suffered only ischemic strokes. The most important mechanisms were undetermined cause and both large and small artery disease. The non-diabetic ischemic group presented a different main stroke mechanism: cardioembolic. The non-diabetic hemorrhagic group presented arterial hypertension as the main risk factor.
Silva, Emanuel de Jesus Alves da. "Reabilitação após o AVC." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/52151.
Full textSilva, Emanuel de Jesus Alves da. "Reabilitação após o AVC." Dissertação, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/52151.
Full textHasnaoui, Marwen. "MPEG-4 AVC stream watermarking." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01048697.
Full textHasnaoui, Marwen. "MPEG-4 AVC stream watermarking." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0009.
Full textThe present thesis addresses the MPEG-4 AVC stream watermarking and considers two theoretical and applicative challenges, namely ownership protection and content integrity verification.From the theoretical point of view, the thesis main challenge is to develop a unitary watermarking framework (insertion/detection) able to serve the two above mentioned applications in the compressed domain. From the methodological point of view, the challenge is to instantiate this theoretical framework for serving the targeted applications. The thesis first main contribution consists in building the theoretical framework for the multi symbol watermarking based on quantization index modulation (m-QIM). The insertion rule is analytically designed by extending the binary QIM rule. The detection rule is optimized so as to ensure minimal probability of error under additive white Gaussian noise distributed attacks. It is thus demonstrated that the data payload can be increased by a factor of log2m, for prescribed transparency and additive Gaussian noise power. A data payload of 150 bits per minute, i.e. about 20 times larger than the limit imposed by the DCI standard, is obtained. The thesis second main theoretical contribution consists in specifying a preprocessing MPEG-4 AVC shaping operation which can eliminate the intra-frame drift effect. The drift represents the distortion spread in the compressed stream related to the MPEG encoding paradigm. In this respect, the drift distortion propagation problem in MPEG-4 AVC is algebraically expressed and the corresponding equations system is solved under drift-free constraints. The drift-free shaping results in gain in transparency of 2 dB in PSNR
Charbonneau, Cristel. "L’évolution du sommeil et de la cognition à la suite d’un accident vasculaire cérébral chez les personnes âgées." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10551.
Full textDella, Vecchia Claire. "Participation sociale et représentations de l’Accident Vasculaire Cérébral (AVC) chez des patients suite à un AVC." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1011.
Full textStroke is a frequent and serious disease, constituting the first cause of acquired disability in adults. The impact of stroke on patients’ daily lives is multiple due to the polymorphic nature of post-stroke sequelae, this can have dramatic consequences on people’s lives. Patients often find themselves alone and powerlessness when they return home and have to readapt to daily life by adjusting to their new condition. Faced with stroke and its consequences, patients will develop representations of stroke that influence their self-management behaviours and the adoption of health behaviours favorable to health. The objective of the thesis was to identify, through a systematic literature review and a quantitative study, contextual factors associated with social participation of stroke patients. Contextual factors are both patient-related (socio-behavioural, psychosocial, socio-demographic characteristics) and related to people's living environment. Additionally, we used a qualitative approach to better understand the experience of stroke and in particular to understand individual representations of stroke. The literature review showed the importance of socio-behavioural and psychosocial factors (self-esteem, motivation, acceptance) and also the influence of environmental factors (social support, attitudes of others towards the patient, physical environment, access to care and services) on social participation of stroke patients. The quantitative study (TYBRA-quanti) further showed that gender, coping strategies and patient reported life environment satisfaction were independent determinants of the stroke patient's social participation. In an embedded design, the qualitative study (TYBRA-quali) provided additional information about the experience of stroke, including individual representations developed by patients without major disabilities (mRs ≤ 2). All reported problems in constructing an identity around stroke in both the acute and chronic phases. They had difficulty recognizing that lifestyle risk factors (tobacco, alcohol and diet) could play a role in the occurrence of stroke. Lack of information or information provided at an inappropriate time by health professionals resulted in poor knowledge about medications, and in poor perceived control over the risk of stroke recurrence causing anxiety and fear. Patients who considered stroke as a chronic disease reported more difficulty managing the consequences on daily life. Satisfaction with support from family and health professionals was a major facilitator of the recovery process and of the adoption of health-behaviors favorable to health. The objective of this research work was to better understand the impact of stroke on patients' daily lives and how people cope with it. Based on 3 distinct research methodologies, this thesis led to the production of knowledge on the rehabilitation process of people after stroke. This thesis paves the way for future research and clinical approaches to improving patient support during the rehabilitation phase. In addition to the management of patients' functional and cognitive deficits, providing support focused on psychosocial, socio-behavioural and ecological processes inherent to patients would allow the rehabilitation process to be optimized (in particular by improving social participation and self-management skills)
Cabral, Norberto Luiz. "Unidade de AVC : ensaio clínico randomizado." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/48816.
Full textOrientadora:Rosana Hermínia Scola
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências da Saúde. Curso de Pós-graduação em Medicina Interna
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Resumo: A incidência de AVC de 156 casos / 100.000 habitantes, no ano de 1997 em Joinville, representa o dobro das incidências de vários países ocidentais. Uma estratégia alternativa para minimizar esses índices é a otimização da assistência clínica em unidades especializadas para acidentes cerebrovasculares (U-AVC). A primeira U-AVC brasileira, estruturada em Joinville em 1997, atende 200 pacientes ao ano. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o tratamento agudo em uma U-AVC reduz a morbi-mortalidade quando comparado a uma enfermaria geral convencional. No período de 1o de agosto à 31 de dezembro de 2000, os pacientes foram selecionados para um grupo experimental (U-AVC) ou para um grupo controle (enfermaria geral- EG). Foram selecionados 35 pacientes na U-AVC e 39 pacientes na EG. Incluímos no protocolo todos os pacientes internados no Hospital São José, com diagnóstico de AVC, ocorridos em até 7 dias após o início dos sintomas. Através de números randômicos gerados por computador e disponíveis no pronto socorro em envelopes selados e numerados, os pacientes foram alocados entre a U-AVC e uma enfermaria geral (EG). Os grupos foram pareados nos aspectos clínicos e demográficos. Comparou-se o tempo de internação, letalidade e o grau de dependência funcional e clínica medidas pelo índice de Barthel (IB) e pela Escala Escandinava de AVC (SSS) respectivamente, no dia da admissão, no 5o dia, e no 3o e 6o meses após o ictus. A letalidade dentro dos primeiros 10 dias nos pacientes da UAVC foi de 8.5% e 12.8% na EG (p=.41), em 30 dias foi de 14.2% na U-AVC e 28.3% na EG ( p=.24), em 3 meses 17.4% na U-AVC e 28.7% na EG.( p=.39 ) e no 6o mês, 25.7% na U-AVC e 30.7% na EG ( p=.41) . A curva de sobrevida em 30 dias evidenciou uma tendência de menor letalidade na U-AVC (logrank de 1.8 ; p-.17). Em 6 meses, o número de pacientes necessários para evitar um óbito (NNT) na UAVC foi de 20 e o NNT para se conseguir um paciente a mais independente em casa foi de 15. Não houve diferença significativa no tempo de internação e de morbidade nas escalas SSS e IB durante o seguimento. Nosso estudo mostra que não houve benefício significativo entre os pacientes tratados na U-AVC em relação a EG. Os resultados confirmam a necessidade de novos estudos com maiores amostragens. Apesar da literatura já ter definido a eficácia deste modelo de assistência clínica para pacientes com AVC, são necessários estudos nacionais cooperativos para definir o real papel das U-AVC no Brasil.t
Abstract: The incidence of stroke in Joinville is very high when compared to most ocidental countries with an estimated incidence of 156 cases/100 000 habitants. Stroke units (SU) have been regarded since 1980 as an alternative to improve medical care by aggregating coordinated specialized resources. The first brazilian stroke unit has been functioning in Joinville since 1997 with nearly 200 new inpatients/ year. To assess the impact of a stroke unit on the morbidity and mortality rates when compared to a conventional general ward treatment (GW), a prospective randomized controlled study was undertaken between August and December 2000. Seventy-four consecutive patients admitted to Hospital São José with recent stroke (less than seven days) were randomly allocated at the stroke unit (n=35) or conventional general ward (n=39). Results obtained in both groups were compared regarding the lenght of hospital stay and mortality. Functional and neurological morbidity at subsequent six months period were also assessed by Barthel Index (Bl) and Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS), respectively. Mortality at the first ten days at SU and GW was 8.5% and 12.8% respectively (p=.41), whereas 30-days mortality rates achieved 14.2% and 28.3% (p=.12). Log-rank test for 30-days survival curve was 1.8 (p=.17). Threemonths mortality was 17.4% for SU and 28.7% for GW group (p=.19).The number necessary to treat to prevent one death (NNT) in one month was 7 and 20 in 6 months. No significant difference was found regarding the lenght of stay and morbidity Bl or SSS scales. No significant benefit was found in SU patients compared to GW group. Despite no significant difference were found among results obtained by SU and GW groups, an evident benefit in absolute numbers was observed in lethality, survival curve and NNT in thirty days period after stroke. Further collaborative studies or more samples are required to define the role of SU .
Baía, Patrícia Raquel Pereira. "Doente com AVC: dificuldades da família." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/1851.
Full textO presente trabalho foi realizado no âmbito da unidade curricular de Integração à Vida Profissional, inserida no 2º Semestre do 4º Ano, e constitui um requisito para a conclusão da Licenciatura em Enfermagem na Universidade Fernando Pessoa, sendo o tema de estudo: ”Doente com AVC: Dificuldades da Família”. Tem como objectivo geral do conhecer quais as dificuldades da família do doente com AVC. Sendo o Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) uma patologia cada vez mais comum na actualidade, é importante compreender todos os inconvenientes que esta doença provoca no indivíduo e na sua família. No projecto de investigação, são abordadas as dificuldades da família no domicílio com o doente portador de acidente vascular cerebral. Foi aplicado como instrumento de recolha de dados um questionário, realizado no dia 16/07/2010 a 25 familiares que possuam essas vivências pessoais. Optou-se por um estudo exploratório-descritivo, transversal, inserido numa abordagem quantitativa. Através dos resultados obtidos verifica-se que o cuidador informal mais comum é o marido/esposa. Na sua maioria são dependentes, apresentam défices motores, sendo que as maiores dificuldades do cuidador são ao nível dos cuidados de higiene, compreensão do doente e a falta de condições na habitação.
This work was conducted within the course of integration into employment, inserted in the second semester of 4th year, and is a prerequisite for the completion of the Bachelor of Nursing at the University Fernando Pessoa, being the subject of study: "Patient with CVA : Problems of the Family. " The overall objective is to get to know their family difficulties of patients with stroke. Being Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) a condition increasingly common nowadays, it is important to understand all the inconveniences that this disease causes the individual and his family. In the research project are discussed family difficulties at home with the patient suffering from stroke. Was applied as an instrument of data collection a questionnaire, which was held on 07.16.2010 to 25 families that have these personal experiences. We opted for an exploratory-descriptive, transversal, housed in a quantitative approach. Through the results it appears that the informal caregiver most common is the husband / wife. Most of them are dependent, have motor deficits, with the greatest difficulties of the caregiver is at the level of hygiene, understanding of patient conditions and lack of housing.
Silva, Cláudia Alexandra Martins. "Avaliação do estado funcional dos doentes admitidos num hospital regional com diagnóstico de AVC isquémico." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/1638.
Full textThe stroke is the main cause of mortality and disability in Portugal, being the disability poor valorized mainly in the oldest people. Thus, the first chapter of this work is about the stroke and the aim of this study is to determinate if there are diferences in functional disability after the ischemic stroke by age and sex. For this end, different clinical patients profiles from a regional hospital (533 patients) were analyzed in order to perform a statistic analysis of the three scales: NIH scale stroke, Barthel índex and Rakin scale. Significant results demonstrate that after ischemic stroke the male gender in contrast with female gender, has less dificulties to perform the ADL (Activitie Daily Life), and therefore, this gender has less necessity of help from another people to survive of simple daily routin. This could be consequence of the fact that in women the stroke in generally occurs in older ages than in men. Another cause is the lack of estrogenic levels during and after menopause. In addition, there is not significant results in term of functional disability by age, however the results demonstrate that the oldest people (≥75 years) have a litle tendency to have more functional disability, probably due to the decrease of capabilitie to superate the damages caused by the stroke. In summary, in last of this capter it is possible to conclude that oldest females are the most affect by ischemic stroke in terms of functional cabilities. In the second and third chapters, it was described how the Communitarian Pharmacy and hospital pharmacy worlds work. It was possible to verify that even more people (patients, physians and nurses) came to the pharmaceutical to ask some advices about health problems, drugs, and medical devices.
Attal, Yohan. "Analyse des lésions cérébrales ischémiques en phase aiguë, par imagerie par résonance magnétique de diffusion : méthodes, intégration logicielle et évaluations cliniques." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112278.
Full textWe first developed new automatic image segmentation techniques of the ischemic lesion from diffusion-weighted MRI image (DWI) data acquired at the acute phase. We propose two approaches that both combine DWI data and apparent diffusion coefficient maps (ADC). The first of these segmentation methods isolates the ischemic lesions using a model designed with voxel-intensity criteria and an implementation running the EM algorithm. Indeed, irreversible lesions are revealed by both signaIs of hyper-intensity in DWI images and a relative diminution of the ADC. The second approach complements the imaging data with a probabilistic atlas of the expected lesion territory following an occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. We then worked on the prediction of potential infarct growth and the determination of the so-called ischemic penumbra region. The reference method that was used, called "NeurInfarct", is based on the detection of a regional mismatch between ADC and DWI measures 1 have brought a significant contribution to the technology translation during my thesis: I have developed a software application, « NeurInfarct 1. 0. 0 », complying with the clinical quality standards from European (CE) and American (FDA) regulations. Through this software, several mono and multi centric clinical studies were initiated to evaluate the performances of the approach on larger databases I have contributed and actively collaborated to these studies. This manuscript details the results from two of these studies. Similarly to the segmentation of acute lesions, the methods used for the estimation of the ischemic penumbra from ADC maps benefited from the addition of a priori information extracted from the probabilistic atlas of ischemic lesions
CARDOSO, V. F. "ANÁLISE DE UM SISTEMA DE REABILITAÇÃO PARA MEMBROS SUPERIORES UTILIZANDO AMBIENTE DE REALIDADE VIRTUAL BASEADO EM KINECT E sEMG." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4510.
Full textA função motora prejudicada aparece como um dos sintomas mais comuns após o Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC). Quando os membros superiores são afetados, a realização de atividades da vida diária fica comprometida. Um desenvolvimento recente no campo da reabilitação são exercícios em ambiente de realidade virtual (RV). Outro método utilizado para a reabilitação dos membros superiores de pacientes pós-AVC é o biofeedback EMG. Através deste biofeedback, os sinais mioelétricos são convertidos em informações visuais e sonoras permitindo ao paciente controlar a atividade muscular. O objetivo deste trabalho é conceber e avaliar uma nova forma de reabilitação por biofeedback usando RV e eletromiografia de superfície (sEMG) para complementar terapia convencional dos membros superiores pacientes pós-AVC. O sistema foi desenvolvido em base nos requisitos levantados na fase de concepção e projeto considerando as limitações funcionais do paciente, habilidades residuais, um ambiente motivador e facilidade de uso. Ele é capaz de fornecer feedback de sEMG, o resultado (através da pontuação no jogo) e o ângulo descrito. Os três jogos desenvolvidos, baseados nos princípios da aprendizagem motora, têm o objetivo de motivar o paciente para realizar movimentos de extensão do cotovelo. Para desenvolver e avaliar o sistema foram realizados experimentos com indivíduos sem comprometimento motor ou neurológico. Analisando o gráfico obtido pelo sinal mioelétrico filtrado e retificado é possível observar uma co-contracção de Bícpes braquial (BB) e Tríceps braquial (TB). Quando analisamos os resultados de feedback, os dados mostram que não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p = 0,9216) quando se joga com o braço dominante (BD) versus não-dominante (BND). No entanto, uma diferença significativa (p = 0,0003) é observada quando se compara os dois braços (BD / BND) vs BD e BND BD vs BND ( p = 0,0018). Os resultados das avaliações por meio da System Usability Scale (SUS), na etapa 2 (E2) foi ± 81,4; SD ± 3,4 e na etapa 3 para os participantes (E3 / P) ± 82,5; SD ± 14,3 e profissionais de reabilitação (E3 / PR) ± 81,1; DP ± 7,4). Na Goal Attainment Scale (GAS), E2 foi ± 73,3; SD ± 2,7; E3 / P ± 72,2; SD ± 6.1 e E3 / PR ± 73,5; SD ± 2.7. Os resultados mostram uma boa aceitação do sistema por parte dos participantes e que os objetivos esperados durante o uso do sistema foram alcançados.
Baptista, Simone Cristina Paixão Dias [UNESP]. "Qualidade da atenção ao usuário acometido por AVC, antes e após a implantação de uma Unidade de AVC." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123931.
Full textIntrodução: As doenças crônicas estão no centro das atenções devido ao envelhecimento da população. Entre essas doenças está o Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) que é considerado uma doença de grande impacto social e é a primeira causa de morte no país. Objetivos: Avaliar o resultado da assistência prestada em relação aos pacientes portadores de AVC, antes e após a implantação da Unidade de AVC através de indicadores. Método: Estudo epidemiológico de avaliação de serviços, quantitativo, exploratório, descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo. O campo do estudo foi o Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu, estado de São Paulo, no qual foi criada em 2011, uma Unidade de AVC no Pronto Socorro, sendo referência na região de saúde de Bauru. Resultados: Foram analisados 245 prontuários no período em dois períodos, 6 meses antes (29 de janeiro de 2011 a 28 de julho de 2011 - 63 pacientes) e seis meses após a implantação da Unidade.(29 de julho de 2011 a 28 de janeiro de 2012 - 182 pacientes) Não houve diferença estatística no perfil de pacientes nos dois momentos do estudo ( idade, dias de internação, gravidade na admissão). Predominou o sexo masculino, baixa escolaridade e união estável; 49,39% dos pacientes são procedentes de Botucatu; 29,49% vieram pela Central Reguladora de Vagas. Houve predomínio do tempo do ICTUS no período da manhã com 39,15%. Quanto aos sinais e sintomas 59,84% apresentaram alteração da força. O AVC isquêmico esteve presente em 87,3% dos casos. Como fator de risco mais prevalente aparece Hipertensão Arterial com 75,92%. O tempo médio de internação foi de 5 a 9 dias. O tratamento conservador foi representou 74,49%. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 20,69% antes da implantação e 12,73% com a Unidade especializada. Conclusão: Os indicadores demonstram redução da taxa de mortalidade e do grau de incapacidade dos pacientes na Unidade de AVC após da implantação da Unidade ...
Introduction: Chronic diseases are in the center of attention among the aging population. Among these diseases is the Stroke (CVA), which is considered a disease of great social impact and is the leading cause of death in the country. Objectives: The objective is to evaluate the assistance provided to patients with CVA before and after being placed in the CVA Unit, through indicators. Methods: This is an epidemiological study of service evaluation that is quantitative, explorative, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective. This study was done at the University Hospital of Botucatu in the state of São Paulo where a CVA Unit was created in the ER in 2011 to serve the region of Bauru. Results: 245 records were analyzed during two periods: six months before (January 29, 2011 to July 28, 2011-63 patients) and six months after the use of the Unit (July 29, 2011 to January 28, 2012 - 182 patients). There was no statistical difference between the profile of patients in the two study time points (age, length of stay, severity at admission). Male patients, patients of low education and patients with stable marriages dominated the population studied. 49.39% of patients came from Botucatu while 29.49% came from Central Regulatory vacancy. The ICTUS time predominated in the morning with 39.15%. 59.84% showed changes in strength in relation to the signs and symptoms. Ischemic CVA was present in 87.3% of cases. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor with 75.92%. The mean hospital stay was 5-9 days. Conservative treatment represented 74.49%. The mortality rate was 20.69% before using the Unit and 12.73% after using the Unit. Conclusion: The indicators show a reduction in the mortality rate and degree of disability of patients in the CVA Unit after implementation of the specialized Unit, indicating that the specialized Unit has added benefits to patients
Silva, Miguel Ângelo da Costa e. "O AVC e o género: perfil do doente com AVC e eventuais diferenças e semelhanças entre os sexos." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/1150.
Full textIntroduction: Stroke is a serious public health problem in Portugal and the entire world. Men and women share the same traditional risk factors for stroke. However, most studies found a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation, hypertension and obesity in women, while men prevail in heart disease, smoking and alcohol consumption. The objectives of this study were to study the differences between the two genders both in the prevalence of the risk factors for stroke and the prevalence of the different types of stroke. Secondarily, make a profile of the patient admitted to CHCB. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients admitted to the CHCB’s Stroke-Unit with the diagnosis of stroke. The study took place during the period from January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2010. To collect data (smoking, alcoholism, hypertension, DM, dyslipidémia, CRP, fibrinogen and D-dimmers measured on admission, the score of NIHSS on admission and also, the scores of Barthel Index and Rankin Scale on discharge), we proceeded to query clinical processes. Results: We studied 312 patients of which 51.6% were male and 48.4% female. Regarding the type of stroke, 89.7% of patients were diagnosed with ischemic type and 10.3% with the hemorrhagic type. In this study we found statistically significant relationships between the variable sex with the variables age, alcohol, smoking and HbA1c at admission, all of which just for the group of patients with ischemic stroke type. However, for the group of patients with hemorrhagic stroke type were not found statistically significant relationships between the variable sex and other variables. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the patients admitted to CHCB’s StrokeUnit have more frequently ischemic stroke, are more frequently male, with a median age of 75 (66-82) years and have two or more of the following risk factors: hypertension, DM, dyslipidémia, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, smoking, alcoholism, obesity, dilated left atrium and LVSD. Most of these patients have no history of stroke or myocardial infarction and have no changes in transcranian eco-doppler or stenosis ≥ 50 % carotid eco-doppler.
Baptista, Simone Cristina Paixão Dias. "Qualidade da atenção ao usuário acometido por AVC, antes e após a implantação de uma Unidade de AVC /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123931.
Full textCoorientador: Sandra Regina Leite Rosa Olbrich
Banca: Rodrigo Bazan
Banca: Andrea Bernardes
Resumo: Introdução: As doenças crônicas estão no centro das atenções devido ao envelhecimento da população. Entre essas doenças está o Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) que é considerado uma doença de grande impacto social e é a primeira causa de morte no país. Objetivos: Avaliar o resultado da assistência prestada em relação aos pacientes portadores de AVC, antes e após a implantação da Unidade de AVC através de indicadores. Método: Estudo epidemiológico de avaliação de serviços, quantitativo, exploratório, descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo. O campo do estudo foi o Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu, estado de São Paulo, no qual foi criada em 2011, uma Unidade de AVC no Pronto Socorro, sendo referência na região de saúde de Bauru. Resultados: Foram analisados 245 prontuários no período em dois períodos, 6 meses antes (29 de janeiro de 2011 a 28 de julho de 2011 - 63 pacientes) e seis meses após a implantação da Unidade.(29 de julho de 2011 a 28 de janeiro de 2012 - 182 pacientes) Não houve diferença estatística no perfil de pacientes nos dois momentos do estudo ( idade, dias de internação, gravidade na admissão). Predominou o sexo masculino, baixa escolaridade e união estável; 49,39% dos pacientes são procedentes de Botucatu; 29,49% vieram pela Central Reguladora de Vagas. Houve predomínio do tempo do ICTUS no período da manhã com 39,15%. Quanto aos sinais e sintomas 59,84% apresentaram alteração da força. O AVC isquêmico esteve presente em 87,3% dos casos. Como fator de risco mais prevalente aparece Hipertensão Arterial com 75,92%. O tempo médio de internação foi de 5 a 9 dias. O tratamento conservador foi representou 74,49%. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 20,69% antes da implantação e 12,73% com a Unidade especializada. Conclusão: Os indicadores demonstram redução da taxa de mortalidade e do grau de incapacidade dos pacientes na Unidade de AVC após da implantação da Unidade ...
Abstract: Introduction: Chronic diseases are in the center of attention among the aging population. Among these diseases is the Stroke (CVA), which is considered a disease of great social impact and is the leading cause of death in the country. Objectives: The objective is to evaluate the assistance provided to patients with CVA before and after being placed in the CVA Unit, through indicators. Methods: This is an epidemiological study of service evaluation that is quantitative, explorative, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective. This study was done at the University Hospital of Botucatu in the state of São Paulo where a CVA Unit was created in the ER in 2011 to serve the region of Bauru. Results: 245 records were analyzed during two periods: six months before (January 29, 2011 to July 28, 2011-63 patients) and six months after the use of the Unit (July 29, 2011 to January 28, 2012 - 182 patients). There was no statistical difference between the profile of patients in the two study time points (age, length of stay, severity at admission). Male patients, patients of low education and patients with stable marriages dominated the population studied. 49.39% of patients came from Botucatu while 29.49% came from Central Regulatory vacancy. The ICTUS time predominated in the morning with 39.15%. 59.84% showed changes in strength in relation to the signs and symptoms. Ischemic CVA was present in 87.3% of cases. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor with 75.92%. The mean hospital stay was 5-9 days. Conservative treatment represented 74.49%. The mortality rate was 20.69% before using the Unit and 12.73% after using the Unit. Conclusion: The indicators show a reduction in the mortality rate and degree of disability of patients in the CVA Unit after implementation of the specialized Unit, indicating that the specialized Unit has added benefits to patients
Mestre
Shahid, Muhammad Zafar Javed. "Protection of Scalable Video by Encryption and Watermarking." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20074.
Full textField of image and video processing has got lot of attention during the last two decades. This field now covers a vast spectrum of applications like 3D TV, tele-surveillance, computer vision, medical imaging, compression, transmission and much more. Of particular interest is the revolution being witnessed by the first decade of twenty-first century. Network bandwidths, memory capacities and computing efficiencies have got revolutionized during this period. One client may have a 100~mbps connection whereas the other may be using a 56~kbps dial up modem. Simultaneously, one client may have a powerful workstation while others may have just a smart-phone. In between these extremes, there may be thousands of clients with varying capabilities and needs. Moreover, the preferences of a client may adapt to his capacity, e.g. a client handicapped by bandwidth may be more interested in real-time visualization without interruption than in high resolution. To cope with it, scalable architectures of video codecs have been introduced to 'compress once, decompress many ways' paradigm. Since DCT lacks the multi-resolution functionality, a scalable video architecture is designed to cope with challenges of heterogeneous nature of bandwidth and processing power. With the inundation of digital content, which can be easily copied and modified, the need for protection of video content has got attention. Video protection can be materialized with help of three technologies: watermarking for meta data and copyright insertion, encryption to restrict access to authorized persons, and active fingerprinting for traitor tracing. The main idea in our work is to make the protection technology transparent to the user. This would thus result in a modified video codec which will be capable of encoding and playing a protected bitstream. Since scalable multimedia content has already started coming to the market, algorithms for independent protection of enhancement layers are also proposed
Rodrigues, Carlos Miguel Nunes. "Prevenção da espasticidade na pessoa com AVC." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/16237.
Full textO AVC constitui uma importante causa de morbilidade e mortalidade a nível mundial, e em Portugal constitui a principal causa de dependência e de incapacidade, principalmente nas pessoas mais idosas. As suas consequências podem ser de grande impacto, motivando uma procura grande de recursos de diagnóstico, tratamento e recuperação, tratando-se de um importante problema de saúde. A pessoa que tem um acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) poderá apresentar vários problemas associados à lesão neurológica. Dependendo da etiologia, localização e gravidade inicial do AVC, podem surgir perda de força e de sensibilidade, distúrbios de linguagem, perda do equilíbrio da ou coordenação, distúrbios visuais, bem como a incontinência intestinal e vesical. Neste relatório, centro-me particularmente nas disfunções motoras, nomeadamente naquelas que envolvem alteração do tónus muscular devido à ocorrência de um AVC. As alterações de tónus muscular condicionam o processo de reabilitação de um doente com AVC, pois a um período de flacidez inicial pode seguir-se um período de espasticidade. O início da espasticidade é variável e pode ocorrer a curto, médio ou longo prazo. O enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem de reabilitação (EEER) tem uma função importante na gestão da espasticidade e, por isso, o conhecimento de intervenções específicas que previnam a espasticidade e que promovam o autocuidado é fundamental. Estes profissionais devem estar capacitados para avaliar as necessidades de autocuidado de um doente com AVC, sejam elas reais ou potenciais. Para isso é central a análise rigorosa quer dos fatores condicionantes básicos, quer dos requisitos de autocuidado. Só assim o EEER consegue atender à individualidade de cada ser humano e dos seus conviventes significativos, procurando dar resposta a todas as necessidades físicas, psicológicas e psicossociais.
Ferreira, Edmundo Miguel Andrade. "Alterações ecocardiográficas nos pacientes com AVC agudo." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/768.
Full textIntroduction: Stroke is now considered the leading cause of death in Portugal and the second cause of death worldwide. In the diagnostic phase it is important the realization of echocardiography: transthoracic or transesophageal. The purpose of conducting an echocardiography is to allow the finding of cardioembolic sources, with the potential to detect cardiovascular abnormalities and identify embolic cardiac clinical situations that may be targets for therapeutic intervention for better organization of aftercare. Goal: To analyze echocardiographic changes found in patients with acute stroke and to relate echocardiographic changes with the types of ischemic stroke (including its subtypes) and hemorrhagic stroke in patients admitted to the Hospital Cova da Beira, E.P.E.. Methods: In this retrospective clinical study were analyzed reports of echocardiograms of patients admitted between January 2007 and December 2008, at the Stroke Unit with a confirmed diagnosis of stroke. These patients were classified according to the TOAST criteria. We analyzed the following echocardiographic alterations: cardiac cavities dilatation, left ventricular hypertrophy, regurgitation (aortic, mitral, tricuspid and pulmonary), aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, diastolic dysfunction, ejection fraction and echocardiographic changes. Results: During the period of the study were interned in the UAVC of CHCB, EPE 587 patients diagnosed with stroke (hemorrhagic stroke 13.8% and 86.7% ischemic stroke). Of these, 372 patients met the necessary conditions to be included in the study, 91.4% patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke and 8.6% of patients diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke. With regard to ischemic stroke, this was classified into subtypes according to TOAST criteria. Thus, we verified the existence of 105 patients with cardioembolic stroke (31%), 35 patients with atherothrombotic stroke (10%), 45 patients with lacunar stroke (13%) and 155 patients with stroke of undetermined cause (46%). The vast majority (97.3%) of stroke patients’ registry change in echocardiographic parameters, approximately two thirds of these have three or more changes. Changing the parameter is the most frequent echocardiographic valvulopathy (78.50%), most type valve regurgitation. Although cardioembolic stroke have a higher percentage of changes in echocardiographic parameters, the prevalence is also high in other subtypes of ischemic stroke (atherothrombotic and lacunar). The prevalence of mitral stenosis is 3.8% in cardioembolic stroke. Conclusion: The vast majority of stroke patients present multiple echocardiographic changes. Although the type of cardioembolic stroke reveals a larger number of changes, all other types of stroke are also associated with significant echocardiographic changes.
Kačerauskas, Karolis. "Piktnaudžiavimo dominuojančia padėtimi, pasireiškiančio nesąžiningų kainų nustatymu esmė ir ypatumai: grobuoniškos kainodaros problema." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070102_135648-96512.
Full textLima, Fabrício Diniz de [UNESP]. "Avaliação da sarcopenia e déficits motores no lado ipsilateral em pacientes com infartos cerebrais unilaterais: implicações prognósticas na reabilitação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151700.
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Introdução: O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é uma grave condição neurológica, que acomete pessoas do mundo inteiro, com elevada morbimortalidade e incapacidade funcional, tendo como principal manifestação o déficit motor, tornando a reabilitação imperativa. No entanto, alguns fatores comuns podem dificultar o sucesso da reabilitação, como a sarcopenia, que pode provocar prejuízo trófico e metabólico no hemicorpo denominado não afetado, correlacionando-se ao comprometimento funcional. Este trabalho busca avaliar alterações tróficas, metabólicas e funcionais no lado ipsilateral, em pacientes com AVC isquêmico, a fim de averiguar a correlação entre a sarcopenia e déficit funcional. Pacientes e métodos: Foram avaliados parâmetros antropométricos e morfológicos, realizados estudos de bioimpedância e executada a dinamometria em 21 pacientes com AVC isquêmico de circulação anterior em 2 momentos distintos: fases aguda (até 48 h após o ictus) e crônica (90 dias após o ictus). Resultados: 21 pacientes foram incluídos (57% do sexo masculino; média de idade de 67,09 anos, variando de 26 a 84 anos). Todos receberam avaliação contínua da equipe multiprofissional durante o estudo. Não houve redução estatisticamente significativa da massa muscular, quantidade de proteína, água, minerais, gordura e metabolismo basal e nem melhora da força muscular ipsilateral dos pacientes após 90 dias do ictus (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Não houve redução trófico-metabólica e nem piora funcional estatisticamente significativas no lado corporal ipsilateral ao infarto dos pacientes avaliados. A assistência precoce e contínua da equipe multiprofissional durante os primeiros 90 dias após o ictus conferiu aos pacientes um prognóstico de melhora funcional contralateral significativa, ao avaliar-se mRS, NIHSS, MRC e dinamometria.
Background: The stroke is a severe neurological condition, which affect worldwide people, causing high morbimortality and disability, whose main manifestation is weakness, making rehabilitation crucial. Although common factors may difficulty the successfully rehabilitation, such as sarcopenia, that causes trophic and metabolic impairment in the healthy body side, correlating to the functional damage. This study aims to evaluate trophic, metabolic and functional changes in the impaired body side in patients with ischemic stroke in order to find a correlation between sarcopenia and functional impairment. Patients and methods: We evaluated anthropometric and morphological parameters, performing bioimpedance and dynamometer studies in 21 patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke in 2 distinct moments: the acute (ultil 48 h after ictus) and chronic phases (90 days after ictus). Results: 21 patients were included (57% men; mean age, 67,09 years; age range, 26 to 84 years). All patients were assisted continually during the study. They did not present ipsilateral muscle mass, protein, water, minerals and fat quantity decrement statistically significant neither enhanced strength 90 days post-stroke (p < 0,05). Conclusion: Patients evalueted did not present reduction statistically significant trophic and metabolic neither functional worse in the ipsilateral body side after unilateral stroke. The early and continuous assistance provided by rehabilitation team during the first 90 days post-ictus improved the functional prognostic in the contralateral side, according to mRS, NIHSS, MRC and dynamometry.
Kannangara, Chaminda Sampath. "Complexity management of H.264/AVC video compression." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/643.
Full textCastro, Carla Isabel da Silva. "Perceção de qualidade de vida no pós AVC." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3516.
Full textO AVC, é a primeira causa de mortalidade, tem uma elevada incidência em Portugal, tendo como taxa de mortalidade aproximadamente 20 000 casos por ano, ou seja 2 casos por cada 1000 habitantes. Com a alteração dos estilos de vida, o número de doenças como o AVC tem vindo a aumentar, devido ao sedentarismo, alimentação inadequada, falta de exercício físico e fatores hereditários. É uma doença de início súbito que é reconhecida pelas alterações físicas, cognitivas e emocionais que geralmente o indivíduo apresenta, acarretando implicações a vários níveis e alterando estilos de vida. O AVC afeta não só o indivíduo mas toda a família, esta passa a ter uma função de 24 horas no que se refere a cuidar do mesmo, trazendo repercussões no dia a dia familiar. Torna-se portanto pertinente, tentar saber um pouco mais sobre o dia a dia destes indivíduos vítimas de AVC, essencialmente qual a sua opinião no que se refere a autonomia e qualidade de vida. Este trabalho consiste na elaboração de um estudo de caso abordando esta temática tão pertinente: “Perceção de qualidade de vida no pós AVC” Para dar resposta a este estudo recorreu-se a uma abordagem qualitativa do tipo descritivo-fenomenológico, aplicando como instrumento de colheita de dados, um guião de entrevista semi estruturada e um guião relativo a dados sócio demográficos, de forma a recolher o máximo de informação possível relativa a este estudo de caso. O tratamento de dados foi efetuado através a análise de conteúdo e os resultado foram apresentados através de quadros de onde foram retiradas as principais conclusões. De acordo com a análise e interpretação dos resultados finais constatou-se que este indivíduo apesar das limitações físicas que de alguma forma lhe condicionam as atividades diárias, sente-se feliz por apresentar autonomia suficiente para se considerar independente, se no período que se seguiu ao AVC se sentia triste e deprimido, neste momento sente-se uma pessoa realizada e de bem com a vida.
Martins, Ana Isabel Gouveia. "Factores ambientais na funcionalidade de pessoas com AVC." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3754.
Full textO Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é uma condição de saúde que se associa muitas vezes a graves incapacidades quer a nível físico como social e atitudinal. Muitas vezes essas deficiências, limitações da actividade e restrições da participação são provocadas ou potenciadas pelos factores ambientais. Os factores ambientais constituem o ambiente físico, social e atitudinal em que as pessoas vivem e conduzem a sua vida, e como tal são determinantes para a funcionalidade de todos os indivíduos. Uma vez que o AVC é a primeira causa de mortalidade e de incapacidade em Portugal e a principal causa de mortalidade na União Europeia entre os 65 e os 84 anos, então, torna-se fundamental avaliar os factores ambientais em que as pessoas com esta condição de saúde vivem. A Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF), descreve a saúde e os estados relacionados com a saúde de um indivíduo e indica os aspectos positivos e negativos da interacção entre um indivíduo (com determinada condição de saúde) e os factores contextuais (ambientais e pessoais), razão pela qual foi utilizada para avaliar factores ambientais neste trabalho. De modo a direccionar a avaliação para as pessoas com AVC, utilizou-se como base o Core Set reduzido para AVC, que corresponde ao conjunto de categorias da CIF que são significativas para os indivíduos com esta patologia. Este trabalho tem como objectivo propor uma metodologia de avaliação de factores ambientais, segundo os pressupostos da CIF, de condições de saúde pós-AVC. Essa metodologia denomina-se Protocolo – Factores Ambientais e Funcionalidade no AVC e divide-se em duas partes: a primeira teve por base o Core Set reduzido para AVC e a segunda o capítulo um dos Factores Ambientais da CIF - Produtos e Tecnologia. Este trabalho foi mais um passo para a operacionalização da CIF e para a utilização de metodologias que avaliem de acordo com os seus pressupostos. Desenvolveu-se uma metodologia de avaliação com poder discriminativo, validade de critério conteudo e construto, com valores de consistência interna e concordância entre observadores aceitáveis. Ao longo do desenvolvimento do trabalho verificou-se que existe um grande desconhecimento dos produtos e tecnologias existentes e do seu potencial para a reabilitação em situações de AVC. Como recomendações para trabalhos futuros sugere-se a realização de mais investigação na área dos factores ambientais com recurso à utilização da CIF.
The Stroke is an health condition that is often associated with severe physical, social and behavior disabilities. Sometimes, these disabilities and activity restrictions are caused or limited by environmental factors. Environmental factors are the physical, social and attitude factors that influence the patients' lives and, therefore, they are crucial in their lives. Because the stroke is the leading cause of mortality and disability in Portugal, besides being the leading cause of mortality in the European Union for people aged 65 to 84 years, it is essential to assess the environmental factors where people with this health condition live. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), describes the health and health-related states of an individual and indicates the positive and negative aspects of the interaction between the individual (with a health condition) and the contextual factors (environmental and personal). For this reason, it was used to assess environmental factors in this document. In order to manage the assessment for patients who suffered stroke, it was used the Brief Core Set for Stroke, which corresponds to the number of ICF categories that are meaningful to individuals with this condition. This paper aims to develop a methodology for assessing environmental factors, according to the assumptions of ICF, after stroke. This methodology is called Stroke Environmental Factors and Functioning Protocol and is divided into two parts: the first was based on the Brief Core Set for Stroke and the second was based on the first chapter of the ICF Environmental Factors - Products and Technology. This work was another step towards the operationalization of the CIF and the use of methodologies to assess according to their presuppositions. It was developed an evaluating methodology with discriminative power, criterion, content and construct validity, with values of internal consistency and interrater reliability acceptables. Throughout the development of the work it was found that there is widespread ignorance of existing products and technologies and their potential for rehabilitation in cases of stroke. It is recommendated for future work to perform more research on environmental factors, with recourse to the use of ICF.
Dal, Pizzol Fernanda Laís Fengler. "Adaptação e validação da escala de capacidades do cuidador informal de idosos dependentes por AVC (ECCIID-AVC) para uso no Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179384.
Full textStroke is the most prevalent cerebrovascular disease and one of the leading causes of functional disability in aged population. The Portuguese instrument for informal caregivers’ skills providing care of aged people after a stroke (ECPICID-AVC) evaluates the capacities that informal caregivers must have for supporting aged stroke survivors. The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the ECPICID-AVC for using with informal caregivers of older adult stroke survivors in Brazil. It is a methodological study divided in two stages: cross-cultural adaptation and validation. The cross-cultural adaptation was divided in sub-stages: Committee of Experts, Pre-Test and Submission of the document to the authors of the original instrument. Validation involved data collection and evaluation of psychometric properties. The research was carried out at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) and Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC). The reliability characteristics and the validity of the results (content and construct validities) were verified for evaluating psychometric properties. The internal consistency of the instrument items was investigated using the Cronbach's Alpha and the Intraclass Correlation (ICC) The construct validity was evaluated by the exploratory factorial analysis. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committees of HCPA (n° 160580) and GHC (nº 17152). After the considerations of the committee of Experts and the approval of the author of ECPICID-AVC, in the transcultural adaptation stage the pre-test version was evaluated in a sample of 30 caregivers and the terms considered of lesser understanding were adequate. The final version of the instrument was applied to 160 caregivers, 82.5% were women with a mean age of 49.6 ± 13.1 years. The factorial analysis suggested exclusion of three items and grouping of the others in six domains, explaining 70.52% of the total variance. Factorial loads ranging from 0.525 to 0.924 were found. Intra-rater internal consistency was satisfactory, with ICC = 0.94 (95% CI). Total reliability was considered excellent (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.914). The instrument is considered adapted and valided for using in the Brazilian context for application in clinical practice and research.
El Accidente Cerebrovascular (ACV) es la enfermedad cerebrovascular más prevalente en la población anciana y una de las principales causas de incapacidad funcional. La Escala de Capacidades del Proveedor Informal de Atención a los Ancianos Dependientes por ACV (ECPICID-AVC), desarrollada en Portugal, evalúa las 32 habilidades que los cuidadores informales deben tener para apoyar los ancianos sobrevivientes de accidentes cerebrovasculares. Así, este estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar y validar del instrumento ECPICID-AVC para utilización con cuidadores informales de personas ancianas sobrevivientes de ACV en Brasil. Se trata de un estudio metodológico dividido en dos etapas: adaptación transcultural y validación. La adaptación transcultural contó con las subtepas: Comité de expertos, Pre-Prueba y Sumisión del documento a los autores del instrumento original. La validación incluyó la recolección de datos y la evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas. La investigación se llevó a cabo en el Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) y en el Grupo Hospitalario Conceição (GHC). Para evaluar las propiedades psicométricas, se verificaron las características de fiabilidad y la validez de los resultados (valideces de contenido y constructo) La consistencia interna de los elementos que componen del instrumento se verificó por medio del alfa de Cronbach y de la Correlación Intraclasse (ICC, su acrónimo en inglés). La validez de constructo se evaluó por el análisis factorial exploratorio. El proyecto fue aprobado por los Comités de Ética en Investigación del HCPA (nº 160580) y del GHC (nº 17152). En la etapa de adaptación transcultural, después de las consideraciones del comité de expertos y la aprobación del autor del instrumento, la versión pre-prueba fue evaluada en una muestra de 30 cuidadores, y los términos considerados de menor comprensión fueron adecuados. La versión final del instrumento fue aplicada a 160 cuidadores, de los cuales el 82,5% eran mujeres, con edad promedio de 49,6 ± 13,1 años. El análisis factorial ha sugerido la exclusión de tres elementos y la agrupación de los demás en seis dominios, lo que explica el 70,52% de la varianza total. Se hallaron cargas factoriales variando de 0,525 a 0,924. La consistencia interna intra-evaluadores fue satisfactoria, con coeficiente de correlación intraclase de 0,94 (IC 95%). La fiabilidad total fue considerada excelente (alfa de Cronbach = 0,914). El instrumento se considera adaptado y válido para utilización en el contexto brasileño para aplicación en la práctica clínica y en la investigación.
Hyun, Myung Han, Jae Taeg Yu, and Sang Bum Lee. "A Novel Zigzag Scanning Concept for H.264/AVC." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581731.
Full textIn this paper, a novel zigzag scanning concept of quantized coefficients for H.264/AVC is introduced. In order to scan the quantized coefficients efficiently, the statistical occurrence values of the quantized coefficients after the final mode decision are utilized. We develop a zigzag scanning pattern by reordering the statistical occurrence values in descending order. In addition, we consider the temporal and spatial correlation among the frames to classify the zigzag scanning pattern. In particular, we focus on the macroblock level zigzag scanning so that the proposed method will have the different zigzag scanning pattern based on the macroblock. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme reduces the total bits up to 4.05% and 3.67% while introducing either negligible loss of video quality for intra- and inter mode, respectively.
Song, Yang. "Adaptive Motion Estimation Architecture for H.264/AVC Video Codec." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145460.
Full textHenriques, Ana Cardoso Lourenço. "Doença periodontal e AVC: será que a evidência apoia uma associação?" Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5140.
Full textA associação entre as duas doenças tem sido alvo de inúmeros estudos devido à influência de processos inflamatórios na patologia arteriosclerótica. A inflamação de facto, parece ser o ponto de união entre ambas as patologias aparentemente distintas, mas com pontos fulcrais em comum, o que levanta uma questão importante: Se a infecção periodontal é diminuída pela intervenção anti infecciosa, poderá isso resultar numa diminuição de Acidente Vascular Cerebral? O presente trabalho é baseado numa análise de estudos epidemiológicos, cuja avaliação se baseia na possibilidade de associação entre as duas patologias, tendo como principal objectivo estabelecer a doença periodontal como factor de risco para o AVC. Foram pesquisados artigos em Inglês e Português, recorrendo à base de dados PubMed. Os resultados da análise sugerem uma possível associação entre Doença Periodontal e AVC. Não obstante, esta informação surge principalmente de estudos observacionais e, por isso não podem confirmar com precisão a tese de que intervenções terapêuticas periodontais previnem de facto o AVC, embora estas duas patologias partilhem um processo inflamatório em tudo semelhante. Para que haja uma resposta concreta, é necessário a realização de estudos longitudinais bem definidos, como controlar o maior número de factores de confusão, assim como classificações de doença periodontal mais específicas. The association between the two diseases has been the subject of countless studies due to the influence of inflammation in atherosclerotic pathology. Inflammation, seems in fact to be the point of union between the two apparently distinct pathologies , but with focal points in common , which raises an important question: If periodontal infection is decreased by the anti infective intervention, it may result in a decrease of stroke? This work is based on an analysis of epidemiological studies, whose assessment is based on the possibility of association between the two diseases, a main objective to establish periodontal disease as a risk factor for stroke. Were searched articles in English and Portuguese, using the PubMed database. The test results suggest a possible association between PD and stroke. Nevertheless, this information mainly comes from observational studies and therefore may not accurately confirm the thesis that therapeutical periodontal can prevent stroke , although these two diseases share a similar inflammatory process at all . So there is a concrete response, the realization of well-defined longitudinal studies are necessary to control confounding factors, as well as ratings more specific periodontal disease.
Martinelli, Thiago Henrique. "Adaptação de stream de vídeo em veículos aéreos não tripulados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-23042013-083649/.
Full textUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are being increasingly used in several countries, both in the military and civilian areas. In this study we consider an UAV equipped with a camera, capturing video for a real-time transmission to a ground-base using wireless network. The problem is that its not possible to ensure a continuous transmission rate, with stable bandwidth. That occurs due to factors like the speed of the aircraft, irregularities of terrain, or the weather (as storms, heat and fog, for instance, can interfere with RF transmission). Finally, the movements that the UAV can perform in flight (Roll, pitch and yaw) can impair link availability. Thus, it is necessary to perform an adaptation of video according to the available bandwidth. When the link quality is degraded, a reduction in the resolution of the video must be performed , avoiding interruption of the transmission. Additionally, adaptation must also provide that all the available bandwidth is used, avoiding sending the video with lower quality that would be possible for a given value bandwidth. In this work we propose a system which can vary the total amount of data being transmitted, by adjusting the compression parameters of the video. We manage to produce a system which uses the range from 8 Mbps up to zero. We use the H.264/AVC Codec, with scalable video coding
Adams, Tanner Ryan. "Computationally Efficient Basic Unit Rate Control for H.264/AVC." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1386097674.
Full textMouzinho, Engrácia. "Implicações de um Acidente Vascular Cerebral num Indivíduo." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/36394.
Full textDias, Maria de Sousa Dinis. "AVC criptogénico." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/8352.
Full textIntroduction: Stroke is one of the three main causes of death and disability throughout the world. In Portugal, it is the deadliest of cardiovascular diseases. 30-40% of the isquemic stroke causes remain unclear. In those cases, the stroke is classified as “cryptogenic”. Cardioembolism is said to be the most likely etiological mechanism of this stroke subtype. Given the importance of etiological identification in the approach, treatment and secondary prevention of these patients and considering that mortality and recurrence rates of cryptogenic strokes are the same as mortality and recurrence rates of strokes of determined etiology, it is easy to understand the importance of a better assessment of the etiological role of potential minor cardioembolic sources. Objectives: Characterizing the study sample in terms of prevalence of cryptogenic stroke and the correlation of this ischemic stroke subtype with potential minor cardioembolic sources. Material and methods: Cross-sectional observational study of a sample of 662 patients, hospitalized at the stroke unit of Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira after diagnosis of transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke, between January 1st 2008 and December 31st 2010. The study variables were collected through patient records. Descriptive and inferential analyzes were performed using the Pearson, Chi-Square and U-Mann-Whitney correlation tests, with a significance level of 5% (?=0,05). Results: Out of the 662 patients studied, 350 were men (53%) and their mean age was 75 (±12). It was found that hypertension, present in 82% of the patients, was the predominant cardiovascular risk factor. Cryptogenic stroke was the most prevalent (35%) of ischemic stroke subtypes and the sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk profile of these patients was similar to the sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk profile of the total sample. Regarding the echocardiographic findings and comparatively to cardioembolic stroke, cryptogenic stroke showed a statistically significant correlation with: ejection fraction; diastolic dysfunction; dilation of the left atrium; dilation of the left ventricle; mitral valve fibrosis; mitral regurgitation; aortic valve fibrosis; akinesia and calcification of the mitral valve. Of these findings, only diastolic dysfunction showed predominance in the cryptogenic subtype (65%) when compared to the cardioembolic (23%). Conclusion: The subpopulation of cryptogenic stroke patients in our study consists of elderly men with a cardiovascular risk profile characterized by high prevalence of hypertension, previous cardiovascular events and diabetes mellitus, as well as a high percentage of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction present in echocardiography. This abnormality may be an important marker of left atrial dilation and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and it may also be useful to decide which patients with unestablished stroke cause should pursue etiological investigation.
Freitas, Miriam Selma Telo. "Depressão pós-AVC." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/5481.
Full textMood disorders, such as depression, are the most common psychiatric complication observed after stroke. A recent meta-analysis and a systematic review by Luis Ayerbe et al identified a cumulative incidence of depression of 52% in the first five years after stroke.(1) A previous systematic review published in 2005 identified an incidence of 33% with a peak incidence in the first six months.(2) Despite of these figures, many studies demonstrated that depression after stroke is diagnosed in only 10% of cases. Depression has been described as a factor of a significant impact on the cognitive and functional rehabilitation of the patient after stroke. When undiagnosed or untreated, is associated with a reduction of the patient’s participation in their rehabilitation, decreased quality of life and increased mortality, with consequent economic impact on the national health system. This literature review aims to critically analyse the publications and studies on depression after stroke. I will be focusing on the multifactorial context in which the depression develops and identify and analyse the etiological hypotheses studied till the date that seem to demonstrate a bidirectional correlation between vascular events and depression.
Verde, Ricardo Manuel Cardoso. "Neuroproteção no AVC." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/10773.
Full textStroke is defined as developed clinical signs of focal (or global) disturbance of cerebral function, with sudden onset, lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin. Nowadays, stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world and the leading cause of death and disability in Portugal, costing millions every year. Current treatment is limited and consists in the restoration of blood flow to the regions of brain that are ischemic using intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy. However, despite their proven benefits, these two therapies have a lot of limitations and inclusion and exclusion criteria, which results in many patients not being eligible to receive these treatments. The present dissertation’s main objective is to review new stroke neuroprotective treatments and techniques, both in studies in animal models and past clinical trials, as in ongoing or future ones. Neuroprotection is a treatment capable of extending the tolerability of the cerebral tissue to ischemic insult. The neuroprotection therapies have been studied for decades, however, despite their apparent success in animal models, the same results have not been found in clinical trials in humans. It is necessary to optimize the animal models’ studies and experiments, in order to better mimic the characteristics of the patients that suffer a stroke, and possibly, conduct new studies that combine different neuroprotective therapies.
Antão, Patrícia Susana Martins. "Exercício físico após AVC." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/18080.
Full textThe present research reports to the issue of physical exercise after stroke, defining the benefits that provide to the survivors in their rehabilitation, and highlighting their importance as a preventive agent for this pathology. In order to achieve this, the starting question was defined: "What are the benefits of physical exercise in stroke survivors?" aiming to identify and characterize the benefits of physical exercise in stroke survivors. The methodology chosen was the systematic review of the literature, using scientific databases indexed to ISI Web of Knowledge [v5.13.1], B-On online library, Scielo, Redalyc and Lilacs as search engines. Articles published in Portuguese, English and French, published at least ten years ago and with free access, were analysed. Ten articles were selected that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. It was concluded from their analysis that structured, continuous and applied immediately after stroke, clearly contributed to a faster recovery and rehabilitation, with results in the global health of stroke survivors. It is also emphasized that the articles present guidelines for implementing these programs as a rehabilitation and prevention strategy, reducing the personal, family, social and economic costs associated with this pathology and clearly improving the quality of life of the survivors of Stroke.
Figueiredo, Ana Raquel Fontes. "Patologias que mimetizam AVC." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/11312.
Full textStroke is a sudden neurological disorder, associated with ischemia or hemorrhage in the brain. Currently, stroke is the main cause of mortality and disability in Portugal and one of the five largest in developed countries worldwide. The frequency of diagnosis of other conditions (mimics) such as stroke reaches up to 25 to 30% of all stroke diagnoses and is associated with the inappropriate use of stroke facilities and unnecessary expenses and treatments. The effective and rapid diagnosis of strokes is essential to minimize the health risks associated with them and, ultimately, save lives and optimize the management of resources, human and capital. Thus, the present work closes a survey of information about stroke mimics, to inform a practice based on robust and recent evidence that allows more accurate diagnoses and enhances the adequate management of resources. The most common clinical stroke mimics in adults are: seizures, migraine, vertigo, neoplasia, venous thrombosis, PRES, subdural hematoma, infection, metabolic changes and MELAS. It is concluded that the use of standardized scores in clinical practice to discriminate mimics and strokes can be beneficial. In addition, the development of scores and specific clinical decision support tools for certain mimics is also a promising path. Investment in this area should target the most frequent mimics, such as seizures. On the other hand, advanced neuroimaging can also improve diagnostic accuracy, particularly regarding 3D and Magnetic Resonance Imaging developments.
Nunes, Marta Susana Ribeiro. "Via verde AVC: análise processual, subjacente a aproximações lean, a utentes com AVC isquémico." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/10186.
Full textO aumento da despesa em saúde e a necessidade de racionalização de recursos é uma questão que afeta as organizações de saúde. A implementação da metodologia Lean Healthcare através da análise dos percursos do utente, com foco na criação de valor e eliminação do desperdício, tem contribuído para melhorar a qualidade e segurança dos cuidados de saúde, com impacto positivo nos níveis de satisfação de profissionais e utentes. Este estudo resultou da análise processual da Via Verde AVC do Hospital de São José – CHLC, EPE em 2012, com aproximações ao pensamento Lean. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi o Estudo de Caso. A análise do percurso dos 165 utentes com AVC isquémico que em 2012 acionaram a Via Verde AVC através do INEM permitiu identificar as várias etapas do processo, desde o socorro até à chegada ao hospital, diagnóstico, tratamento, internamento e alta. A complexa análise dos tempos e custos do processo, por etapa, utente e abordagem terapêutica possibilitou caracterizar a realidade da Via Verde AVC, alcançando resultados bastante interessantes. O tempo médio de internamento por utente com AVC isquémico em 2012 foi de 4,32 dias e o custo por utente tratado cerca de 6.717,73 €. A identificação das perdas de qualidade do serviço permitiu a elaboração de uma proposta de melhoria, visando alcançar um percurso do utente mais Lean.
The increased spending on health and the need for resources’ rationalization is an issue that affects organizations in this sector. The implementation of Lean Healthcare throw the analysis of patient pathways, focusing on creating value and eliminating waste, has contributed to improve the quality and safety of health care, with a positive impact on satisfaction levels of patients and professionals. This study is about the analysis of patient pathway in Via Verde AVC at Hospital São José – CHLC, EPE in 2012, with approaches to Lean Thinking. The research methodology used was the case study. In this year, 165 persons with ischemic stroke triggered Via Verde AVC through the National Institute of Medical Emergency. The analysis of the patient pathway identified the various steps of the process from the first signals of stroke until arrival at the hospital, diagnosis, treatment, hospitalization and discharge. The complex analysis of time and cost of the process, by step, patient and therapeutic approach enabled the characterization of the reality of this service, achieving interesting results. In 2012, the average hospital stay for a person with ischemic stroke, in Via Verde AVC, was 4,32 days and the total cost per patient was approximately 6,717.73 Euros. Finally, this study allowed the proposition of some improvements in order to achieve a patient pathway more Lean.
Teixeira, Cândida La Salete Lemos. "Ansiedade na pessoa com AVC." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/10749.
Full textO Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é tido uma das principais causas de morte no mundo, em Portugal, apesar da tendência decrescente nos últimos anos do número de mortes (Direção-Geral da Saúde, 2016), mantem-se a par da tendência mundial. Decorrem, desta patologia, várias consequências que podem afetar em definitivo a qualidade de vida futura da pessoa, sendo uma destas o aumento da ansiedade. De forma a determinar a relação existente entre o AVC e a ansiedade foi desenvolvida uma investigação assente numa abordagem quantitativa de carácter descritivo e correlacional apoiado num questionário sociodemográfico e na aplicação da subescala ansiedade da Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Participaram no estudo uma amostra constituída por 52 pessoas acometidas por AVC internadas num hospital. O presente estudo visa avaliar os níveis de ansiedade na pessoa com AVC no internamento, bem como analisar a relação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e as variáveis contextuais do AVC e os níveis de ansiedade na pessoa com AVC. A amostra é constituída por 52 pessoas, com predomínio do género feminino (55,8%), cuja média de idade de 63,63 anos, e 57,7% dos participantes referem ter companheiro. Apresentam níveis de escolaridade baixos com predomínio do 1º ciclo (61,5%), na maioria encontram-se reformados (51,9%). A maioria dos elementos da amostra enquadra-se num nível de ansiedade moderada (50,0%), em que 11,5% revela níveis severos de ansiedade. Verifica-se não existir relação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e os níveis de ansiedade na pessoa com AVC, contudo, as pessoas com mais idade, do género feminino, com companheiro, níveis de escolaridade mais elevados e desempregados apresentaram maiores níveis de ansiedade. Paralelamente não se verifica relação entre as variáveis contextuais do AVC e os níveis de ansiedade na pessoa com AVC. Nas primeiras semanas de internamento, os níveis de ansiedade na pessoa com AVC enquadram-se no grau leve e moderado, pelo que se torna imperativo o desenvolvimento de estratégias por parte do enfermeiro especialista, assegurando a redução dos níveis de ansiedade perante uma situação crítica particular.
Stroke is one of the main causes of death in the world, in Portugal, despite the decreasing trend in the number of deaths in recent years (General Health Directorate, 2016) remains in line with the trend worldwide. There are several consequences of this pathology that can definitely affect the person's future quality of life, one of which is increased anxiety. In order to determine the relationship between stroke and anxiety, an investigation was developed based on a quantitative approach of a descriptive and correlational character supported by a sociodemographic questionnaire and the application of the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A sample of 52 people with stroke admitted to a hospital participated in the study. The present study aims to assess the levels of anxiety in the person with a stroke on admission, as well as to analyze the relationship between the sociodemographic variables and the contextual variables of the stroke and the levels of anxiety in the person with a stroke. The sample consists of 52 people, with a predominance of the female gender (55.8%), whose average age is 63.63 years, and 57.7% of the participants report having a partner. They have low educational levels with a predominance of the 1st cycle (61.5%), most of whom are retired (51.9%). Most elements of the sample fall into a moderate anxiety level (50.0%), with 11.5% showing severe levels of anxiety. There is no relationship between sociodemographic variables and anxiety levels in people with stroke, however, older people, female, with a partner, higher levels of education and unemployed showed higher levels of anxiety. In parallel, there is no relationship between the contextual variables of the stroke and the levels of anxiety in the person with a stroke. In the first weeks of hospitalization, the levels of anxiety in the person with stroke fall into a mild and moderate degree, therefore, it is imperative to develop strategies on the part of the specialist nurse ensuring the reduction of anxiety levels in the face of a particular critical situation.
Meneses, Daniel Ribeiro. "Estimulação Cerebral Profunda no AVC." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/82769.
Full textIntrodução: O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é a principal causa de morte e incapacidade em Portugal. De entre os doentes que sobrevivem ao episódio agudo, mais de 78% nunca chegam a atingir uma funcionalidade normal, apresentando não só défices neurológicos persistentes, apesar das técnicas de reabilitação, mas também alterações psicológicas, emocionais e comportamentais. Essa realidade leva a uma diminuição na qualidade de vida substancial, muitas vezes com uma resposta parca.A grande prevalência da doença, que afecta mais de 4000 pessoas por mês no nosso país, associada à elevada morbi-mortalidade, torna-a objecto de grande interesse público.Atualmente, as opções terapêuticas de que se dispõe são a terapia de trombólise, na fase aguda, e técnicas de reabilitação e suporte na fase crónica, que não infrequentemente deixam muitos doentes sem resposta.Por esse motivo, considera-se importante a investigação de novas técnicas de reabilitação e terapêutica, principalmente direcionadas aos doentes que se mantêm refractários aos métodos existentes, permitindo dar-lhes uma nova esperança.De entre os métodos em estudo, a Estimulação Cerebral Profunda (ECP) tem-se mostrado dos mais promissores, através da estimulação eléctrica de alvos cerebrais, para promover a melhoria sintomatológica e a recuperação das sequelas pós-AVC. Sendo já um método bem estabelecido na Doença de Parkinson, as suas evidências em doenças do movimento e outros distúrbios neuronais são crescentes.Esta revisão tem, assim, como objectivo abordar as várias sequelas do AVC nas quais é possível aplicar ECP, os alvos terapêuticos usados em cada uma delas e o resultado obtido, com base nos estudos mais recentes publicados sobre o tema.Métodos: Revisão de literatura pertinente com intuito de perceber o estado atual da aplicação da técnica às diversas comorbilidades resultantes da resposta maladaptativa nos doentes pós-AVC e as perspectivas futuras.Conclusão: Foi possível perceber que a ECP tem atualmente um papel restrito no tratamento dos distúrbios pós-AVC, apesar de vários estudos reportarem resultados muito positivos e promissores nos mesmos. Essa realidade assenta, provavelmente, na escassez de estudos randomizados e controlados, com follow-up a longo prazo e no alto custo da técnica. Através da melhoria destes e de uma seleção criteriosa dos doentes, a ECP será uma opção terapêutica cada vez mais valorizada.
Introduction: Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in Portugal. Of the patients who survive the acute episode, more than 78% never reach normal functionality, presenting not only persistent neurological deficits, despite rehabilitation techniques, but also psychological, emotional and behavioural changes. This reality leads to a substantial decrease quality of life, often with a poor response. The high prevalence of the disease, which affects more than 4000 people per month in our country, associated with high morbidity and mortality, makes it the object of great interest. The currently available therapeutic options are thrombolysis therapy in the acute phase and rehabilitation and support techniques in the chronic phase, which not infrequently leave many patients unresponsive. Therefore, it is considered important to research on new techniques of rehabilitation and therapy, mainly aimed at patients who remain refractory to existing methods, allowing them to give them new hope. Among the methods under study, Deep Brain Stimulation (ECP) has been shown to be the most promising, through the electrical stimulation of cerebral targets, to promote symptomatic improvement and recovery of post-stroke sequelae. As a well-established method in Parkinson's disease, its evidence in movement disorders and other neuronal disorders are increasing. This review thus aims to address the various sequelae of stroke in which ECP can be applied, the therapeutic targets used in each of them and the result obtained, based on the most recent studies published on the subject.Methods: Review of relevant literature in order to perceive the current state of application of the technique to the various comorbidities resulting from the maladaptive response in post-stroke patients and the future perspectives.Conclusion: It was possible to realize that DBS currently has a restricted role in the treatment of post-stroke patients, although several studies report very positive and promising results. This reality is probably based on the absence of randomized and controlled studies with long-term follow-up and in the high cost of the technique. Through the improvement of these and careful selection of patients, DBS will be a therapeutic option increasingly valued.
Mendes, Tânia, and Rita Brandão. "A reabilitação em utentes com disfagia após AVC." Bachelor's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10884/583.
Full textSerra, Paula Catarina Registo. "Análise comparativa da etiologia e mecanismo do AVC isquémico segundo a classificação da TOAST e a nova classificação da ASCO." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/2300.
Full textDuarte, Jessica. "Perfil lipídico em pacientes com acidente vascular agudo." Bachelor's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/4859.
Full textEste projecto teve como objectivo descrever os valores do perfil lipídico, e comparar estes com a gravidade do acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) verificada com base nas incapacidades que o paciente possui. Adicionalmente, conheceu-se o ambiente vivido numa unidade hospitalar, e observou-se os doentes internados no serviço de Neurologia, de modo a verificar o estado inicial do paciente após o AVC, acompanhando as suas dificuldades, incapacidades e o processo de melhoria. O método de estudo teve como base a recolha dos níveis de colesterol total, colesterol LDL, colesterol HDL e triglicéridos, de 37 pacientes que sofreram um AVC agudo, na altura do internamento dos mesmos, entre Janeiro e Junho de 2009. Após efectuar o tratamento estatístico devido, verificou-se que não existe nenhuma diferença significativa entre os níveis de colesterol total, colesterol LDL, colesterol HDL, triglicéridos entre o sexo feminino e masculino. Aparentemente, para o sexo feminino, níveis mais baixos de colesterol HDL traduzem um AVC com um impacto na escala de Rankin mais negativo, e níveis mais altos de colesterol HDL se correlacionam com melhor impacto na escala de Rankin, isto é, maior autonomia ou menos impacto negativo do AVC. No que diz respeito ao valor médio da escala de Rankin, entre o sexo feminino e masculino, não se verificaram diferenças nos pacientes que sofreram um AVC. Relativamente aos factores de risco para o AVC, verificou-se que a sua incidência não mostra relação com o sexo do doente. No que diz respeito aos factores de risco estudados, os pacientes hipertensos possuem uma maior incidência (60%) [8,9]. Verificou-se que a idade média para a ocorrência do AVC para pacientes fumadores foi de 58,57 ± 9,47, valor este inferior à idade média para pacientes sem factor de risco, hipertensos, diabéticos e obesos (70,22 ± 11,94; 68,77 ± 9,61; 67,33 ± 4,41; 73,50 ± 4,95, respectivamente). Relativamente ao perfil lipídico, os pacientes hipertensos possuem níveis de colesterol total e colesterol LDL superiores aos pacientes obesos (200,82 ± 54,15 mg/dL vs. 169,50 ± 2,12 mg/dL; 130,76 ± 58,00 mg/dL vs. 97,00 ±11,31 mg/dL, respectivamente). No que diz respeito aos níveis de triglicéridos, os pacientes hipertensos possuem níveis inferiores aos diabéticos (133,27 ± 58,53 mg/dL vs. 186,40 ± 87,87 mg/dL, respectivamente). Para os valores da escala de Rankin, os pacientes obesos possuem valores superiores aos pacientes sem factores de risco, hipertensos e fumadores (4,50 ± 0,71 vs. 1,78 ± 2,28; 2,09 ± 1,69; 2,14 ± 1,68, respectivamente). Estes pacientes possuem incapacidades severas onde o paciente requer assistência constante. Verificou-se ainda, que mesmo em lesões pouco extensas, os resultados podem ser drásticos na capacidade de autonomia do paciente, podendo mesmo ficar severamente incapacitado e totalmente dependente de outrem. Conclui-se que não existem variações significativas entre o perfil lipídico e a gravidade do AVC entre o sexo feminino e masculino, e que a única correlação verificada foi relativamente ao sexo feminino, onde níveis mais baixos de colesterol HDL traduzem um AVC com sintomas mais graves.
This projects main goal was to describe the values of a lipid profile, and compare these with the severity of cerebrovascular accident (stroke), relative to the disabilities that the patient acquires. Additionally, get to know the atmosphere in a hospital, and observe the patients admitted to the neurology service in order to verify the initial state of the patient after a stroke, following his difficulties, disabilities and improvement process. The study method was based on the gathering of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels of 37 patients, who suffered an acute stroke at the time of internment of them, from January to June 2009. After statistical analysis, there is no significant difference between the levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides between the women and men. Apparently, for women, lower levels of HDL cholesterol reflect a stroke with a more negative impact on the Rankin scale, and higher levels of HDL cholesterol are correlated with better impact of the Rankin scale, in other words, more autonomy or less negative impact of stroke. The average value of the Rankin scale, between women and men, had also no differences between patients who suffered a stroke. With regard to stroke risk factors, it was found that the incidence shows no relationship to the sex of the patient. With regard to the risk factors studied, the hypertensive patients have a higher incidence (60%) [8,9]. It was found that the average age of stroke patients who smoke was 58.57 ± 9.47, below the average age for patients without risk factors, hypertensive, diabetic and obese (70.22 ± 11; 94, 68.77 ± 9.61, 67.33 ± 4.41, 73.50 ± 4.95, respectively). For the lipid profile, hypertensive patients have levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol higher than obese patients (200.82 ± 54.15 mg / dL vs. 169.50 ± 2.12 mg / dL, 130.76 ± 58, 00 mg / dL vs. 97.00 ± 11.31 mg / dL, respectively). Referring to the triglyceride levels, hypertensive patients have lower levels then diabetics (133.27 ± 58.53 mg / dL vs. 186.40 ± 87.87 mg / dL, respectively). For values of the Rankin scale, obese patients have higher values than patients without risk factors, hypertension and smokers (4.50 ± 0.71 vs. 1.78 ± 2.28, 2.09 ± 1.69; 2.14 ± 1.68, respectively). These patients have severe disabilities where the patient requires constant assistance. It was also found that even in small lesions, the results can be dramatic in the patients autonomy, and that he may even become severely disabled and totally dependent on others. We conclude that there are no significant variations between lipid profile and severity of stroke between the male and female, and that the only correlation was found for the women, where lower levels of HDL cholesterol reflect a stroke with more severe symptoms.
Lin, Tzu-Hsiang, and 林子翔. "Data Hiding in H.264/AVC." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46358576153136953981.
Full text國立屏東教育大學
資訊科學系碩士班
101
Due to the development of information and Internet, digital multimedia data is very easy to be stored, transmitted, modified, and illegally copied over the network. In order to prevent data transmission security issues and copyright protection issues, the information hiding techniques have been developed to solve these issues. Because H.264 video compression format has a very good compression rate and compression quality, it has been widely used. H.264 uses intra prediction to eliminate the intra-frame spatial redundancy and inter prediction to eliminate the inter-frame temporal redundancy, in which the inter-frame prediction uses motion vectors to record it’s motion information. In this thesis, a H.264/AVC data hiding technique based on motion vectors of P frame is proposed. It modifies the motion vector of shift to achieve the purpose of data hiding. After secret data is embedded, our proposed method can maintain a good video quality. Besides, the embedded data can be easily extracted and there is a good amount of embedding capacity.
Encarnação, Vítor Pedro Aguiar. "Consumo de drogas ilícitas e AVC." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/43655.
Full textEstima-se que actualmente, 5,6% da população mundial já tenha consumido alguma droga ilícita, com os dados a apontarem para números cada vez maiores e mais relevantes principalmente nos adultos jovens. O mecanismo de acção das várias substâncias de consumo já foi associado ao acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) pelas alterações provocadas, por exemplo, na autorregulação cerebral, na pressão arterial, no ritmo cardíaco, na vasculatura e na hemostase, o que faz com que estas sejam um factor de risco a ter em conta numa síndrome clínica que acarreta elevada morbilidade e mortalidade. Desta forma, o presente estudo retrospectivo procura caracterizar melhor o perfil do consumidor de drogas ilícitas que é vítima de AVC e estabelecer eventuais nexos de causalidade que permitam uma melhor compreensão do doente. Para tal procedeu-se à caracterização do consumo de cada doente assim como do respectivo AVC, confrontando os dados obtidos com controlos sem hábitos toxicofílicos. Destacam-se indivíduos mais jovens e prevalência do sexo masculino junto dos doentes consumidores, que também apresentam maior incidência de tabagismo, alcoolismo e hepatites virais. Neste grupo há uma percentagem relevante de AVCs criptogénicos e uma possível tendência para hemorragia subaracnoideia e para AVCs isquémicos com o consumo de canábis. Não se identificaram variações significativas em termos de prognóstico nos dois grupos. Conclui-se por fim que as drogas ilícitas são um factor de risco indiscutível para a ocorrência de AVCs, e que os doentes que as consomem possuem certas nuances em termos epidemiológicos, de factores de risco e provavelmente de tipos de AVC que devem ser tidas em conta para uma melhor abordagem clínica dos mesmos.
It is estimated that at present, 5.6% of the world's population has already consumed some illicit drug, with data pointing to increasing numbers mainly in young adults. The mechanism of action of the various substances of consumption has already been associated with stroke due to changes in, for example, brain self-regulation, blood pressure, heart rate, vasculature and hemostasis, making them a risk factor to be considered in a clinical syndrome that causes high morbidity and mortality. Thus, the present retrospective study seeks to better characterize the profile of illicit drug users who are victims of stroke and to establish possible causality links that allow a better understanding of the patient. For this purpose, the consumption of each patient as well as the respective stroke was characterized, comparing the data obtained with controls without these habits. We highlight the younger age and male prevalence among consuming patients, who also have a higher incidence of smoking, alcoholism and viral hepatitis. In this group there is a relevant percentage of cryptogenic strokes and a possible tendency for subarachnoid hemorrhage and for ischemic strokes with cannabis use. There were no significant changes in prognosis in the two groups. Finally, we conclude that illicit drugs are an indisputable risk factor for the occurrence of stroke, and that patients who consume them have certain nuances in terms of epidemiology, risk factors and probably types of strokes that should be considered for a better clinical approach.
Silva, Cátia Marlene Carvalho da. "Modelos de Prognóstico de AVC Isquémico." Master's thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/87754.
Full textSilva, Cátia Marlene Carvalho da. "Modelos de Prognóstico de AVC Isquémico." Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/87754.
Full textLaranjinha, Maria Inês Domingues. "Dipping da pressão arterial e prognóstico funcional do AVC isquémico." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/37379.
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