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Journal articles on the topic 'Avian Borna Virus'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Rinder, Monika, Andreas Ackermann, Hermann Kempf, Bernd Kaspers, Rüdiger Korbel, and Peter Staeheli. "Broad Tissue and Cell Tropism of Avian Bornavirus in Parrots with Proventricular Dilatation Disease." Journal of Virology 83, no. 11 (2009): 5401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00133-09.

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ABSTRACT Avian bornaviruses (ABV), representing a new genus within the family Bornaviridae, were recently discovered in parrots from North America and Israel with proventricular dilatation disease (PDD). We show here that closely related viruses are also present in captive European parrots of various species with PDD. The six ABV strains that we identified in clinically diseased birds are new members of the previously defined ABV genotypes 2 and 4. Viruses of both genotypes readily established persistent, noncytolytic infections in quail and chicken cell lines but did not grow in cultured mamm
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2

Staeheli, Peter, Monika Rinder, and Bernd Kaspers. "Avian Bornavirus Associated with Fatal Disease in Psittacine Birds." Journal of Virology 84, no. 13 (2010): 6269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02567-09.

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ABSTRACT Thanks to new technologies which enable rapid and unbiased screening for viral nucleic acids in clinical specimens, an impressive number of previously unknown viruses have recently been discovered. Two research groups independently identified a novel negative-strand RNA virus, now designated avian bornavirus (ABV), in parrots with proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), a severe lymphoplasmacytic ganglioneuritis of the gastrointestinal tract of psittacine birds that is frequently accompanied by encephalomyelitis. Since its discovery, ABV has been detected worldwide in many captive pa
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3

Wensman, Jonas Johansson, Muhammad Munir, Srinivas Thaduri, et al. "The X proteins of bornaviruses interfere with type I interferon signalling." Journal of General Virology 94, no. 2 (2013): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.047175-0.

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Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic, negative-stranded RNA virus causing persistent infection and progressive neurological disorders in a wide range of warm-blooded animals. The role of the small non-structural X protein in viral pathogenesis is not completely understood. Here we investigated whether the X protein of BDV and avian bornavirus (ABV) interferes with the type I interferon (IFN) system, similar to other non-structural proteins of negative-stranded RNA viruses. In luciferase reporter assays, we found that the X protein of various bornaviruses interfered with the type I IFN sy
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4

Payne, Susan L., Pauline Delnatte, Jianhua Guo, J. Jill Heatley, Ian Tizard, and Dale A. Smith. "Birds and bornaviruses." Animal Health Research Reviews 13, no. 2 (2012): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252312000205.

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AbstractIn 2008, avian bornaviruses (ABV) were identified as the cause of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD). PDD is a significant condition of captive parrots first identified in the late 1970s. ABV infection has subsequently been shown to be widespread in wild waterfowl across the United States and Canada where the virus infects 10–20% of some populations of ducks, geese and swans. In most cases birds appear to be healthy and unaffected by the presence of the virus; however, infection can also result in severe non-suppurative encephalitis and lesions similar to those seen in parrots wit
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5

Villanueva, Itamar, Patricia Gray, Negin Mirhosseini, et al. "The diagnosis of proventricular dilatation disease: Use of a Western blot assay to detect antibodies against avian Borna virus." Veterinary Microbiology 143, no. 2-4 (2010): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.11.041.

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6

Gilbert, C., J. M. Meik, D. Dashevsky, D. C. Card, T. A. Castoe, and S. Schaack. "Endogenous hepadnaviruses, bornaviruses and circoviruses in snakes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1791 (2014): 20141122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1122.

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We report the discovery of endogenous viral elements (EVEs) from Hepadnaviridae, Bornaviridae and Circoviridae in the speckled rattlesnake, Crotalus mitchellii , the first viperid snake for which a draft whole genome sequence assembly is available. Analysis of the draft assembly reveals genome fragments from the three virus families were inserted into the genome of this snake over the past 50 Myr. Cross-species PCR screening of orthologous loci and computational scanning of the python and king cobra genomes reveals that circoviruses integrated most recently (within the last approx. 10 Myr), wh
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7

VOROU, R. M., V. G. PAPAVASSILIOU, and S. TSIODRAS. "Emerging zoonoses and vector-borne infections affecting humans in Europe." Epidemiology and Infection 135, no. 8 (2007): 1231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268807008527.

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SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to assess and describe the current spectrum of emerging zoonoses between 2000 and 2006 in European countries. A computerized search of the Medline database from January 1966 to August 2006 for all zoonotic agents in European countries was performed using specific criteria for emergence. Fifteen pathogens were identified as emerging in Europe from 2000 to August 2006:Rickettsiaespp.,Anaplasma phagocytophilum,Borrelia burgdorferi,Bartonellaspp.,Francisella tularensis, Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus,Hantavirus, Toscana virus, Tick-borne encephalitis vi
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8

MAIDANA, NORBERTO A., and HYUN M. YANG. "ASSESSING THE SPATIAL PROPAGATION OF WEST NILE VIRUS." Biophysical Reviews and Letters 03, no. 01n02 (2008): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179304800800071x.

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In this work we study a spatial model for the West Nile Virus (WNV) propagation across the USA from the east to the west. WNV is an arthropod-borne flavivirus that appeared at first time in New York city in the summer of 1999 and then spread prolifically within birds. Mammals, as human and horse, do not develop sufficiently high bloodstream titers to play a significant role in transmission, which is the reason to consider the mosquito-bird cycle. The proposed model aims to study this propagation in a system of partial differential reaction-diffusion equations considering the mosquito and the a
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9

Jiménez de Oya, Escribano-Romero, Blázquez, Martín-Acebes, and Saiz. "Current Progress of Avian Vaccines Against West Nile Virus." Vaccines 7, no. 4 (2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040126.

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Birds are the main natural host of West Nile virus (WNV), the worldwide most distributed mosquito-borne flavivirus, but humans and equids can also be sporadic hosts. Many avian species have been reported as susceptible to WNV, particularly corvids. In the case that clinical disease develops in birds, this is due to virus invasion of different organs: liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and mainly the central nervous system, which can lead to death 24–48 h later. Nowadays, vaccines have only been licensed for use in equids; thus, the availability of avian vaccines would benefit bird populations, both
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10

Halwe, Nico Joel, Marco Gorka, Bernd Hoffmann, et al. "Egyptian Fruit Bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) Were Resistant to Experimental Inoculation with Avian-Origin Influenza A Virus of Subtype H9N2, But Are Susceptible to Experimental Infection with Bat-Borne H9N2 Virus." Viruses 13, no. 4 (2021): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040672.

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Influenza A viruses (IAV) of subtype H9N2, endemic in world-wide poultry holdings, are reported to cause spill-over infections to pigs and humans and have also contributed substantially to recent reassortment-derived pre-pandemic zoonotic viruses of concern, such as the Asian H7N9 viruses. Recently, a H9N2 bat influenza A virus was found in Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus), raising the question of whether this bat species is a suitable host for IAV. Here, we studied the susceptibility, pathogenesis and transmission of avian and bat-related H9N2 viruses in this new host. In a first e
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11

Jeffries, C. L., K. L. Mansfield, L. P. Phipps, et al. "Louping ill virus: an endemic tick-borne disease of Great Britain." Journal of General Virology 95, no. 5 (2014): 1005–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.062356-0.

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In Europe and Asia, Ixodid ticks transmit tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a flavivirus that causes severe encephalitis in humans but appears to show no virulence for livestock and wildlife. In the British Isles, where TBEV is absent, a closely related tick-borne flavivirus, named louping ill virus (LIV), is present. However, unlike TBEV, LIV causes a febrile illness in sheep, cattle, grouse and some other species, that can progress to fatal encephalitis. The disease is detected predominantly in animals from upland areas of the UK and Ireland. This distribution is closely associated with
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12

Zhang, Hongbo, Yan Li, Jianjun Chen, Quanjiao Chen, and Ze Chen. "Perpetuation of H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses in natural water bodies." Journal of General Virology 95, no. 7 (2014): 1430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.063438-0.

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Water bodies are an important route for the spread and transmission of avian influenza virus (AIV). The determining factor for an AIV to transmit through diffusion in water is the term of viability of the virus in the water body. To better understand the perpetuation of AIV in natural water bodies, and thus the risks of AIV spread and transmission via such bodies, we systematically studied the inactivation dynamics of two AIV strains (H5N1 and H9N2) at different temperatures in water bodies of important migratory bird habitats within China (Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, the Hubei segment of the
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13

Diagne, Moussa, Marie Ndione, Nicholas Di Paola, et al. "Usutu Virus Isolated from Rodents in Senegal." Viruses 11, no. 2 (2019): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11020181.

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Usutu virus (USUV) is a Culex-associated mosquito-borne flavivirus of the Flaviviridae family. Since its discovery in 1959, the virus has been isolated from birds, arthropods and humans in Europe and Africa. An increasing number of Usutu virus infections in humans with neurological presentations have been reported. Recently, the virus has been detected in bats and horses, which deviates from the currently proposed enzootic cycle of USUV involving several different avian and mosquito species. Despite this increasing number of viral detections in different mammalian hosts, the existence of a non
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14

Scheuch, Dorothee, Mandy Schäfer, Martin Eiden, et al. "Detection of Usutu, Sindbis, and Batai Viruses in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Collected in Germany, 2011–2016." Viruses 10, no. 7 (2018): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10070389.

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Due to the emergence of non-endemic mosquito vectors and the recent outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases, mosquito-borne pathogens are considered an increasing risk to public and animal health in Europe. To obtain a status quo regarding mosquito-borne viruses and their vectors in Germany, 97,648 mosquitoes collected from 2011 to 2016 throughout the country were screened for arboviruses. Mosquitoes were identified to species, pooled in groups of up to 50 individuals according to sampling location and date, and screened with different PCR assays for Flavi-, Alpha- and Orthobunyavirus RNA. Two po
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15

Ssematimba, Amos, Thomas J. Hagenaars, and Mart C. M. de Jong. "Modelling the Wind-Borne Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus between Farms." PLoS ONE 7, no. 2 (2012): e31114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031114.

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16

Spekreijse, Dieuwertje, Annemarie Bouma, Guus Koch, and Arjan Stegeman. "Quantification of dust-borne transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus between chickens." Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 7, no. 2 (2012): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00362.x.

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17

Vanderwerf, Eric A., Matthew D. Burt, Joby L. Rohrer, and Stephen M. Mosher. "Distribution and Prevalence of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in O’ahu ’Elepaio." Condor 108, no. 4 (2006): 770–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/108.4.770.

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AbstractAbstractThe endemic Hawaiian avifauna is one of the most imperiled on earth, and diseases have been one of the most serious causes of species declines. From 1995–2005, we mist-netted and banded 266 endangered O’ahu ’Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis ibidis) from 27 sites, examined them for visible symptoms of avian pox virus (Poxvirus avium), and screened blood samples for avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum). Pox-like lesions and malaria were found in all ’Elepaio populations on O’ahu; no parts of the island were free of these mosquito-borne diseases. Each year, 20% ± 4% of ’Elepaio ha
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18

Benzarti, Emna, and Mutien Garigliany. "In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Study the Zoonotic Mosquito-Borne Usutu Virus." Viruses 12, no. 10 (2020): 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12101116.

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Usutu virus (USUV), a mosquito-borne zoonotic flavivirus discovered in South Africa in 1959, has spread to many European countries over the last 20 years. The virus is currently a major concern for animal health due to its expanding host range and the growing number of avian mass mortality events. Although human infections with USUV are often asymptomatic, they are occasionally accompanied by neurological complications reminiscent of those due to West Nile virus (another flavivirus closely related to USUV). Whilst USUV actually appears less threatening than some other emergent arboviruses, the
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19

Petrovic, Tamas, Diana Lupulovic, Dusan Petric, et al. "WNV infection - an emergent vector borne viral infection in Serbia: Current situation." Veterinarski glasnik 69, no. 1-2 (2015): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1502111p.

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West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurovirulent mosquito-borne Flavivirus with zoonotic potential. Virus is maintained in nature in an enzootic transmission cycle between avian hosts and mosquito vectors, but occasionally infects other vertebrates. The infection in horses and humans can be asymptomatic or it can have different clinical manifestations ranging from light febrile diseases to fatal meningoencephalitis. Recently, the number, frequency and severity of outbreaks with neurological consequences for birds, humans and horses have increased dramatically throughout central and south Europe, inclu
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20

Ferraguti, Martina, Josué Martínez-de la Puente, Miguel Ángel Jiménez–Clavero, et al. "A field test of the dilution effect hypothesis in four avian multi-host pathogens." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 6 (2021): e1009637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009637.

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The Dilution Effect Hypothesis (DEH) argues that greater biodiversity lowers the risk of disease and reduces the rates of pathogen transmission since more diverse communities harbour fewer competent hosts for any given pathogen, thereby reducing host exposure to the pathogen. DEH is expected to operate most intensely in vector-borne pathogens and when species-rich communities are not associated with increased host density. Overall, dilution will occur if greater species diversity leads to a lower contact rate between infected vectors and susceptible hosts, and between infected hosts and suscep
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Ferraguti, Martina, Josué Martínez-de la Puente, and Jordi Figuerola. "Ecological Effects on the Dynamics of West Nile Virus and Avian Plasmodium: The Importance of Mosquito Communities and Landscape." Viruses 13, no. 7 (2021): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13071208.

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Humans and wildlife are at risk from certain vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and West Nile and yellow fevers. Factors linked to global change, including habitat alteration, land-use intensification, the spread of alien species, and climate change, are operating on a global scale and affect both the incidence and distribution of many vector-borne diseases. Hence, understanding the drivers that regulate the transmission of pathogens in the wild is of great importance for ecological, evolutionary, health, and economic reasons. In this literature review, we discuss the ecological fa
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O'Brien, Valerie A., Amy T. Moore, Ginger R. Young, Nicholas Komar, William K. Reisen, and Charles R. Brown. "An enzootic vector-borne virus is amplified at epizootic levels by an invasive avian host." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1703 (2010): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1098.

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23

Cooper, Lynn A., and Thomas W. Scott. "Differential Evolution of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Populations in Response to Host Cell Type." Genetics 157, no. 4 (2001): 1403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/157.4.1403.

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AbstractArthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) cycle between hosts in two widely separated taxonomic groups, vertebrate amplifying hosts and invertebrate vectors, both of which may separately or in concert shape the course of arbovirus evolution. To elucidate the selective pressures associated with virus replication within each portion of this two-host life cycle, the effects of host type on the growth characteristics of the New World alphavirus, eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus, were investigated. Multiple lineages of an ancestral EEE virus stock were repeatedly transferred through eith
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Garrison, Smith, and Golden. "Animal Models for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Human Disease." Viruses 11, no. 7 (2019): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11070590.

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an important tick-borne human pathogen endemic throughout Asia, Africa and Europe. CCHFV is also an emerging virus, with recent outbreaks in Western Europe. CCHFV can infect a large number of wild and domesticated mammalian species and some avian species, however the virus does not cause severe disease in these animals, but can produce viremia. In humans, CCHFV infection can lead to a severe, life-threating disease characterized by hemodynamic instability, hepatic injury and neurological disorders, with a worldwide lethality rate of ~20–30%. The
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Di Giallonardo, Francesca, Jemma L. Geoghegan, Douglas E. Docherty, et al. "Fluid Spatial Dynamics of West Nile Virus in the United States: Rapid Spread in a Permissive Host Environment." Journal of Virology 90, no. 2 (2015): 862–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02305-15.

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ABSTRACTThe introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999 is a classic example of viral emergence in a new environment, with its subsequent dispersion across the continent having a major impact on local bird populations. Despite the importance of this epizootic, the pattern, dynamics, and determinants of WNV spread in its natural hosts remain uncertain. In particular, it is unclear whether the virus encountered major barriers to transmission, or spread in an unconstrained manner, and if specific viral lineages were favored over others indicative of intrinsic differences in f
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Pulliam, Juliet R. C., Jonathan H. Epstein, Jonathan Dushoff, et al. "Agricultural intensification, priming for persistence and the emergence of Nipah virus: a lethal bat-borne zoonosis." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 66 (2011): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0223.

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Emerging zoonoses threaten global health, yet the processes by which they emerge are complex and poorly understood. Nipah virus (NiV) is an important threat owing to its broad host and geographical range, high case fatality, potential for human-to-human transmission and lack of effective prevention or therapies. Here, we investigate the origin of the first identified outbreak of NiV encephalitis in Malaysia and Singapore. We analyse data on livestock production from the index site (a commercial pig farm in Malaysia) prior to and during the outbreak, on Malaysian agricultural production, and fr
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27

Wang, Hong-Jiang, Xiao-Feng Li, Long Liu, et al. "The Emerging Duck Flavivirus Is Not Pathogenic for Primates and Is Highly Sensitive to Mammalian Interferon Antiviral Signaling." Journal of Virology 90, no. 14 (2016): 6538–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00197-16.

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ABSTRACTFlaviviruses pose a significant threat to both animals and humans. Recently, a novel flavivirus, duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), was identified to be the causative agent of a serious duck viral disease in Asia. Its rapid spread, expanding host range, and uncertain transmission routes have raised substantial concerns regarding its potential threats to nonavian hosts, including humans. Here, we demonstrate that DTMUV is not pathogenic for nonhuman primates and is highly sensitive to mammal type I interferon (IFN) signaling.In vitroassays demonstrated that DTMUV infected and replicated effici
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28

Dhingra, V., Q. Li, A. B. Allison, D. E. Stallknecht, and Z. F. Fu. "Proteomic Profiling and Neurodegeneration in West-Nile-Virus-Infected Neurons." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2005, no. 3 (2005): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jbb.2005.271.

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West Nile virus, a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is a human, equine, and avian pathogen. High-resolution two-dimensional differential-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) was used to characterize protein expression in primary rat neurons and to examine the proteomic profiling to understand the pathogenesis of West-Nile-associated meningoencephalitis. Three pH ranges, 3–10, 4–7, and 5–6, were used to analyze the protein spots. The proteins are labeled with fluorescent dyes Cy3 and Cy5 before being separated on the basis of charge and size respectively on a two-dimensional platform. About 55 proteins show
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Benzarti, Emna, José Rivas, Michaël Sarlet, et al. "Usutu Virus Infection of Embryonated Chicken Eggs and a Chicken Embryo-Derived Primary Cell Line." Viruses 12, no. 5 (2020): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12050531.

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Usutu virus (USUV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, closely related to the West Nile virus (WNV). Similar to WNV, USUV may cause infections in humans, with occasional, but sometimes severe, neurological complications. Further, USUV can be highly pathogenic in wild and captive birds and its circulation in Europe has given rise to substantial avian death. Adequate study models of this virus are still lacking but are critically needed to understand its pathogenesis and virulence spectrum. The chicken embryo is a low-cost, easy-to-manipulate and ethically acceptable model that closely reflects mamm
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BRUGMAN, V. A., D. L. HORTON, L. P. PHIPPS, et al. "Epidemiological perspectives on West Nile virus surveillance in wild birds in Great Britain." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 6 (2012): 1134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881200177x.

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SUMMARYWest Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogen with continued geographical expansion in Europe. We present and evaluate data on the temporal, spatial and bird species focus of the WNV surveillance programme in dead wild birds in Great Britain (2002–2009). During this period all bird samples tested negative for WNV. Eighty-two per cent of the 2072 submissions occurred during the peak period of vector activity with 53% tested during April–July before human and equine infection would be expected. Samples were received from every county, but there was significant geographical
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Simpson, Jennifer E., Paul J. Hurtado, Jan Medlock, et al. "Vector host-feeding preferences drive transmission of multi-host pathogens: West Nile virus as a model system." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1730 (2011): 925–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1282.

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Seasonal epizootics of vector-borne pathogens infecting multiple species are ecologically complex and difficult to forecast. Pathogen transmission potential within the host community is determined by the relative abilities of host species to maintain and transmit the pathogen and by ecological factors influencing contact rates between hosts and vectors. Increasing evidence of strong feeding preferences by a number of vectors suggests that the host community experienced by the pathogen may be very different from the local host community. We developed an empirically informed transmission model f
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Wastika, Christida E., Hayato Harima, Michihito Sasaki, et al. "Discoveries of Exoribonuclease-Resistant Structures of Insect-Specific Flaviviruses Isolated in Zambia." Viruses 12, no. 9 (2020): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12091017.

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To monitor the arthropod-borne virus transmission in mosquitoes, we have attempted both to detect and isolate viruses from 3304 wild-caught female mosquitoes in the Livingstone (Southern Province) and Mongu (Western Province) regions in Zambia in 2017. A pan-flavivirus RT-PCR assay was performed to identify flavivirus genomes in total RNA extracted from mosquito lysates, followed by virus isolation and full genome sequence analysis using next-generation sequencing and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. We isolated a newly identified Barkedji virus (BJV Zambia) (10,899 nt) and a novel flavivirus
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Ma, Ying, Youjun Feng, Di Liu, and George F. Gao. "Avian influenza virus, Streptococcus suis serotype 2, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and beyond: molecular epidemiology, ecology and the situation in China." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1530 (2009): 2725–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0093.

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The outbreak and spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus and the subsequent identification of its animal origin study have heightened the world's awareness of animal-borne or zoonotic pathogens. In addition to SARS, the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV), H5N1, and the lower pathogenicity H9N2 AIV have expanded their host ranges to infect human beings and other mammalian species as well as birds. Even the ‘well-known’ reservoir animals for influenza virus, migratory birds, became victims of the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus. Not only the viruses, but bacter
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Landford, Julia. "The Concept of One Health - a holistic approach." Microbiology Australia 33, no. 4 (2012): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma12139.

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‘One Health’ is a global movement of practitioners and policy-makers to support a better understanding of the ecology of diseases at the animal–human–ecosystem interface. Globally, diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1 HPAI) have resulted in significant human fatalities, animal deaths and multi-billion dollar impacts. Several recent disease events in Australia also highlight the complexity of these issues including outbreaks of Hendra virus in Queensland and northern New South Wales resultin
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Humphreys, John M., Angela M. Pelzel-McCluskey, Lee W. Cohnstaedt, et al. "Integrating Spatiotemporal Epidemiology, Eco-Phylogenetics, and Distributional Ecology to Assess West Nile Disease Risk in Horses." Viruses 13, no. 9 (2021): 1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091811.

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Mosquito-borne West Nile virus (WNV) is the causative agent of West Nile disease in humans, horses, and some bird species. Since the initial introduction of WNV to the United States (US), approximately 30,000 horses have been impacted by West Nile neurologic disease and hundreds of additional horses are infected each year. Research describing the drivers of West Nile disease in horses is greatly needed to better anticipate the spatial and temporal extent of disease risk, improve disease surveillance, and alleviate future economic impacts to the equine industry and private horse owners. To help
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Heffernan, J. M., R. J. Smith, and L. M. Wahl. "Perspectives on the basic reproductive ratio." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 2, no. 4 (2005): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2005.0042.

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The basic reproductive ratio, R 0 , is defined as the expected number of secondary infections arising from a single individual during his or her entire infectious period, in a population of susceptibles. This concept is fundamental to the study of epidemiology and within-host pathogen dynamics. Most importantly, R 0 often serves as a threshold parameter that predicts whether an infection will spread. Related parameters which share this threshold behaviour, however, may or may not give the true value of R 0 . In this paper we give a brief overview of common methods of formulating R 0 and surrog
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37

Ivan, Malík, Čižmárik Jozef, Kováč Gustáv, Pecháčová Mária, and Hudecová Lucia. "Triazavirin might be the new hope to fight Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)." Česká a slovenská farmacie 70, no. 1 (2021): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/csf2021-1-18.

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Since the beginning of the outbreak, a large number of clinical trials have been registered worldwide, and thousands of drugs have been investigated to face new health emergency of highly contagious COVID-19 caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Drug repurposing, i.e., utilizing an approved drug for a different indication, offers a time- and cost-efficient alternative for making new (relevant) therapies available to physicians and patients. Considering given strategy, many approved and investigational antiviral compounds, alone or in various relevant combi
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38

Ciota, Alexander T., Amy O. Lovelace, Susan A. Jones, Anne Payne, and Laura D. Kramer. "Adaptation of two flaviviruses results in differences in genetic heterogeneity and virus adaptability." Journal of General Virology 88, no. 9 (2007): 2398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.83061-0.

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West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first introduced into the USA in the New York City area in 1999. Since its introduction, WNV has steadily increased both its host and geographical ranges. Outbreaks of the closely related flavivirus, St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), occur in the USA periodically, but levels of activity and host range are more restricted than those of WNV. Understanding the selective pressures that drive arbovirus adaptation and evolution in their disparate mosquito and avian hosts is crucial to predicting their ability to persist and re-emerge.
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39

Lou, Fangfei, Hudaa Neetoo, Junan Li, Haiqiang Chen, and Jianrong Li. "Lack of Correlation between Virus Barosensitivity and the Presence of a Viral Envelope during Inactivation of Human Rotavirus, Vesicular Stomatitis Virus, and Avian Metapneumovirus by High-Pressure Processing." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 24 (2011): 8538–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.06711-11.

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ABSTRACTHigh-pressure processing (HPP) is a nonthermal technology that has been shown to effectively inactivate a wide range of microorganisms. However, the effectiveness of HPP on inactivation of viruses is relatively less well understood. We systematically investigated the effects of intrinsic (pH) and processing (pressure, time, and temperature) parameters on the pressure inactivation of a nonenveloped virus (human rotavirus [HRV]) and two enveloped viruses (vesicular stomatitis virus [VSV] and avian metapneumovirus [aMPV]). We demonstrated that HPP can efficiently inactivate all tested vir
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40

Costa, Erica Azevedo, José Joffre Martins Bayeux, Aila Solimar Gonçalves Silva, et al. "Epidemiological surveillance of West Nile virus in the world and Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 56, no. 4 (2020): e164335. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2019.164335.

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West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurovirulent mosquito-borne Flavivirus that is maintained in nature by a zoonotic transmissioncycle between avian hosts and ornithophilic mosquito vectors, mostly from the Culex genus. Until the 1990s, WNV wasconsidered to be an old-world arbovirus, but in 1999, WNV emerged in the United States (US) and spread rapidly, becoming amajor threat to public health. WNV adapted to the transmission cycle involving American mosquitoes and birds and reachedCentral and South America in subsequent years. In 2003, the National West Nile Fever Surveillance System was created in B
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41

Caldwell, Haley S., Erica Lasek-Nesselquist, Paisley Follano, Laura D. Kramer, and Alexander T. Ciota. "Divergent Mutational Landscapes of Consensus and Minority Genotypes of West Nile Virus Demonstrate Host and Gene-Specific Evolutionary Pressures." Genes 11, no. 11 (2020): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11111299.

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Our current understanding of the natural evolution of RNA viruses comes largely from consensus level genetic analyses which ignore the diverse mutant swarms that comprise within-host viral populations. The breadth and composition of viral mutant swarms impact viral fitness and adaptation, and the capacity for swarm plasticity is likely to be particularly important for arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) that cycle between taxonomically divergent hosts. Despite this, characterization of the relationship between the selective pressures and genetic signatures of the mutant swarm and consensus s
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42

MacInnes, Janet I. "‘Big Data’ in animal health research – opportunities and challenges." Animal Health Research Reviews 21, no. 1 (2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252319000215.

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AbstractAutomated systems for high-input data collection and data storage have led to exponential growth in the availability of information. Such datasets and the tools applied to them have been referred to as ‘big data’. Starting with a systematic review of the terms ‘informatics, bioinformatics and big data’ in animal health this special issue of AHRR illustrates some big-data applications with papers on how the use of various omics methods may be used to facilitate the development of improved diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines for foodborne pathogens in poultry and on how a better unde
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43

Izzah, L. N., Z. Majid, M. A. M. Ariff, and C. K. Fook. "GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF URBAN LAND USE PATTERN ANALYSIS FOR HEMORRHAGIC FEVER RISK – A REVIEW." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W1 (September 29, 2016): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w1-37-2016.

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Human modification of the natural environment continues to create habitats in which vectors of a wide variety of human and animal pathogens (such as Plasmodium, Aedes aegypti, Arenavirus etc.) thrive if unabated with an enormous potential to negatively affect public health. Typical examples of these modifications include impoundments, dams, irrigation systems, landfills and so on that provide enabled environment for the transmission of Hemorrhagic fever such as malaria, dengue, avian flu, Lassa fever etc. Furthermore, contemporary urban dwelling pattern appears to be associated with the preval
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44

Robertson, Stara N., Angus I. Cameron, Pablo R. Morales, and Wesley M. Burnside. "West Nile Virus Seroprevalence in an Outdoor Nonhuman Primate Breeding Colony in South Florida." Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 60, no. 2 (2021): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000029.

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West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in Florida in July 2001, with 404 human cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as of February 2020. The subtropical climate of Florida is ideal for the mosquitoes that transmit WNV. We investigated the WNV seroprevalence in 3 NHP species housed outdoors at The Mannheimer Foundation in South Florida. From January to December 2016, 520 3 to 30 y old NHP were sampled at our 2 closed sites in Homestead and LaBelle: 200 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), 212 cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), and 108 hamadryas baboons (Papio
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Olson, Mark F., Martial L. Ndeffo-Mbah, Jose G. Juarez, et al. "High Rate of Non-Human Feeding by Aedes aegypti Reduces Zika Virus Transmission in South Texas." Viruses 12, no. 4 (2020): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12040453.

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Mosquito-borne viruses are emerging or re-emerging globally, afflicting millions of people around the world. Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, is the principal vector of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses, and has well-established populations across tropical and subtropical urban areas of the Americas, including the southern United States. While intense arboviral epidemics have occurred in Mexico and further south in the Americas, local transmission in the United States has been minimal. Here, we study Ae. aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus host feeding patterns and vertebrate host
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46

Flores, Eduardo Furtado, Rudi Weiblen, Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti, et al. "Emerging animal viruses: real threats or simple bystanders?" Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33, no. 10 (2013): 1161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2013001000001.

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The list of animal viruses has been frequently added of new members raising permanent concerns to virologists and veterinarians. The pathogenic potential and association with disease have been clearly demonstrated for some, but not for all of these emerging viruses. This review describes recent discoveries of animal viruses and their potential relevance for veterinary practice. Dogs were considered refractory to influenza viruses until 2004, when an influenza A virus subtype H3N8 was transmitted from horses and produced severe respiratory disease in racing greyhounds in Florida/USA. The novel
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47

Albentosa-González, Laura, Pilar Clemente-Casares, Rosario Sabariegos, and Antonio Mas. "Usutu Virus NS5: Characterization of Polymerase Activity, Protein–Protein Interaction and Cellular Localization %MCEPASTEBIN%." Proceedings 50, no. 1 (2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020050098.

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Usutu virus (USUV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus that has rapidly propagated in birds across several European countries over the last two decades, leading to substantial avian mortalities. USUV infection in humans has been associated with a growing number of cases of neurological disease in the last years, underlining the need for increased awareness and suitable treatments. Our group is working on the characterization of the NS5 protein of USUV. This protein is responsible for the replication activity of the viral genome and can be a suitable viral target to treat the infection. NS5 contains
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48

Groener, Albrecht, and Wolfram Schäfer. "Influenzaviruses Are Inactivated by the Manufacturing Process of Plasma-Derived Products." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 2107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.2107.2107.

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Abstract Abstract 2107 Poster Board II-84 The starting material of plasma-derived products, pooled human plasma, may contain the blood-borne viruses HIV, HCV and HBV as well as HAV and B19V. The presence of these viruses in blood has led to cases of virus transmission by blood transfusions and, in the past when these pathogens were incompletely inactivated or removed, also by plasma-derived products. There is a continuous concern for the safety of the starting material for plasma-derived products regarding emerging viruses potentially present in the donor population. These viruses may not be d
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49

Mann, James G., Megan Washington, Taylor Guynup, et al. "Feeding Habits of Vector Mosquitoes in Harris County, TX, 2018." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 6 (2020): 1920–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa117.

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Abstract Mosquito-borne pathogens contribute significantly to the global burden of infectious diseases and are a continuing public health concern in the United States. Blood feeding by vector mosquitoes is a critical step in the transmission of human pathogens. Continuous surveillance of mosquito feeding patterns, especially in major population centers, is necessary for sustainable, effective control strategies. To better understand female feeding habits in Harris County, TX, we trapped mosquitoes from various locations, distributed among urban and semi-urban environments. Bloodmeal hosts were
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50

Samad, MA. "PUBLIC HEALTH THREAT CAUSED BY ZOONOTIC DISEASES IN BANGLADESH." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 9, no. 2 (2013): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i2.13451.

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Diseases and infections shared between animals and humans are mainly called zoonotic diseases which may be categorized as emerging, reemerging and neglected. All types of these diseases occur t hroughout the world including Bangladesh. The results on the prevalence and effects of zoonotic diseases in humans and animals of Bangladesh are analyzed from the published literatures and presented in this report. It appears from the literature that there are about 1415 human pathogens of which 61% are zoonotic and nearly half of all human pathogens can be classified as emerging, of which 75% of these
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