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Journal articles on the topic 'Average blood flow'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Srinivasan, Vivek J., and Harsha Radhakrishnan. "Total average blood flow and angiography in the rat retina." Journal of Biomedical Optics 18, no. 7 (2013): 076025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jbo.18.7.076025.

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2

Twardowski, Z. J., and J. D. Haynie. "Measurements of Hemodialysis Catheter Blood Flow in Vivo." International Journal of Artificial Organs 25, no. 4 (2002): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139880202500405.

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The relationship between the blood flow and inflow and outflow pressures was determined in PermCath, dual lumen catheters during regular hemodialyses in vivo in eight patients with average hematocrit of 38%. From the luer lock connector the catheters had an average length of 32 cm to the outflow tip and 30 cm to the inflow tip. The catheters had an internal diameter of 0.2 cm and were straight before implantation. Dialyses were performed on Fresenius 2008 D or E machines with ReadySet™ blood lines with an 8 mm ID pump segment and a noncollapsible arterial chamber. Pressures and blood flows wer

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3

Finol, Ender A., and Cristina H. Amon. "Blood Flow in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Pulsatile Flow Hemodynamics." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 123, no. 5 (2001): 474–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1395573.

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Numerical predictions of blood flow patterns and hemodynamic stresses in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAAs) are performed in a two-aneurysm, axisymmetric, rigid wall model using the spectral element method. Physiologically realistic aortic blood flow is simulated under pulsatile conditions for the range of time-averaged Reynolds numbers 50⩽Rem⩽300, corresponding to a range of peak Reynolds numbers 262.5⩽Repeak⩽1575. The vortex dynamics induced by pulsatile flow in AAAs is characterized by a sequence of five different flow phases in one period of the flow cycle. Hemodynamic disturbance is evalua

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4

Gabriel, Sargon A., Yan Ding, and Yuqing Feng. "Modelling the period-average transport of species within pulsatile blood flow." Journal of Theoretical Biology 457 (November 2018): 258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.07.006.

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5

Fedorovich, Andrey A., Yulia I. Loktionova, Elena V. Zharkikh, et al. "Body Position Affects Capillary Blood Flow Regulation Measured with Wearable Blood Flow Sensors." Diagnostics 11, no. 3 (2021): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030436.

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In this study we demonstrate what kind of relative alterations can be expected in average perfusion and blood flow oscillations during postural changes being measured in the skin of limbs and on the brow of the forehead by wearable laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) sensors. The aims of the study were to evaluate the dynamics of cutaneous blood perfusion and the regulatory mechanisms of blood microcirculation in the areas of interest, and evaluate the possible significance of those effects for the diagnostics based on blood perfusion monitoring. The study involved 10 conditionally healthy volunteer

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Matta, Fadi, Abdo Yaekoub, Syed Ahsan, et al. "Effect of compression stockings on venous blood velocity and blood flow." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 103, no. 01 (2010): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th09-06-0365.

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SummaryThe effects of graduated compression stockings (GCS) on venous blood velocity have not been established. In healthy subjects, most investigations showed no effect on blood velocity, but mixed results have been reported. In this investigation we to test the hypothesis that popliteal blood velocity is increased by properly fitted GCS. Time average peak velocity in the popliteal vein, as well as time average mean velocity, vein diameter and mean volumetric flow were measured by pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound in 25 healthy male volunteers without compression stockings and repeated with fitt

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7

Nabaa, Q. A., and M. A. Mariam. "Study of the Blood Flow average for Atherosclerosis using Ultrasound Doppler shift." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1963, no. 1 (2021): 012107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1963/1/012107.

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8

Davie, Peter S., and Craig E. Franklin. "Preliminary observations on blood flow in the coronary arteries of two school sharks (Galeorhinus australis)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 6 (1993): 1238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-169.

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Coronary arterial blood flow and pressure, intraventricular blood pressure, and ventral aortic blood velocity were measured in two anaesthetized school sharks (Galeorhinus australis) in order to examine the phasic relationships between these flows and pressures. Maximum instantaneous flow recorded in the ventral coronary artery was 0.37 mL∙min−1∙kg−1 body mass (estimated 0.63 mL∙min−1∙g−1 ventricular mass). The average mean coronary blood flow was estimated as 0.28 mL∙min−1∙g−1 ventricular mass during periods of high coronary blood flow. On average, 86% of coronary flow occurred during diastol

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9

Zouache, M. A., I. Eames, and P. J. Luthert. "Blood flow in the choriocapillaris." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 774 (June 2, 2015): 37–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.243.

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The choriocapillaris is a capillary bed located in a thin layer adjacent to the outer retina and is part of the oxygen delivery system to the photoreceptors of the eye. The blood flow is approximately planar and is serviced by microvessels, which join the choriocapillaris through inlets perpendicular to its plane. Capillaries are densely organised and separated by avascular septal posts, which direct the blood flow. The capillary bed is composed of a juxtaposition of tessellating vascular units called lobules, which are filled and drained independently from each other. A theoretical analysis o

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10

Tatagiba, Marcos, Shahram Mirzai, and Madjid Samii. "Peritumoral Blood Flow in Intracranial Meningiomas." Neurosurgery 28, no. 3 (1991): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199103000-00010.

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Abstract Blood flow was measured in intratumoral tissue, the cerebral hemispheres and particularly in the peritumoral area of 12 patients with intracranial meningiomas using the stable xenon-enhanced computed tomographic scan. Tumor blood flow frequently showed a heterogeneous pattern of enhancement with high flow at the tumor periphery and a central area of hypoperfusion. Blood flow values were on average 28% lower in the peritumoral area than in the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere. In individual cases, blood flow values in the peritumoral edematous area were very low. These findings suggest

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11

Finol, E. A., K. Keyhani, and C. H. Amon. "The Effect of Asymmetry in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Under Physiologically Realistic Pulsatile Flow Conditions." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 125, no. 2 (2003): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1543991.

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In the abdominal segment of the human aorta under a patient’s average resting conditions, pulsatile blood flow exhibits complex laminar patterns with secondary flows induced by adjacent branches and irregular vessel geometries. The flow dynamics becomes more complex when there is a pathological condition that causes changes in the normal structural composition of the vessel wall, for example, in the presence of an aneurysm. This work examines the hemodynamics of pulsatile blood flow in hypothetical three-dimensional models of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Numerical predictions of blood fl

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12

Armstrong, R. B., M. D. Delp, E. F. Goljan, and M. H. Laughlin. "Distribution of blood flow in muscles of miniature swine during exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 3 (1987): 1285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.3.1285.

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The purpose of this study was to determine how the distribution of blood flow within and among the skeletal muscles of miniature swine (22 +/- 1 kg body wt) varies as a function of treadmill speed. Radiolabeled microspheres were used to measure cardiac output (Q) and tissue blood flows in preexercise and at 3–5 min of treadmill exercise at 4.8, 8.0, 11.3, 14.5, and 17.7 km/h. All pigs (n = 8) attained maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) (60 +/- 4 ml X min-1 X kg-1) by the time they ran at 17.7 km/h. At VO2max, 87% of Q (9.9 +/- 0.5 l/min) was to skeletal muscle, which constituted 36 +/- 1% of body

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13

Cokelet, G. R., and I. H. Sarelius. "Perceived vessel lumen and cell-blood velocity ratio: impact on in vivo blood flow rate determination." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 262, no. 4 (1992): H1156—H1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.262.4.h1156.

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Microscopic images of blood flow through individual capillary segments and divergent capillary bifurcations in cremaster muscle of golden hamster were videotaped, and the data from the videotapes (projected vessel image width and individual red cell velocities) were used in two ways to evaluate blood flow rate. The first method assumes 1) that the vessel lumen is circular with a diameter equal to the projected image width and 2) that the blood average velocity is proportional to the average red cell velocity. The second method makes neither of these assumptions but relies only on the principle

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14

Gadda, G., A. Taibi, F. Sisini, M. Gambaccini, P. Zamboni, and M. Ursino. "A new hemodynamic model for the study of cerebral venous outflow." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 308, no. 3 (2015): H217—H231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00469.2014.

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We developed a mathematical model of the cerebral venous outflow for the simulation of the average blood flows and pressures in the main drainage vessels of the brain. The main features of the model are that it includes a validated model for the simulation of the intracranial circulation and it accounts for the dependence of the hydraulic properties of the jugular veins with respect to the gravity field, which makes it an useful tool for the study of the correlations between extracranial blood redistributions and changes in the intracranial environment. The model is able to simulate the averag

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15

Smiesko, V., D. J. Lang, and P. C. Johnson. "Dilator response of rat mesenteric arcading arterioles to increased blood flow velocity." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 257, no. 6 (1989): H1958—H1965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1989.257.6.h1958.

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Arcading arterioles (average diam 68 microns ID) connecting adjacent triangular vascular sectors in the rat mesentery were examined in vivo for the presence of flow-dependent vasodilation. When a feed artery to one of these sectors was occluded, the affected sector was supplied by collateral flow through the arcading arteriole, and red cell velocity in the arteriole increased by 10-66 mm/s. The velocity increase was followed (with an average delay of 7.7 s) by dilation of the arcading arteriole, which averaged 68%. The dilation was closely correlated with red cell velocity (r = 0.96), volume f

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16

Hiramoto, Yu, Haruo Nakayama, and Satoshi Iwabuchi. "Effects on intracranial cerebral blood flow by history of concussion." Neurology 91, no. 23 Supplement 1 (2018): S5.2—S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000550630.11147.e1.

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AimDecrease of intracranial cerebral blood flow is an important factor in pathophysiology of concussion. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is simple and minimally invasive tool that can evaluate intracranial cerebral blood flow.MethodWe examined University American football players, number of 81 players. In the pre-season (before interpersonal contact), We evaluated their cerebral function with SCAT and evaluated intracranial cerebral blood flow with TCD by the same examiner. Forty-five players from which TCD waveforms could clearly be depicted were targeted. We divided them into concussion group (7

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17

Petrovic, Dejan, and Biljana Stojimirovic. "Vascular access blood flow for hemodialysis: A risk factor for development of cardiovascular complications in hemodialysis patients." Medical review 60, no. 3-4 (2007): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0704183p.

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Introduction. Vascular access blood flow rate of 100-350 cm/s and between 500 and 1000 ml/min, points to normal vascular access function and adequate hemodialysis. High blood flow through the arteriovenus fistula overloads the left ventricle inducing left ventricular remodeling. Material and methods. The aim of the study was to establish the degree of correlation between blood flow through the vascular access for hemodialysis and echocardiographic parameters for the assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular dilatation and left ventricular function. The research included 1

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18

Deppe, M., S. Knecht, H. Henningsen, and E. B. Ringelstein. "AVERAGE: a Windows® program for automated analysis of event related cerebral blood flow." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 75, no. 2 (1997): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0270(97)00067-8.

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19

Mattiello, James, and Jeffrey L. Evelhoch. "Relative volume-average murine tumor blood flow measurement via deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 18, no. 2 (1991): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910180207.

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20

WELLS, M. J., and J. WELLS. "Blood Flow in Acute Hypoxia in a Cephalopod." Journal of Experimental Biology 122, no. 1 (1986): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.122.1.345.

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This paper reports a method of measuring blood flow in the dorsal aorta of Octopus vulgaris using fixed magnet flow meters. Blood flow, like blood pressure, falls progressively during acute hypoxia. Flow increases greatly as soon as the ambient Poo2 rises, with values for a given external Poo2 exceeding those found during the preceding development of hypoxia. On average, about 70% of the total systemic blood flow runs down the aorta to the head and arms; the rest goes to the gonad, to the mantle, to the coronary circulation and to the guts. This pattern remains unchanged as the ambient POO2 fa

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21

Stonebridge, P. A., P. R. Hoskins, P. L. Allan, and J. F. F. Belch. "Spiral Laminar Flow in Vivo." Clinical Science 91, no. 1 (1996): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0910017.

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1. Blood flow patterns are poorly understood despite their impact on arterial disease. There have been few measurements in vivo of the three-dimensional blood flow patterns; we present the results of such studies using a new non-invasive in-vivo method of examining biplanar arterial blood flow patterns. 2. Multiple colour Doppler ultrasound directional velocity images were obtained at two different beam target angles from the artery in the plane perpendicular to its axis. Ensemble average images were constructed; the absolute velocity and direction were calculated by compounding the left and r

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22

Clark, James M., Brett E. Skolnick, Robert Gelfand, et al. "Relationship of 133Xe Cerebral Blood Flow to Middle Cerebral Arterial Flow Velocity in Men at Rest." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 16, no. 6 (1996): 1255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-199611000-00021.

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Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by 133Xe clearance simultaneously with the velocity of blood flow through the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) over a wide range of arterial PCO2 in eight normal men. Average arterial PCO2, which was varied by giving 4% and 6% CO2 in O2 and by controlled hyperventilation on O2, ranged from 25.3 to 49.9 mm Hg. Corresponding average values of global CBF15 were 27.2 and 65.0 ml 100 g min−1, respectively, whereas MCA blood-flow velocity ranged from 42.8 to 94.2 cm/s. The relationship of CBF to MCA blood-flow velocity over the imposed range of arterial PCO2 w

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23

Dupuis, J., C. A. Goresky, J. L. Rouleau, G. G. Bach, A. Simard, and A. J. Schwab. "Kinetics of pulmonary uptake of serotonin during exercise in dogs." Journal of Applied Physiology 80, no. 1 (1996): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.80.1.30.

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The multiple indicator-dilution technique was employed in the exercising dog to evaluate the effect of increasing activity on the pulmonary extraction and kinetics of removal of tracer 3H-labeled serotonin (5-HT) and on the measured central blood volume and tracer-accessible extravascular lung water. 51Cr-labeled red blood cells, 125I-labeled albumin, and 14C-labeled 1,8-octanediol were injected with labeled 5-HT at rest and at two increasing levels of exercise (lower and higher in 9 dogs). Blood flow approximately tripled at the highest level of exercise, and the central blood volume increase

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Kuwahira, I., N. C. Gonzalez, N. Heisler, and J. Piiper. "Regional blood flow in conscious resting rats determined by microsphere distribution." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 1 (1993): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.1.203.

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To determine organ blood flow in the resting state, a box was designed to keep conscious untrained rats minimally disturbed. Blood pressure, heart rate, and organ blood flow, determined by the microsphere distribution and reference sampling technique, were measured in 11 Sprague-Dawley rats. After an acclimation period, 15-microns-diameter microspheres labeled with 113Sn were infused into the ascending aorta, a reference blood sample was withdrawn from the caudal artery, and organ blood flows were computed according to standard procedures. The average values of heart rate (365 beats/min) and b

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Malagutti, Nicolò, Dean M. Karantonis, Shaun L. Cloherty, et al. "Noninvasive Average Flow Estimation for an Implantable Rotary Blood Pump: A New Algorithm Incorporating the Role of Blood Viscosity." Artificial Organs 31, no. 1 (2007): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.2007.00339.x.

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Madsen, P. L., B. K. Sperling, T. Warming, et al. "Middle cerebral artery blood velocity and cerebral blood flow and O2 uptake during dynamic exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 1 (1993): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.1.245.

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Results obtained by the 133Xe clearance method with external detectors and by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) suggest that dynamic exercise causes an increase of global average cerebral blood flow (CBF). These data are contradicted by earlier data obtained during less-well-defined conditions. To investigate this controversy, we applied the Kety-Schmidt technique to measure the global average levels of CBF and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) during rest and dynamic exercise. Simultaneously with the determination of CBF and CMRO2, we used TCD to determine mean maximal flow veloci

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Weinbaum, S., and L. M. Jiji. "A New Simplified Bioheat Equation for the Effect of Blood Flow on Local Average Tissue Temperature." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 107, no. 2 (1985): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3138533.

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A new simplified three-dimensional bioheat equation is derived to describe the effect of blood flow on blood-tissue heat transfer. In two recent theoretical and experimental studies [1, 2] the authors have demonstrated that the so-called isotropic blood perfusion term in the existing bioheat equation is negligible because of the microvascular organization, and that the primary mechanism for blood-tissue energy exchange is incomplete countercurrent exchange in the thermally significant microvessels. The new theory to describe this basic mechanism shows that the vascularization of tissue causes

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Kröger, K., J. Nettelrodt, C. Müntjes, U. Neudorf, A. Feuersenger, and A. A. Schmaltz. "Femoral Artery Blood Flow in Infants and Children." Journal for Vascular Ultrasound 29, no. 2 (2005): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154431670502900204.

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Background We measured Doppler parameter of common femoral artery (CFA) blood flow in infants and children and investigated how far these parameters change with age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area (BSA). Material and Methods CFA was investigated in 97 infants and children (43 females, 54 males, ages ranged from 0.13 to 220 months) on both sides in a supine position after 5 min rest using a 7.5-MHz linear transducer (Type Elegra, Siemens, Germany) 1 cm proximal to the femoral bifurcation. Peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, blood flow volume, mean avera

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Kulabukhova, I. S., and L. N. Eliseeva. "Peripheral blood flow in patients with graves’ disease depending on level of thyroid status compensation." Kazan medical journal 94, no. 6 (2013): 804–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1794.

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Aim. To study the features of peripheral blood flow using laser Doppler flowmetry in patients with Graves’ disease depending on level of thyroid status compensation. Methods. 45 patients with Graves’ disease were divided into three groups 15 patients each depending on level of thyroid status compensation. The first group included patients with compensated hyperthyroidism, the second - with subcompensated hyperthyroidism, the third - with decompensated hyperthyroidism. All patients received combined thyrotropic (thiamazole 15-30 mg, average dose 22.4±1.7 mg) and cardio- and vasotropic therapy (

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Oliver, M. J., L. J. Edwards, D. J. Treleaven, K. Lambert, and P. J. Margetts. "Randomized Study of Temporary Hemodialysis Catheters." International Journal of Artificial Organs 25, no. 1 (2002): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139880202500107.

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Temporary catheters are still essential for acute dialysis access but their performance has not been compared in randomized trials. We conducted a randomized trial of our standard catheter and a newly designed catheter. The primary outcome was maximized blood flow over the entire use of the catheter. Seventy-six patients provided maximum blood flows. The new catheter provided an average blood flow of 349 ml/min and the standard catheter provided flows of 320 ml/mm (p=0.09). Lumen reversal occurred in 56.8% of dialysis sessions with the standard catheter compared to 27.4% with the new catheter

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House, S. D., and P. C. Johnson. "Microvascular pressure in venules of skeletal muscle during arterial pressure reduction." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 250, no. 5 (1986): H838—H845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1986.250.5.h838.

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It has been suggested from whole organ studies that the viscosity of blood in skeletal muscle venules varies inversely with flow over physiological flow ranges. If this is the case, the hydrostatic pressure gradient in venules should change less than flow as flow is altered. To test this hypothesis, pressure in venules of cat sartorius muscle was measured during stepwise arterial pressure reduction to 20 mmHg. Large vein pressure remained constant at about 5 mmHg. Average pressures in the large venules (40–185 microns) ranged from 13.6 to 10.0 mmHg. The difference between pressure in these ven

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Matsumoto, Takeshi, Hiroyuki Tachibana, Takahisa Asano, et al. "Pattern differences between distributions of microregional myocardial flows in crystalloid- and blood-perfused rat hearts." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 286, no. 4 (2004): H1331—H1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00120.2003.

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Regional myocardial flow distributions in Langendorff rat hearts under Tyrode and blood perfusion were assessed by tracer digital radiography (100-μm resolution). Flow distributions during baseline and maximal hyperemia following a 60-s flow cessation were evaluated by the coefficient of variation of regional flows (CV; related to global flow heterogeneity) and the correlation between adjacent regional flows (CA; inversely related to local flow randomness). These values were obtained for the original images (642 pixels) and for coarse-grained images (322, 162, and 82 blocks of nearby pixels).

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Wagner, C. D., and P. B. Persson. "Nonlinear chaotic dynamics of arterial blood pressure and renal blood flow." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 268, no. 2 (1995): H621—H627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.268.2.h621.

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To determine whether arterial pressure (AP) and renal blood flow (RBF) are nonlinear dynamic processes (chaotic), we measured resting AP and RBF over 4 h in six conscious dogs. A catheter was placed in the aorta, and transit-time flowmeters were positioned around the renal artery. The average AP was 102 +/- 3 mmHg, and the mean RBF was 318 +/- 42 ml/min. We applied four analytic procedures to test the nature of AP and RBF time series, i.e., to determine if these variables are controlled randomly, if they consist of periodic oscillations, or whether they are best characterized as nonlinear dyna

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Buchler, B., S. Magder, and C. Roussos. "Effects of contraction frequency and duty cycle on diaphragmatic blood flow." Journal of Applied Physiology 58, no. 1 (1985): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.1.265.

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The effects of diaphragmatic contraction frequency (no. of intermittent tetanic contractions/min) at a given tension-time index and of duty cycle (contraction time/total cycle time) on diaphragmatic blood flow were measured in anesthetized mongrel dogs during bilateral supramaximal phrenic nerve stimulation. Diaphragmatic blood flow was measured by the radionuclide-labeled microsphere method. Contraction frequency was varied between 10 and 160/min at duty cycles of 0.25 and 0.75. Diaphragmatic blood flow increased with contraction frequency from 1.47 +/- 0.13 ml X min-1 X g-1 (mean +/- SE) at

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Porter, M. J., J. Marais, and N. Tolley. "Comparison of cocaine alone or with adrenaline on nasal mucosal blood flow." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 105, no. 11 (1991): 918–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100117815.

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AbstractCocaine is commonly used in ENT practice for its vasoconstrictor and anaesthetic properties. It is sometimes combined with adrenaline. The laser Doppler Flowmeter was used to compare the effect of 5 per cent concaine alone or with adrenaline (1 in 1,000) on nasal mucosal blood flow.The results show an average fall in blood flow of 76.7 per cent for cocaine with adrenaline, compared to 61.2 per cent with concaine alone. The difference is significant (P<0.05). The time taken for the blood flow to fall was an average of 131 s and 160 s respectively. These differences are not significan

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Chen, Tong, Xudong Liu, Biao Si, et al. "Comparison between Single-Phase Flow Simulation and Multiphase Flow Simulation of Patient-Specific Total Cavopulmonary Connection Structures Assisted by a Rotationally Symmetric Blood Pump." Symmetry 13, no. 5 (2021): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13050912.

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To accurately assess the hemolysis risk of the ventricular assist device, this paper proposed a cell destruction model and the corresponding evaluation parameters based on multiphase flow. The single-phase flow and multiphase flow in two patient-specific total cavopulmonary connection structures assisted by a rotationally symmetric blood pump (pump-TCPC) were simulated. Then, single-phase and multiphase cell destruction models were used to evaluate the hemolysis risk. The results of both cell destruction models indicated that the hemolysis risk in the straight pump-TCPC model was lower than th

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Secomb, Timothy W., Katherine V. Bullock, David A. Boas, and Sava Sakadžić. "The mass transfer coefficient for oxygen transport from blood to tissue in cerebral cortex." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 40, no. 8 (2019): 1634–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x19870068.

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The functioning of cerebral cortex depends on adequate tissue oxygenation. MRI-based techniques allow estimation of blood oxygen levels, tissue perfusion, and oxygen consumption rate (CMRO2), but do not directly measure partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in tissue. To address the estimation of tissue PO2, the oxygen mass transfer coefficient (KTO2) is here defined as the CMRO2 divided by the difference in spatially averaged PO2 between blood and tissue, and is estimated by analyzing Krogh-cylinder type models. Resistance to radial diffusion of oxygen from microvessels to tissue is distributed wi

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Hendrix, Rik HJ, Alexander KS Yeung, Yuri M. Ganushchak, and Patrick W. Weerwind. "The effect of flow and pressure on the intraoxygenator flow path of different contemporary oxygenators: an in vitro trial." Perfusion 35, no. 7 (2020): 658–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659119899883.

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Introduction: This study analyzed the effect of different flows and pressures on the intraoxygenator flow path in three contemporary oxygenators and its consequences for oxygen transfer efficiency. Methods: In an experimental setup, intraoxygenator flow path parameters were analyzed at post-oxygenator pressures of 150, 200, and 250 mm Hg and at flows ranging from 2 L/min to the oxygenators’ maximum permitted flow, with and without pulsatility. The oxygen gradient and the oxygen transfer per minute and per 100 mL blood were calculated using previously collected clinical data and compared with t

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Glenny, R. W., W. J. Lamm, R. K. Albert, and H. T. Robertson. "Gravity is a minor determinant of pulmonary blood flow distribution." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 2 (1991): 620–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.2.620.

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Regional pulmonary blood flow in dogs under zone 3 conditions was measured in supine and prone postures to evaluate the linear gravitational model of perfusion distribution. Flow to regions of lung that were 1.9 cm3 in volume was determined by injection of radiolabeled microspheres in both postures. There was marked perfusion heterogeneity within isogravitational planes (coefficient of variation = 42.5%) as well as within gravitational planes (coefficient of variation = 44.2 and 39.2% in supine and prone postures, respectively; P = 0.02). On average, vertical height explained only 5.8 and 2.4%

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Brancatisano, A., W. T. Kelly, E. M. Baile, P. Pare, and L. A. Engel. "Blood flow distribution to upper airway muscles." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 4 (1993): 1928–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.4.1928.

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Radiolabeled (15-microns) microspheres were used to measure blood flow to upper airway muscles [alae nasi (AN), intrinsic laryngeal, tongue, cervical strap, and hyoid musculature], diaphragm (DI), and parasternals (PS) during spontaneous breathing in 24 anesthetized tracheotomized supine dogs. Six dogs were also studied while -28 +/- 3 (SE) cmH2O tracheal airway pressure was generated against an inspiratory resistance (IR) (upper airway bypassed). Blood flow to posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) [24.0 +/- 2.1 (SE) ml.min-1.100 g-1] was greater than that to DI (18.0 +/- 2.3 ml.min-1.100 g-1)

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Glenn, G. M., M. H. Laughlin, and R. B. Armstrong. "Muscle blood flow and fiber activity in partially curarized rats during exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 63, no. 4 (1987): 1450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.4.1450.

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We previously reported that low doses of d-tubocurarine attenuated glycogen loss in red muscles of rats during treadmill walking but that the initial hyperemia in the muscles was normal. The present studies were performed to 1) determine with electromyography (EMG) whether red muscle fiber activity is reduced in walking, curarized rats and 2) study muscle blood flow and glycogen loss during running with different doses of curare (dose response). At 0.5 min of treadmill walking (15 m/min), integrated EMG in vastus intermedius (VI) muscle was reduced by an average of 18% in curarized (60 microgr

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Pekar, J., L. Ligeti, T. Sinnwell, C. T. W. Moonen, J. A. Frank, and A. C. McLaughlin. "19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cerebral Blood Flow with 0.4-cc Resolution." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 14, no. 4 (1994): 656–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1994.82.

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19F magnetic resonance imaging techniques were used to determine “wash-in” and “wash-out” curves of the inert, diffusible gas CHF3 from 0.4-cc voxels in the cat brain, and mass spectrometer gas detection was used to determine the CHF3 concentration in expired air. These two sets of data were used to calculate cerebral blood flow values in the 0.4-cc voxels, and the blood flow images were registered with high-resolution 1H magnetic resonance images. Data were collected both during the wash-in and wash-out phases of the experiment, but the two sets of data were analyzed separately to obtain inde

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Scheel, K. W., G. Daulat, H. J. Mass, and S. E. Williams. "Intramural coronary collateral flow in dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 258, no. 3 (1990): H679—H682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.258.3.h679.

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The objective of this study was to determine whether intramural collaterals contribute significantly to total retrograde flow (index of collateral flow). The left circumflex, left anterior descending, right, and septal coronary arteries were separately cannulated, and blood flows through these vessels were monitored on an isolated, blood-perfused beating heart preparation. Epicardial collaterals between the borders of the circumflex and right coronary perfusion territories were cauterized, and retrograde flow from the circumflex coronary artery was determined before and after cauterization. Th

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Lee, Sang Joon, Han Wook Park, and Sung Yong Jung. "Usage of CO2microbubbles as flow-tracing contrast media in X-ray dynamic imaging of blood flows." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 5 (2014): 1160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577514013423.

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X-ray imaging techniques have been employed to visualize various biofluid flow phenomena in a non-destructive manner. X-ray particle image velocimetry (PIV) was developed to measure velocity fields of blood flows to obtain hemodynamic information. A time-resolved X-ray PIV technique that is capable of measuring the velocity fields of blood flows under real physiological conditions was recently developed. However, technical limitations still remained in the measurement of blood flows with high image contrast and sufficient biocapability. In this study, CO2microbubbles as flow-tracing contrast m

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Tan, Hui Li, Ke Zhao Bai, Fan Rong Kong, Li Jin, and Hua Bing Li. "Study on the Blood Flow with Rolling Manipulation of Traditional Chinese Massage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (December 2013): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.197.

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A 2D model of a blood vessel under rolling manipulation (RM) is presented. The numerical simulations of blood flow are based on lattice Boltzmann method. It is found thatRMcan increase the blood flow. DifferentRMfrequency () has different influence on flow. When the frequency is equal to the pulsing flow frequency,the average flow over one period is the largest. Streamlines diagrams in different time when are given. Vortexes can be seen in the region under the stenosis. The distributions of streamlines change periodically.

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Hakim, T. S., R. Lisbona, R. P. Michel, and G. W. Dean. "Role of vasoconstriction in gravity-nondependent central-peripheral gradient in pulmonary blood flow." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 2 (1993): 897–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.2.897.

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To examine the effect of vasoconstriction on the gravity-nondependent distribution of pulmonary blood flow, albumin macroaggregates labeled with either 99mTc or 111In were injected at end expiration into dogs (anesthetized, supine, and breathing room air spontaneously). The first dose of macroaggregates was injected during baseline conditions and the second during infusion of serotonin or histamine. Five minutes after the second injection, the chest was opened and the lungs were removed, drained of blood, and dried while fully inflated. Single photon emission computed tomography was performed

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Lifson, N., C. V. Lassa, and P. K. Dixit. "Relation between blood flow and morphology in islet organ of rat pancreas." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 249, no. 1 (1985): E43—E48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1985.249.1.e43.

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By intra-arterial postmortem staining of the pancreas with hematoxylin after the administration of nonradioactive microspheres to anesthetized unfasted rats, the following values (+/-SE) were obtained: mean single islet volume, 1.00 +/- 0.12 nl (median 0.32 +/- 0.04 nl, n = 14); pancreatic intensity of perfusion, 1.18 +/- 0.14 ml X min-1 X g-1 (n = 10); percentage of pancreatic flow to islets, 6 +/- 1% (n = 10); single islet blood flow, 20 +/- 3 ml X min-1 (n = 10); and islet perfusion, 19 +/- 3 ml X min-1 X g-1 (n = 10). Perfusion of islet tissue was calculated to be above average for very sm

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Kinoshita, Yoshihiro, and William W. Monafo. "Nerve and muscle blood flow during hindlimb ischemia and reperfusion in rats." Journal of Neurosurgery 80, no. 6 (1994): 1078–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1994.80.6.1078.

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✓ Animal models of peripheral nerve ischemia have yielded variable results. The question of whether postischemia re-establishment of blood flow to the nerves augments injury has not been examined. To study this question, the ipsilateral common iliac and femoral arteries were occluded with arterial snares for 3 hours in rats; 14-butanol tissue distribution was then used to measure blood flow in both sciatic and posterior tibial nerve trunks and in both biceps femoris muscles during occlusion and reperfusion. Clinical limb function was graded serially, with the undisturbed contralateral limb ser

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Lim, Einly, Dean M. Karantonis, John A. Reizes, Shaun L. Cloherty, David G. Mason, and Nigel H. Lovell*. "Noninvasive Average Flow and Differential Pressure Estimation for an Implantable Rotary Blood Pump Using Dimensional Analysis." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 55, no. 8 (2008): 2094–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2008.919723.

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Lassen, Niels A. "Normal Average Value of Cerebral Blood Flow in Younger Adults is 50 ml/100 g/min." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 5, no. 3 (1985): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1985.48.

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