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1

Khanizadeh, Mehrbod. "Zoroastrian ritual and exegetical traditions: the case of the Iranian Pahlavi Yasna." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 84, no. 3 (October 2021): 469–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x21000781.

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AbstractThe manuscripts of the Iranian Pahlavi Yasna contain two consecutive colophons, the second of which relates the story of how their common ancestor manuscript, which combines the Avestan text of the Yasna with its Pahlavi version, was created. It is argued that Rōstahm Dād-Ohrmazd produced the first Pahlavi Yasna manuscript by taking the Avestan text from one manuscript and the Pahlavi text of a manuscript by Farrbay Srōšayār. Furthermore, it is argued that Rōstahm Dād-Ohrmazd wrote this manuscript both for himself and for Mahayār Farroxzād, who was from the province of Bīšāpuhr. The manuscript of Rōstahm Dād-Ohrmazd was then copied by Māhwindād Narmāhān, who composed the second colophon. This article also discusses the first colophon as it appears in the Iranian Pahlavi Yasna manuscript T54, which differs from other manuscripts of this group as it includes a passage written by a scribe called Kāyūs. It is argued that T54 was produced by Kāyūs, who added this passage to its first colophon. Furthermore, variant readings of these two colophons in two manuscripts of the Iranian Pahlavi Yasna, which also include Kāyūs's passage, are discussed. Unlike T54, Kāyūs's passage forms a separate colophon in these two manuscripts. It is suggested the two colophons are corrected according to the mindset of their respective scribes.
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2

Cantera, Alberto. "Lost in transmission: The case of the Pahlavi-Vīdēvdād manuscripts." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 73, no. 2 (June 2010): 179–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x10000042.

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AbstractAll extant Pahlavi-Vīdēvdād (PV) manuscripts derive from a single copy. The binding of this copy was damaged early on, and some folios were lost and others displaced. A detailed analysis of the extant manuscripts allows us to reconstruct the original order and to discover where some folios are lost, but in previous editions (especially of the Pahlavi translation), this fact was not always noted appropriately and numerous errors occurred. Moreover, other typical transmission errors in this common source have slipped into all extant PV manuscripts and caused omissions of several fragments of the Avestan text and its Pahlavi translation, hence the importance of the Sādes for the edition of the Avestan text of the Vīdēvdād. Geldner was, unfortunately, too confident in the quality of the PV manuscripts and omitted from his edition Avestan texts that should have been included. But not every difference between the Avestan text of the Sāde and Pahlavi manuscripts can be attributed to the transmission. One of the most important differences is the omission of fragard 12 in the Pahlavi-Vīdēvdād manuscripts. Since its omission cannot be attributed to transmission, an alternative explanation for this important difference is proposed.
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3

Jügel, Thomas. "Peculiarities of Avestan Manuscripts for Computational Linguistics." Journal for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics 27, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/jlcl.27.2012.161.

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4

CANTERA, A., and M. DE VAAN. "The colophon of Avestan manuscripts Pt4 and Mf4." Studia Iranica 34, no. 1 (June 10, 2005): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/si.34.1.583513.

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5

Gholami, Saloumeh. "Remnants of Zoroastrian Dari in the Colophons and Sālmargs of Iranian Avestan Manuscripts." Iranian Studies 51, no. 2 (October 12, 2017): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2017.1378070.

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6

Gholami, Saloumeh, and Mehraban Pouladi. "Colophons and Marginal Notes of the Avestan Manuscripts of the Pouladi’s Collection in Yazd." Iranian Studies 52, no. 1-2 (March 4, 2019): 3–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2019.1605286.

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7

Cantera, Alberto. "Fire, the Greatest God (ātarš … mazišta yazata)." Indo-Iranian Journal 62, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 19–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15728536-06201004.

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Abstract The lack of evidence for the existence of fire temples in ancient Iran has been used as an argument for the absence of the concept of the “eternal fire” in the Avestan texts. However, a new analysis of the final section of the Long Liturgy shows that the fire was usually removed from the sacrificial area before the recitation of Yasna 62.7 and transported back to the “house of men” from which it had been taken. As such, the Long Liturgy partly appears as a functional equivalent of the bōy dādan ceremonies performed for the feeding of the fire at the fire temples in later times. This new reading of the final section of the liturgy is the result of a re-evaluation of the manuscripts, highlighting the shortcomings of previous editions of the Long Liturgy. Furthermore, the new interpretation approaches the Long Liturgy from a non Yasna-centric perspective, taking into account the Yasna as well as the Visperad (and other variants).
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8

Cantera, Alberto, and Jaime Martínez-Porro. "Sasanian Rituals and their Continuity in the Avestan Liturgical Manuscripts: the Double Āb-Zōhr of the Dō-Hōmāst." Sasanian Studies: Late Antique Iranian World. Sasanidische Studien: Spätantike iranische Welt 1 (2022): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.13173/sst.1.029.

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9

Doroodi, Mojtaba, and Farrokh Hajiani. "A Clarification of the Terms Dakhma and Astodān on the Basis of Literary Records and Archeological Research in Fars Province." Journal of Persianate Studies 14, no. 1-2 (August 10, 2022): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18747167-bja10022.

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Abstract The terms dakhma (open-air tomb) and astodān (ossuary) are often used interchangeably despite the fact that they refer to two distinct structures with different meanings in pre-Islamic Iranian burial practices. The present study explores the differences between the two structures, along with burial-related terms used by ancient Persians, by examining ancient and medieval Iranian manuscripts and by conducting a field study of surviving artifacts from ancient times. The results show that dakhma (or dakhmagāh) was a general term referring to the entire burial site and its constituent elements—as opposed to the specific astodān. Both of these structures should be differentiated from small hollowed ledges on the edges or surfaces of mountains, which were engraved as late as the early Islamic period (seventh to ninth centuries), even though the terms dakhma and astodān appear in their inscriptions. Although the latter have led some scholars to conflate the terms, the present study finds that these small stone structures and hollows are neither dakhma nor astodān, but rather served as a symbolic memorial to the departed. Furthermore, other burial-related structures in the environs of the dakhma, including mortar-shaped hollowed stones (sang-ābs) and cascade-like stone grooves (called sor-sor-e hāy-e sangi), which have received scant attention, can be traced back to Zoroastrian rituals in Avestan texts and point to the presence of a dakhma. Finally, the present field study, which explored ancient burial sites in the Marvdasht plain in Fars Province, includes unique information and details that are presented here for the first time.
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10

Jügel, Thomas. "Repetition analysis function (ReAF) I." Indogermanische Forschungen 120, no. 1 (October 16, 2015): 177–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2015-0010.

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Abstract Repetitions are relevant for several aspects of historical philology. With regard to Avestan, they may allow for the identification of ceremonial frames or opening and closing sections revealing the compositional structure of a ceremony. In case of manuscript comparison, the question arises whether a variant appears only once or in all of its repetitive passages. Furthermore, by analysing the compositional structure we may be able to detect ceremonial structures different to the practice of today. A secondary aspect relates to the interpretation of the grammaticality of Young Avestan passages. The repetition analysis provides evidence that passages which are hitherto considered ill-formed actually follow the rules of Avestan grammar. The scope of this study is to investigate computational means for detecting repetitive sequences. It represents a case study of the manuscript J2 by means of tools that were set up in the LOEWE priority programme Digital Humanities at the Goethe University Frankfurt am Main: a digital lexicon, a letter discrimination matrix for Avestan, and the programme Repetition Analysis Function. The article ReAF I offers some basic observations on repetitive sequences in the manuscript J2 and lays the foundation for ReAF II (Jügel forthc.), where the results of the repetition analyses will be used to discuss the compositional structure of the Yasna.
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11

Jügel, Thomas. "Repetition Analysis Function (ReAF) II." Indogermanische Forschungen 121, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2016-0001.

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Abstract Up to this point, most editions of Avestan texts have been concerned with interpreting the text. Although repetitions and abbreviations were known, they were often ignored since they did not offer new insight into the understanding of the meanings of words. The present study takes the opposite approach. Ignoring the meaning of the text (at first), it tries to detect the compositional structure of the Yasna ceremony by concentrating on formal matters such as specific closing sections, frames, etc. In a second step, the content is considered in order to offer interpretations for the compositional structure. In ReAF I (Jügel 2015), information on the technical and theoretical background of the tool “Repetition Analysis Function” (ReAF) was given and textual units were identified. In ReAF II, the results of the ReAF for the Yasna ceremony as it appears in the manuscript J2 will be presented in detail. Furthermore, I will offer an interpretation of how to transfer the structural results to an analysis of the compositional structure of the Yasna. This also allows for the formulation of assumptions on the ceremonial structure.
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12

Jabborova, Matluba. "ON THE GENESIS OF THE IMAGE OF JAMSHID." Golden scripts 1, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.gold.2019.2/orwh7162.

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There are many Turkic superheroes depicted in the ancient folklore, literary fiction, and historic prose. For centuries, people in many regions of ancient Uzbekistan and Iran glorified the extraordinary traits of brave Jamshid who is famous for his immortality, symbol of happiness, and creator of all handcrafts and professions.This article introduces the historical ethno genesis of Jamshid, how his characters developed with time into a symbol of bravery, immortality, glory, and prosperity. The very first image of Jamshid can be found in the Iranian manuscripts of ancient “Avesto” and Indian mythology. Additionally, the author observes the interpretation of Jamshid in various historically works and literary fiction.
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Bauer, Carlos, Elaine Dal Mas Dias, Patrícia Aparecida Bioto, Maurício Perondi, and Leandro Rogério Pinheiro. "Inquietudes, mobilizações sociais e desafios permanentes." Cadernos de Pós-graduação 22, no. 1 (June 29, 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/cpg.v22n1.24664.

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O primeiro semestre de 2023 se desenvolveu de forma vertiginosa, trazendo desde o seu primeiro instante não apenas a expectativa política que as arbitrariedades e as ações de lesa humanidade patrocinadas pelos governos de Temer e de Bolsonaro pudessem ser superadas e o país ingressasse um círculo virtuoso de desenvolvimento econômico e social.Mas, também, pela demonstração de truculência dos apoiadores bolsonaristas que, diante dos resultados das urnas que lhes foram desfavoráveis, escancararam o desapreço que nutrem pelas prerrogativas constitucionais vigentes no país, lançaram mão de invasões às sedes dos três poderes, com o uso de métodos terroristas, com o intuito de criar um clima de discórdia e temor entre a população que favorecesse a intervenção das Forças Armadas e a decretação de um golpe de Estado no país.As primeiras ações de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, no exercício do seu terceiro mandato à frente da presidência da república, têm sido assim marcadas por posicionamentos favoráveis às reformas sociais que proclamou em sua campanha eleitoral e o enfrentamento de enormes dificuldades, principalmente, no âmbito da articulação política no Congresso Nacional, que tem criado empecilhos para que as propostas possam ser colocadas em prática.No que tange ao envolvimento da juventude com a política educacional no Brasil, neste momento, a discussão em torno do Novo Ensino Médio (Lei 13.415/17) é a que tem se mostrado mais acalorada, com a intensa movimentação das entidades estudantis realizando manifestações públicas e proclamando que "a revogação do Novo Ensino Médio é o passaporte para construção de uma nova escola e a reconstrução do país".Para os representantes da maioria das uniões metropolitanas de estudantes secundaristas (UMES) e da União Brasileira dos Estudantes Secundaristas (UBES), tem sido importante dizer que não houve nenhuma preocupação das autoridades governamentais em estabelecer o diálogo com as entidades representativas dos estudantes, dos professores e demais trabalhadores da educação e da sociedade civil em geral, priorizando, os acertos por cima com o Instituto Ayrton Senna, com a Fundação Lemann, com a Fundação Itaú para Educação e Cultura, com o Todos pela Educação, entre outros organismos pautados na defesa dos interesses empresariais e mercantis na esfera educacional. Há de se reconhecer que a vitória de Lula em 2022 representa uma enorme esperança de que possam se operar significativas mudanças sociais no país, porém, mesmo que os obstáculos políticos, econômicos e financeiros que se oponham ao ideário reformista sejam superados, também, é preciso ter ciência de que continuamos aprisionados num momento da história em que as promessas da cidadania e de uma vida digna não foram alcançadas por amplas parcelas da população.Com a educação dos jovens, entendida como um bem fundamental para o exercício da sua sociabilidade, do usufruto da cultura e plena formação humana e qualificação profissional, não temos uma exceção, pelo contrário, sua negação tem se constituído em uma mácula de longa duração na história brasileira. Imersos numa cotidianidade que faz apelo ao consumo e culto ao mercado, em sua grande maioria, os jovens contemporâneos experimentam a falta de oportunidades, a indiferença, a intolerância e o medo de não encontrarem o seu lugar no mundo. Por sua vez e de maneira alvissareira, os jovens se organizam e impulsionam movimentos políticos e sociais, constituem entidades que dinamizam e fortalecem a sociedade civil e proclamam transformar a vida, produzindo uma historicidade do tempo presente, avessa aos estereótipos e visões deterministas do seu papel social. Em contraposição a uma sociedade que enaltece o individualismo, os jovens, com criatividade e de forma coletiva produzem diferentes formas de atuação e de exercício da resistência, vinculam-se as causas ambientais, constroem casas em mutirões, participam de ações comunitárias, organizam apresentações teatrais, saraus poéticos e festivais de música, construindo sua identidade política embasados num sentimento de solidariedade e de pertencimento social. Mas as coisas não são nada fáceis, pois ainda estamos muito longe de garantir uma educação integral aos jovens brasileiros, com garantias de renda que os impeça de se proletarizarem e abandonarem os estudos diante da insensibilidade e da negligência governamental. Dossiê No presente número da revista Cadernos de pós-graduação oferecemos à comunidade acadêmica da Área da Educação, o segundo volume do dossiê “Juventude e ações políticas” que contou com a colaboração dos professores Maurício Perondi e Leandro Pinheiro, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRS) em sua organização, constituído das seguintes contribuições.No artigo Democratização psicossocial: aprendizado e desenvolvimento em ocupações escolares paulistas, ao abordar, a partir de perspectivas histórico-culturais e freirianas, processos de aprendizado e desenvolvimento ocorridos durante ocupações estudantis paulistas nos anos de 2015 e 2016, Leandro Amorim Rosa e Salvador Antonio Mireles Sandoval observam que as mesmas foram marcadas por processos de autogestão. Por intermédio das entrevistas, dos grupos focais e observações dos estudantes, demonstraram, segundo afirma o artigo, que os estudantes envolvidos desenvolverem relações e subjetividades mais conscientes, ativas e potentes.Escrevendo sobre as Perspectivas marxistas para uma análise dos movimentos sociais: um breve estudo bibliográfico, Isadora Cabreira da Silva adota duas premissas investigativas: 1) Possibilidades para a análise dos movimentos sociais a partir da perspectiva marxista e 2) Relações entre o marxismo e os movimentos sociais. A pesquisa que desenvolve é bibliográfica, centrada nas obras de Marx e orientada pelas considerações de Dallari acerca da importância da participação política no cotidiano da vida social.Em Violência e as produções de “verdades”: (des) encontros discursivos entre as mídias hegemônicas e juventudes do loteamento Kephas/RS as autoras Tatiane de Oliveira, Dinorá Tereza Zucchetti e Pâmela Marconatto Marques, com base em Foucault, discutem a produção de um estigma violento acerca da vida no loteamento. Em contrapartida, as narrativas de nove jovens moradores apontam que tem assistido, ao longo dos anos, a diminuição da violência no território. Anunciam, então, que outras narrativas podem ser construídas sobre o Kephas.Vanessa Rodrigues Porciúncula, autora de Redes, resistências e as lutas pela educação: uma experiência de diálogo no PPGEDU-UFRGS discute sobre a participação da juventude nos movimentos estudantis: o caráter educativo dos movimentos e a formação de uma coletividade juvenil. Parte, neste sentido, da sistematização das reflexões do Seminário Juventudes e Ação Política: individuações, reflexividades e redes de mobilizações.No artigo Estratégias encontradas pelos jovens de periferia para enfrentar os desafios causados pela pandemia, sua articulista, Gabrieli Oliveira da Silva, refletiu sobre as vivências de jovens que frequentam o Serviço de Convivência e Fortalecimento de Vínculo em São Leopoldo (RS) no ano de 2020. Aponta que o SCFV, seguindo seupropósito, foi um espaço de convivência, cidadania, desenvolvimento do protagonismo e da autonomia do público atendido.Investigando, por procedimentos documentais e bibliográficos, se o movimento secundarista de ocupações das escolas públicas de Educação Básica ocorrido nos anos de 2015 e 2016 pode impulsionar a ocupação e a luta pela sobrevivência da escola pública, as autoras deEducação política: o protagonismo dos estudantes secundaristas,Caroline Ferreira do Amaral e Sônia Aparecida Siquelli, afirmam que a ação política emergiu do interior do próprio movimento, em prol dos interesses do coletivo de jovens, além de promover uma educação de consciência política da importância da instituição escolar.Mulheres poetas, que expõem, trabalham sua dor e a usam como material para produzir poesia nas competições de poetryslamé o objeto de estudo do artigo Retalhando o que nos fere discurso de resistência das mulheres no Poetry Slam. O autor desse manuscrito, Natã Neves do Nascimento, vê nessas mulheres e em suas poesias a declaração de que elas estão vivas, conscientes, que a dor não as calou ou extinguiu, que elas querem ser ouvidas e que suas poesias sejam usadas como material de discussão da dor e do sofrimento feminino.Com autoria de Cristina Miyuki Hashizume e Andrea Guerra Pedros, a discussão do textoProfessores e formação de jovens em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa: alfabetização, projeto de vida e protagonismo jovem se dá acerca da constituição identitária, do protagonismo, dos conflitos e do contexto social e institucional de jovens alunos em internação. Trabalhando com os relatos dos professores acerca a alfabetização dos alunos e com as falas dos alunos que discutem seus projetos de vida, a argumentação do artigo é construída. Artigos Na consolidação deste volume da Revista Cadernos de Pós-graduação inserimos os seguintes artigos que foram submetidos à avaliação do periódico de forma espontânea pelos seus autores.Refletindo acerca de uma aula experimental de Química, em que houve o planejamento em conjunto (entre o professor regente e o intérprete), os autores concluíram que atividades experimentais objetivando a formação de conceitos se constituem como modo de favorecera compreensão de conceitos científicos por parte dos alunos surdos, indicando que esta prática pode reverter o quadro de dificuldade de aprendizagem apresentada pelos alunos surdos na disciplina. Esta é a discussão do artigo Possibilidade de inclusão de alunos surdos por meio de uma situação de ensino-aprendizagem da disciplina Química, de autoria de Fernando Barcellos Razuck e Renata Cardoso de Sá Ribeiro Razuck, cuja base teórica para discutir deficiência está em Vigostky.Em A socialização da educação em Stephen Duggan e Antonio Gramsci – as “sombras fabricadas” em meio às tensões do Estado moderno entre os séculos XIX e XX discute-se as perspectivas da “socialização” no espaço educacional levantadas por Duggan, cotejando-as com paradigmas científicos do pensamento de Antonio Gramsci. A obra de Duggan é indicada pelo articulista Marcos Antônio Macedo das Chagas como profícua para a discussão das tensões educacionais atuais.No contexto de discussão de uma alternativa à mercantilização da educação superior, o artigo de Wagner Pires da Silva e Neiva Afonso Oliveira, Expansão e mercantilização da Educação Superior, procura apresentar argumentos a favor da construção de uma práxis libertadora na universidade, partindo das contribuições pedagógicas de Paulo Freire. A discussão se justifica no cenário de expansão desse nível de ensino, que tem se apresentado, no mercado educacional, como um nicho lucrativo de negócios.
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Gholami, Saloumeh. "The Zoroastrian Manuscripts of the Rostam Jāmāsb’s Family and a New Dating of Videvdād 4100." DABIR, March 19, 2024, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/29497833-20230001.

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Abstract The manuscripts of two sons of Rostam Jāmāsb, Tīrān and Šahrām, are thematized in various works, including Mazdapour, Andrés-Toledo and Cantera, Boroumand Amin, Cantera, Martínez-Porro. One of the important manuscripts of this family is Videvdād 4100. Previous scholarship indicates that this manuscript was copied in 1871 AD. This date has been used as a basis for further orthographical and palaeographical analysis of this family’s manuscripts and for clarifying their relationship to other Avestan manuscripts. In this article, however, I argue that this date is incorrect. Furthermore, it has led to ambiguities in dating and interpretation of orthographical and palaeographical characteristics of other Rostam Jāmāsb manuscripts. Based on genealogical information from the colophons of the family’s Avestan manuscripts, as well as the results from other Zoroastrian manuscripts newly discovered, I review previous attempts to date the family’s manuscripts and offer a new dating for ms. 4100. I also aim to reconstruct the family tree of the Rostam Jāmāsb family as well as the history of their manuscripts. I argue that uncertainty of the calendar era in the colophons and marginalia yields incorrect results, highlighting the importance of considering all calendar era variants for correct evaluation of data.
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Šafiʿī, Ibrāhīm. "Fārsīgraphy in Zoroastrian Middle Persian Manuscripts." Iranian Studies, July 18, 2023, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/irn.2023.21.

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Abstract The tradition of writing in Iran has a long history, and its continuous development has, from time to time, led to new scripts. A most notable case is that of Perso-Arabic's replacement of Pahlavi script when New Persian replaced Middle Persian, resulting in Zoroastrian priests having difficulties reading and understanding their religious texts. The process of changing scripts is well attested by the tradition of Pāzand. Although Pāzand was considered one of the first types of transliteration in Iran, this tradition was also gradually abandoned due to its reliance on Avestan script, which was and continues to be uncommon. Avestan script is now found in Zoroastrian Middle Persian (Pahlavi) manuscripts, just as Pāzand was traditionally used for earlier texts. Pāzand–i.e., transcription of Middle Persian in the Avestan alphabet–was used for some time, but was eventually abandoned for scripts in common use, i.e., Persian in Persia and Gujarati and Devanagari in India. In this paper, the aim is to identify and categorize this tradition's characteristics in Pahlavi manuscripts, drawing on manuscripts from the fifty-three volumes published by the Asia Institute of the Pahlavi University of Shiraz, as listed in the Appendix.
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König, Götz. "On the Yašt Gāhān (= Gāh Sārnā)." DABIR, March 19, 2024, 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/29497833-20230002.

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Abstract The Gāϑās are known to be a central building block of the Yasna/Visparad liturgy as well as of the Vīdēvdād Sāde and Vīštāsp Yašt Sāde, liturgies which are based on the Visparad. The functional difference of these liturgies (the Yasna/Visparad are intertwined with sacrificial, the Vīdēvdād with purification acts; the function of the Vīštāsp Sāde is obscure) shows that the Gāϑās can be used in a variety of ritual contexts, in other words, that they are hermeneutically open. In Zoroastrian Studies the impression prevails that the Gāϑās could and can be used only in connection with their Younger Avestan embedding in the Yasna and in the Long Liturgy. However, with the text Yašt Gāhān, in which the first Gāϑā encounters a liturgical embedding that corresponds to that of the so-called Short Liturgies, there is a counter-example attested to in the manuscripts. Remnants of a parallel use of the second Gāϑā indicate a) that once (probably before the 2nd millennium CE) all five Gāϑās could be recited in the way the Yašt Gāhān is recited still today, and b) that the five Gāϑās formed perhaps a liturgical sequence also beyond the Yasna ritual complex. Since the Yašt Gāhān is a liturgy in the context of the rites of the dead – it is recited at the moment when the corpse is lifted up and carried out of the house – it seems reasonable to assume that a recitation of all five Gāϑās formed once the chant accompanying the dead from the place of death to the daxme. Furthermore, there are indications that there was a connection between the separate recitation of the five Gāϑās and the five (or twice five) year-end days named after the five Gāϑās.
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Aghaei, Ali, Faranak Bahrololoumi, Irka Hajdas, Rasul Jafarian, Lili Kordavani, and Michael Marx. "RADIOCARBON DATING OF MANUSCRIPTS KEPT IN THE CENTRAL LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEHRAN." Radiocarbon, February 2, 2023, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2023.2.

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ABSTRACT This article discusses radiocarbon dating results of documents preserved at the Central Library of the University of Tehran (hereafter, CLUT) as part of the project “Irankoran.” The paper adds new evidence to an ongoing campaign of dating Qurʾāns and Oriental manuscripts by the Corpus Coranicum Project. The dated manuscripts include one kūfī fragment of the Qurʾān on parchment (no. 10950) and a selection of Islamic and Persian manuscripts, all from the second millennium: the Arabic dictionary Muǧmal al-Luġah (Meškāt no. 203), the medical encyclopedia Ḏaḫīrah-ye Kh w ārazmšāhī (no. 5156), the epic Panǧ Ganǧ of Neẓāmī (no. 5179), the book of wisdom Ādāb al-Falāsifah (no. 2165) attributed to Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq (d. 873 CE), and one of the oldest extant manuscripts of the Avesta Wīdēwdād (no. 11263). Although the authenticity of their colophons is disputed, radiocarbon dating supports the dates of the colophons; even in cases where they were suspected of being tampered with, they most likely present the accurate original dates of the corresponding manuscripts. Only in the case of Ādāb al-Falāsifah (no. 2165), radiocarbon dating of the parchment has identified the manuscript as non-authentic. Inconsistent carbon dating results of two samples taken from Ḏaḫīrah-ye Khwārazmšāhī (no. 5156) and Panǧ Ganǧ (no. 5179) provide evidence of later replaced/added leaves.
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18

Kobiljonov, Kosimjon, and Gulxae Akramova. "ESSENCE OF THE INITIAL EDUCATION OF THE ZOROASTRIANS." Конференции, December 22, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47100/.v1i1.146.

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In this article, based on the analysis of the "Avesta", ancient edifyingtexts and manuscripts of the Zoroastrians, the views and thoughts of the Zoroastriansabout education and training are substantiated.
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19

KÖNIG, GÖTZ. "Remarks on the Iranian Xorde Avesta Sāde manuscripts 6135 (YL2-17) and 6187 (MZK6) (Notes on the Xorde Avesta VIII)." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, May 25, 2021, 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186321000262.

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Abstract Until 1854, the date of publication of Westergaard's Zendavesta,2 Europe was unacquainted with the Iranian recension of the Xorde Avesta. In his edition Westergaard was able to make use of three Sāde manuscripts for the first time, which he himself acquired during his stay in Persia between 1841 and 1844: 6115 (K36 [= M1]) (IrXA Sāde) from 1724, 6870 (K37 [= M2]) (IrXA Sāde in NP script + Faroxšī) from the 19th century, 3100 (K38 [= M3]) (Faroxšī, very close to 3095 [Suppl.persan1191]) from 1814.3
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