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Amortila, Muriel. "AVC." Revue Francophone d'Orthoptie 9, no. 2 (April 2016): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rfo.2016.05.003.
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Benetti, Jordan, and Larissa Calderan Tomazzi. "Análise de coorte de Acidente Vascular Cerebral em pacientes jovens – Hospital Julio C. Perando - 2018." Brazilian Journal of Health Review 7, no. 5 (September 5, 2024): e72562. http://dx.doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv7n5-064.
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O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é a terceira causa de morte e a primeira causa de incapacidade em adultos no mundo diante desse problema de saúde pública tem como objetivo deste trabalho obter a incidência, idade, sexo, presença de fatores de risco e tipo de AVC em pacientes que foram atendidos no serviço de neurologia do Hospital J.C. Perrando durante o ano de 2018. Foram analisadas todas as historias clínicas dos pacientes atendidos no serviço de neurologia clínica do Hospital J. C. Perrando no ano de 2018. Foram seleccionados os pacientes com o diagnóstico de ACV com idade menor ou igual a 50 anos. Da casuística estudada, um total de 33 pacientes foram analisados. Assim, foi obtida a incidência de pacientes com a doença no ano de 2018, o tipo de AVC, idade e gênero mais frequente com presença ou ausência de fatores de risco para AVC. Com o presente trabalho obtemos a idade média de apresentacão de ACV em pacientes jovens foi de 40 anos, onde o sexo femenino representa a maioria dos casos. O tipo de AVC mais frequente nesses pacientes foi o isquêmico com fatores de risco associados. Os dados obtidos no trabalho coinciden com estatísticas de estudos prévios, para uma maior precisão deveria realizar uma analise com um período de tempo mais prolongado.
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Liu, Shuang, and Hai Chao Wei. "Application of AGC/AVC in Photovoltaic Power Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 614 (September 2014): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.614.151.
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In order to deal with a lot of adverse influence of photovoltaic power generation for power grid, such as the intermittence, randomicity and undulation, AGC / AVC in a photovoltaic power station have become a fundamental requirement. This paper introduces the structure, contro1 strategies of AGC / AVC system in photovoltaic power station. A practical application is carried out at Shizuishan PV power station in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The result shows that the technical specifications of the system meet the requirements of the site operation.
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Han, Junfei, and Hua Li. "The Application of AVC System in Inner Mongolia Wind Farm." Review of Computer Engineering Studies 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/rces.080203.
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The key technologies of self-regulating voltage control for wind farms are studied, and the technical indicators of the AVC main and sub-stations of wind farms in the field of large-scale wind power generation are defined. Wind farm voltage control (AVC) control strategy, developed a wind farm AVC simulation test platform, prepared a wind farm AVC field test and conducted a field test. According to the actual control effect of wind farm AVC, the dynamic response characteristics of wind farm AVC and the reactive power performance of wind farm AVC are evaluated according to relevant technical standards.
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Meor Said, M. A., M. S. Mohd, I. Faye, N. Abu Husain, T. N. A. Tuan Kamaruddin, and S. S. Dol. "Review of Current Animal-Vehicle Collision (AVC) Studies." Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia 5, no. 1 (August 16, 2021): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v5i1.153.
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Animal-Vehicle Collision (AVC) is one of the widest and foremost research segments in the road safety research area. This paper aims to give a critical review of highlighted points and characteristics of different types of research that is within the AVC research segment. There are distinctively four categories of AVC research namely: trend and characteristic of AVC study, AVC spatial modeling study, human-animal behavioral study, and AVC mitigation study. Specific traits of each category are explored and related reported data are presented. In conclusion, each category of AVC research required further analysis especially on gathering comprehensive field data and records.
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An, Kanghyun, Jiseon Baek, Sang-Kwon Lee, Daewon Jang, and Soohyun Shin. "Active Vibration Control of Motor Driven Power Steering for Reduction of Interior Noise." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 266, no. 2 (May 25, 2023): 709–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/nc_2023_01_1043.
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This study presents a novel active vibration control (AVC) system on motor driven power steering (MDPS) to reduce interior noise reduction caused by operating the MDPS in an electric vehicle. MDPS is electronic power steering (EPS). The MDPS attached to the rack gear of power steering system is called R-MDPS. Operating of the R-MDPS generates a structural vibration of R-MDPS, and the vibration is transmitted to car body through mounts of car subframe. The vibrating body of car becomes a monopole and dipole sources of vibroacoustic noise generated inside car. This vibracoustic noise is a structure borne noise and makes passenger annoyance. To reduce interior noise inside a car directly, active noise control (ANC) has been used as active method and is a useful method for active cancellation of the low frequency noises less than 400Hz. However, in this study, because the frequency range of interior noise due to operation of R-MDPS is higher than 400Hz, the AVC system is employed and is applied to active cancellation of the vibration transmitted to car body through the subframe mounts. For application of AVC to test car, the control force is required and the actuator for generation of control force should be install on the mounts. For application of AVC to test car, the control force is required and the actuator for generation of control force should be inserted in the mount between subframe and R-MDPS. It requires an extra rework of test car. In this study to study the feasibility for the application of AVC system to R-MDPS, the test jig, which composes of R-MDPS and subframe of test car, is made and is set up in the laboratory. All study on AVC is performed in the laboratory. The proposed method is successfully applied to the active cancellation of vibration at target point of subframe. The developed method is going to be applied to the AVC of real test vehicle.
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Elarbagy, Ahmed R., Yassein S. Yassein, Mahmoud M. Emara, Ahmed A. Sonbol, Khaled M. A. Elzorkany, and Amera A. Sharaf El Deen. "Study of serum sclerostin levels and its role in vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease." Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 31, no. 4 (December 2019): 813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejim.ejim_34_19.
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Abstract Objective The aim of this work was to study serum sclerostin levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not on dialysis and those on regular hemodialysis and its role in vascular calcification. Background CKD, whether starting hemodialysis (HD) or not, is associated with an increase in the risk for vascular calcification, which can only be partially explained by known classical risk factors. Sclerostin is an osteocyte-derived inhibitor of the Wnt pathway and has been shown to play a key role in vascular calcification in patients with CKD. Patients and methods This cross-sectional study was carried out on 80 patients with CKD attending Menoufia University Hospital. Patients were classified into 40 patients with CKD who were not on HD (group I) and 40 patients with CKD on regular HD more than 6 months (group II), who were compared with 15 controls (group III). Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) was assessed using lateral lumbar radiography. Echocardiography was used to assess aortic valve calcification (AVC) calcification. Patient’s basic clinical and biochemical data were recorded. Serum sclerostin level was measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results Sclerostin levels among the patients with CKD on HD (116.8±0.103.69 Pmol/l) was significantly higher than that of CKD predialysis group (28.63±0.36.26 Pmol/l), which in turn was statistically higher than control group (6.6±0.2.9 Pmol) (P=0.000). AAC was observed in 16 (40%) patients in CKD predialysis group, whereas in CKD on HD group, 26 (65%) patients had AAC. AVC was observed in 14 (35%) patients in CKD predialysis group, whereas in CKD on HD group, 21 (52.5%) patients had AVC. Using binary regression analysis, sclerostin was identified as an independent predictor for the presence of AAC (OR: 1.017; P=0.000) and AVC (OR: 1.013; P=0.001) in patients with CKD. Conclusion Patients with CKD (predialysis and on HD) exhibit an increase in sclerostin levels. Sclerostin expansion correlated positively with vascular and valvular calcification. Sclerostin is an independent risk factor for heart valve calcification and AAC in patients with CKD.
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Omar, Mohd Shah Fazly, Syirah Nazirah Mohd Tajuddin, Sabariah Md Noor, and Zainina Seman. "Full Blood Count Parameters in COVID-19 Patients With Disease Severity, Patient Outcome and Vaccination Status." LAB MEDICINE AND RESEARCH IN PATHOLOGY 19, s16 (December 16, 2023): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s16.4.
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Introduction: A link between full blood count (FBC) parameters with the severity and prognosis of individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is shown. We aim to identify changes in FBC parameters depending on patients’ characteristics, the severity of the disease and vaccination status. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective laboratory study is done on 208 respondents who were selected from February 2021 to December 2022 in the Pathology Department of the Tuanku Ja’afar Hospital in Negeri Sembilan. All patients are confirmed COVID-19 positive by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of pharyngeal and nasal swab specimens. Patients are further classified based on their COVID clinical stages, severity, vaccination status and outcome. The statistical data are analysed using IBM SPSS version 27. Results: Severe patients have significantly lower absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), absolute monocyte count (AMC), absolute eosinophil count (AEC) and absolute basophil count (ABC) but higher mean platelet volume (MPV), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and immature granulocytes (IG) compared to non-severe patients (p < 0.05). Similar findings are seen among non-survivors (p < 0.05). Fully vaccinated patients have significantly lower NLR and MPV but higher ALC, AMC, AEC and ABC than unvaccinated or partially vaccinated patients (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Selected FBC parameters of COVID-19 patients (platelets, ANC, NLR, MPV, ALC, AMC, AEC, and ABC) are significantly different depending on patients’ severity, outcome and vaccination status. These results might give a clear insight for clinicians to anticipate the severity and outcome of patients based on the patient’s FBC parameters.
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Oliveira, Carlos Walmyr de Mattos, Welton Aaron de Almeida, Ana Laura Peña González, Edilson Misael Guimarães, Ana Raisa Salles Bezerra, Victor Augusto Souza Santana, Maria Rita Barcelos Corrêa do Nascimento, et al. "Revisão sistemática dos avanços no diagnóstico e tratamento do acidente vascular cerebral: perspectivas neurocientíficas e atualizações clínicas." OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA 22, no. 10 (October 17, 2024): e7296. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/oelv22n10-154.
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O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é uma condição médica crítica caracterizada pela interrupção súbita do fluxo sanguíneo para uma parte do cérebro, resultando em danos neurológicos que podem variar em severidade. A definição moderna do AVC evoluiu com os avanços na neuroimagem e na compreensão patofisiológica, que agora permitem distinguir de maneira mais precisa entre AVC isquêmico e hemorrágico. A revisão sistemática envolveu uma análise detalhada de estudos selecionados com base em critérios rigorosos e uma estratégia abrangente de busca em bases de dados acadêmicas. Essa abordagem meticulosa permitiu a extração e avaliação minuciosa dos dados, com o objetivo de sintetizar as tendências atuais e identificar lacunas na literatura. Tradicionalmente, o AVC é definido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) como uma síndrome clínica com sintomas neurológicos focais. No entanto, a definição moderna incorpora o uso de técnicas de neuroimagem para diferenciar entre AVC isquêmico, resultante de infarto cerebral devido a obstrução do fluxo sanguíneo, e AVC hemorrágico, causado por sangramentos no cérebro. Globalmente, o AVC continua a ser uma das principais causas de mortalidade, com alta prevalência no Brasil, onde é a principal causa de morte. A patogênese do AVC inclui diversos mecanismos, como infarto lacunar, aterotrombótico e cardioembólico, enquanto a hemorragia subaracnóidea frequentemente resulta da ruptura de aneurismas. O diagnóstico do AVC envolve uma combinação de avaliação clínica e técnicas de neuroimagem para confirmar o tipo de AVC e orientar o tratamento. As estratégias de tratamento variam de acordo com o tipo de AVC: o AVC isquêmico pode ser tratado com trombólise e controle rigoroso da pressão arterial, enquanto o AVC hemorrágico e a hemorragia subaracnóidea exigem abordagens específicas para controlar o sangramento e tratar suas causas subjacentes. A revisão sistemática destaca a necessidade de estratégias eficazes de prevenção e tratamento, assim como a importância de políticas de saúde pública e pesquisa contínua para melhorar os resultados clínicos e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. O AVC isquêmico é predominante, exigindo atenção especial para aterosclerose e embolias cardiogênicas, enquanto a hemorragia subaracnóidea e cerebral demanda monitoramento rigoroso e manejo especializado.
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Oikawa, Masayoshi, Takashi Owada, Hiroyuki Yamauchi, Tomofumi Misaka, Hirofumi Machii, Takayoshi Yamaki, Koichi Sugimoto, et al. "Predominance of Abdominal Visceral Adipose Tissue Reflects the Presence of Aortic Valve Calcification." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2174657.
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Background. Aortic valve calcification (AVC) is a common feature of aging and is related to coronary artery disease. Although abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) plays fundamental roles in coronary artery disease, the relationship between abdominal VAT and AVC is not fully understood.Methods. We investigated 259 patients who underwent cardiac and abdominal computed tomography (CT). AVC was defined as calcified lesion on the aortic valve by CT. %abdominal VAT was calculated as abdominal VAT area/total adipose tissue area.Results. AVC was detected in 75 patients, and these patients showed higher %abdominal VAT (44% versus 38%,p<0.05) compared to those without AVC. When the cutoff value of %abdominal VAT was set at 40.9%, the area under the curve to diagnose AVC was 0.626. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR 1.120, 95% CI 1.078–1.168,p<0.01), diabetes (OR 2.587, 95% CI 1.323–5.130,p<0.01), and %abdominal VAT (OR 1.032, 95% CI 1.003–1.065,p<0.05) were independent risk factors for AVC. The net reclassification improvement value for detecting AVC was increased when %abdominal VAT was added to the model: 0.5093 (95% CI 0.2489–0.7697,p<0.01).Conclusion. We determined that predominance of VAT is associated with AVC.
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Santos, Henriky Santana, Luana Godinho Maynard, Thassyo Oliveira Sales, Pablo da Cruz Barros, Marina Mendes Teixeira, Filipe Matias Batista Mota, José Carlos da Silva Junior, and Áleff Edrei Gomes Santos. "O Potencial terapêutico da fotobiomodulação no manejo do AVC: uma revisão sistemática." Brazilian Journal of Health Review 7, no. 2 (April 18, 2024): e69023. http://dx.doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv7n2-400.
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A definição do Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) pela OMS destaca sua natureza súbita e focal, impactando significativamente a saúde global. Com 12,2 milhões de casos incidentes em 2019, o AVC representa uma carga considerável, especialmente em países de baixa renda. No Brasil, o custo do tratamento para pacientes com AVC é substancial. A disfunção mitocondrial nos neurônios é uma característica bioquímica do AVC, levando à redução de ATP. A Fotobiomodulação (FBM) emerge como uma terapia promissora, com potencial para reverter a disfunção mitocondrial e oferecer efeitos neuroprotetores. A diversidade de protocolos de FBM destaca a necessidade de uma investigação mais aprofundada sobre sua eficácia no AVC. Analisar o potencial terapêutico da fotobiomodulação no tratamento do AVC. Este estudo foi fundamentado em pesquisas encontradas no MEDLINE, PUBMED, SciELO e LILACS, realizado sob o protocolo PRISMA, visando investigar o potencial terapêutico da fotobiomodulação no tratamento do AVC. Foram analisados 31 artigos em quatro bases de dados, resultando em 10 selecionados e 5 anexados por preencherem os critérios de inclusão. A extração dos dados foi realizada de forma crítica e qualitativa. Os estudos sobre fotobiomodulação no tratamento pós-AVC apresentam resultados conflitantes. Embora algumas pesquisas mostrem bons resultados, seja na reabilitação motora-espástica, seja na fase aguda do AVC, a literatura encontrada teve várias limitações. Novas pesquisas são necessárias para avaliar a eficácia a longo prazo. A fotobiomodulação mostra-se promissora no AVC, mas mais pesquisas são necessárias para confirmar sua eficácia.
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Li, Min, Yong Hong Tang, Lin Xu, Hong Fan, and Yu De Yang. "Method of Reactive Power and Voltage Optimization Control Based on RTDS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 1520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.1520.
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Automatic voltage control (AVC) system has been widely used in power systems at home and abroad, with some problems in applications. This paper proposes a closed-loop testing method based on real time digital simulation system (RTDS) and reactive optimization procedures to simulate the actual AVC operation mode, we can obtain an optimal control which is different from the actual AVC system, it can be used as the actual AVC system judgment to evaluate the action effectiveness and the advantages/disadvantages of the actual AVC system compared with optimal results. Finally, the simulation tests show that RTDS-based reactive power and voltage optimization control method is good so that it can be regard as reference to evaluate the control effectiveness of the actual AVC system action.
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Spina-França, A., J. A. Livramento, L. R. Machado, J. P. S. Nóbrega, and L. A. Bacheschi. "Liqüido cefalorraqueano em acidentes vasculares cerebrais: estudo de 1500 casos." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 45, no. 2 (June 1987): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1987000200010.
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Para avaliar a informação que pode ser obtida mediante o estudo do líquido cefalorraqueano (LCR) em acidentes vasculares cerebrais (AVC) foram analisados os dados de 1500 casos. Três tipos fundamentais de AVC podem ser considerados do ponto de vista do LCR: AVC LCR tipo 1, sem hemácias e sem xantocromia (incolor); AVC LCR tipo 2, sem hemácias e com xantocromia; AVC LCR tipo 3, com hemácias e com xantocromia. Os dados quanto a cada grupo são discutidos bem como suas correlações. O papel de alterações metabólicas sistêmicas, da barreira hêmato-encefálica e do comprometimento do parênquima do sistema nervoso central são discutidos na interpretação dos achados. Considerações finais são feitas quanto à utilidade do estudo do LCR em AVC frente a avanços em outras técnicas de investigação, como as de neuroimagem.
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Khurrami, Lida, Jacob Eifer Møller, Jes Sanddal Lindholt, Grazina Urbonaviciene, Flemming Hald Steffensen, Jess Lambrechtsen, Marek Karon, et al. "Cross-sectional study of aortic valve calcification and cardiovascular risk factors in older Danish men." Heart 107, no. 19 (August 10, 2021): 1536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2021-319023.
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ObjectiveAortic valve calcification (AVC) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) are predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD), presumably sharing risk factors. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence and extent of AVC in a large population of men aged 60–74 years and to assess the association between AVC and cardiovascular risk factors including CAC and biomarkers.MethodsParticipants from the DANish CArdioVAscular Screening and intervention trial (DANCAVAS) with AVC and CAC scores and without previous valve replacement were included in the study. Calcification scores were calculated on non-contrast CT scans. Cardiovascular risk factors were self-reported, measured or both, and further explored using descriptive and regression analysis for AVC association.Results14 073 men aged 60–74 years were included. The AVC scores ranged from 0 to 9067 AU, with a median AVC of 6 AU (IQR 0–82). In 8156 individuals (58.0%), the AVC score was >0 and 215 (1.5%) had an AVC score ≥1200. In the regression analysis, all cardiovascular risk factors were associated with AVC; however, after inclusion of CAC ≥400, only age (ratio of expected counts (REC) 1.07 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.09)), hypertension (REC 1.24 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.41)), obesity (REC 1.34 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.50)), known CVD (REC 1.16 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.31)) and serum phosphate (REC 2.25 (95% CI 1.66 to 3.10) remained significantly associated, while smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum calcium were not.ConclusionsAVC was prevalent in the general population of men aged 60–74 years and was significantly associated with all modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, but only selectively after adjustment for CAC ≥400 AU.Trial registration numberNCT03946410 and ISRCTN12157806.
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Vitorio Ymai Rosendo, Beatriz, Laura Faustino Gonçalves, Cláudia Tiemi Mituuti, and Patricia Haas. "Fatores associados à disfagia em pacientes com AVC: uma revisão sistemática." Revista Neurociências 29 (December 14, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2021.v29.11940.
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Introdução. Alteração no processo de deglutição, designada disfagia, está relacionada ao desenvolvimento de complicações pós Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC), tais como desnutrição, desidratação e problemas pulmonares. Objetivo. Verificar os fatores associados à gravidade da disfagia de pacientes com AVC. Método. A busca de artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed, Scopus, Bireme e Web Of Science. Não houve restrição de localização e idioma, entre 2015 a 2020. Para a seleção dos estudos foi utilizada a combinação baseada no Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH). Foram incluídos na pesquisa 3 estudos que obtiveram ≥6 pontos segundo o protocolo para pontuação qualitativa. Resultados. Os artigos inclusos constataram correlação entre a pontuação do NIHSS e o grau de disfagia, sendo o AVC leve associado à deglutição normal e disfagia leve; enquanto o AVC grave à disfagia grave. Todos os pacientes com pontuação NIHSS≥16 apresentaram algum grau de disfagia orofaríngea e todos os pacientes em risco de aspiração tiveram AVC no território da artéria cerebral média. Lesões combinadas do opérculo frontal e córtex insular resultaram no risco prolongado de aspiração. A disfagia e a aspiração em pacientes pós AVC foi relacionada à disfunção da fase oral. Conclusão: Há evidências de que a integridade funcional dos músculos orais e cervicais representa um fator agravante para os quadros de disfagia após AVC, a aspiração é um aspecto associado a disfagia após o AVC. Contudo, não houve correlação entre a localização hemisférica da lesão do AVC e disfagia.
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Brito, Renan Guedes de, Lívia Cristina Rodrigues Ferreira Lins, Camila Danielle Aragão Almeida, Edmilson de Souza Ramos Neto, Doralúcia Pedrosa de Araújo, and Carlúcia Ithamar Fernandes Franco. "Instrumentos de Avaliação Funcional Específicos Para o Acidente Vascular Cerebral." Revista Neurociências 21, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2013.v21.8145.
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Introdução. O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é um sinal clínico com desenvolvimento rápido e perturbação focal da função cerebral, sendo a causa de diversas incapacidades, as quais predispõem os sobreviventes a um padrão de vida sedentário com limitações individuais para as atividades de vida diária. Estes déficits devem ser avaliados de maneira minuciosa, fazendo-se necessário a utilização de instrumentos confiáveis e validados. Objetivo. Pesquisar escalas específicas para o AVC referenciadas na literatura mundial. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura nas bases de dados ele¬trônicas da MEDLINE, LILACS e SCIELO, referentes ao período entre 1974-2009. Resultados. Foram selecionados 32 artigos, dois periódicos que tinham em seu conteúdo capítulos que tratavam dos instrumentos de avaliação do AVC e duas dissertações. Foram descritas 8 escalas: Escala de Rankin modificada, Escala de Avaliação Motora para AVC, Escala Escandinava de AVC, Escala de Avaliação Motora de Rivermead, Escala Específica de Qualidade de Vida no AVC, Escala de Braço de Frenchay, Escala do National Institute of Health para Avaliação sequencial na fase aguda do AVC e Escala de Controle de Tranco. Conclusões. As escalas de avaliação específicas para o AVC são mundialmente conhecidas, confiáveis e validadas, sendo importantes na prática clínica do fisioterapeuta.
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Dai, Lu, Oscar Plunde, Abdul Rashid Qureshi, Bengt Lindholm, Torkel B. Brismar, Leon J. Schurgers, Magnus Söderberg, Jonaz Ripsweden, Magnus Bäck, and Peter Stenvinkel. "Aortic Valve Calcium Associates with All-Cause Mortality Independent of Coronary Artery Calcium and Inflammation in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 2 (February 24, 2020): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020607.
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Background: Aortic valve calcium (AVC) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) are common complications in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We investigated the prognostic significance of overlapping presence of AVC and CAC, and whether AVC was associated with all-cause mortality independent of the presence of CAC in ESRD. Methods: 259 ESRD patients (median age 55 years, 67% males) undergoing cardiac computed tomography were included. Framingham risk score (FRS), presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), statin use, nutritional status and other relevant laboratory data were determined at baseline. During follow-up for median 36 months, 44 patients died, and 68 patients underwent renal transplantation. Results: The baseline overlap presence of AVC and CAC was 37%. Multivariate regression analysis showed that FRS (odds ratio (OR) 2.25; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.43–3.55) and CAC score (OR (95% CI), 2.18 (1.34–3.59)) were independent determinants of AVC. In competing-risk regression models adjusted for presence of CAC, inflammation, nutritional status, CVD, FRS and statin use, AVC remained independently associated with all-cause mortality (sub-hazard ratio (95% CI), 2.57 (1.20–5.51)). Conclusions: The overlap of AVC and CAC was 37% in this ESRD cohort. AVC was associated with increased all-cause mortality independent of presence of CAC, traditional risk factors and inflammation.
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Giorgetto, Carolina, Marisa Maia Leonardi Figueiredo, Jaqueline Mello Porto, and Maria Eloisa Borges Junqueira de Mattos Frateschi. "Uso da tecnologia na prevenção em saúde com o aplicativo Riscômetro de Acidente Vascular Cerebral." Revista Interdisciplinar de Saúde e Educação 5, no. 2 (December 12, 2024): 329–38. https://doi.org/10.56344/2675-4827.v5n2a2024.19.
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O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) figura entre as principais causas globais de mortalidade e incapacidade em adultos, sendo que cerca de 90% dos casos estão vinculados ao controle inadequado de fatores de risco potencialmente modificáveis. Buscando enfrentar esse desafio, a Rede Brasil AVC, em colaboração com a World Stroke Organization (Organização Mundial do AVC), em 2019, promoveu o aplicativo Riscômetro de AVC como uma inovação tecnológica para a prevenção global do AVC. Este aplicativo, com interface intuitiva, baixo custo e fácil implementação, oferece uma análise abrangente dos fatores de risco associados ao AVC, permitindo a identificação e gestão eficiente dos elementos de risco específicos de cada paciente. A ferramenta destaca-se por capacitar intervenções mais direcionadas e eficazes, promovendo uma abordagem personalizada na prevenção e na fase de reabilitação pós-AVC. Seu uso é endossado por organizações internacionais de renome, e o Ministério da Saúde incentiva profissionais de saúde a incorporarem e instruírem seus pacientes sobre a utilização desse novo recurso na prática clínica, especialmente em ambientes de reabilitação neurofuncional e cardiovascular. Essa iniciativa visa ampliar a conscientização global e a autogestão dos riscos associados ao AVC, proporcionando uma abordagem inovadora e eficiente para a prevenção dessa condição de saúde significativa.
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Kim, Sang-Un, and Joo-Yong Kim. "Comparative Performance Analysis of Inverse Phase Active Vibration Cancellation Using Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) and Vibration Absorption of Silicone Gel for Vibration Reduction." Polymers 15, no. 24 (December 11, 2023): 4672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15244672.
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This study focuses on addressing the issue of unwanted vibrations commonly encountered in various fields by designing an Active Vibration Cancellation (AVC) structure using a flexible piezoelectric composite material macro fiber composite (MFC). A comparative performance analysis was conducted between the AVC and a traditional passive gel that continuously absorbs vibrations. The results showed that AVC was more effective in mitigating vibrations, making it a promising solution for vibration control. The results of this study from extensive vibration–sensing experiments and comparisons revealed that AVC effectively cancels the vibrations and vibration absorption performance of the passive gel. These findings underline the potential of AVC as an efficient method for eliminating and managing undesired vibrations in practical applications. Specifically, AVC demonstrated a high vibration cancellation ratio of approximately 0.96 at frequencies above 10 Hz. In contrast, passive gel exhibited a relatively consistent vibration absorption ratio, approximately 0.70 to 0.75 at all tested frequencies. These quantitative findings emphasize the superior performance of AVC in reducing vibrations to levels below a certain threshold, demonstrating its efficacy for vibration control in real-world scenarios.
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Dassa, Koulou. "Dépression et AVC." Revue Neurologique 174 (April 2018): S174—S175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2018.02.041.
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Kouame-Assouan, Ange-Eric, Any Gnazegbo, Armel Karidioula, and Kotchi Elysée Bony. "Obésité et AVC." Revue Neurologique 174 (April 2018): S175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2018.02.043.
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Olié, Valérie. "Létalité post AVC." La Presse Médicale Formation 1, no. 2 (June 2020): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lpmfor.2020.04.017.
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Linglart, Cedric. "AVC de l’enfant." Revue Francophone d'Orthoptie 9, no. 2 (April 2016): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rfo.2016.05.001.
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Denier, C. "Endocardite et AVC." Revue Neurologique 168 (April 2012): A201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2012.01.523.
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Machado, Matheus Santos, Lucas Eduardo Alves, Antônio da Silva Menezes Junior, Marcus Vinícius Paiva De Oliveira, and Vera Aparecida Saddi. "A importância da quantificação de d-dímeros no diagnóstico do acidente vascular cerebral: uma revisão sistemática da literatura." Brazilian Journal of Health Review 6, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 192–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv6n1-019.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) consiste no desenvolvimento rápido de sinais clínicos resultantes de distúrbios focais e/ou globais da função cerebral, de origem vascular, com sintomas de duração igual ou superior a 24 horas, provocando alterações cognitivas e sensório-motoras. O AVC é a segunda principal causa de morte no mundo e cerca de 85% dos óbitos por AVC ocorrem em países não desenvolvidos ou em desenvolvimento. No Brasil, o AVC é a principal causa de morte, com uma incidência anual de 108 casos para cada 100 mil habitantes. O diagnóstico do AVC é feito com base nos exames clínicos e de imagem. Porém, esses métodos apresentam aspectos negativos, como alto custo, baixa disponibilidade e alto nível de especialização necessário para interpretação dos resultados de imagem. Nos últimos 20 anos várias pesquisas foram desenvolvidas com o objetivo de avaliar a utilidade da quantificação de D-dímeros (DD) no diagnóstico do AVC. OBJETIVO: Investigar, por meio de revisão sistemática da literatura, a utilidade da quantificação de D-dímeros no diagnóstico do AVC. METODOLOGIA: Este estudo consiste em uma revisão sistemática da literatura acerca da importância da quantificação de D-dímeros em pacientes com diagnóstico de AVC e controles. A revisão sistemática foi baseada nas diretrizes metodológicas do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) e a questão norteadora do estudo foi estabelecida por meio de uma sigla definida como PICO, ou seja, População, Intervenção/Exposição, Comparação e “Outcome”. Foram incluídos estudos que quantificaram D-dímeros na circulação dentro das 24 horas de aparecimento dos sintomas de AVC, comparando os resultados de pacientes e controles. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 11 estudos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão propostos, totalizando 2.906 pacientes com AVC e 749 controles. Nove entre os 11 estudos incluídos demonstraram diferença na quantificação de D-dímeros, com resultados significativamente maiores nos pacientes em comparação aos controles. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos incluídos nesta revisão corroboram com a hipótese de que os níveis de D-dímeros estão aumentados nos pacientes com AVC, reafirmando a importância desses biomarcadores no diagnóstico do AVC, nas primeiras 24 horas de aparecimento dos sintomas.
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Hur, Yoon-Mi. "Common Genetic Influences on Age at Pubertal Voice Change and BMI in Male Twins." Twin Research and Human Genetics 23, no. 4 (August 2020): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2020.65.
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AbstractThe present study aimed to explore secular trends in age at voice change (AVC), estimate heritability of AVC and investigate to what extent common genes influence the association between AVC and body mass index (BMI) in South Korean males. The sample of 955 male twins consisted of 241 pairs and 118 co-twin missing monozygotic (MZ) twins, 82 pairs and 50 co-twin missing dizygotic (DZ) twins and 141 male members of opposite-sex DZ twins who participated in telephone surveys in the South Korean Twin Registry. AVC was asked of twins during the surveys. The mean (SD) age of the sample was 18.92 (2.42) years (range: 16.00–29.25 years). The birth years of the twins were divided into two groups (1988–1993, 1994–2001). Kaplan–Meyer survival analyses were conducted to compute the mean age of AVC in the total sample as well as to test mean differences between the two birth cohorts. Maximum likelihood twin correlations and univariate and bivariate model-fitting analyses were performed. The mean AVC in the total sample was 14.19 (95% CI [14.09, 14.29]) years. The mean AVC significantly declined from 14.38 to 14.02 years from 1988 to 2001, confirming downward trends in AVC in recent years. Heritability for AVC was .59 (95% CI [.50, .67]), which was within the range reported in most Western twin studies. Although the phenotypic correlation between AVC and BMI was modest (r = −.14; 95% CI [−.07, −.21]), it was entirely mediated by common genes, similar to what has been found in females in prior twin studies. In conclusion, the present twin study underscores the importance of genetic influences on pubertal timing and its association with BMI in South Korean males.
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Waters, Camila, and Milena Marques Guedes dos Santos. "CARACTERÍSTICAS EPIDEMIOLÓGICAS DOS PACIENTES COM ACIDENTE VASCULAR CEREBRAL." RECISATEC - REVISTA CIENTÍFICA SAÚDE E TECNOLOGIA - ISSN 2763-8405 3, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): e32247. http://dx.doi.org/10.53612/recisatec.v3i2.247.
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Objetivo: Identificar, por meio de artigos científicos, as características epidemiológicas de pacientes acometidos pelo Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) no Brasil. Método: Pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizando os descritores específicos: Acidente Vascular Cerebral e Isquemia Encefálica que foram cruzados com os descritores gerais: Perfil de Saúde e Epidemiologia. Selecionados artigos completos disponíveis online, escritos no idioma português e publicados de janeiro de 2017 a março de 2021. Resultados: Dos 12 artigos selecionados, nove evidenciaram que indivíduos do sexo masculino apresentam maior incidência de AVC em relação ao sexo feminino. Todos os artigos identificaram os idosos acima de 60 anos como a faixa etária mais frequente para o AVC. Com relação às comorbidades, foram citadas a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e o Diabetes Mellitus. Com relação aos tipos de AVC, predominou o AVC isquêmico, com uma frequência de 60,0% a 83,0%. Com relação às manifestações clínicas, o comprometimento motor foi o mais citado em quatro estudos. As complicações foram evidenciadas por dois artigos, citando a pneumonia e a infecção do trato urinário. A média de internação hospitalar, citada por três artigos, variou de cinco dias a 15,7 dias e a frequência de óbito nos pacientes com AVC variou de uma frequência de 2,9% a 17,5%. Conclusões: O presente estudo possibilitou identificar as características epidemiológicas de pacientes acometidos pelo AVC no Brasil. Os fatores de risco aumentam a possibilidade de ocorrência de um AVC; entretanto, muitos deles podem ser reduzidos com tratamento clínico ou mudança no estilo de vida, reduzindo a incidência e mortalidade do AVC.
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Mourão, Aline Mansueto, Stela Maris Aguiar Lemos, Erica Oliveira Almeida, Laélia Cristina Caseiro Vicente, and Antonio Lúcio Teixeira. "Frequência e fatores associado à disfagia após acidente vascular cerebral." CoDAS 28, no. 1 (February 2016): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20162015072.
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RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a frequência de disfagia em pacientes acometidos por acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e investigar possíveis fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos associados. Método: Trata-se de estudo descritivo do tipo transversal em que foram avaliados 100 pacientes admitidos com o diagnóstico de AVC no Hospital Público Regional de Minas Gerais. Dados sociodemográficos e clínicos foram obtidos, e os pacientes, submetidos à avaliação clínica da deglutição por meio da escala Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS). Resultados: A frequência da disfagia foi de 50%, sendo que a maioria dos pacientes apresentou alteração grave da deglutição. Apenas história pregressa de AVC mostrou associação com disfagia (p=0,02). Outras variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas não se associaram com disfagia, indicando que a localização e a fisiopatologia do AVC não influenciaram sua ocorrência e gravidade. Conclusão: A frequência de disfagia após o AVC é elevada, sendo o histórico de AVC importante fator de risco.
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Pauli, Eglon, Marinês Tambara Leite, Larissa Bornholdt, Leila Mariza Hildebrandt, Sandra Da Silva Kinalski, and Margrid Beuter. "O viver de idosos após o acidente vascular cerebral." Revista de Enfermagem da UFSM 10 (May 7, 2020): e29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179769239070.
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Objetivo: compreender o viver de idosos após a ocorrência de um Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC). Método: investigação qualitativa e descritiva. Dados coletados entre janeiro e março de 2018 em três Estratégias de Saúde da Família (ESF), por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com idosos, vítimas de AVC, cujas informações foram analisadas conforme análise temática. Resultados: os dados permitiram construir três categorias: modificações funcionais e sociais na vida de idosos após a ocorrência do AVC; o (des)cuidado após o AVC no entendimento da pessoa idosa; e perspectivas de futuro da pessoa idosa após a ocorrência do AVC. A assistência imediata e resolutiva na instituição hospitalar, o acompanhamento da ESF e o envolvimento familiar são fundamentais para a reabilitação da pessoa idosa. Considerações finais: os resultados permitiram compreender o viver de idosos, que apresentaram mudanças em seu cotidiano após a ocorrência do AVC, com diferentes graus de comprometimentos físicos e psíquicos.
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Rodrigues, Ana Clara Padilha, Heloísa Helena dos Santos Barbosa Corrêa, Rayssa Santos de Abreu, Paulo Roberto Ferreira Machado, Josiana Araújo de Oliveira, Vladimir Chaves Fernandes, Tânia Catarina Sobral Soares, and Elson Santos de Oliveira. "O Reconhecimento dos Sinais e Sintomas do Acidente Vascular Cerebral por Universitários: uma Revisão Integrativa." Saúde Coletiva (Barueri) 14, no. 92 (January 27, 2025): 14052–63. https://doi.org/10.36489/saudecoletiva.2024v14i92p14052-14063.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é uma condição clínica grave com alta morbimortalidade global e nacional, ultrapassando o infarto como principal causa de mortes. O número de óbitos no Brasil devido ao AVC tem aumentado progressivamente, com 50.133 casos até agosto de 2024. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo visa investigar o nível de conhecimento do público universitário sobre os sinais e sintomas do AVC MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa de Literatura norteada pela seguinte questão: “O público universitário sabe reconhecer os sinais e sintomas do AVC?” RESULTADOS: Os estudos evidenciaram que os estudantes da área da saúde apresentaram melhor desempenho nos questionários, bem como um déficit no reconhecimento dos sinais e sintomas menos específicos do AVC. CONCLUSÃO: Identificou- se a necessidade da organização de estratégias educacionais para atingir o público leigo universitário a fim de conscientizar sobre a relevância do AVC para além dos profissionais de saúde.
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Cabral, Norberto L., Dalton Volpato, Tatiana Rosa Ogata, Tenille Ramirez, Carla Moro, and Sergio Gouveia. "Fibrilação atrial crônica, AVC e anticoagulação: sub-uso de warfarina ?" Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 62, no. 4 (December 2004): 1016–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2004000600016.
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OBJETIVO: Correlacionar acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) cardioembólico em portadores de fibrilação atrial (FA) crônica não valvular, potencialmente evitáveis, previamente acompanhados por cardiologistas, sem restrições ao uso da warfarina, com o grau de absorção das recomendações e limitações publicadas sobre anticoagulação e FA. MÉTODO: Registramos prospectivamente todos os casos de AVC internados em dois hospitais de Joinville.Na presença de FA, foi questionado aos pacientes se sabiam da existência da arritmia, freqüência de visitas a cardiologistas e uso prévio de warfarina. Posteriormente aplicamos um questionário transversal a 11 cardiologistas sobre o FA, anticoagulação e AVC. RESULTADOS: Entre 167 pacientes com AVC, 22 tinham FA prévia e AVC isquêmico. Destes, 15 tinham consultado previamente um cardiologista. Nove pacientes faleceram, sete tiveram alta anticoagulados e seis não receberam warfarina. O questionário evidenciou que 91% dos colegas conheciam as recomendações publicadas, mas somente 54 % deles consideravam-nas aplicáveis para pacientes do serviço público. CONCLUSÃO: A anticoagulação na FA reduz 68% o risco relativo para AVC/ano. Logo, 11 dos 22 pacientes poderiam ter evitado o evento. Extrapolando a incidência em 1997 e a população atual, podemos considerar que 4% de todos os AVC por ano em Joinville são potencialmente evitáveis.
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Nascimento, Ana Laura Silva, Emanuelly Ledo Silva, Camila Rafaely Schmidt Machado, Caroline Medeiros Carminatti, and Edvaldo José Rodrigues Cardoso. "AVC isquêmico na mulher jovem antes e depois da pandemia da COVID-19." Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo 16, no. 12 Edição Especial (December 20, 2024): e6504. https://doi.org/10.55905/cuadv16n12-042.
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O acidente vascular encefálico (AVC) é uma condição grave que altera o fluxo sanguíneo para o encéfalo, resultando em danos teciduais. O AVC pode ser isquêmico ou hemorrágico. Embora a incidência seja maior em idosos, mulheres jovens estão sujeitas a fatores específicos que podem incrementar esse risco, como o uso de anticoncepcionais orais (ACO) e a gravidez. Estudos estabeleceram um paralelo entre a pandemia da COVID-19 e a possível alteração na incidência de AVC isquêmico, pois o coronavírus induz um estado protrombótico e hiperinflamatório responsável por aumentar a produção de proteínas pró-inflamatórias, caracterizando a tríade de Virchow: disfunção endotelial, estase venosa e hipercoagulabilidade sanguínea, o que favorece a trombose. Em mulheres jovens, a combinação dos fatores de risco específicos com a COVID-19 pode ter intensificado a predisposição ao AVC isquêmico. Entretanto, na pandemia, por conta do receio que as pessoas tinham de deixar as suas residências e procurar os hospitais, houve uma queda no número de diagnósticos precoces de AVC o que contribuiu para o agravamento dos casos. Nesse contexto, este trabalho visa analisar as principais causas de AVC nesse grupo, além de verificar as bibliografias que abordam essa associação entre o AVC e a pandemia.
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Sá, Barbara Passos de, Magali TQ Grave, and Eduardo Périco. "Perfil de pacientes internados por Acidente Vascular Cerebral em hospital do Vale do Taquari/RS." Revista Neurociências 22, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2014.v22.8077.
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Objetivo. O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o perfil de pacientes com Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) internados via Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em hospital de médio porte do Vale do Taquari/RS entre 2010 a 2013. Método. Pesquisa causal, quantitativa, descritiva, transversal de censo, realizada através da coleta de dados dos prontuários de internações por AVC, considerando-se o tipo, principais doenças associadas, faixa etária acometida, manifestações clínicas e tempo de internação. Para análise estatística foi utilizada a correlação de Spearman e o teste de Qui-Quadrado. Resultados. Foram identificados 125 pacientes com diagnóstico de AVC, dos quais 6,4% com Ataque Isquêmico Transitório, 78,4% com AVC Isquêmico e 15,2% com AVC Hemorrágico, sendo 50,4% do sexo feminino e 49,6% do sexo masculino. Entre as principais doenças associadas destacam-se Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica, Diabetes Mellitus e Insuficiência Cardíaca Congestiva. Conclusões. Observou-se maior incidência do AVC isquêmico, sendo a principal sequela motora a hemiplegia esquerda, não havendo diferenciação de sexo dos pacientes acometidos.
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Pizzol, Fernanda Laís Fengler Dal, Laura Fonseca Vieira, Carla Cristiane Becker Kottwitz Bierhals, Karina de Oliveira Azzolin, Lisiane Manganelli Girardi Paskulin, Gail Low, Ninon Girardon da Rosa, and Amália de Fátima Lucena. "Relationship between elderly stroke patient caregivers scale and nursing diagnoses." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 72, suppl 2 (2019): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0787.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To describe relationships between the ECPICID-AVC scale factors and the NANDA-I domains, classes, and Nursing Diagnoses (NDs). Method: Cross-mapping study between the NANDA-I taxonomy and ECPICID-AVC scale was constructed based on the eight ECPICID-AVC scale factors and the 13 NANDA-I domains. A descriptive analysis was performed to present the mapped elements. Results: Areas of similarity and intersection were found between the eight ECPICID-AVC factors and nine NANDA-I domains, 19 classes, and 72 NDs. All scale factors were mapped with the Domain 1/Health Promotion, Class 2/Health Management and the ND “Frail elderly syndrome”. Final considerations: The ECPICID-AVC scale factors were mapped with nine domains, their classes and diagnoses. This study demonstrates the importance of identifying nursing diagnoses and their relationship with factors that evaluate caregiving capacity. The ECPICID-AVC can help nurses generate nursing diagnoses regarding the caregiver’s needs and their capacities related to care to focus such needs.
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Nogueira Bombig, Maria Teresa, Yoná Afonso Francisco, and Henrique Tria Bianco. "ACIDENTE VASCULAR CEREBRAL E HIPERTENSÃO: RELAÇÃO, METAS E RECORRÊNCIA." Revista Brasileira de Hipertensão 28, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47870/1519-7522/20212803232-7.
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O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é uma das principais causas de morte, incapacidade e demência. A hipertensão arterial (HA) é o principal fator de risco para o AVC isquêmico ou hemorrágico demonstrando uma relação direta com os níveis pressóricos. O manejo da pressão arterial (PA) em adultos com AVC é complexo e desafiador devido a suas causas heterogêneas e suas consequências hemodinâmicas. Serão discutidas as recomendações de diretrizes no manuseio da HA na vigência de um AVC agudo, na prevenção e na recorrência.
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Raja, G. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF H.264/AVC DEBLOCKING FILTER FOR 720P HIGH DEFINITION VIDEO." Nucleus 48, no. 4 (October 13, 2011): 279–85. https://doi.org/10.71330/thenucleus.2011.821.
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High definition Video (HDV) is increasingly becoming common feature in video display devices as it provides superior level of details in comparison to standard video. Latest video compression standard, H.264/AVC can be used for storage and efficient transmission over network. However, blocking artifacts are introduced due to loss of correlation between blocks during compression process. H.264/AVC employs deblocking filter to suppress these blocking artifacts. This paper provides performance evaluation of H.264/AVC deblocking filter for 720p high definition video. Various simulations by using different 720p video sequences are conducted to check the efficiency of H.264/AVC deblocking filter. Simulation results show that H.264/AVC deblocking filter can enhance the perceptual quality of 720p video by suppressing the blocking artifacts.
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Gomes, Debora Carneiro, Carlos Natanael Chagas Alves, Ana Virgínia Marques da Costa, Lucas Erick Feijó Martins, Gabriele Marques de Albuquerque, Francisco Marcelo Alves Braga Filho, Francisca Maria Aleudinelia Monte Cunha, Francisca Rocha Carneiro Liberato, Germana Greicy de Vasconcelos, and Ana Kamila Teófilo Gomes Bezerra. "APLICABILIDADE DO USO DA REALIDADE VIRTUAL EM PACIENTES COM SEQUELAS DE ACIDENTE VASCULAR CEREBRAL." Revista ft 28, no. 139 (October 28, 2024): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.69849/revistaft/ra10202410281936.
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O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é uma das doenças neurológicas mais comum em todo mundo e é responsável por quase um terço das mortes, sendo a segunda doença mais fatal. O AVC é causado devido ao impedimento do fluxo sanguíneo no cérebro e existem dois tipos principais sendo eles o isquêmico e o hemorrágico e existe outra classe de AVC que é o Ataque Isquêmico Transitório (AIT), destes o AVC isquêmico é o mais comum. O prognóstico da doença dependerá das complicações causadas, onde os pacientes que sofreram com essa doença sofrem com limitações funcionais nos membros superiores e inferiores. No Brasil, de 2023 a agosto de 2024 tiveram 318.059 casos de AVC das idades de 15 a mais de 80 anos e no Ceará tiveram 12.160. A reabilitação do AVC tem por objetivo primordial ajudar o paciente ao retorno das suas atividades e a sociedade e por isso, é necessário compreender a gravidade do AVC para reduzir as incapacidades ocasionadas pela doença. A realidade virtual é uma forma terapêutica que oferece de forma digital oportunidades práticas de um ambiente realista que se assemelha com objetos e eventos reais, levando ao paciente a interagir com múltiplos estímulos por meio de sistemas visuais, auditivos, táteis e somatossensoriais. O uso da realidade virtual em pacientes com sequelas de AVC pode ser benéfico para a melhora da função motora de membros superiores e inferiores e na recuperação cognitiva do paciente, além de atuar na neuroplasticidade.
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Garweg, C., S. K. Khelae, J. Y. S. Chan, L. Chinitz, P. Ritter, J. B. Johansen, V. Sagi, et al. "298Atrioventricular synchronous pacing in leadless ventricular pacemaker is safe and effective in patients with paroxysmal AV block and atrial arrhythmias." EP Europace 22, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euaa162.288.
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Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Medtronic, Inc. Background/Introduction Accelerometer (ACC)-based AV synchronous pacing by tracking atrial activity is feasible using a leadless ventricular pacemaker. Patients may experience variable AV conduction (AVC) and/or atrial arrhythmias during the lifetime of their device. ACC-based AV synchronous pacing should facilitate AVC and pace appropriately in those two common rhythms. Purpose To characterize the behavior of ACC-based AV synchronous pacing algorithms during paroxysmal AV block (AVB) and atrial arrhythmias. Methods The MARVEL2 (Micra Atrial tRacking using a Ventricular accELerometer) was a 5-hour acute study to assess the efficacy of atrial tracking with a temporarily downloaded algorithm into a Micra leadless pacemaker. Patients with a history of AVB were eligible for inclusion. The MARVEL2 algorithm included a mode-switching algorithm that switched between VDD and VVI-40 depending upon AVC status. The AVC algorithm requires 2 ventricular paces (VP) at 40 bpm out of 4 pacing cycles to switch to VDD. Results Overall, 75 patients (age 77.5 ± 11.8 years, 40% female, median time from Micra implant 9.7 months) from 12 centers worldwide were enrolled. During study procedures, 40 patients (53%) had normal sinus rhythm with complete AVB, 18 (24%) had 1:1 AVC, 5 (7%) had varying AVC status, 8 (11%) had atrial arrhythmias, and 2 other rhythms. Two patients with complete AVB had the AVC mode switch feature disabled due to an idioventricular rate >40 bpm. Among the 40 subjects with a predominant 3rd degree AVB and normal sinus function the median %VP was 99.9% compared to 0.2% among those with 1:1 AVC (Figure). In the patients with 1:1 AVC, there were 64 opportunities to AVC mode switch with 48 switching to VDI-40. In the other 16 cases (2 patients) the mode remained VDD due to sinus bradycardia varying between 40-45 bpm. High %VP was observed in 2 patients with 1:1 AVC and sinus bradycardia <40 bpm. The AVC mode switch minimized %VP (<1%) in patients with PR intervals > 300 ms (N = 2). Among patients with varying AVC, the algorithm appropriately switched to VDD when the ventricular rate was paced at 40 bpm. During infrequent AVB or AF with ventricular response >40 bpm, VVI-40 mode was maintained. In patients with AF, the ACC signal was of low amplitude and there was infrequent sensing, resulting in VP at the lower rate (50 bpm). In the one patient with atrial flutter, the ACC was intermittently detected, resulting in VP at 67 bpm (IQR 66-67 bpm). Conclusion(s) The mode switching algorithm in the MARVEL2 reduced %VP in patients with 1:1 AVC and appropriately switched to VDD during complete AVB. If greater AV synchrony or rate support is required, disabling the AVC algorithm may be appropriate for low grade AVB or idioventricular rhythms. In the presence of atrial arrhythmias, the algorithm paced near the lower rate. Abstract Figure. Distribution of VP% by heart rhythm
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Galas, Anna, Ilona Michalowska, Cezary Kepka, Elzbieta Abramczuk, Ewa Orlowska-Baranowska, and Tomasz Hryniewiecki. "Abstract 15016: Calcifications of Aortic Valve, Coronary Arteries and Aorta in 500 Consecutive Patients." Circulation 132, suppl_3 (November 10, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.15016.
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Introduction: Diseases presenting with cardiac and vascular calcification are well known and a variety of diagnostic modalities enable detection of calcifications. However, the relationship between calcification of arteries and the aortic valve together with corresponding pathophysiological processes have not been yet unequivocally elucidated. Purposes of the study: An assessment of correlation between presence and severity of calcifications in the aortic valve, coronary arteries, aorta and influence of cardiovascular disease risk factors on prevalence of calcifications in this locations. Material and Methods: The study included consecutive patients over 60 years of age referred for computed tomography imaging of coronary artery disease. A total number of included patients reached 500 subjects. Besides coronary artery calcification (CAC), we evaluated aortic valve calcification (AVC) and ascending aorta calcification (AAC). Computed tomography examinations were performed with a dual-source, 64-slice scanner. Exclusion criteria encompassed: diagnosed aortic valve disease, history of coronary artery angioplasty, bypass grafting or heart valve surgery. Results: AVC was diagnosed in 163 patients (32.6%). Prevalence of CAC and AAC was higher than AVC and amounted to 78.8% and 59.8%, respectively. Aortic valve calcification was more often observed in men than women. Degree of AVC severity was significantly lesser than that of CAC and AAC (p=0.0001, p=0.0001). In our study population, we did not find a significant dependence between presence and severity of AVC and CAC or AAC. However, we did observe a statistically significant relationship between presence and severity of CAC and AAC. In contrast to coronary arteries and the aorta, we did not find significantly increased prevalence of AVC among patients with arterial hypertension, dyslipidemias, diabetes, smokers or patients with elevated BMI. Only sex and age exerted significant influence on development of AVC. Conclusions: Despite some similarities between the process of aortic valve calcification and that involving coronary arteries and aorta, these phenomena are not interrelated. It seems that process of calcification of the aortic valve is significantly different from atherosclerosis.
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Dorenbos, G. "How fork-length asymmetry affects solvent connectivity and diffusion in grafted polymeric model membranes." Journal of Chemical Physics 160, no. 6 (February 8, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0193120.
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The hydrophilic pore morphology and solvent diffusion within model (amphiphilic) polymer membranes are simulated by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD). The polymers are composed of a backbone of 18 covalently bonded A beads to which at regular intervals side chains are attached. The side chains are composed of linear Ap chains (i.e., –A1–A2…Ap) from which two branches, [AsC] and [ArC], split off (s ≤ r). C beads serve as functionalized hydrophilic pendent sites. The branch lengths (s + 1 and r + 1) are varied. Five repeat unit designs (with general formula A3[Ap[AsC][ArC]]) are considered: A2[A3C][A3C] (symmetric branching), A2[A2C][A4C], A2[AC][A5C], A2[C][A6C] (highly asymmetric branching), and A4[AC][A3C]. The distribution of water (W) and W diffusion through nanophase segregated hydrophilic pores is studied. For similar primary length p, an increase in side chain symmetry favors hydrophilic pore connectivity and long-range water transport. C beads located on the longer [ArC] branches reveal the highest C bead mobility and are more strongly associated with water than the C beads on the shorter [AsC] branches. The connectivity of hydrophilic (W and W + C) phases through mapped replica of selected snapshots obtained from Monte Carlo tracer diffusion simulations is in line with trends found from the W bead diffusivities during DPD simulations. The diffusive pathways for protons (H+) in proton exchange membranes and for hydronium (OH−) in anion exchange membranes are the same as for solvents. Therefore, control of the side chain architecture is an interesting design parameter for optimizing membrane conductivities.
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Mousavi, Roya Anahita, Gudrun Lamm, Maximilian Will, Philipp Hoebart, Andreas Kammerlander, Nikolaus Voith, Konstantin Schwarz, et al. "Abstract 12696: Association Between Aortic Valve Calcification and Aortic Valve Size in Patients With Severe High Gradient Aortic Stenosis." Circulation 148, Suppl_1 (November 7, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.148.suppl_1.12696.
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Introduction: It is known that women require less aortic valve calcification (AVC) to develop severe aortic stenosis (AS) than men. Thus, gender specific AVC thresholds for the diagnosis of severe AS are recommended by the ACC/AHA guidelines. However, it is also known that women have smaller hearts and aortic valves (AV) than men. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that AVC is associated with AV size independently from sex. Methods: Consecutive patients with severe high gradient AS who underwent cardiac computed tomography (CT) were included in our study. AV annulus area and AVC assessed with the Agatston score were measured in CT. Linear regression model adjusted for age and sex as well as spearman correlation analysis were performed. Results: 437 patients with severe high gradient AS (mean age 80±6 years, 47% female) were included. Significant differences in AVC (3363 [2582-4398] AU vs. 1984 [1354-2856] AU, p<0.001) and AV annulus area (509 ± 75 mm 2 vs. 408 ± 67 mm 2 , p<0.001) between men and women were found. We observed a significant correlation of AV annulus area with AVC (r=0.6, p<0.001). On multivariate regression AV annulus area was significantly associated with the Agatston score (β=7.5, p<0.001). Furthermore, separate regression analyses for men and women confirmed the significant association of AV annulus area with AVC independent from sex (β (men) =7.0, p<0.001; β (women) =8.2, p<0.001). Conclusions: In patients with severe high gradient AS AV annulus area is associated with AVC independent from sex. Thus, an indexation of AVC thresholds to AV size should be applied rather than using fixed sex-dependent AVC cut-offs for the definition of severe AS.
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Wang, Raymond Kong, Kenneth Kwong, Kevin Liu, and Xue-Jun Kong. "New eye tracking metrics system: the value in early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder." Frontiers in Psychiatry 15 (December 11, 2024). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1518180.
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BackgroundEye tracking (ET) is emerging as a promising early and objective screening method for autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but it requires more reliable metrics with enhanced sensitivity and specificity for clinical use.MethodsThis study introduces a suite of novel ET metrics: Area of Interest (AOI) Switch Counts (ASC), Favorable AOI Shifts (FAS) along self-determined pathways, and AOI Vacancy Counts (AVC), applied to toddlers and preschoolers diagnosed with ASD. The correlation between these new ET metrics and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) scores via linear regression and sensitivity and specificity of the cut-off scores were assessed to predict diagnosis.ResultsOur findings indicate significantly lower FAS and ASC and higher AVC (P<0.05) in children with ASD compared to their non-ASD counterparts within this high-risk cohort; the significance was not seen in total fixation time neither pupil size (p > 0.05). Furthermore, FAS was negatively correlated with ADOS-2 total scores and social affect (SA) subscale (p < 0.05). Among these new ET metrics, AVC yielded the best sensitivity 88-100% and specificity 80-88% with cut off score 0.305-0.306, followed by FAS and ASC to separate ASD from non-ASD for diagnosis.ConclusionsThis study confirms the utility of innovative ET metrics—FAS, AVC, and ASC—which exhibit markedly improved sensitivity and specificity, enhancing ASD screening and diagnostic processes.
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"AVC." Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 52 (October 2009): e65-e71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2009.07.014.
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Wada, Shinichi, Yoshitaka Iwanaga, Michikazu Nakai, Yoshihiro Miyamoto, and Teruo Noguchi. "Abstract TP182: Relationship Between Cardiovascular Calcification And Stroke Incidence." Stroke 54, Suppl_1 (February 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.54.suppl_1.tp182.
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Purpose: To assess the relationship between cardiovascular calcifications including coronary artery (CAC), aortic valve (AVC), and aortic root (ARC) and stroke incidence in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: In the multicenter prospective cohort study, 1187 patients with suspicious of CAD who underwent coronary computed tomography were registered. Cardiovascular events were recorded with prospective follow-up. Cox proportional hazard model with adjustment for total points of Framingham risk score composed with age, sex, total-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes mellitus and smoking were conducted. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Results: A total of 980 patients (mean age, 65 ± 7 years; female, 45.8%) with assessment of CAC, AVC and ARC Agatston scores were analyzed. During a median follow-up of 4.0 years), 19 patients developed stroke and 67 developed cardiac events. Cox proportional hazard analyses showed CAC or AVC Agatston scores were significantly associated with incidence of stroke (Agatston score [/+100 points], HR 1.09 [95% CI: 1.06-1.13], and HR 1.09 [95%CI: 1.05-1.13], respectively). In contrast, CAC or ARC Agatston scores were associated with incidence of cardiac events (Agatston score [/+100 points], HR 1.07 [95%CI: 1.05-1.10], and HR 1.04 [95%CI: 1.02-1.07], respectively). Conclusion: Although higher CAC Agatston scores were significantly associated with incidence of both stroke and cardiac events, higher AVC and ARC were associated with incidence of stroke and cardiac events, respectively.
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Jenkins, William S., Louis Simard, Jérome Hourdain, Marie-Annick Clavel, and Maurice Enriquez-Sarano. "Abstract 12227: New Insights Into Calcification and Aortic Stenosis Using 4-dimensional Computed Tomography." Circulation 134, suppl_1 (November 11, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.134.suppl_1.12227.
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Background: Aortic Valve Calcification (AVC) is intrinsic to aortic stenosis (AS). While established concepts assume homogeneous calcification causing AS, wide variability in hemodynamic severity at any given AVC burden suggests other operative mechanisms. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) now accurately measures global AVC, but AVC spatial distribution remains elusive due to imaging orientation. Methods and Results: We developed ‘en-face’ imaging by re-registration of 4D-MDCT to quantify AVC spatial distribution and analyzed global AVC load and AVC distribution in 418 patients with AS (76±9 years; mean gradient 35±17 mmHg). 4D-volume-rendered MDCT datasets were re-oriented to en-face view of aortic valve for AVC spatial scoring with individual cusp calcification load, cusp-edge calcification and AVC asymmetry. Despite high total AVC load (450 [250-666] AU/cm 2 ), asymmetry was frequent (50%), with a difference between most- and least-calcified cusp of 112 [66-182] AU/cm 2 . Maximum AVC was in the non-coronary cusp in 61% (p<0.001). Cusp edge calcification was none-mild in 26%, moderate in 62% and severe in 12%. Adjusting for total AVC, severe AS (mean gradient >40 mmHg) was more likely with symmetrical AVC (odds ratio [OR] 2.36, p<0.001) and with edge calcification moderate (OR 4.16, p=0.001 vs none-mild) to severe (OR 10.7, p=0.001). Inclusion of AVC distribution improved models predicting AS severity over total AVC (p<0.001). Conclusions: Four-dimensional MDCT en-face re-registration and AVC quantitation provides new insight into AS pathophysiology. Contrary to classical concepts, AVC is frequently inhomogeneous and asymmetric. Hemodynamic AS severity is independently affected not only by global AVC but also by variations in AVC distribution and location within cusps, emphasizing the importance of 4D AVC assessment in AS. Impact of quantified AVC asymmetry and location on outcome of transcutaneous aortic valve replacement should be evaluated.
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Marrero, Natalie, Kunal Jha, Jelani Grant, Alexander Razavi, Matthew Budoff, Sanjiv Shah, Roger Blumenthal, et al. "Abstract 4117772: Age-Related Differences in Aortic Valve Calcium Progression and the Risk for Aortic Stenosis: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis." Circulation 150, Suppl_1 (November 12, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.150.suppl_1.4117772.
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Background: Aortic valve calcium (AVC) is strongly associated with an increased risk for severe aortic stenosis (AS). The prevalence of AVC increases with age affecting 40-50% of individuals ≥80 years. The impact of age on the progression of AVC and its association with incident AS remains unknown. Methods: Our study included 6,810 participants (52.9% women) free of cardiovascular disease between ages 45 and 84 from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. AVC was measured using non-contrast cardiac CT at Visit 1. Progression was calculated as the change in AVC divided by years between CT scans with up to 10 years between scans. Long term incident AS was adjudicated using medical chart review and echocardiogram data from Visit 6 with a median follow up of 16 years. Multivariable adjusted 1) linear regression was used to examine AVC progression and 2) multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards ratios (HR) were used to examine the association of AVC with incident AS. Results: The prevalence of AVC >0 was 4.9% among participants <65 and 23.2% for those ≥65 years old. Among participants with AVC >0, the median AVC was 34.1 (IQR 13-1,113) for participants <65 versus 69.0 (IQR 23-2,453) for participants ≥65. Participants <65 years and ≥65 years had no significant difference in median annualized AVC progression within the baseline AVC categories of 1-99 (10 versus 12 AU/year, p=0.303) and AVC >100 (50 versus 47 AU/year, p=0.846) ( Figure 1 ). Overall, linear regression models showed older age was associated with greater AVC progression (p=0.001), but after additional adjustment for baseline AVC, the association became non-significant (p=0.134). AVC >0 was associated with significantly increased risk of incident AS for both younger (HR 13.37; 95% CI 5.67-31.52) and older participants (HR 10.59, 95% CI 6.77-16.56). Conclusion: We observed a similar progression of AVC for younger versus older persons after adjusting for baseline AVC burden. Additionally, AVC >0 independently conferred at least a ten-fold higher risk for severe AS among both younger and older participants. These findings demonstrate that the AVC progression is primarily associated with baseline AVC burden and that AVC is a strong marker of risk for severe AS for both younger and older persons.
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Kaiser, Y., J. E. Van Der Toorn, K. H. Zheng, M. Kavousi, M. W. Vernooij, E. J. G. Sijbrands, S. M. Boekholdt, E. S. G. Stroes, Y. B. De Rijke, and D. Bos. "Lipoprotein(a) is associated with incidence but not progression of aortic valve calcium." European Heart Journal 42, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1682.
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Abstract Background Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has been implicated in the etiology of aortic valve stenosis. Although Lp(a) is strongly associated with the presence of aortic valve calcium (AVC), there are no data evaluating the relationship of Lp(a) with AVC incidence and AVC progression. Purpose To assess whether high Lp(a) levels are associated with AVC incidence and progression. Methods In 922 individuals from the population-based Rotterdam Study (mean age 66.0±4.2 years, 47.7% men) for whom Lp(a) measurements were available, non-enhanced cardiac CT imaging was performed at baseline and after a median follow-up of 14.0 [13.9–14.2] years. AVC incidence was defined as an AVC score >0 on the second scan, in absence of AVC on the first scan. We performed logistic regression analyses to evaluate the relationship of Lp(a) with AVC incidence and linear regression analyses to assess the relationship between Lp(a) and AVC progression. All analyses were corrected for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, use of lipid-lowering medication, and hypertension. Additionally, we analyzed the progression conditional on the baseline AVC-score. Results Of the 702 (76.1%) individuals without AVC at baseline, 415 (59.1%) showed incident AVC at follow-up. The 220 (23.9%) individuals with AVC on baseline had a median AVC score of 52 [15–131], with a median yearly progression of 13 [5–38]. Lp(a) concentration was independently associated with AVC incidence (OR 1.32 for each 105 nmol/L Lp(a) increase; 95% CI: 1.03–1.68), but not with AVC progression (β −4.3 AU/year for each 105 nmol/L Lp(a) increase; 95% CI: −12.3–3.7). Conclusions Lp(a) is associated with AVC incidence but not AVC progression, suggesting that Lp(a)-lowering interventions may be futile after AVC has been established. Future studies should focus on whether Lp(a) lowering interventions can prevent the development of AVC in high-risk individuals. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): The Rotterdam Study is supported by Erasmus MC and Erasmus University Rotterdam and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
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Kaiser, Yannick, Janine E. van der Toorn, Sunny S. Singh, Kang H. Zheng, Maryam Kavousi, Eric J. G. Sijbrands, Erik S. G. Stroes, et al. "Lipoprotein(a) is associated with the onset but not the progression of aortic valve calcification." European Heart Journal, July 23, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac377.
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Abstract Aim Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a potential causal factor in the pathogenesis of aortic valve disease. However, the relationship of Lp(a) with new onset and progression of aortic valve calcium (AVC) has not been studied. The purpose of the study was to assess whether high serum levels of Lp(a) are associated with AVC incidence and progression. Methods and results A total of 922 individuals from the population-based Rotterdam Study (mean age 66.0±4.2 years, 47.7% men), whose Lp(a) measurements were available, underwent non-enhanced cardiac computed tomography imaging at baseline and after a median follow-up of 14.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 13.9–14.2] years. New-onset AVC was defined as an AVC score >0 on the follow-up scan in the absence of AVC on the first scan. Progression was defined as the absolute difference in AVC score between the baseline and follow-up scan. Logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship of Lp(a) with baseline, new onset, and progression of AVC. All analyses were corrected for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and creatinine. AVC progression was analysed conditional on baseline AVC score expressed as restricted cubic splines. Of the 702 individuals without AVC at baseline, 415 (59.1%) developed new-onset AVC on the follow-up scan. In those with baseline AVC, median annual progression was 13.5 (IQR = 5.2–37.8) Agatston units (AU). Lipoprotein(a) concentration was independently associated with baseline AVC [odds ratio (OR) 1.43 for each 50 mg/dL higher Lp(a); 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–1.79] and new-onset AVC (OR 1.30 for each 50 mg/dL higher Lp(a); 95% CI 1.02–1.65), but not with AVC progression (β: −71 AU for each 50 mg/dL higher Lp(a); 95% CI −117; 35). Only baseline AVC score was significantly associated with AVC progression (P < 0.001). Conclusion In the population-based Rotterdam Study, Lp(a) is robustly associated with baseline and new-onset AVC but not with AVC progression, suggesting that Lp(a)-lowering interventions may be most effective in pre-calcific stages of aortic valve disease.
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"AVC (1) : plan AVC en France (table ronde)." Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 56 (October 2013): e40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2013.07.003.
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Ahmad, Syed, HangYu Watson, Maan Awad, Kunal Patel, Sameh Nassar, Harshith Thyagaturu, Sudarshan Balla, Mohammad Kawsara, Ramesh Daggubati, and Irfan Zeb. "Abstract 4140136: Aortic Valve Calcification Density Performs Better Compared to Absolute Aortic Valve Calcification in Aortic Stenosis Risk Stratification." Circulation 150, Suppl_1 (November 12, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.150.suppl_1.4140136.
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Aortic valve calcification (AVC) scores can be used to stratify aortic stenosis (AS) severity. Current practice guidelines recommend use of absolute AVC scores without considering body surface area or aortic annulus size. We investigated whether size variation in aortic annular area should be considered in identifying optimal AVC cutoffs for patients with severe AS. This was a retrospective analysis of AS patients that underwent AVC assessment during 2018-2023. Outcomes were composite of valve intervention or all-cause mortality. AVC density was defined by dividing AVC by echo-derived left ventricular tract area. Receiver operator curve analysis determined optimal AVC density scores. Absolute AVC cutoffs of >1200AU for females and >2000AU for males were used to identify severe AS. The study included 749 patients (mean age 78 years, 46% female). Median CT-annulus area was larger for males compared with females (532mm 2 [Q1, Q3: 479, 582] vs. 413mm 2 [370, 458], p<0.001). There was a strong association of absolute AVC with CT-annulus area for both males and females (Spearman coefficient: 0.87 and 0.83, p<0.01 each) respectively (Figure 1). The optimal AVC density cutoffs for males and females were 427 and 326, respectively (accuracy 76%, sensitivity 83%, specificity 51%). Composite outcomes were better differentiated with AVC density (males: HR 2.48, 95% CI: 1.82-3.37, p<0.001; females: HR 2.37 (1.71-3.28), p<0.001) compared with absolute AVC scores (males: HR 1.81 (1.43-2.30), p<0.001; females: HR 2.11 (1.62-2.74), p<0.001) (Figure 2). AVC is strongly associated with CT-annulus area and risk stratification is improved with the use of AVC density compared with absolute AVC. This may be especially helpful in patients with extremes of annulus area sizes.