Contents
Academic literature on the topic 'Avfallsförbränning'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Avfallsförbränning.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Avfallsförbränning"
Löfgren, Helena. "NOx-reducering vid avfallsförbränning." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-158644.
Full textWaste incineration is used to reduce the volume of waste, destruction of hazardous waste and to extract energy in combined heat and power plants (CHP). Umeå Energi’s CHP Dåva 1 incinerates municipal solid waste (MSW) and other hazardous waste. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are formed in the combustion process. The emission of NOx is regulated in Sweden’s regulation SFS 2013:253 and law 1990:613. Dåva 1 uses selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) with ammonia as flue gas treatment, to reduce NOx in the flue gas. Some of the ammonia in the process remains unreacted (ammonia slip) and it probably contributes to corrosion in the colder economizer. Umeå Energi wants to reduce the NOx emissions without increasing the ammonia related corrosion of the economizer. In the present study, the possibility to reduce NOx formation by SNCR optimization was evaluated. Furthermore an investigation on the use of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) in waste incineration plants in Sweden, and whether it is beneficent to install in Dåva 1, was included. The current efficiency of the SNCR system was tested by switching of the ammonia in short periods of time and measuring and logging the flue gas composition. The efficiency (80 %) proved to be very high if operated at the optimal temperature. ButHowever, the test also showed that the temperature limits for the injection levels could be optimized for improved efficiency. Improved efficiency at all temperatures could reduce both NOx emission and ammonia use. The use of SCR in Swedish waste incineration plants was investigated through interviews. It was found that only five plants are equipped with SCR and they were placed in the clean gas position – after electrostatic precipitatorelectric filter and wet scrubber treatment. The contents of the flue gas was examined monitored at three positions at Dåva 1. The content of SO2, HCl and dust were measured, which in combination with ammonia can cause coating with reduces the efficiency of the catalyst. All three positions were located after the textile filters and had low contents of dust. Position A was located between the textile fabric filters and the economizers and was the hottest position with 205℃. Position B was located after the economizers and had the temperature of 145℃. Position C had the cleanest and thereby the safest position for a catalyst, due to its location after all the flue gas treatments, but the temperature was only 65℃ and requires most re-heating of the flue gas. Since the SNCR system proved to have potential to be more efficient, it should be optimized before considering an investment in a SCR system.
Lysell, Sara. "Livscykelanalys av avfallsförbränning och biogasproduktion." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21064.
Full textLife cycle assessment as a method is used to evaluate products or services from “cradle to grave”. A life cycle assessment of municipal waste incineration with energy recovery is conducted with the software SimaPro. The result is compared with life cycle assessment conducted on biogas production from food waste, the comparison shows the process with the least impact on the environment. Incineration of municipal waste contributes to reduced environmental impact with 63.9 kg CO2-equivalents per ton waste. Biogas production reduces the environmental impact with 11.6 kg CO2-equivalents per ton food waste. Incineration of municipal waste is the treatment with the least environmental impact. Power generation with waste as fuel is unsustainable long term, waste is an unsustainable fuel and the European Union is actively working to reduce the generation of waste.
Filipson, John. "Informationssystem för avfallsförbränning enligt Naturvårdsverkets förbränningsdirektiv." Thesis, University West, Department of Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-336.
Full textLindberg, Melica. "Samverkan, miljöstrategi och verktyg, i beslutsprocessen för avfallsförbränning." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2513.
Full textDet pågår utbyggnad av avfallskapacitet i Sverige samtidigt är statens strategi rörande avfallshanteringen otydlig. Föreliggande studies syfte är att analysera hur aktörer på olika nivåer samverkat och att se vilka drivande faktorer som funnits i beslutsprocessen kring byggandet av avfallsförbränningsanläggningar. Det huvudsakliga teoretiska perspektivet i studien är hämtat från Sexton et al. De menar att en integration av perspektiv från företag, myndigheter och samhälle är en av nycklarna till bättre miljöbeslut. De menar också att verktyg som är framtagna för att ge vägledning för olika beslut kan vara användbara vid beslutsprocesser. En kvalitativ intervjumetodik har använts för att besvara syftena. Tio respondenter har intervjuats från tre fall, där det nyligen beslutats om upprättande eller utbyggnad av avfallsförbränningsanläggningar. Dessa är lokaliserade i ett och samma län i Sverige. Studiens syfte besvarades med hjälp av ett analysinstrument som växte fram. Vid analysen av de olika frågeområdena skapades kodenheter som belyser innehållet i intervjumaterialet. I uppsatsen diskuteras resultaten och förhålls till de teoretiska perspektiven som lyfts fram i studien och tidigare forskning på området.
Resultatet indikerar att aktörers samverkan mellan olika nivåer och dimensioner är bristfällig. Det förefaller som byggandet av avfallsförbränningsanläggningar drivs av initiativ på bolags/projektnivån, medan andra nivåer (lokal-, regional-, nationell- och europeisknivå) och miljöstrategiska dimensioner är svagt företrädda i beslutsprocessen. Drivande faktorer av ekonomisk och marknadsmässig karaktär framstår som de starkaste drivkrafterna i beslutsprocessen för att upprätta avfallsförbränningsanläggningar i de undersökta fallen. Även drivande faktorer i form av lagar och regleringar ses som starka. Genom studiens resultat verkar det som om verktyg i form av hjälpmedel för kunskapshantering och beslutstöd av ekonomi och marknadsmässig karaktär styr inriktningen och utformningen av projekten att upprätta en avfallsförbränningsanläggning. Det verkar inte som användningen av verktyg av miljöstrategisk karaktär används i samma utsträckning och har då inte heller möjlighet att vara styrande. Jag tror att det finns en potential hos miljöstrategiska verktyg att påverka samverkan mellan aktörer vid upprättande och utbyggnad av avfallsförbränning och påverka hanteringen av miljöfrågor i beslutsprocessen.
Laggren, Anna. "Avsättningsmöjligheter för slaggrus från avfallsförbränning vid Åmotfors Energi." Thesis, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-229651.
Full textKarolina, Bengtsdotter. "Interaktioner mellan svavel, klor och kvicksilver vid avfallsförbränning." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-148911.
Full textFor a long time, mercury has been a very popular to use in different kinds of products due to its unique properties. Which has led to a lot of different things containing mercury ends up in waste plants to be incinerated. Mercury are also considered to be one of the most dangerous substances and therefore emissions needs to be kept at minimum. Oxidizing mercury from its form Hg0 to Hg2+ is considered to be extremely important due to the later are easier to remove from the flue gas. The main objective with this thesis was to investigate if mercury would exist more in its elementary form Hg0 than its oxidized state Hg2+ in the flue gas when the ratio between sulfur and chlorine was changed. The former is insoluble in water and therefore difficult to remove from the flue gas with today’s cleaning facility’s. It is also considered one of the more dangerous substances in the world. The project was done in collaboration with Umeå Energi AB. The method that was used to explore this was measuring the mercury content of the flue gas from the waste fired boiler Dåva 1 outside Umeå. The measurement was done with and without extra sulfur added to the fuel in the form of car tires. An additional analysis was done on the ash from the fabricfilter and from the superheater to see if there was something there to give some clarity on why there would be any change in the amount of mercury. The measurement did indeed indicate that sulfur increases the amount of mercury in the flue gas. The main theory to why this has occurred was the increased amount of SO3, which could be found in the flue gas when extra sulphur was added. SO3 is then absorbed by the activated carbon that is added to the flue gas that should have absorbed Hg0 instead. However, this result is not conclusive and further studies needs to be done. Another possible theory to why this has occurred could be that the increase of sulfur could lead to more Na2SO4 in the particle filter. Which could have led to a decrease of NaCl in the filter that could perhaps be a more efficient oxidizing agent of Hg0 than HCl. Another thing that has been revealed is that the cleaning systems that is used today is capable of cleaning mercury from the flue gas even though the added sulfur caused an increase in the amount.
Öberg, Annica. "Askor från avfallsförbränning farligt avfall eller en framtida resurs." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26576.
Full textThe combustion of waste is increasing in Sweden and the waste is not an entirely definable fuel. This is very much economically and environmentally defensible by the high quality of smoke purification, which ensures that a very small percentage of pollutants reaching the atmosphere, but on the other hand they are concentrated in the ash. Ashes from the incineration of waste go largely to landfills and are used to cap or to be deposited, and that a large amount of fly ash is transported to Langöya. Within a decade, the landfill will be completed covered and Langöya fulfilled, while the amount of ashes from the incineration are increasing, which would require new solutions. The reason for the particular fly ash as hazardous waste is the concentration of heavy metals and pollutions emanating from the fuel. It has been researched for years about the methods that provide environmentally sound use and methods to reduce the environmental impact of ashes, but further research is needed to find answer to the long-term environmental impact and alternative uses. Are ashes from waste hazardous waste or a future resource, a difficult question to answer, because there is much work needed from politicians, government agencies, industry, research and the general public attitude towards waste separation to successfully transform a hazardous waste into a resource.
Jung, Jonas. "Energikartläggning av avfallsförbränningen i Uppsala." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-126233.
Full textVattenfall Heat Uppsala runs the waste incineration plant in Uppsala, which produces district heating, process steam, district cooling and electricity. Vattenfall Heat Uppsala has decided to introduce an energy management system with the aim to increase the energy efficiency of the plant. The basis in such a system is to make an energy mapping.
In this thesis an energy mapping has been performed at the waste incineration plant with the aim to identify and determine the size of energy flows. The investigated energy flows are used fuel, produced and used steam, produced district heating and cooling. Also the use of electricity to run the processes has been investigated. The results have also been used to look at the energy flows in the perspective of exergy to investigate how the quality of different energy forms are used in the processes.With the results of the energy mapping, potential for energy efficiency measures has been identified.
The results from the mapping shows that the use of electricity is low compared to similar plants and therefore any major actions to lower the use of electricity have not been found. Many internal processes use steam for different types of heating. The pressure of the used steam is often reduced by reducing valves, which causes a loss of exergy. Calculations show that theoretically about 30 GWh of electricity could be produced if the steam instead expands in turbines to reduce its pressure.
Lantto, Therese. "Logistiska utmaningar : Med avseende på radioaktivitet i anläggningar för avfallsförbränning." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Maskinteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40854.
Full textKonsultföretaget Rejlers har fått i uppdrag av E.ON Värme i Norrköping att införa radioaktivitetskontroller på ankommande avfall på Händelöverket. Det görs genom att installera detektorer som läser av strålningen i samband med att lastbilen åker in på området. Om lasten innehåller något radioaktivt avfall kommer detektorn att larma. Ger inte detektorn något larm får lastbilen åka in på området och tippa lasten i avfallshallen. Vad som ska göras när lasten innehåller radioaktivt avfall är dock svårt att veta, då det inte existera några klara riktlinjer för detta. Därför utförs detta examensarbete av en student på Jönköpings Tekniska Högskola. Syftet med arbetet är att ge förslag på en korrekt logistisk hantering med avseende på lagkrav från detektering till sluthantering. Tre frågeställningar formulerades för att arbetet ska kunna uppfylla syftet. Den första frågeställningen handlade om att identifiera och analysera E.ON:s nuvarande avfallslogistik. Den andra frågeställningen besvarar vad det finns för lagar och rekommendationer för en förbränningsanläggning som behöver hantera radioaktivt avfall. Den sista frågeställningen behandlar hur andra företag hanterar larm i en sådan detektor. Arbetet har haft en kvalitativ inriktning i form av en fallstudie, där empirin har insamlats framförallt genom intervjuer med bland annat andra förbränningsanläggningar och Strålskyddsmyndigheten. Personer från tre olika förbränningsanläggningar intervjuades där de fick berätta hur hanteringen av radioaktivt avfall ser ut på deras företag. För att få svar på vad det finns för lagar och rekommendationer för en förbränningsanläggning, intervjuades en person från Strålskyddsmyndigheten. Den information som insamlades från fallstudien analyserades med den litteratur och dokumentation som samlades in till det teoretiska ramverket. Utifrån analysen kunde sedan ett resultat fås i form av ett förslag på en teoretiskt fungerande hantering. Detta förslag presenteras i form av ett flödesdiagram med tillhörande beskrivning. Vid larm ska detta flöde följas för att enkelt få en överblick i hur hanteringen ska se ut.
Öberg, Sofia. "Metod för beräkning av andelen fossilt kol i avfallsbränsle." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Mekanisk värmeteori och strömningslära, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-102835.
Full textFrom 2013 waste-to-energy (WTE) plants in Sweden are included in the European Union Emissions Trading System, EU ETS. EU ETS involves only carbon emissions created by fossil fuels. Household waste and industrial waste, which is the fuel, consists of a mixture of biogenic and fossil fuels. This amendment imposes new demands on measurement accuracy and reporting of fossil part of carbon emissions. In the current situation there are a number of methods to carry out these measurements, but these methods are highly expensive. This work is carried out on behalf of Tekniska verken, Linköping, which owns and operates WTE plants and thus have strong interest in this result. The aim of this work is to investigate whether a new calculation method can be applied and if the method is reliable for the determination of fossil carbon in the emissions. When starting the work an equation for the heating value was available. This equation was the basis for the further calculation of the proportion of the fossil and biogenic fuels in the waste. The method was recommended to be based on the facility's existing operational data. To tackle the main problem, the work started with a review of the literature .To make the calculations, knowledge of the fuel heating value and the biogenic and fossil fuel heating value were needed. Due to these parameters the method was divided into six different areas and related equations, which are reported below. o Mass Balance / waste composition o Heat Value Calculation o Water Balance / moisture in fuel o Ash content o Effect relationships o Flue gas The calculation method published in this work might work theoretically, but for reliable results further studies in each area are required. The calculation method requires many measurement signals which makes the method become uncertain. Small changes in the measured signals provide a major impact on the method's final results, i.e the proportion of fossil carbon in the waste. This means that the method requires reliable measurement data with small uncertainties to produce a correct outcome. Before the implementation of the calculated method the recommendation is to verify the method with other known methods, such as 14C - analysis.