Academic literature on the topic 'Ave - Habitat'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ave - Habitat"
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Graham, Catherine. "Habitat Selection and Activity Budgets of Keel-Billed Toucans at the Landscape Level." Condor 103, no. 4 (November 1, 2001): 776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/103.4.776.
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Abstract Landscape-level behavioral information is needed to understand factors that underlie animal distributions in disturbed habitats. I examined habitat use and activity budgets of Keel-billed Toucans (Ramphastos sulfuratus) in a pasture-dominated landscape in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. The objectives were to compare habitat selection at two scales, and to describe activity budgets of toucans with an emphasis on how behavior varied by habitat type. Six toucans were followed between January and July 1998 for a total of 349 hr. I noted behavior, bird location, and habitat type. At one spatial scale, birds' individual movement area was a nonrandom portion of the overall study area. When time spent in habitats by individual toucans was compared to habitat available in individual movement areas, habitat selection was also nonrandom. Forest remnants were preferred at both scales. Toucans spent approximately equal time foraging and perching (35–40%). Calling, preening, and social interactions each occupied 10% or less of the birds' activity budgets. All activities occurred in similar proportions in all habitat types, suggesting that different habitats provide many of the same resources. Combining individual patterns of habitat selection with activity budgets yields a better understanding of factors that allow populations to persist in disturbed landscapes. Selección de Hábitat y Asignación de Actividades del Tucán Ramphastos sulfuratus a Escala de Paisaje Resumen. Se requieren estudios de comportamiento enfocados a la escala de paisaje para comprender los factores que afectan la distribución de los organismos en hábitats perturbados. Se examinó el uso de hábitat y asignación de actividades del tucán Ramphastos sulfuratus en paisajes dominados por pastizales en Los Tuxtlas, México. Los objetivos fueron comparar la selección de hábitat a dos escalas espaciales y describir la asignación de actividades de los tucanes poniendo énfasis en cómo el comportamiento es afectado por el tipo de hábitat. Seis tucanes fueron seguidos entre enero y julio de 1998 por un total de 349 hr. Registré el comportamiento, la posición del ave, y el tipo de hábitat. A una de las escalas espaciales consideradas, el area individual de movimiento de las aves representó una porción no azarosa del area total de estudio. Cuando el tiempo consumido por individuo en un hábitat determinado fue comparado con el hábitat disponible en las áreas individuales de movimiento, la selección de hábitat difirió de una selección al azar. Los remanentes de selva fueron preferidos a ambas escalas. Los tucanes consumieron aproximadamente el mismo tiempo forrajeando y posados (35–40%). Los llamadas, así como las interacciones sociales ocuparon 10% o menos de la asignación de actividades de las aves. Todas las actividades se llevaron a cabo en proporciones similares en todos los tipos de hábitat. La combinación de patrones individuales de selección de hábitat con la asignación de actividades proporciona una mejor comprensión de los factores que permiten la subsistencia de poblaciones en hábitats perturbados.
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Lloyd, John D., and Thomas E. Martin. "Reproductive Success of Chestnut-Collared Longspurs in Native and Exotic Grassland." Condor 107, no. 2 (May 1, 2005): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.2.363.
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AbstractHabitat loss and fragmentation have been identified as important factors in the decline of grassland bird populations. However, population declines are apparent even in prairie ecosystems that remain relatively intact suggesting that additional factors are involved. The degradation of breeding habitat may be one such factor, but few studies have examined habitat-specific demography of grassland birds, and thus little is known of how changes in breeding habitat may be related to population declines. We addressed this question by comparing reproductive success of Chestnut-collared Longspurs (Calcarius ornatus) in patches of native prairie and in monocultures of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), a grass introduced from Asia. Using recently developed methods for estimating nest survival rate, we found that, independent of habitat type, daily nest survival generally declined from egg laying to fledging. We also found a positive effect of clutch size on nest survival rate, which we interpreted as evidence for individual heterogeneity in nest survival. Finally, we found that the odds of a nest surviving a given day were 17% lower in the exotic habitat, and that nestlings grew more slowly, and had a smaller final mass in the exotic habitat. Despite having lower reproductive success in the exotic habitat, we found no evidence that Chestnut-collared Longspurs preferred to nest in the native habitat. Our results show that the introduction and spread of a commonly planted exotic grass has adverse fitness consequences for a grassland bird, and highlight the importance of maintaining native prairie.Éxito Reproductivo de Calcarius ornatus en Praderas Nativas y ExóticasResumen. La pérdida y fragmentación de hábitat han sido identificados como factores importantes con respecto a la disminución de las poblaciones de aves de pastizales. Sin embargo, las poblaciones están en disminución aún en ecosistemas de pradera relativamente intactos, lo que sugiere que otros factores están involucrados en el proceso. La degradación del hábitat de nidificación podría ser uno de estos factores adicionales, pero pocos estudios han examinado la demografía de aves de pastizales en distintos hábitats. En consecuencia, se conoce muy poco acerca de cómo los cambios en el hábitat podrían estar relacionados con las disminuciones poblacionales. En este estudio abordamos esta pregunta comparando el éxito reproductivo de individuos de la especie Calcarius ornatus en parches de praderas nativas y en monocultivos de Agropyron cristatum, un pasto introducido de Asia. Empleando métodos recientemente desarrollados para estimar la tasa de supervivencia de los nidos, encontramos que independientemente del tipo de hábitat, la supervivencia diaria de los nidos en general disminuyó desde la puesta hasta el momento de emplumamiento de los pichones. También encontramos un efecto positivo del tamaño de la nidada sobre la tasa de supervivencia de los nidos, el cual interpretamos como evidencia de que existe heterogeneidad individual en la supervivencia de los nidos. Finalmente, encontramos que en el ambiente exótico la probabilidad de sobrevivir de un nido durante un día dado fue un 17% menor, los pichones crecieron más lentamente y presentaron una masa final menor. A pesar de presentar un éxito reproductivo menor en el ambiente exótico, no encontramos evidencia de que las aves prefirieran nidificar en el ambiente nativo. Nuestros resultados muestran que la introducción y propagación de un pasto exótico que es plantado con frecuencia tiene efectos adversos sobre la adecuación de un ave de pastizal, y resaltan la importancia de mantener las praderas nativas.
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Gonçalves, Teresa Cristina M., Dayse S. Rocha, and Rodolfo A. Cunha. "Hábito alimentar de Triatoma vitticeps no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil." Revista de Saúde Pública 34, no. 4 (August 2000): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102000000400006.
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OBJETIVO: O estudo do hábito alimentar dos triatomíneos tem contribuído para o conhecimento da sua biologia no habitat natural. Triatoma vitticeps, espécie que vem invadindo freqüentemente o domicílio apresentando-se infectado por T. cruzi, foi analisado sob esse aspecto, possibilitando conhecer a situação epidemiológica da área. MÉTODOS: De fevereiro de 1989 a abril de 1993, 122 espécimes de T. vitticeps foram capturados em duas áreas da localidade de Triunfo, 2° Distrito do Município de Santa Maria Madalena (RJ). Os insetos foram dissecados para a retirada do conteúdo estomacal. Os anti-soros utilizados foram: homem, vaca, cavalo, cão, porco, tatu, gambá, roedor e ave. RESULTADOS: Do total analisado, 79 estavam positivos e 43 negativos para os anti-soros testados: tatu (30,3%) > homem e porco (13,1%) > ave e cão (11,5%) > cavalo (5,7%) > gambá (4,9%) > roedor (4,1%) > boi (3,3%). As fontes alimentares identificadas variaram de 1 a 4 e 6: 0 - 25,41%; 1 - 45,08%; 2 - 10,66%; 3 - 6,56%; 4 - 1,64% e 6 - 0,82%. Quanto à infecção por T. cruzi, 74 espécimes (65,54%) estavam positivos, 39 (34,51%) negativos e 9 não foram examinados. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados caracterizam o hábito silvestre de T. vitticeps e a tripanosomíase como uma enzootia. A vigilância epidemiológica se faz necessária para o acompanhamento do comportamento dessa espécie.
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Costa e Silva, Leticia Da, Denise Fukumi Tsunoda, and Viviane Deslandes. "Mineração de dados: busca de conhecimento sobre a evolução do canto da família Thamnophilidae." AtoZ: novas práticas em informação e conhecimento 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/atoz.v1i1.41284.
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Introdução. Descreve a utilização de uma técnica de mineração de dados sobre o canto, a biologia e o micro-habitat da família Thamnophilidae (Aves) a fim de encontrar padrões que os relacionem. Método. Uma base de dados foi construída em planilha Excel® relacionando 82 espécies da família da ave Thamnophilidae com diversos atributos referentes às características do canto, da biologia e do micro-habitat em que são encontradas. Na análise utilizou-se o algoritmo Apriori no software WEKA 3.7.1. Resultados. Ao associar os diferentes atributos de 82 espécies diferentes considerando o suporte mínimo de 10% e a confiança mínima de 90% foram encontrados 172 padrões, dos quais 42 continham um dos atributos do canto: PC1 e PC2. Os padrões que relacionavam o atributo PC2 foram os mais significativos ao indicar a relação deste com o tamanho e gênero da família. Os resultados colaboraram para gerar a hipótese de que os atributos do canto possuem comportamentos não relacionados. Conclusões. O experimento demonstrou que o algoritmo pode ser melhor aproveitado em bases de dados maiores e/ou cuja padronização dos dados apresente menor número de categorias, o que pode ser uma limitação no campo da macroecologia. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, se mostrou um instrumento alternativo para o estudo exploratório de relações entre diversos atributos, cujos resultados podem servir de objetos de análises mais aprofundadas.
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Mateus, Wagner de Deus, and Maria Inês Gasparetto Higuchi. "Percepções na Conservação da Fauna Silvestre Amazônica em Risco de Extinção." Fronteiras: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science 9, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): 358–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2020v9i1.p358-379.
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Esse trabalho apresenta as percepções da fauna silvestre de moradores das comunidades amazônicas participantes dos programas de conservação do gavião-real (Harpia harpyja) e tracajá (Podocnemis unifilis). A partir da observação sistemática e entrevistas semiestruturadas a pesquisa discute a constituição das percepções na conservação dessas espécies-bandeiras, a partir de processos sociohistóricos e saberes ambientais peculiares em cada comunidade. As percepções sobre o gavião-real se fundamentam na intangibilidade da ave, que os permite ora apreciar sua beleza, e ora temer suas poderosas garras. A conservação se embasa no reconhecimento de sua altivez silvestre e manutenção de seu habitat, mesmo que distante da vida comunitária, caracterizando um comportamento interespecífico. As percepções sobre o tracajá se constituem na sua docilidade, utilidade e função quase doméstica. A conservação se embasa no seu comportamento transespecífico, que o caracteriza como integrante “natural” da comunidade. Para essas pessoas, a percepção da conservação dessas espécies se constitui pela proximidade, conhecimento e experiências.
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Gibson, A. Jamie F., Heather D. Bowlby, and Peter G. Amiro. "Are wild populations ideally distributed? Variations in density-dependent habitat use by age class in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 8 (August 2008): 1667–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-087.
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We examined relationships between abundance and habitat use in three age classes of juvenile Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) in the Stewiacke River, Nova Scotia, Canada. Using stream gradient as a proxy for habitat quality, we used a double half normal function, modified to include density dependence, to model the relationship between habitat quality and fish density. We found that density was asymmetrically distributed around a similar optimum gradient for all three age classes regardless of abundance. Habitat use was highly density-dependent for age-0 and age-1 juveniles, but not for age-2+ salmon. As abundance of age-0 and age-1 salmon increased, their relative density decreased in low-gradient habitat and increased in higher-gradient habitat, although their absolute density increased in all stream gradient categories. Variation in habitat use was consistent with ideal free theory for age-1 juveniles in high-gradient habitat, but not in low-gradient habitat. Age-2+ individuals appeared not to modify their distribution among habitats, even though increasing competition changes the relative benefit of low-gradient habitat in terms of resource acquisition. In contrast, age-1 individuals responded to increased competition by modifying their distribution along the habitat gradient, even though this may have slightly reduced an individual’s potential for growth.
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Mateus, Wagner De Deus, Mariana Baldoino, and Maria Inês Gasparetto Higuchi. "A dimensão participativa na conservação da fauna silvestre amazônica em risco de extinção." Acta Scientiarum. Human and Social Sciences 40, no. 3 (November 27, 2018): 42811. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascihumansoc.v40i3.42811.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever e analisar as percepções de moradores de comunidades amazônicas relativas às formas de inserção e participação nos programas de conservação do gavião-real (Harpia harpyja) e do tracajá (Podocnemis unifilis). A partir da observação sistemática e entrevistas semiestruturadas a pesquisa analisa os constructos que caracterizam a participação dos comunitários na conservação das espécies, de forma direta e indireta. As percepções mostram que a participação na conservação do tracajá se deu de forma direta, onde os comunitários estão inseridos na maioria das etapas do manejo dos quelônios, com prevalência nas atividades não técnicas, mas com atuação protagonista no programa de conservação. A conservação do gavião-real se deu de forma indireta. As pessoas que participavam do programa localizavam-se próximos do local e habitat da ave. Suas participações eram marcadas pela atuação como observadores dos processos técnicos, agentes coadjuvantes. Neste contexto, as externalidades afloraram e deram novos caminhos a forma de atuação na conservação, favorecendo o cenário biocultural. A forma de participação nos dois casos tem relação com as estratégias e estruturas do manejo utilizadas pelos programas, onde o co-manejo é o modelo a ser evidenciado.
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Schulz, Björn, and Sven Büchner. "Populations of Muscardinus avellanarius in north-western Europe can survive in forest poor landscapes, when there are enough hedges (Rodentia: Gliridae)." Lynx new series 49, no. 1 (2018): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lynx-2018-0008.
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The hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) is a strictly arboreal species. In its European lowland range, the forest coverage was heavily reduced during historical times, e.g. down to ca. 4% in the northern German federal state of Schleswig-Holstein in the 18th century. This low forest cover remained for 200 years. According to habitat models, hazel dormice cannot survive in the long-term in habitats with low levels of forest cover (<5–10%). To answer the question, how hazel dormouse populations survived in almost deforested areas the recent species distribution map for north-west Europe was analysed with a GIS-overlay of different habitat data. Additionally, historical maps for north-west Germany were analysed to find crucial historical landscape elements. The history of a site apparently influences the present status of hazel dormice. Forest cover of younger woodlands is still of importance but less determinant. Habitat tradition and continuity are important for habitat suitability for the hazel dormouse and identifying historical hedgerow systems and historical woodlands can help to find places with hitherto unknown presence of hazel dormouse. Apparently, for the hazel dormouse the lack of forest habitats in north-western Europe was successfully compensated by the creation of a hedgerow network. Hedgerows function as a habitat by themselves, not just as a connecting structure. A density of 50 m continuous high quality and well-connected hedgerows per hectare seems to be a minimum for the survival of hazel dormice in northwest European landscapes. The preservation of ancient habitats and the restoration of new habitats as core habitats and connections is a key strategy to facilitate the long-term survival and re-colonisation of species.
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Rosenfeld, Jordan S., and Todd Hatfield. "Information needs for assessing critical habitat of freshwater fish." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 683–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-242.
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The core assumptions of critical habitat designation are a positive relationship between habitat and population size and that a minimum habitat area is required to meet a recovery target. Effects of habitat on population limitation scale from (i) effects on performance of individuals (growth, survival, fecundity) within a life history stage, to (ii) limitation of populations by habitats associated with specific life history stages, and (iii) larger-scale habitat structure required for metapopulation persistence. The minimum subset of habitats required to achieve a recovery target will depend on the extent, quality, and spatial configuration of habitats available to sequential life history stages. Although populations may be limited by available habitat for a single life history stage, altering habitat quality for subsequent stages will also affect individual survival and population size, providing multiple leverage points within a life history for habitat management to achieve recovery targets. When habitat-explicit demographic data are lacking, consequences of uncertainty in critical habitat assessment need to be explicit, and research should focus on identifying habitats most likely to be limiting based on species biology.
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Cockell, Charles S. "Types of habitat in the Universe." International Journal of Astrobiology 13, no. 2 (February 21, 2014): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550413000451.
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AbstractFrom a biological point of view, all environments in the Universe can be categorized into one of three types: uninhabitable, uninhabited habitat or inhabited habitat. This paper describes and defines different habitat types in the Universe with a special focus on environments not usually encountered on the Earth, but which might be common on other planetary bodies. They include uninhabited habitats, subtypes of which are sterile habitats and organic-free habitats. Examples of the different types of environments are provided with reference to the Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland. These habitat types are used to identify testable hypotheses on the abundance of different habitats and the distribution of life in the Universe.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ave - Habitat"
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Hass, Adriani. "Efeitos da criação do reservatorio da UHE Serra da Mesa (Goias) sobre a comunidade de aves." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316222.
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Orientador: Roberto Brandão CavalcantiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Grandes empreendimentos, como hidrelétricas, ocasionam fragmentação e destruição de hábitats, com perdas para a diversidade biológica. Pouco se sabe sobre as conseqüências biológicas para as comunidades de aves decorrentes do impacto gerado pela formação de grandes reservatórios de hidrelétricas. Meu objetivo foi detectar mudanças na riqueza, diversidade e na organização de categorias tróficas durante o processo de formação do reservatório da UHE de Serra da Mesa (Goiás). Estudei seis fragmentos (dois pequenos, dois médios e dois grandes), onde determinei a riqueza e diversidade (índice de Shannon - H') dessas áreas, usando o método de contagens por pontos, sem raio fixo, durante 20 mino Registrei todas as espécies de aves e suas respectivas abundâncias e acompanhei os fragmentos mensalmente entre julho de 1996 e julho de 1998 e, a partir daí, bimensalmente até junho de 1999. A riqueza de aves variou ao longo dos anos de estudo (F2 9 = 17,577, p = 0,001) e entre tamanhos dos fragmentos amostrados (F2 9 = 14,959, p = 0,001). A variação no índice Shannon de diversidade de cada ano dependeu apenas do ano de amostragem (F2 9 = 7,774, p = 0,001), não havendo influência do tamanho dos fragmentos (F2 9 = 2,573, p = 0,131), sendo que o modelo explicou mais de 76% da variação (r2 = 0,76). O índice de diversidade de modo geral aumentou no segundo ano e teve queda no terceiro, padrão similar ao da riqueza. A assembléia alimentar composta pelas espécies carnívoras apresentou diminuição no índice de diversidade ao longo dos anos (F2 10 = 7,317; p = 0,011), sendo os dois primeiros anos similares entre si e muito diferentes do último ano de amostragem que apresentou queda acentuada. Frugívoros também variaram ao longo dos três anos de estudo (F2 10 = 10,608; p = 0,003), com o primeiro ano de amostragem similar ao terceiro, porém ambos diferentes do segundo, onde a diversidade aumentou. Granívoros (F2 10 =1,470; p = 0,276), nectarívoros (F2 10 = 0,080; p = 0,923) e onívoros (F2 10 =1,999; p = 0,186) não apresentaram diferenças entre os três anos estudados. Já os insetívoros apresentaram tendência à diferença entre anos (F2 10 =3,513; p = 0,06), com o último ano de amostragem também tendendo à diminuição da diversidade em relação aos anos anteriores. O grupo das espécies piscívoras apresentou diferenças entre anos (F2 10 =7,007; p = 0,013), com o primeiro ano diferindo dos demais, tendo aumento significativo da diversidade. Esses dados mostram que o efeito da fragmentação gerado pela construção de hidrelétricas é negativo na riqueza de aves em todos os fragmentos estudados e que as mudanças na diversidade ecológica da comunidade de aves também são negativas, ou seja, a diversidade diminuiu na região, independente do tamanho do fragmento. A comunidade trófica também se modificou em relação aos anos, porém essa mudança dependeu do tipo de guilda, sendo que alguns grupos foram muito afetados, como os predadores de topo de cadeia, e outros parecem ser indiferentes ao impacto (nectarívoros)
Abstract: Large infrastructure projects such as hydroelectric dams produce habitat destruction and fragmentation, with substantial impact on biodiversity. However, few studies have documented these effects in before-after comparative studies, and virtually none in tropical savanna ecosystems. The aim of this study was to detect changes in bird community richness, diversity, and organization of trophic categories during the process of creation of the 1790 sq. km. Serra da Mesa Hydroelectric Reservoir (Goiás). I chose six areas slated to become islands in the reservoir, and sampled them monthly between July 1996 and July 1998, then bimonthly through July 1999. The dam was closed in October 1996. Bird species were sampled through variable-width fixed point counts for 20 min. pecies richness declined between years (F29 = 17.577, p = 0.001) and varied directly with sizes of the sampled area/islands (F29 = 14.959, p = 0.001). The Shannon diversity Index varied significantly between years, with a maximum in the second year (F2 9 = 7.774, p = 0.001). However, diversity did not vary with area/island size (F29 = 2.573, p = 0.131). Dietary guilds changed significantly in diversity through time. Carnivores were stable in the first two years and declined in the third (F2 10 = 7.317; p = 0.011), Frugivores varied among the three years (F2 10 =10.608; p = 0.003), with the first year being similar to the third, but both lower than the second. Granivores (F2 10 =1.470; p = 0.276), nectarivores (F2 10 = 0.080; p = 0.923) and omnivores (F2 10 =1.999; p = 0.186) did not show differences among years. The insectivores presented a tendency to differ among years (F2 10 =3.513; p = 0.06), with the last year tending to the decrease in diversity in relation to the previous years. Piscivores showed differences among years (F2 10 =7.007; p = 0.013), with the first year differing to the others with a significant increase in diversity. Overall, the richness and diversity decreased in all sites, independently of the fragment size, and dietary guilds showed various effects, with top predators declining and nectarivores unchanged. Fragmentation and isolation of Cerrado habitat in the Serra da Mesa Reservoir had largely negative effects on the avifauna, for which compensation in necessary in the form of new protected areas in the region
Doutorado
Doutor em Ecologia
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Moraes, André Luiz Bitencourt [UNESP]. "Área de vida e seleção de habitat por sabiás (Turdus leucomelas, Turdidae) em ambiente urbanizado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134182.
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000857502.pdf: 5223996 bytes, checksum: 7799f5af97086ccd0a7ba6b4444345b8 (MD5)O processo de urbanização é uma das principais ações antrópicas que alteram os ambientes naturais, resultando em inúmeras consequências ambientais, como a redução e fragmentação dos habitats naturais, causando perda da biodiversidade, entre outros desequilíbrios aos ecossistemas. A urbanização pode favorecer a homogeneização da avifauna e a dominância de algumas espécies, entre elas, estão os sabiás. Os sabiás são aves que possuem importante papel na manutenção da biodiversidade de plantas em áreas urbanas, graças à sua alta abundância e grau de frugivoria, juntamente com o uso frequente de fragmentos florestais. A estrutura do habitat e a disponibilidade de recursos são fatores importantes que influenciam as comunidades de aves tanto em ambientes naturais quanto em ambientes modificados pelo homem, com consequências para o tamanho da área de vida e na maneira como as aves utilizam o habitat. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o tamanho da área de vida de sabiás da espécie Turdus leucomelas, além de investigar o quanto a estrutura do ambiente influencia na seleção de habitat por essas aves em um ambiente urbanizado. O estudo foi realizado no município de Rio Claro / SP, no campus da Universidade Estadual Paulista ―Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP). As coletas de dados foram realizadas entre Maio/2014 e Julho/2015. Foram monitorados 14 sabiás equipados com radiotransmissores, e no total foram coletados 1057 pontos de localização das aves. O valor médio das áreas de vida foi de 3,82 hectares quando estimado pelo Kernel 95%, e 3,26 hectares quando estimado através do MPC. Quanto a seleção de habitat todos os indivíduos selecionaram positivamente o tipo de habitat bosque (árvores, arbustos e áreas que formam bosques contínuos) e negativamente os outros tipos, o que mostra a importância da conservação da vegetação dentro das cidades, pois a manutenção dos indivíduos e da...
The process of urbanization is one of the main human activities that alter natural environments, bringing numerous environmental impacts such as the reduction and fragmentation of natural habitats, causing loss of biodiversity, among other imbalances to the ecosystems. Urbanization can foster the homogenization of birds and the dominance of a few species, so in disturbed areas, plants have their reproductive investment dependent on a small group of bird species.Thrushes are one of such groups, possessing significant role in plant biodiversity maintenance in urban areas because of its high abundance and extent of frugivory, along with the frequent use of forest fragments in urban areas. Habitat structure and resource availability are important factors that influence bird communities both in natural environments and in environments modified by humans, influencing the size of the home ranges and the way that birds use the habitats. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the home range size of the thrush species Turdus leucomelas, and to investigate how environmental structure influences the habitat selection by these birds in an urban area. The study was conducted in the municipality of Rio Claro / SP, at the Universidade Estadual Paulista - Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP) campus. Data collection took place from May/2014 to July/2015. Fourteen thrushes were monitored with radio transmitters, and a total of 1057 points of location were collected. The average values of the home ranges was 3.82 hectares as estimated by the Kernel 95%, and 3.26 hectares when estimated by the MCP. As for habitat selection all individuals positively selected forest habitat and negatively the other types. This shows the importance of conservation of vegetation in cities, because the maintenance of the individuals and biodiversity of birds in an urbanized environment is directly related to the local vegetation volume. So it is clear the need for policies that ...
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Moraes, André Luiz Bitencourt. "Área de vida e seleção de habitat por sabiás (Turdus leucomelas, Turdidae) em ambiente urbanizado /." Rio Claro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134182.
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Orientador: Marco Aurélio Pizo FerreiraBanca: Karl Stephan Mokross
Banca: Mercival Roberto Francisco
Resumo: O processo de urbanização é uma das principais ações antrópicas que alteram os ambientes naturais, resultando em inúmeras consequências ambientais, como a redução e fragmentação dos habitats naturais, causando perda da biodiversidade, entre outros desequilíbrios aos ecossistemas. A urbanização pode favorecer a homogeneização da avifauna e a dominância de algumas espécies, entre elas, estão os sabiás. Os sabiás são aves que possuem importante papel na manutenção da biodiversidade de plantas em áreas urbanas, graças à sua alta abundância e grau de frugivoria, juntamente com o uso frequente de fragmentos florestais. A estrutura do habitat e a disponibilidade de recursos são fatores importantes que influenciam as comunidades de aves tanto em ambientes naturais quanto em ambientes modificados pelo homem, com consequências para o tamanho da área de vida e na maneira como as aves utilizam o habitat. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o tamanho da área de vida de sabiás da espécie Turdus leucomelas, além de investigar o quanto a estrutura do ambiente influencia na seleção de habitat por essas aves em um ambiente urbanizado. O estudo foi realizado no município de Rio Claro / SP, no campus da Universidade Estadual Paulista ―Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP). As coletas de dados foram realizadas entre Maio/2014 e Julho/2015. Foram monitorados 14 sabiás equipados com radiotransmissores, e no total foram coletados 1057 pontos de localização das aves. O valor médio das áreas de vida foi de 3,82 hectares quando estimado pelo Kernel 95%, e 3,26 hectares quando estimado através do MPC. Quanto a seleção de habitat todos os indivíduos selecionaram positivamente o tipo de habitat bosque (árvores, arbustos e áreas que formam bosques contínuos) e negativamente os outros tipos, o que mostra a importância da conservação da vegetação dentro das cidades, pois a manutenção dos indivíduos e da...
Abstract: The process of urbanization is one of the main human activities that alter natural environments, bringing numerous environmental impacts such as the reduction and fragmentation of natural habitats, causing loss of biodiversity, among other imbalances to the ecosystems. Urbanization can foster the homogenization of birds and the dominance of a few species, so in disturbed areas, plants have their reproductive investment dependent on a small group of bird species.Thrushes are one of such groups, possessing significant role in plant biodiversity maintenance in urban areas because of its high abundance and extent of frugivory, along with the frequent use of forest fragments in urban areas. Habitat structure and resource availability are important factors that influence bird communities both in natural environments and in environments modified by humans, influencing the size of the home ranges and the way that birds use the habitats. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the home range size of the thrush species Turdus leucomelas, and to investigate how environmental structure influences the habitat selection by these birds in an urban area. The study was conducted in the municipality of Rio Claro / SP, at the Universidade Estadual Paulista - Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP) campus. Data collection took place from May/2014 to July/2015. Fourteen thrushes were monitored with radio transmitters, and a total of 1057 points of location were collected. The average values of the home ranges was 3.82 hectares as estimated by the Kernel 95%, and 3.26 hectares when estimated by the MCP. As for habitat selection all individuals positively selected forest habitat and negatively the other types. This shows the importance of conservation of vegetation in cities, because the maintenance of the individuals and biodiversity of birds in an urbanized environment is directly related to the local vegetation volume. So it is clear the need for policies that ...
Mestre
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Margarido, Neide Corina Inácio. "Seleção de habitat pela galinhola Bostrychia bocagei, ave criticamente ameaçada e endémica de São Tomé." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16419.
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O conhecimento ecológico é fundamental para a conservação. Em especial quando se trata da conservação de uma espécie em perigo crítico como a galinhola Bostrychia bocagei, endémica da ilha de São Tomé. Nesta tese estudámos a seleção de habitat desta espécie a uma escala local durante a época de reprodução. Para tal, foram avaliadas 12 variáveis em 50 pontos, metade dos quais com presença confirmada da espécie. Utilizámos escalonamento multidimensional não métrico para identificar espécies vegetais associado à presença da galinhola e modelos lineares generalizados para identificar as variáveis que melhor explicam a sua presença. Os resultados sugerem que a galinhola prefere áreas mais planas, a maior altitude, com maior densidade arbórea e de cobertura de copa. Aparece associada à presença de mamão-d'Obô Drypetes glabra, nêspera-d'Obô Sterculia tragacantha e cata-d'Obô Tabernaemontana pachysiphon. A proteção de áreas florestais com estas características é essencial para a conservação da galinhola; Habitat selection by the dwarf olive ibis Bostrychia bocagei, a critically endangered bird endemic to São Tomé
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Ecological knowledge is essential for conservation. Especially when a critically endangered species such as the dwarf olive ibis Bostrychia bocagei, endemic to São Tomé Island is concerned. In this thesis we studied habitat selection by this species at a local scale during the breeding season. We assessed 12 variables in 50 points, half of which with confirmed presence of the species. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling to identify plant species associated with the presence of the dwarf olive ibis and generalized linear models to identify the variables that best explain its presence. Our results suggest that the species prefers flatter areas at higher altitudes, with high tree density and canopy cover. It is associated with the presence of Drypetes glabra, Sterculia tragacantha and Tabernaemontana pachysiphon. The protection of forest areas with these characteristics seem to be essential for the conservation of the dwarf olive ibis.
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Cunha, Isabella Lacativa Dias. "Comportamento e uso de habitat por aves dependentes de áreas úmidas no interior do estado de São Paulo." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2121.
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Previous issue date: 2014-10-08Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The human pressures in aquatics ecosystems are very strong and affect all associated fauna. The waterbirds are a major environmental group in these ecosystems. To April / 2013 until April /2014 were collected the foraging efficiency (FE) of birds in three reservoirs of São Paulo, Itirapina. In the first chapter of this study we tested the hypothesis if the occupation and habitat use for foraging by Herons family are influenced by premises of The Optimal Foraging Theory or that species actively seek for greater energy return and avoid unproductive environments. The central hypothesis was accepted: the species exhibited a similar FE in different macro and micro- habitats; FE does not change regardless of foraging strategy; FE does not depend on the length of stay in the environment. We observed that environmental variables such as the depth of the reservoirs and the surrounding vegetation, may limit the occupation of the habitats for this waterbirds, regardless of the presence and availability of food. In the second chapter, we describe a rare foraging behavior, not yet reported in the literature, displayed by Ardea cocoi in restrictive microhabitat for the species.
Os ambientes aquáticos sofrem forte pressão antrópica, assim como a sua fauna associada. As aves aquáticas piscívoras, topo de cadeia alimentar, representam um importante grupo ecológico nestes ecossistemas. De abril / 2013 a abril / 2014 foram coletados dados sobre a Eficiência de Forrageamento (EF) de aves em três represas do estado de São Paulo, município de Itirapina. No primeiro capítulo deste trabalho testou-se a hipótese de que a ocupação e o uso de habitat para o forrageamento por aves da família Ardeidae são influenciados por premissas da Teoria do Forrageamento Ótimo (TFO), ou seja, que as espécies buscam ativamente por um maior retorno energético e evitam ambientes pouco produtivos. A hipótese central foi aceita: as espécies exibiram uma EF similar em diferentes macro e micro-habitats; a EF não se altera independente da estratégia de forrageamento; a EF não depende do tempo de permanência no ambiente. Foi possível notar que variáveis ambientais, como a profundidade do corpo d água e a vegetação do entorno, podem limitar a ocupação de habitats, independente da presença e disponibilidade de alimento, ou da EF. No segundo capítulo, foi descrito um raro comportamento de forrageamento, ainda não relatado na literatura, exibido pela garça-moura (Ardea cocoi) em microhabitat altamente restritivo para a espécie.
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Tonetti, Vinicius Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Densidade, seleção de micro-habitat e distribuição de Phylloscartes eximius (Aves: Tyrannidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134130.
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000856895.pdf: 6379938 bytes, checksum: c23414b2d7e2adc0545a415e11a412ab (MD5)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Informações básicas a respeito da biologia dos táxons são escassas, mesmo para os ameaçados de extinção, o que dificulta a elaboração de estratégias de conservação. Dados sobre densidade e tamanho populacional estão entre os mais importantes para a conservação das aves. O barbudinho (Phylloscartes eximius) é um passeriforme endêmico da Mata Atlântica e seus principais fatores de ameaça são a perda e fragmentação de habitat. Acredita-se que esteja sob acentuado declínio populacional, fato que o coloca na categoria de Quase Ameaça em nível global. No entanto, até o momento, nenhum estudo sistemático que envolvesse sua demografia foi realizado. Dessa maneira, o objetivo desse capítulo foi estimar sua densidade e tamanho populacional no Parque Estadual da Cantareira (PEC), uma importante área de ocorrência da espécie no Estado de São Paulo. Foram estabelecidos 100 pontos fixos dentro de buffers de 100 m criados ao redor de todas as trilhas do PEC. Durante as amostragens dos pontos, as distâncias entre o observador e as aves foram medidas ou estimadas e, com auxílio do software DISTANCE 6.2, foram criados então modelos estatísticos, ajustando-os às distâncias amostradas. Entre maio e dezembro de 2014 foram obtidas 46 detecções da espécie em 600 pontos, amostrando cada um dos 100 pontos seis vezes cada, o que resultou nos valores estimados de 12,7 indivíduos/km² e abundância de 967 indivíduos no PEC. Esse valor de densidade é considerado baixo quando comparado com outra espécie do gênero (P. kronei; 208 indivíduos/km²), assim como outros passeriformes insetívoros da Mata Atlântica. Como estratégia de conservação, sugere-se que sua densidade, assim como estudos que visem conhecer sua estrutura demográfica, seja estimada em outros locais de ocorrência. Deve-se também realizar monitoramentos em longo prazo da espécie
Basic information about the biology of the taxa is scarce, even for endangered ones, which hinders the development of conservation strategies. Data on population density and size are among the most important for the conservation of birds. The Southern Bristle-Tyrant (Phylloscartes eximius) is a passerine bird endemic to the Atlantic Forest and its main threat is habitat loss and fragmentation. Its populations are apparently declining, what put it in the Near Threatened global threat category. However, up to date, no systematic study involving its demography has been conducted. Thus, the aim of this chapter was to estimate its density and population size at the Cantareira State Park (CSP), a stronghold for the species at São Paulo State. A hundred fixed sampling points were established within 100 m buffers created around all the CSP trails. During sampling, the distance between the observer and the birds were measured or estimated and, with the help of software DISTANCE 6.2, statistical models were created and fitted to the sampled distances. Between May and December 2014, 46 detections of the species were obtained in 600 points, sampling six times each one of the 100 points, this resulted in estimated values of 12.7 individuals/ km² and abundance of 967 individuals in the CSP. This density value is considered low when compared to other species of the genus (P. kronei; 208 indivíduos/km²), as well as other insectivorous passerines of the Atlantic Forest. As a conservation strategy, studies on the density and demographic structure of the species should be performed at other places of occurrence, and these information must be associated with long-term monitoring of the species
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Volpato, Graziele Hernandes. "Comunidades de aves em mosaico de habitat formado por floresta ombrófila mista e plantações com Araucaria Angustifolia e com Pinus Elliottii, no Sul do Estado do Paraná, Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/23084.
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Athiê, Samira. "Composição da avifauna, frugivoria e dispersão de sementes por aves em áreas de floresta estacional semidecidual e cerrado, no Parque Estadual de Porto ferreira, São Paulo." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1843.
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Previous issue date: 2014-10-29Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
In the São Paulo State predominated two large phytoecological formations: the semideciduous forests and the savanna. The extensive use of these areas mainly for cane sugar plantations and other monocultures, caused a high loss of habitats. While still play an important role in maintaining the biodiversity of the State, there is a lack of information on bird communities in this region. In this sense, we have developed a comprehensive study on the avifauna of Porto Ferreira State Park (PFSP), which protects one of the few stretches of ecological tension between semideciduous forest and savanna in São Paulo. In Chapter I, we analyze the composition and structure of PFSP‟s bird community. We recorded 207 bird species in the area, between February 2011 and October 2013, including 15 threatened/near threatened species, 22 endemic to the Atlantic Forest and two endemic to savanna. We found that the PFSP has a bird richness similar to large fragments of the region, although the most sensitive species and more demanding in the resources exploitation are less abundant compared to generalist species and to the most conserved fragments of the surroundings. In Chap. II, we evaluated the interaction between frugivorous birds and PFSP‟s ornithochoric plants. There was availability of attractive fruit throughout the year, with peak productivity between September and October, in line with the pre-reproductive period of birds and the arrival of migratory species. Despite the prevalence of generalist birds that disperse mainly small seeds of plants from the early succession stages, we found the PFSP has a diversified frugivorous bird-plant interaction network compared to other forest fragments of the State, due to the variety of available environments, connection with other surroundings fragments and its medium size and rounded shape, softening the matrix impact. In Chap. III, we evaluated the potential of bird perches in increasing the seed rain in an abandoned pasture within the PFSP limits. Therefore, we installed seed traps under natural perches (living trees) and artificial, noting the number of deposited seeds increased proportionally to the amount of landing perches structures. Natural perches also provided other resources for birds, such as fruits, insects and shelter, making them more attractive. We conclude that natural perches and artificial perches with more elaborate architecture showed greater efficiency in attracting seed-disperser birds and increasing the seed deposition, being the most recommended for this area recovery and for ecological restoration projects.
No interior do Estado de São Paulo predominavam duas grandes formações fitoecológicas: as Florestas Estacionais e o Cerrado. O uso extensivo dessas áreas principalmente para plantações de cana-de-açúcar e outras monoculturas, ocasionou uma elevada perda de habitats. Embora ainda desempenhe um importante papel na manutenção da biodiversidade do Estado, há carência de informações sobre a comunidades de aves dessa região. Neste sentido, desenvolvemos um estudo amplo sobre a avifauna do Parque Estadual de Porto Ferreira (PEPF), que protege um dos poucos trechos de tensão ecológica entre Floresta Estacional Semidecidual e Cerrado do interior paulista. No Capítulo I, analisamos a composição e a estrutura da comunidade de aves do PEPF. Registramos 207 espécies de aves na área, entre fevereiro de 2011 e outubro de 2013, incluindo 15 ameaçadas/quase ameaçadas de extinção, 22 endêmicas de Mata Atlântica e duas endêmicas de Cerrado. Verificamos que o PEPF apresenta riqueza avifaunística similar aos grandes fragmentos da região, embora as espécies mais sensíveis e mais exigentes na exploração de recursos sejam pouco abundantes quando comparadas às espécies generalistas e em relação aos fragmentos mais conservados do entorno. No Cap. II, avaliamos a interação entre as aves frugívoras e as plantas ornitocóricas do PEPF. Houve disponibilidade de frutos atrativos ao longo de todo o ano, com pico de produtividade entre setembro e outubro, em consonância com o período pré-reprodutivo das aves e com a chegada de espécies migratórias. Embora predominem as aves generalistas que dispersam principalmente pequenas sementes de plantas de estágios iniciais da sucessão, constatamos que o PEPF apresenta uma rede de interações ave frugívora-planta bastante diversificada em comparação com outros fragmentos florestais do Estado, em função da variedade de ambientes disponíveis, da conexão com outros fragmentos do entorno e do seu tamanho médio e formato arredondado, amenizando os impactos da matriz. No Cap. III, avaliamos o potencial de poleiros para aves no incremento da chuva de sementes em um antigo pasto abandonado, dentro dos limites do PEPF. Para tanto, instalamos coletores de sementes sob poleiros naturais (árvores vivas) e artificiais, constatando que o número de sementes depositadas aumentou proporcionalmente à quantidade de estruturas de pouso dos poleiros. Os poleiros naturais também disponibilizaram outros recursos para a avifauna, como frutos, insetos e abrigo, tornando-os mais atrativos. Concluímos que os poleiros naturais e os poleiros artificiais com arquitetura mais elaborada demonstraram maior eficiência na atração das aves dispersoras e no incremento da deposição de sementes, sendo os mais recomendados para a recuperação daquela área e para projetos de restauração ecológica.
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Laps, Rudi Ricardo. "Efeito da fragmentação e alteração do habitat na avifauna da região da Reserva Biologica de Una, Bahia." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315763.
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Orientadores: Andre Victor Lucci Freitas, Keith Spalding Brown JuniorTese (doutorado) Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A Floresta Atlântica é um dos ecossistemas mais ameaçados no mundo e as unidades de conservação são importantes para manutenção da biodiversidade nesta paisagem altamente fragmentada. A avifauna da Floresta Atlântica do sul da Bahia é rica, com muitos endemismos e espécies ameaçadas de extinção. Nós investigamos a composição da avifauna da RBU e áreas adjacentes com o objetivo de medir a importância dessa UC para a proteção das espécies, assim como a resposta da comunidade aos diferentes hábitats (cabrucas, capoeiras e fragmentos florestais). Nós comparamos os resultados obtidos para aves, morcegos, lagartos, anuros e samambaias dentro dessa matriz predominatemente florestal com uma segunda área com paisagem oposta (fragmentos florestais imersos em matriz de cabrucas). Resultados: Nós encontramos 333 espécies de aves, incluindo 17 ameaçadas. A escassez de aves cinegéticas indica que a pressão de caça é alta na região. As cabrucas (plantações de cacau sob floresta raleada) exibem riqueza e abundância de aves maior que os demais hábitats investigados, com a presença de espécies generalistas invasoras. Frugívoros e insetívoros de copas foram abundantes e ricos nas cabrucas. Entretanto, insetívoros e frugívoros de sub-bosque são sensíveis à simplificação do hábitat deste sistema agroflorestal e muitas espécies desapareceram. O efeito de borda agiu significantemente para algumas espécies, com insetívoros generalistas aumentando sua riqueza e abundância, porém com alguns insetívoros e frugívoros de sub-bosque diminuindo próximo às bordas. Algumas espécies podem ser indicadores de florestas, já que ocorrem somente em interior de fragmentos. O amplo consenso sobre a importância de plantações sombreadas (cabrucas) para a conservação da biodiversidade deve ser tomado com cautela, porque algumas espécies evitam esse hábitat, mas as florestas secundárias (capoeiras) podem ser importantes para conectar fragmentos em uma paisagem. Uma comparação de pequenos fragmentos e cabrucas em duas paisagens contrastantes mostrou que a conversão de florestas em cabrucas impactaram diferentemente o padrão de dominância de espécies e guildas de aves e morcegos, porém as assembléias nas cabrucas geralmente refletem aquelas observadas em florestas próximas. A riqueza e composição de espécies foram diferentes nas paisagens analisadas, e ambos hábitats (florestas e cabrucas) de Uruçuca/Ilhéus mostraram perda de espécies florestais comparados com os mesmos hábitats em Una. Nosso estudo mostra que, apesar das cabrucas serem matrizes permeáveis para muitas espécies, elas não são substitutas das florestas. Há diferenças pronunciadas entre as duas paisagens com respeito à habilidade das cabrucas manterem a riqueza de espécies. Independente do grupo biológico considerado, uma representatividade maior de floresta nativa na paisagem influencia positivamente a riqueza de espécies encontradas nas cabrucas. O contexto da paisagem também influencia a variabilidade espacial da composição de espécies para alguns grupos biológicos, reforçando a importância e a vulnerabilidade de pequenas manchas florestais remanescentes em paisagens dominadas por cabrucas. Estes resultados apontam a necessidade de preservar áreas de hábitat primário mesmo em paisagens onde as práticas de uso da terra são geralmente favoráveis à conservação da biodiversidade
Abstract: The Brazilian Atlantic forest is one of more threatened ecosystems in the world, and the conservation units are very important in maintenance of biodiversity in a landscape highly fragmented. The avifauna of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia State is very rich, with many endemisms and threatened species. We explore the composition of avifauna of UBR and adjacent areas, and investigated the bird communities in different habitats nearby UBR with aim to measure its importance for species protection. We compare these results obtained by birds, bats, lizards, frogs and ferns in a forested matrix with a second area with opposite landscape (forest fragments in a cabruca matrix). Results: We found 333 species, including 17 species threatened. The paucity of game birds, like cracids an tinamous, indicate that the hunt pressure is high in the region. The shaded cocoa plantation exhibited greater richness and abundance of birds, with the presence of generalist species that invaded this habitat. Canopy insectivores and frugivores were highly profuse in cocoa plantations. However, understory insectivores and frugivores are sensible to habitat simplification of this agroforest system, and many species vanished. Edge effect was significant for some species, with generalist insectivores showing increase in richness and abundance, but some understory insectivores and frugivores decrease near edges. Some species can be used as forest indicators, since it occurred only in interior of fragments. The widely consensus about the importance of shaded plantations for conservation of biodiversity must take in caution, because some species avoid this habitat, but the early secondary forest can be important to connect fragments in this highly patchy landscape. A comparison of small fragments and cabrucas from contrastant landscapes showed that the conversion of forest to cabrucas impacted the dominance pattern of species and guilds differently regarding birds and bats, but species assemblages in cabrucas generally reflect those observed in nearby forests. Species richness and composition were different in these landscapes, and both habitats from Uruçuca showed losses of forest-dwelling species compared with those habitats from Una. Our study has shown that, although cabrucas can be permeable matrices for many species from the local biota, they are not forest surrogates. There were pronounced differences between the two landscapes with regard to the ability of cabrucas to maintain species richness. Irrespective of the biological group considered, a greater representation of native forest in the landscape positively influences the species richness reported in cabrucas. Landscape context also influenced the spatial variability of species composition for some biological groups, stressing the importance, and the vulnerability of the small forest patches remaining in landscapes dominated by shade plantations. These results point to the need to preserve sufficient areas of primary habitat even in landscapes where land use practices are generally favorable to the conservation of biodiversity
Doutorado
Ecologia de Comunidades
Doutor em Ecologia
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Perello, Luís Fernando Carvalho. "Efeito das características do habitat e da matriz nas assembléias de aves aquáticas em áreas úmidas do Sul do Brasil." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2006. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2295.
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O Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe (PNLP), na zona costeira do Rio Grande do Sul, protege amostras importantes de quase todos os ecossistemas de áreas úmidas e espécies de aves aquáticas da região. Os movimentos migratórios e os deslocamentos entre áreas úmidas determinam importantes variações temporais de composição e abundância das assembléias de aves aquáticas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever os padrões de composição e abundância de aves aquáticas em 27 áreas úmidas naturais, distribuídas no entorno do Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe; descrever os padrões de variação temporal das assembléias associados às variações de pluviosidade; avaliar o efeito do tamanho dos fragmentos, do tipo de área úmida, do tipo de matriz circundante e da disponibilidade de áreas úmidas na paisagem na composição, riqueza e abundância de aves aquáticas e discutir a importância dos remanescentes de áreas úmidas do entorno do Parque para a conservação de aves aquáticas. Foram realizados 12 censos mensais de aves aquátic
The Lagoa do Peixe National Park (LPNP), in the coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul, protect important samples of almost all wetland ecosystems and waterbird species in the region. The surrounding areas also harbor remnant natural wetlands, scattered in a matrix of drained meadows or rice fields, of which the conservation significance is unknown. The structure of waterbird assemblages in these remnants is expected to vary with their spatial attributes and with the characteristics of the surrounding matrix. The aim of this study was to describe the composition, richness and abundance of waterbird assemblages of 27 remnant wetlands; to describe the seasonal variation in the structure of these waterbird assemblages and it’s relation with pluviosity; to evaluate the effect of the remnant’s area, type of wetland, type of matrix and wetland availability in the landscape on the composition, richness and abundance of waterbirds; and to discuss the importance of the remaining wetlands nearby the Park for the conservat
Books on the topic "Ave - Habitat"
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Spilsbury, Louise. What are habitats & biomes? New York, NY: Britannica Educational Publishing, in association with Rosen Educational Services, 2014.
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Eschenlohr, Ludwig. Develier-Courtételle, un habitat rural mérovingien. Porrentruy: Office de la Culture, Soc. Jurassienne d'Emulation, 2006.
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Leslie, J. K. Age 0+ fish occurrence in modified habitat in south-western Ontario. Burlington, Ont: Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1998.
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Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute., ed. Stone age in Bihar and Jharkhand: A study of habitat and economy. Patna: K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute, 2005.
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Sweeny, Sheila. Are we there yet?: An early reader story. New York, N.Y: Disney Press, 2007.
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Colomer, Albert. Boussargues (Argelliers, Hérault): Un habitat ceinturé chalcolithique : les fouilles du secteur ouest. Paris: Editions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme, 1990.
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Miocene paleosols and ape habitats of Pakistan and Kenya. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
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Bunnell, Fred L. Alchemy and uncertainty: What good are models? Portland Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1989.
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Foucault-Forest, Chantal. L' habitat privé en Palestine au Bronze moyen et au Bronze récent. Oxford: Tempus Reparatum, 1996.
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Baudais, D. Prez-Vers-Siviriez: La montaneire : un habitat de l'âge du bronze dans la glâne. Fribourg, Suisse: Editions Universitaires Fribourg, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Ave - Habitat"
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Rees, Paul A. "4 restoration biology and habitat management." In Key questions in applied ecology and conservation: a study and revision guide, 53–72. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248494.0053.
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Abstract This chapter contains questions about habitat management, the restoration of lost and damaged habitats, captive breeding and the reintroduction of species to their natural habitats. The questions are arranged by topic and divided into three levels: foundation, intermediate and advanced.
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Halton, Eugene. "Religion, Habitat, and Cosmos." In From the Axial Age to the Moral Revolution, 23–44. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137473509_2.
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Kemp, Peter. "The Redeveloped Basement: Wells and Habitat." In H. G. Wells and the Culminating Ape, 119–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24832-2_4.
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Baumann, Nathalie, Chiara Catalano, and Salvatore Pasta. "Improving Extensive Green Roofs for Endangered Ground-Nesting Birds." In Future City, 13–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75929-2_2.
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AbstractCities are considered hotspots of biodiversity due to their high number of habitats such as ruderal areas, wastelands and masonry works hosting peculiar biocoenoses. Urban biodiversity represents a challenging and paradigmatic case for contemporary ecology and nature conservation because a clear distinction between nature reserves and anthropogenic lands is becoming obsolete. In this context, extensive green roofs may represent suitable habitat for ground-nesting birds and wild plants, providing suitable conditions occur. In this paper, case studies are used to show how existing extensive green roofs can be improved in order to make them function as replacement habitat for endangered ground-nesting birds. The setup of an uneven topography, combined with hay spreading and seed sowing, significantly enhanced the reproductive performance of the northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), one of the most endangered ground-nesting birds in Switzerland.
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"Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing." In Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing, edited by Page C. Valentine, Brian J. Todd, and Vladimir E. Kostylev. American Fisheries Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569605.ch18.
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<strong><em>Abstract. </em></strong>Habitats are defined as spatially recognizable areas where the physical, chemical, and biological environment is distinctly different from surrounding environments. A habitat can be delimited as narrowly or as broadly as the data and purpose permit, and this flexibility of scale influences the development of habitat classification schemes. Recent habitat classifications focus on a wide range of habitats that occur in European, American, and worldwide seafloor environments. The proposed classification of marine sublittoral habitats is based on recent studies in the American and Canadian parts of northeastern North America using multibeam and side-scan sonar surveys, video and photographic transects, and sediment and biological sampling. A guiding principle in this approach to habitat classification is that it will be useful to scientists and managers of fisheries and the environment. The goal is to develop a practical method to characterize the marine sublittoral (chiefly the subtidal continental shelf and shelf basin) habitats in terms of (1) their topographical, geological, biological, and oceanographical attributes and (2) the natural and anthropogenic processes that affect the habitats. The classification recognizes eight seabed themes (informal units) as the major subject elements of the classification. They are seabed topography, dynamics, texture, grain size, roughness, fauna and flora, habitat association and usage, and habitat recovery from disturbance. Themes include one or many classes of habitat characteristics related to seabed features, fauna and flora, and processes that we view as fundamental for recognizing and analyzing habitats. Within the classes, a sequence of subclasses, categories, and attributes addresses habitat characteristics with increasing detail. Much of the classification is broadly applicable worldwide (excluding some lowlatitude environments), but faunal and floral examples are representative of the northeastern North America region. In naming habitats, the classification emphasizes seabed substrate dynamics, substrate type, and seabed physical and biological complexity. The classification can accommodate new classes, subclasses, categories, and attributes, and it can easily be modified or expanded to address habitats of other regions. It serves as a template for a database that will provide a basis for organizing and comparing habitat information and for recognizing regional habitat types.
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"Marine Artificial Reef Research and Development: Integrating Fisheries Management Objectives." In Marine Artificial Reef Research and Development: Integrating Fisheries Management Objectives, edited by Sean F. Keenan, Theodore S. Switzer, Kevin A. Thompson, Amanda J. Tyler-Jedlund, and Anthony R. Knapp. American Fisheries Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874516.ch9.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Reef-fish assemblage structure was compared among multiple artificial and geologic (i.e., naturally occurring hard bottom) habitats in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico during 2014–2016 as part of a larger fishery-independent survey. Baited remote underwater video systems equipped with stereo cameras were deployed (<em>n </em>= 348) on 11 habitat types, classified through interpretation of side-scan sonar imagery. In the video samples, 11,801 fish were enumerated. Nonparametric analysis of reef-fish assemblages detected four clusters related to habitat; assemblages associated with geologic habitats were distinct, whereas the remaining three clusters represented groupings of artificial habitats of different size, scale, and complexity. While many species, including Vermilion Snapper <em>Rhomboplites aurorubens </em>and Red Snapper <em>Lutjanus campechanus</em>, were observed in greater numbers on artificial reef habitats, most species were observed in all habitats sampled. Among artificial reef habitats, the habitat cluster consisting of unidentified depressions, unidentified artificial reefs, construction materials, and reef modules was similar to geologic habitats in supporting larger individuals, specifically Gray Triggerfish <em>Balistes capriscus </em>and Red Snapper. In contrast, the habitat cluster consisting of smaller, generally solitary chicken-transport cages was inhabited by smaller individuals, including smaller Red Snapper. Although geologic reefs are the predominant reef habitat throughout much of the eastern Gulf, artificial reefs are important locally, especially in the Florida Panhandle. Accordingly, continued incorporation of artificial reef habitats within large-scale fishery-independent monitoring efforts is critical to the accurate assessment of the status of reef-fish stocks on broad spatial scales.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Michel J. Kaiser, Stuart I. Rogers, and Jim R. Ellis. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch15.
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<em> Abstract.—</em> Major amendments in 1996 to the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act require fisheries managers to define “essential” fish habitat and address the impact of fishing gear in their management plans. However, before considering what might qualify as essential fish habitat, it is necessary to first understand the association between fish and their habitat. Some studies have already revealed subtle relationships between fishes and sediment type; however, this approach does not quantify habitat complexity. We undertook a large-scale survey of demersal fish populations and benthic communities in the southern North Sea and eastern English Channel. As in other studies, water depth was closely linked to the main dichotomy in assemblage composition. Flatfishes occurred in shallow water, whereas roundfishes and small shark species were found in deeper habitats. Within each of these two sample station groupings, the assemblages dichotomised further on the basis of habitat type and benthic faunal associations. Three further groupings were identified within the deepwater habitat. These groupings were characterized by the presence of rocks, broken shells, or a large biomass of sessile epibenthos. Small shark species were almost exclusive to habitats with shelly substrata. In contrast, the shallow-water habitats were topographically less complex with sessile epibenthos of a smaller biomass. Flatfishes that were visual predators were most closely associated with habitats with some sessile epibenthos, whereas sole <em>Solea solea</em> , which largely locate their prey using chemosensory cues, were more closely associated with the least complex habitat. Although these flatfish habitats are intensively fished by bottom trawls, the characteristic sessile epifauna are relatively fast growing and are probably able to withstand such disturbance. In contrast, the deepwater sessile communities had sessile epifauna of a greater biomass with some slow-growing species that would be more vulnerable to fishing disturbance. However, these habitats are seldom fished using invasive techniques.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Michel J. Kaiser, Stuart I. Rogers, and Jim R. Ellis. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch15.
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<em> Abstract.—</em> Major amendments in 1996 to the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act require fisheries managers to define “essential” fish habitat and address the impact of fishing gear in their management plans. However, before considering what might qualify as essential fish habitat, it is necessary to first understand the association between fish and their habitat. Some studies have already revealed subtle relationships between fishes and sediment type; however, this approach does not quantify habitat complexity. We undertook a large-scale survey of demersal fish populations and benthic communities in the southern North Sea and eastern English Channel. As in other studies, water depth was closely linked to the main dichotomy in assemblage composition. Flatfishes occurred in shallow water, whereas roundfishes and small shark species were found in deeper habitats. Within each of these two sample station groupings, the assemblages dichotomised further on the basis of habitat type and benthic faunal associations. Three further groupings were identified within the deepwater habitat. These groupings were characterized by the presence of rocks, broken shells, or a large biomass of sessile epibenthos. Small shark species were almost exclusive to habitats with shelly substrata. In contrast, the shallow-water habitats were topographically less complex with sessile epibenthos of a smaller biomass. Flatfishes that were visual predators were most closely associated with habitats with some sessile epibenthos, whereas sole <em>Solea solea</em> , which largely locate their prey using chemosensory cues, were more closely associated with the least complex habitat. Although these flatfish habitats are intensively fished by bottom trawls, the characteristic sessile epifauna are relatively fast growing and are probably able to withstand such disturbance. In contrast, the deepwater sessile communities had sessile epifauna of a greater biomass with some slow-growing species that would be more vulnerable to fishing disturbance. However, these habitats are seldom fished using invasive techniques.
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"Shark Nursery Grounds of the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast Waters of the United States." In Shark Nursery Grounds of the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast Waters of the United States, edited by MICHAEL R. HEITHAUS. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569810.ch1.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Nursery areas are widely considered to be essential habitats for sharks. While there have been many efforts to determine the locations of nurseries in coastal waters and studies of movements within these nurseries, few studies have attempted to identify the factors that influence nursery area selection and habitat use within nurseries. Such data are critical for identifying essential habitats within nurseries and determining the factors that might set the carrying capacity of these areas. Behavioral and ecological theory provides important insights into nursery area use and the definition of essential habitats. For example, simply measuring the density of animals in various habitats can lead to (1) incorrect identification of critical areas because animal density and habitat quality (or importance) do not always coincide, and (2) incorrect assumptions about the factors limiting population sizes. Food abundance and predation risk are likely important determinants of nursery area selection, habitat use within nurseries, and carrying capacity of nurseries. Currently, we know little about how these factors and the physical features of the environment (e.g., water temperature, habitat structure) influence juvenile sharks. Here, I review our current understanding of shark nurseries in a theoretical context to identify areas where future studies are required and generate testable hypotheses regarding the use of nursery habitats.
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"Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century." In Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century, edited by JOSEPH E. GERKEN and CRAIG P. PAUKERT. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874127.ch11.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Paddlefish <em>Polyodon spathula </em>are large, riverine fishes that occupy extensive home ranges and often migrate long distances in spring to spawn. As a result of these life history characteristics, paddlefish require many habitats to sustain their population over time. Largely as a result of anthropogenic activities, many of the habitats historically used by paddlefish have been altered or destroyed and remaining paddlefish habitats are being threatened by dam construction, channelization and dredging, and altered land use within watersheds. Understanding how habitat alteration may affect paddlefish populations, and identifying threats to current paddlefish habitat, is needed for the management of this species. We review the threats to paddlefish habitats and assess how anthropogenic habitat alterations, such as changes to natural hydrology through the construction of dams and channelization of large rivers or altered land-use patterns leading to increased sedimentation, have affected paddlefish populations. Recent river restoration and conservation measures that help protect and restore paddlefish habitats include fish passage structures and controlled water releases from dams to simulate a more natural hydrograph. New threats such as global climate change may alter paddlefish habitats in the future. Continued efforts to minimize the impact of anthropogenic changes to paddlefish habitats, and measures to restore natural riverine conditions, may help conserve vital habitats for paddlefish populations.
Conference papers on the topic "Ave - Habitat"
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Freitas, Luiza Isaia de. "MANEJO ALIMENTAR DE BEM-TE-VI (PITANGUS SULPHURATUS) PROVENIENTE DE ECOSSISTEMA URBANO DURANTE REABILITAÇÃO." In I Congresso Nacional On-line de Conservação e Educação Ambiental. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1796.
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Introdução: Pitangus Sulphuratus, ou Bem-te-vi, é uma ave rústica nativa brasileira de alta adaptabilidade alimentar. Em seu habitat, sua base alimentar é composta por insetos, frutas, ovos de outros pássaros, flores, anelídeos, anfíbios (principalmente girinos), pequenos répteis, peixes e crustáceos, além de parasitas como carrapatos presentes no gado. Nas áreas urbanas exploram os recursos alimentares disponíveis, adaptando-se facilmente e reconhecendo fontes alternativas de alimento, como ração de animais domésticos. Essa amplitude da dieta faz com que o bem-te-vi seja eficiente em se adaptar em novos ambientes com diferentes formas de alimento disponíveis. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever através de metodologia qualitativa a alimentação durante a reabilitação de Bem-te-vi acometido por fratura de asa devido à queda do ninho. Material e métodos: A ave era um filhote, com peso de 26 gramas, recolhido de um pátio residencial. Resultados: Devido ao animal estar na fase de introdução alimentar realizada naturalmente pelos pais, o manejo alimentar durante a reabilitação foi vasto. Era oferecido polpas e pedaços de frutas da estação (frutas que a ave poderia encontrar após a soltura, tais como mamão, manga, amora, framboesas, goiabas, etc.), insetos variados, carne moída (gado e frango), pequenos peixes, ração para aves, ração para cães e gatos, restos de alimento humano, flores, ovos, anelídeos, e com base em estudo sobre a alimentação natural fornecida pelos pais desta ave, além dos alimentos eram oferecidos materiais não comestíveis, como barbantes e pedaços de madeira, afim de familiarizar a ave com estes. A ave aceitava bem a maior parte dos alimentos, porém foi observado que, ao oferecer o mesmo alimento em refeições seguidas quando havia opção de escolha esta optava por outro. Enquanto aos materiais não comestíveis oferecidos, como esperado, ela rejeitou a todos. Após a reabilitação a ave foi devolvida a seu habitat. Conclusão: Desta forma, concluímos que a base alimentar do Pitangus Sulphuratus é ampla, sendo uma ferramenta adaptativa da ave nos ecossistemas urbanos. Quando estas são submetidas ao manejo em cativeiro a alimentação oferecida deve ser ampla, para quando esta ave for reestabelecida no habitat não apresente dificuldade em reconhecer e capturar o alimento.
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Prokopovich, A. K., O. N. Yaroslavtseva, and V. Y. Kryukov. "MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI BEAUVERIA AND METARHIZIUM OF THE UPPER OBRIA AND THEIR STATIONARY ASSOCIATION." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-74.
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Molecular phylogeny of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium, Beauveria (199 Isolates) from different biocenoses of two climatic zones of the Novosibirsk Region (Western Siberia) was conducted using translation elongation factor gene (EF1a) sequence. Three species of Metarhizium and two species of Beauveria were identified: M. robertsii (54 isolates) M. brunneum (35 isolates) and M. pemphigum (2 isolates) B. bassiana (19 isolates) and B. pseudobassiana (9 isolates). Analisys of spatial distribution showed that M. robertsii preferred more xerophile habitats compared to M. brunneum. Moreover, genetic groups with different habitat association were revealed within M. robertsii. There are no differences in habitat association were registered for Beauveria species.
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Gagaev, Andrey, and Pavel Gagaev. "ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN THE SYSTEM OF JUSTICE." In Globalistics-2020: Global issues and the future of humankind. Interregional Social Organization for Assistance of Studying and Promotion the Scientific Heritage of N.D. Kondratieff / ISOASPSH of N.D. Kondratieff, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46865/978-5-901640-33-3-2020-82-88.
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Environmental justice is a part of the system of natural, ethnic, geographic-ecological, restorative and international justice and a system of solutions in the field of global issues. Environmental justice includes compatibility, hatchability and sequence, equality, freedom, truth, responsibility of all forms of life on the planet and in space in their habitats, not claiming for the habitats of other living forms. Therefore, for example, the United States are their habitat only and nowhere else in the world, like any other nation, while the exit of ethnic groups beyond their habitats means aggression and violence. The article also presents the subject of environmental justice. It is the world economic systems. Environmental justice includes also procedural principles of fairness, maintaining natural evolution and self-organization of habitats in space and time; common property of mankind; teleology of alignment and perfection of races and ethnic groups, evolutionary diversity; maintaining the natural cyclicity of life forms; a system of non-violence and solutions to global issues.
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Marat-Mendes, Teresa, and Maria Amélia Cabrita. "Recovering the Habitat concept within Urban Morphology." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5217.
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The purpose of this paper is to provide an opportunity to explore the Habitat debate within ISUF. We quest that within this concept, as placed by Moudon (1997) in her inaugural paper to Urban Morphology, there is an intrinsic call towards an equilibrium between the various dimensions of urban form and a trans-disciplinary approach to the study of urban form, which deserves further investigation.According to Whitehand (2012) specific constrains affected the full concretization of such trans-disciplinary efforts, namely the further specialization of the disciplinary areas. Moreover, as argued by Marat-Mendes (2016), the focus placed by urban morphology on the physical dimensions of urban form has been significantly higher than on the social or human dimensions of the urban form, thus affecting in turn the above-identified equilibrium. In order to contribute to such debate, this paper presents the results of an ongoing investigation (Marat-Mendes, Cabrita, 2015), which seeks to recuperate the concept of Habitat within urban morphology. To do that, it first identifies the concept of Habitat as it was first defined in a number of seminal works to urban morphology (Demangeon, 1926). Secondly, it exposes how did such concept evolved throughout specific historical, disciplinary and methodological contexts (Deyong, 2011). And thirdly, it reveals the impact that such evolution had on the various problematics and scales of approach by those to which the Habitat issue was central for the study of urban from, including some contemporary contributions from various interdisciplinary areas, which seem to be recuperating that concept, although not explicitly. References Demangeon, A. (1926) ‘Un Questionnaire sur L’Habitat Rural, Annales de Géographie 35 (196), 289-292. Deyong, S. (2011) ‘Planetary habitat: the origins of a phantom movement’ The Journal of Architecture 6 (2), 113-128. Moudon, A. V. (1997) ‘The need for a Habitat Agenda within Urban Morphology’ Urban Morphology 1 3-10. Marat-Mendes, T. (2016) ‘Physical, social and cultural dimensions of Urban Morphology: redressing the balance?’ Urban Morphology 20 (2)167-168. Marat-Mendes, T., Cabrita, M. A. (2015) ‘A Morfologia Urbana na Arquitectura em Portugal. Notas sobre uma abordagem tipo-morfológica’, in Oliveira et al. (eds.) O estudo da forma urbana em Portugal (UPorto, Porto) 65-94. Whitehand, J. W. R. (2012) ‘Issues in Urban Morphology’ Urban Morphology 16 (1), 55-65.
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Adenan, Sakeenah, Jane Oja, Talaat Abdel-Fattah, and Juha Alatalo. "Linking Soil Chemical Parameters and Fungal Diversity in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0068.
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Given the vast expanse of Qatar’s dryland ecosystems, agricultural productivity and soil stability is highly dependent on the diversity of soil microbiota. The soil environment is a heterogeneous habitat shaped by various components like chemical (organic matter, salinity and nutrients) and biological (fungal diversity and vegetation) properties that form multitudes of different microhabitats. Soil microbial diversity changes along environmental gradients. It is hypothesized that a “stable” microhabitat is one that is inhabited by a large diversity of established microorganisms that are best adapted to the niche. Microorganisms like fungi serve as the underlying biological drivers for biochemical processes within the soil. The key objective of this study is to evaluate the fungal diversity and abundance present within the Qatari soil using molecular-based tools and evaluate potential relationships between the identified fungal communities with chemical properties of the habitat. We found that the composition of fungi and AMF varied between different habitats around Qatar. Despite the lack of significant differences in the measured soil chemical parameters between sampled sites, it is evident that AMF species are more abundant than compared to that of other fungal species in most of the study sites; thus, suggesting that other factors like land use may also be an essential component explaining the variation in fungal communities.
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Kelly, Bethany, Kenny Nguyen, Zach Miles, Salvador Mayoral, Susan Piacenza, Cheng Zhang, and Joseph Piacenza. "Exploring Design Trades to Extend Useful Life of Platform Terminal Transmitters on Sea Turtles." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97473.
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Abstract Satellite-linked platform terminal transmitters (PTTs) are important tools for conducting research of sea turtles in their marine habitats. Appropriate conservation actions can be identified using PTTs, mounted to the top of sea turtles’ shells, to collect information about migratory routes and habitat usage. However, there is concern that PTTs introduce hydrodynamic drag that may bias natural sea turtle behavior, making the migratory and habitat data inaccurate representations of the “untagged” population. PTTs also have limited attachment durations, hypothesized to be caused by hydrodynamic loading and shell expansion during growth. The aim of this research is to investigate the hydrodynamic drag induced by PTTs on juvenile hard-shelled sea turtles, with the broader goal of increasing deployment duration and minimizing behavioral effects. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was created to simulate the hydrodynamics of juvenile sea turtles. The drag and lift coefficients for five PTTs, virtually attached to the sea turtle model, were calculated using numerical methods. A comparison table of PTT performance is presented. The results will be used to explore PTT form factor design trades-offs that reduce hydrodynamic loading, while still meeting operational requirements. This research could enable biologists to collect data that more accurately represents the untagged sea turtle population.
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Volontir, Nina, Afanasie Prepelita, and Iradion Jechiu. "Considerații privind morfologia văii râului Bâc." In Provocări şi tendinţe actuale în cercetarea componentelor naturale şi socio-economice ale ecosistemelor urbane şi rurale. Institute of Ecology and Geography, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53380/9789975891608.11.
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The Bâc river valley presents one of the most important centers of human habitat concentration since ancient times. This fact stimulated the interest towards studying this ecosystem, and a series of geographical, historical and literary descriptions appeared. They reflected the specific nature of this habitat, sometimes in a mystical form, in particular, with reference to some enigmatic elements of the valley. The morphology of the Bâc river valley is briefly characterized in the work. In particular, there are presented the opinions of scientists, researchers, historical and cultural personalities regarding one morphological phenomenon in the Bâc valley - the Bâc Gorges.
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Langhamer, Olivia, Dan Wilhelmsson, and Jens Engstro¨m. "Development of Invertebrate Assemblages and Fish on Offshore Wave Power." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79239.
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A significant development of offshore wave power is planned in the future, and its impact on the marine environment is unclear. Solid structures placed on the seabed create new habitats and function as artificial reefs for marine organisms. In this study we investigated the artificial reef effect and fouling impacts on offshore wave power devices deployed at the Swedish west coast. Here, buoys acting as point absorbers on the surface are connected to generators anchored on concrete foundations on the seabed. We studied the influence of surface orientation of the wave power foundations on epibiotic colonisation, and made in situ observations of micro-habitat use by fish and crustaceans over four years of submergence. We also examined fouling assemblages on buoys and calculated the effects of biofouling on the energy absorption of the wave power buoys.
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"Habitat Selection of American Woodcock and its Implications for Habitat Management Where Young Forests are Rare." In Eleventh American Woodcock Symposium. University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/aws.0123.
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"How to Evaluate Woodcock Habitat Management: are Landowners the Answer?" In Eleventh American Woodcock Symposium. University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/aws.0110.
Full textReports on the topic "Ave - Habitat"
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David Shiffman, David Shiffman. What are the feeding habits of threatened sharks? Experiment, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/1856.
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Saltus, Christina, Todd Swannack, and S. McKay. Geospatial Suitability Indices Toolbox (GSI Toolbox). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41881.
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Habitat suitability models are widely adopted in ecosystem management and restoration, where these index models are used to assess environmental impacts and benefits based on the quantity and quality of a given habitat. Many spatially distributed ecological processes require application of suitability models within a geographic information system (GIS). Here, we present a geospatial toolbox for assessing habitat suitability. The Geospatial Suitability Indices (GSI) toolbox was developed in ArcGIS Pro 2.7 using the Python® 3.7 programming language and is available for use on the local desktop in the Windows 10 environment. Two main tools comprise the GSI toolbox. First, the Suitability Index Calculator tool uses thematic or continuous geospatial raster layers to calculate parameter suitability indices based on user-specified habitat relationships. Second, the Overall Suitability Index Calculator combines multiple parameter suitability indices into one overarching index using one or more options, including: arithmetic mean, weighted arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and minimum limiting factor. The resultant output is a raster layer representing habitat suitability values from 0.0 to 1.0, where zero is unsuitable habitat and one is ideal suitability. This report documents the model purpose and development as well as provides a user’s guide for the GSI toolbox.
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Anderson, G. Oscar. Video Games: Attitudes and Habits of Adults Age 50-Plus. AARP Research, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/res.00125.001.
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Cooper, Christopher, Jacob McDonald, and Eric Starkey. Wadeable stream habitat monitoring at Congaree National Park: 2018 baseline report. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286621.
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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) Wadeable Stream Habitat Monitoring Protocol collects data to give park resource managers insight into the status of and trends in stream and near-channel habitat conditions (McDonald et al. 2018a). Wadeable stream monitoring is currently implemented at the five SECN inland parks with wadeable streams. These parks include Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE), Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO), Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU), Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT), and Congaree National Park (CONG). Streams at Congaree National Park chosen for monitoring were specifically targeted for management interest (e.g., upstream development and land use change, visitor use of streams as canoe trails, and potential social walking trail erosion) or to provide a context for similar-sized stream(s) within the park or network (McDonald and Starkey 2018a). The objectives of the SECN wadeable stream habitat monitoring protocol are to: Determine status of upstream watershed characteristics (basin morphology) and trends in land cover that may affect stream habitat, Determine the status of and trends in benthic and near-channel habitat in selected wadeable stream reaches (e.g., bed sediment, geomorphic channel units, and large woody debris), Determine the status of and trends in cross-sectional morphology, longitudinal gradient, and sinuosity of selected wadeable stream reaches. Between June 11 and 14, 2018, data were collected at Congaree National Park to characterize the in-stream and near-channel habitat within stream reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) and McKenzie Creek (CONG004). These data, along with the analysis of remotely sensed geographic information system (GIS) data, are presented in this report to describe and compare the watershed-, reach-, and transect-scale characteristics of these four stream reaches to each other and to selected similar-sized stream reaches at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, and Chattahoochee National Recreation Area. Surveyed stream reaches at Congaree NP were compared to those previously surveyed in other parks in order to provide regional context and aid in interpretation of results. edar Creek’s watershed (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) drains nearly 200 square kilometers (77.22 square miles [mi2]) of the Congaree River Valley Terrace complex and upper Coastal Plain to the north of the park (Shelley 2007a, 2007b). Cedar Creek’s watershed has low slope and is covered mainly by forests and grasslands. Cedar Creek is designated an “Outstanding Resource Water” by the state of South Carolina (S.C. Code Regs. 61–68 [2014] and S.C. Code Regs. 61–69 [2012]) from the boundary of the park downstream to Wise Lake. Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ (CONG001) is located just downstream (south) of the park’s Bannister Bridge canoe landing, which is located off Old Bluff Road and south of the confluence with Meyers Creek. Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ (CONG002 and CONG003, respectively) are located downstream of Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ where Cedar Creek flows into the relatively flat backswamp of the Congaree River flood plain. Based on the geomorphic and land cover characteristics of the watershed, monitored reaches on Cedar Creek are likely to flood often and drain slowly. Flooding is more likely at Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ than at Cedar Creek ‘upstream.’ This is due to the higher (relative to CONG001) connectivity between the channels of the lower reaches and their out-of-channel areas. Based on bed sediment characteristics, the heterogeneity of geomorphic channel units (GCUs) within each reach, and the abundance of large woody debris (LWD), in-stream habitat within each of the surveyed reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001–003) was classified as ‘fair to good.’ Although, there is extensive evidence of animal activity...
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Dodd, Hope, David Peitz, Gareth Rowell, Janice Hinsey, David Bowles, Lloyd Morrison, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor, and Jefrey Williams. Protocol for Monitoring Fish Communities in Small Streams in the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284726.
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Fish communities are an important component of aquatic systems and are good bioindicators of ecosystem health. Land use changes in the Midwest have caused sedimentation, erosion, and nutrient loading that degrades and fragments habitat and impairs water quality. Because most small wadeable streams in the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) have a relatively small area of their watersheds located within park boundaries, these streams are at risk of degradation due to adjacent land use practices and other anthropogenic disturbances. Shifts in the physical and chemical properties of aquatic systems have a dramatic effect on the biotic community. The federally endangered Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) and other native fishes have declined in population size due to habitat degradation and fragmentation in Midwest streams. By protecting portions of streams on publicly owned lands, national parks may offer refuges for threatened or endangered species and species of conservation concern, as well as other native species. This protocol describes the background, history, justification, methodology, data analysis and data management for long-term fish community monitoring of wadeable streams within nine HTLN parks: Effigy Mounds National Monument (EFMO), George Washington Carver National Monument (GWCA), Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (HEHO), Homestead National Monument of America (HOME), Hot Springs National Park (HOSP), Pea Ridge National Military Park (PERI), Pipestone National Monument (PIPE), Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve (TAPR), and Wilson's Creek national Battlefield (WICR). The objectives of this protocol are to determine the status and long-term trends in fish richness, diversity, abundance, and community composition in small wadeable streams within these nine parks and correlate the long-term community data to overall water quality and habitat condition (DeBacker et al. 2005).
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ARMY SAFETY CENTER FORT RUCKER AL. FLIGHTFAX: Army Aviation Risk-Management Information. Volume 27, Number 11, November 1999. Flying Habits and Judgment are Infectious. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada370882.
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Berkowitz, Jacob F., Christine M. VanZomeren, Jaybus J. Price, and Anthony M. Priestas. Incorporating Color Change Propensity into Dredged Material Management to Increase Beneficial Use Opportunities. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39261.
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Dredged materials provide a number of beneficial use opportunities, including beach nourishment, habitat creation and restoration, and other activities. In situ sediment color is important for determining aesthetic and habitat suitability, for beach nourishment, and for other projects. However, dredged materials must meet locally established color compatibility requirements (for example, material cannot be too dark). Often, potential sediment sources are close to meeting specified color thresholds, and previous observations suggest that sediments lighten over time. In response to these observations, this study quantified sediment color change potential in a dredged m aterial management context. Results indicate that dredged material sediment color responded to changes in secondary color components, sediment mixing, and photolytic bleaching improving the sediment color for beneficial use application. Findings allowed for development of a conceptual color change capacity framework and supported development of tools for resource managers to incorporate color change dynamic into planning and operations activities.The following report provides a framework for determining the color change capacity of dredged materials using (1) a comprehensive laboratory approach and (2) a semiquantitative index based on source material and placement location conditions. These tools allow practitioners to incorporate dredged-material color change into resource management decisions, thus increasing beneficial use opportunities.
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Suir, Glenn, Christina Saltus, and Sam Jackson. Remote Assessment of Swamp and Bottomland Hardwood Habitat Condition in the Maurepas Diversion Project Area. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41563.
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This study used high spatial resolution satellite imagery to identify and map Bottomland Hardwood (BLH) BLH and swamp within the Maurepas Diversion Project area and use Light Detection and Ranging (Lidar) elevation data, vegetation indices, and established stand-level thresholds to evaluate the condition of forested habitat. The Forest Condition methods and data developed as part of this study provide a remote sensing-based supplement to the field-based methods used in previous studies. Furthermore, several advantages are realized over traditional methods including higher resolution products, repeatability, improved coverage, and reduced effort and cost. This study advances previous methods and provides products useful for informing ecosystem decision making related to environmental assessments.
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Brandt, Leslie A., Cait Rottler, Wendy S. Gordon, Stacey L. Clark, Lisa O'Donnell, April Rose, Annamarie Rutledge, and Emily King. Vulnerability of Austin’s urban forest and natural areas: A report from the Urban Forestry Climate Change Response Framework. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Forests Climate Hub, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.7204069.ch.
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The trees, developed green spaces, and natural areas within the City of Austin’s 400,882 acres will face direct and indirect impacts from a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of urban trees and natural and developed landscapes within the City Austin to a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and illustrated a range of projected future climates. We used this information to inform models of habitat suitability for trees native to the area. Projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones were used to understand how less common native species, nonnative species, and cultivars may tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted and naturally occurring trees to stressors that may not be accounted for in habitat suitability models such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution. The summary of the contemporary landscape identifies major stressors currently threatening trees and forests in Austin. Major current threats to the region’s urban forest include invasive species, pests and disease, and development. Austin has been warming at a rate of about 0.4°F per decade since measurements began in 1938 and temperature is expected to increase by 5 to 10°F by the end of this century compared to the most recent 30-year average. Both increases in heavy rain events and severe droughts are projected for the future, and the overall balance of precipitation and temperature may shift Austin’s climate to be more similar to the arid Southwest. Species distribution modeling of native trees suggests that suitable habitat may decrease for 14 primarily northern species, and increase for four more southern species. An analysis of tree species vulnerability that combines model projections, shifts in hardiness and heat zones, and adaptive capacity showed that only 3% of the trees estimated to be present in Austin based on the most recent Urban FIA estimate were considered to have low vulnerability in developed areas. Using a panel of local experts, we also assessed the vulnerability of developed and natural areas. All areas were rated as having moderate to moderate-high vulnerability, but the underlying factors driving that vulnerability differed by natural community and between East and West Austin. These projected changes in climate and their associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for urban forest management, including the planting and maintenance of street and park trees, management of natural areas, and long-term planning.
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Homan, H. Jeffrey, Ron J. Johnson, James R. Thiele, and George M. Linz. European Starlings. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7207737.ws.
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European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris, Figure 1)are an invasive species in the United States. The first recorded release of the birds was in 1890 in New York City’s Central Park. Because starlings easily adapt to a variety of habitats, nest sites and food sources, the birds spread quickly across the country. Today, there are about 150 million starlings in North America. Conflicts between people and starlings occur mostly in agricultural settings. Starlings damage apples, blueberries, cherries, figs, grapes, peaches, and strawberries. Starlings gather at concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) during late fall and winter. Starlings also cause human health problem, airplane hazards, and nuisance problems. European starlings are not protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA).