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Journal articles on the topic 'Avian diet'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Lopes, Leonardo E., Alexandre M. Fernandes, Matthew C. I. Medeiros, and Miguel Ângelo Marini. "A classification scheme for avian diet types." Journal of Field Ornithology 87, no. 3 (2016): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12158.

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2

Nurrofik, Agus, Luchman Hakim, Luhur Septiadi, and Nia Kurniawan. "Could Road Structures Impact the Avian Community? A Study Case from the South Coast Remained Forest in Malang Region, East Java Province, Indonesia." Journal of Tropical Life Science 14, no. 02 (2024): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.14.02.10.

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The remaining tropical forest on the south coast of the Malang region is one of the secluded areas that served as an important habitat for its biodiversity, particularly for avians. Nevertheless, the presence of the road structure that crosses over the forest might impact avian communities, which needs to be investigated. The avian survey was conducted to investigate the diversity, community profiles, abundance, and feeding guild based on two different ecosystem patches (on the roads versus outside the road structures) during January–April 2022. The audiovisual encounter methods were performed

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3

Hobson, Keith A., and Robert G. Clark. "Assessing Avian Diets Using Stable Isotopes II: Factors Influencing Diet-Tissue Fractionation." Condor 94, no. 1 (1992): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1368808.

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4

Arnold, Todd W., and Erik K. Fritzell. "Food habits of prairie mink during the waterfowl breeding season." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 9 (1987): 2322–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-349.

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We studied the food habits of radio-marked male mink (Mustela vison) in southwestern Manitoba from April through July of 1984 and 1985. Mammals were the major prey during April (99% of diet) and, to a lesser extent, May through July (44–21%). Muskrats, ground squirrels, and voles were the most important mammalian prey. Avian prey comprised from 55 to 75% of the diet during May, June, and July. Waterfowl (adults, ducklings, and eggs) accounted for 23% of the total diet. Other important avian prey included coots, grebes, and marsh-nesting blackbirds. We estimated total prey requirements for our

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5

Eby, Peggy. "An analysis of diet specialization in frugivorous Pteropus poliocephalus (Megachiroptera) in Australian subtropical rainforest." Australian Journal of Ecology 23, no. 5 (1998): 443–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13461541.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The Grey-headed flying fox Pteropus poliocephalus Temminck 1825 is the only mammalian frugivore to occupy substantial areas of the subtropical rainforests of eastern Australia. The composition of the E poliocephalus diet and diet specialization in the species are therefore pertinent to studies of trophic structure, seed dispersal and evolutionary processes in these forests. During a three-year diet study, P. poliocephalus used fruits from 44 species of canopy and edge plants. Their taxonomically diverse diet was dominated by the Myrtaceae and

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Eby, Peggy. "An analysis of diet specialization in frugivorous Pteropus poliocephalus (Megachiroptera) in Australian subtropical rainforest." Australian Journal of Ecology 23, no. 5 (1998): 443–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13461541.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The Grey-headed flying fox Pteropus poliocephalus Temminck 1825 is the only mammalian frugivore to occupy substantial areas of the subtropical rainforests of eastern Australia. The composition of the E poliocephalus diet and diet specialization in the species are therefore pertinent to studies of trophic structure, seed dispersal and evolutionary processes in these forests. During a three-year diet study, P. poliocephalus used fruits from 44 species of canopy and edge plants. Their taxonomically diverse diet was dominated by the Myrtaceae and

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7

Eby, Peggy. "An analysis of diet specialization in frugivorous Pteropus poliocephalus (Megachiroptera) in Australian subtropical rainforest." Australian Journal of Ecology 23, no. 5 (1998): 443–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13461541.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The Grey-headed flying fox Pteropus poliocephalus Temminck 1825 is the only mammalian frugivore to occupy substantial areas of the subtropical rainforests of eastern Australia. The composition of the E poliocephalus diet and diet specialization in the species are therefore pertinent to studies of trophic structure, seed dispersal and evolutionary processes in these forests. During a three-year diet study, P. poliocephalus used fruits from 44 species of canopy and edge plants. Their taxonomically diverse diet was dominated by the Myrtaceae and

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8

Eby, Peggy. "An analysis of diet specialization in frugivorous Pteropus poliocephalus (Megachiroptera) in Australian subtropical rainforest." Australian Journal of Ecology 23, no. 5 (1998): 443–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13461541.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The Grey-headed flying fox Pteropus poliocephalus Temminck 1825 is the only mammalian frugivore to occupy substantial areas of the subtropical rainforests of eastern Australia. The composition of the E poliocephalus diet and diet specialization in the species are therefore pertinent to studies of trophic structure, seed dispersal and evolutionary processes in these forests. During a three-year diet study, P. poliocephalus used fruits from 44 species of canopy and edge plants. Their taxonomically diverse diet was dominated by the Myrtaceae and

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9

Eby, Peggy. "An analysis of diet specialization in frugivorous Pteropus poliocephalus (Megachiroptera) in Australian subtropical rainforest." Australian Journal of Ecology 23, no. 5 (1998): 443–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13461541.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The Grey-headed flying fox Pteropus poliocephalus Temminck 1825 is the only mammalian frugivore to occupy substantial areas of the subtropical rainforests of eastern Australia. The composition of the E poliocephalus diet and diet specialization in the species are therefore pertinent to studies of trophic structure, seed dispersal and evolutionary processes in these forests. During a three-year diet study, P. poliocephalus used fruits from 44 species of canopy and edge plants. Their taxonomically diverse diet was dominated by the Myrtaceae and

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10

Behrensmeyer, Anna K., C. Tristan Stayton, and Ralph E. Chapman. "Taphonomy and ecology of modern avifaunal remains from Amboseli Park, Kenya." Paleobiology 29, no. 1 (2003): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2003)029<0052:taeoma>2.0.co;2.

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Avian skeletal remains occur in many fossil assemblages, and in spite of small sample sizes and incomplete preservation, they may be a source of valuable paleoecological information. In this paper, we examine the taphonomy of a modern avian bone assemblage and test the relationship between ecological data based on avifaunal skeletal remains and known ecological attributes of a living bird community. A total of 54 modern skeletal occurrences and a sample of 126 identifiable bones from Amboseli Park, Kenya, were analyzed for weathering features and skeletal part preservation in order to characte

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11

Rutz, Christian, Mark J. Whittingham, and Ian Newton. "Age-dependent diet choice in an avian top predator." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1586 (2005): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3353.

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Age-dependent breeding performance is arguably one of the best-documented phenomena in ornithology. The existence of age-related trends has major implications for life-history theory, but the proximate reasons for these patterns remain poorly understood. It has been proposed that poor breeding performance of young individuals might reflect lack of foraging skills. We investigated this possibility in a medium-sized, powerful raptor—the northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis . Male goshawks are responsible for providing their females and their offspring with food. We hypothesized that young males m

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12

Ahmad, Anique R., Samuel Ridgeway, Ahmed A. Shibl, Youssef Idaghdour, and Aashish R. Jha. "Falcon gut microbiota is shaped by diet and enriched in Salmonella." PLOS ONE 19, no. 1 (2024): e0293895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293895.

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The gut microbiome is increasingly being appreciated as a master regulator of animal health. However, avian gut microbiome studies commonly focus on birds of economic importance and the gut microbiomes of raptors remain underexplored. Here we examine the gut microbiota of 29 captive falcons—raptors of historic importance—in the context of avian evolution by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Our results reveal that evolutionary histories and diet are significantly associated with avian gut microbiota in general, whereas diet plays a major role in shaping the falcon gut microbiota.

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13

FECCHIO, ALAN, VINCENZO A. ELLIS, JEFFREY A. BELL, et al. "Avian malaria, ecological host traits and mosquito abundance in southeastern Amazonia." Parasitology 144, no. 8 (2017): 1117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201700035x.

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SUMMARYAvian malaria is a vector transmitted disease caused byPlasmodiumand recent studies suggest that variation in its prevalence across avian hosts is correlated with a variety of ecological traits. Here we examine the relationship between prevalence and diversity ofPlasmodiumlineages in southeastern Amazonia and: (1) host ecological traits (nest location, nest type, flocking behaviour and diet); (2) density and diversity of avian hosts; (3) abundance and diversity of mosquitoes; and (4) season. We used molecular methods to detectPlasmodiumin blood samples from 675 individual birds of 120 s

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14

Cao, Zhanyou, Chenghong Xing, Xinyi Cheng та ін. "Luteolin Attenuates APEC-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via Inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB Signal Axis in the Ileum of Chicks". Animals 13, № 1 (2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13010083.

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Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is typically the cause of avian colibacillosis, which can result in oxidative stress, inflammation, and intestinal damage (APEC). Luteolin, in the form of glycosylation flavone, has potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. However, its effects on APEC-induced intestinal oxidative stress and NF-κB-mediated inflammation in chicks remains poorly understood. After hatching, one-day-old chicks were stochastically assigned to four groups: a control group (basic diet), an E. coli group (basic diet) and L10 and L20 groups (with a dry matter of luteolin di

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15

Hristov, H. "Avian stomach anatomy – a mini review." BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 24, no. 4 (2021): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2311.

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The stomach of birds comprises three parts – glandular (proventriculus gastris), muscular (ventriculus gastris) and pyloric (pars pylorica gastris). Depending on the diet, these three parts are well differentiated in omnivorous, herbivorous, insectivorous and granivorous birds and slightly differentiated in fish- and meateaters. In fruit-eating, nectar-eating and testacivorous birds, the stomach has an intermediate structure between the two types. In some birds from the genus Tangara, the stomach is reduced to a diverticulum.

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16

da Silva, Julia Marixara Sousa, Ana Maria De Souza Almeida, Ana Carolina Borsanelli, et al. "Intestinal Microbiome Profiles in Broiler Chickens Raised with Different Probiotic Strains." Microorganisms 12, no. 8 (2024): 1639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081639.

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The composition of the intestinal microbiota can influence the metabolism and overall functioning of avian organisms. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different probiotics and an antibiotic on the microbiomes of 1.400 male Cobb® broiler raised for 42 days. The experiment was conducted with the following treatments: positive control diet (basal diet + antibiotic); negative control diet (basal diet without antibiotic and without probiotic); basal diet + Normal Avian Gut Flora (NAGF); basal diet + multiple colonizing strain probiotics (MCSPs); and basal d

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17

Francis, Clinton D. "Vocal traits and diet explain avian sensitivities to anthropogenic noise." Global Change Biology 21, no. 5 (2015): 1809–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12862.

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18

Schoenjahn, Jonny, Chris R. Pavey, and Gimme H. Walter. "Has the Australian Endemic Grey Falcon the Most Extreme Dietary Specialization among all Falco Species?" Animals 12, no. 12 (2022): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12121582.

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A clear understanding of a species’ diet is crucial in understanding its spatio-temporal dynamics, and is, therefore, pertinent to conservation considerations. The diet of the Grey Falcon (Falco hypoleucos), a rare and threatened predator endemic to the Australian arid and semi-arid zone, is subject to diverging assertions; therefore, we studied its diet through direct observation of food ingestion during more than 17 years of fieldwork across the species’ distribution. We found that Grey Falcons of all ages fed almost exclusively on a single type of food, namely, birds, and non-avian food ite

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19

Luro, Alec B., and Mark E. Hauber. "Avian diet and foraging ecology constrain foreign egg recognition and rejection." Avian Biology Research 13, no. 1-2 (2020): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758155920914575.

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Egg rejection is a common and effective defense against avian brood parasitism in which the host either marginalizes or removes the parasitic egg or deserts the parasitized clutch. The ability to recognize and reject a parasitic egg depends on bill morphology, sensory systems, and cognition, all of which are also shaped by other selective processes such as foraging. This begs the question whether specific phenotypes associated with different foraging strategies and diets may constrain or facilitate egg recognition and rejection. Here, we propose a novel hypothesis that host species phenotypes

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20

Grubb, B. R., and P. J. Bentley. "Aldosterone-induced, amiloride-inhibitable short-circuit current in the avian ileum." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 253, no. 2 (1987): G211—G216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1987.253.2.g211.

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Transmural electrical potential difference, short-circuit current (Isc), and resistance were measured in vitro in the intestines of chickens. In birds maintained on a low-Na diet, there was a rise in Isc in the ileum and the colon but not in the duodenum or jejunum. A substantial portion of this Isc could be inhibited by the Na channel-blocking drug, amiloride. The low-Na diet results in elevated plasma levels of aldosterone and the effects of the diet on intestinal transport could be mimicked by administration of this hormone. The time course of the effects of these two treatments on the ileu

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21

Collin, Anne, Mohammed Taouis, Johan Buyse, et al. "Thyroid status, but not insulin status, affects expression of avian uncoupling protein mRNA in chicken." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 284, no. 4 (2003): E771—E777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00478.2002.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the hormonal regulation of the avian homolog of mammalian uncoupling protein (avUCP) by studying the impact of thyroid hormones and insulin on avUCP mRNA expression in chickens ( Gallus gallus). For 3 wk, chicks received either a standard diet (control group), or a standard diet supplemented with triiodothyronine (T3; T3 group) or with the thyroid gland inhibitor methimazole (MMI group). A fourth group received injections of the deiodinase inhibitor iopanoic acid (IOP group). During the 4th wk of age, all animals received two daily injections of either

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22

Figueroa Rojas, Ricardo A., and E. Soraya Corales Stappung. "Summer diet comparison between the American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) and Aplomado Falcon (Falco femoralis) in an agricultural area of Araucanía, southern Chile." El Hornero 19, no. 2 (2004): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.56178/eh.v19i2.829.

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The diet of the American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) and Aplomado Falcon (Falco femoralis) was quantified by analysis of their pellets during the summer 1997-1998 in an agricultural area of Araucanía, southern Chile. By number, the most important prey of the American Kestrel were insects (61% of all individual prey) followed by birds (23%), rodents (13.7%) and reptiles (2.6%). Avian prey accounted for the highest biomass contribution (79.6%), followed by rodents (18%). Biomass contribution of insects and reptiles was negligible. Birds were the staple prey of the Aplomado Falcon both by number (

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23

RAIMBAULT, Serge, Sami DRIDI, Frédérique DENJEAN, et al. "An uncoupling protein homologue putatively involved in facultative muscle thermogenesis in birds." Biochemical Journal 353, no. 3 (2001): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3530441.

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The cDNA of an uncoupling protein (UCP) homologue was obtained by screening a chicken skeletal-muscle library. The predicted 307-amino-acid sequence of avian UCP (avUCP) is 55, 70, 70 and 46% identical with mammalian UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3 and plant UCP respectively. avUCP mRNA expression is restricted to skeletal muscle and its abundance was increased 1.3-fold in a chicken line showing diet-induced thermogenesis, and 3.6- and 2.6-fold in cold-acclimated and glucagon-treated ducklings developing muscle non-shivering thermogenesis respectively. The present data support the implication of avUCP in

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24

Romano, Andrea, Robin Séchaud, and Alexandre Roulin. "Global biogeographical patterns in the diet of a cosmopolitan avian predator." Journal of Biogeography 47, no. 7 (2020): 1467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13829.

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25

Bebout, D. E., and S. C. Hempleman. "Calcium deficient diet, acetazolamide and gas exchange characteristics of avian eggshells." Respiration Physiology 95, no. 1 (1994): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-5687(94)90044-2.

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26

Ravindran, V., L. I. Hew, and G. Ravindran. "Endogenous amino acid flow in the avian ileum: quantification using three techniques." British Journal of Nutrition 92, no. 2 (2004): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041202.

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The aim of the present study was to compare the protein-free diet, guanidinated casein (GuC) and enzyme hydrolysed casein (EHC) methods for the quantification of endogenous amino acid (AA) flow in the avian ileum. Growing broiler chickens (5 weeks old) were used. All three assay diets were based on dextrose, and in the GuC and EHC diets GuC or EHC were the sole source of N. Endogenous AA flows determined with the use of protein-free diet were considerably lower (P>0·05) than those determined by the GuC and EHC methods. The total endogenous AA flows determined by the GuC and EHC methods were

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27

Qaid, Mohammed M., Saud I. Al-Mufarrej, Mahmoud M. Azzam, et al. "Anti-Coccidial Effect of Rumex Nervosus Leaf Powder on Broiler Chickens Infected with Eimeria Tenella Oocyst." Animals 11, no. 1 (2021): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010167.

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Coccidiosis a huge economic burden in poultry farms where the pathogen Eimeria harms animal well-being and survival. Besides synthetic anti-coccidial drugs, natural herbs appear to be an alternative way to prevent avian coccidiosis. Rumex nervosus (RN), a phytogenic shrub, has received considerable attention in recent years due to its significant anti-microbial effects; however, limited knowledge exists about its potential anti-coccidial functions. This study was conducted to evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic activities of RN leaf powder in broilers infected with Eimeria tenella. Infec

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28

Ramiah, Suriya Kumari, Goh Yong Meng, Tan Sheau Wei, Yeap Swee Keong, and Mahdi Ebrahimi. "Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation Leads to Downregulation of PPAR Transcription in Broiler Chickens and Reduction of Adipocyte Cellularity." PPAR Research 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/137652.

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Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) act as an important ligand for nuclear receptors in adipogenesis and fat deposition in mammals and avian species. This study aimed to determine whether similar effects are plausible on avian abdominal fat adipocyte size, as well as abdominal adipogenic transcriptional level. CLA was supplemented at different levels, namely, (i) basal diet without CLA (5% palm oil) (CON), (ii) basal diet with 2.5% CLA and 2.5% palm oil (LCLA), and (iii) basal diet with 5% CLA (HCLA).The content ofcis-9,trans-11 CLA was between 1.69- and 2.3-fold greater (P<0.05) than that oftr

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29

Muir, Wendy I., Alan J. Husband, and Wayne L. Bryden. "Dietary supplementation with vitamin E modulates avian intestinal immunity." British Journal of Nutrition 87, no. 6 (2002): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2002562.

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The effect of dietary vitamin E on immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody production, which acts as the first line of defence at the intestinal mucosa, has not been evaluated in chickens. In the present study the impact of the inclusion of supplementary levels of vitamin E to the diet, on total and antigen-specific IgA antibody titres, T-cell subsets and Ia+ cells, was assessed. From hatching, chickens received a maize-based diet which was supplemented with either 25, 250, 2500 or 5000 mg dl-α-tocopherol acetate/kg. Primary immunisation with tetanus toxoid (T. toxoid) emulsified in a vegetable oil-in

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30

Shuai, Ling-Ying, Di Meng, Wan-Lan Ma, et al. "Ecological Correlates of Ecological Specialization of Avian Communities in University Campuses of China." Biology 14, no. 5 (2025): 570. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14050570.

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With the rapid process of urbanization at a global scale, university campuses have been viewed as important urban green spaces for biodiversity conservation. However, little is known about the role of university campuses in protecting ecological specialists, the species usually vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbance. We assessed the associations between several ecological variates and ecological specialization of bird communities across 198 Chinese university campuses. A total of 398 bird species were recorded, including 109 diet specialist species and 104 foraging stratum specialist species.

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Krynitsky, Alexander J., Charles J. Stafford, and Stanley N. Wiemeyer. "Combined Extraction-Cleanup Column Chromatographic Procedure for Determination of Dicofol in Avian Eggs." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 71, no. 3 (1988): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/71.3.539.

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Abstract Dicofol in avian eggs was completely oxidized to dichlorobenzophenone (DCBP) when a hexane Soxhlet extraction procedure was used. This degradation did not occur with other avian tissues (muscle and liver). For this reason, a combined extraction-cleanup column chromatographic procedure, without added heat, was developed for the determination of dicofol in avian eggs. Homogenized subsamples of eggs were mixed with sodium sulfate, and the mixture was added as the top layer on a column prepacked with Florisil. The dicofol and other compounds of interest were then eluted with ethyl etherhe

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32

Guard-Bouldin, Jean, Richard K. Gast, Thomas J. Humphrey, David J. Henzler, Cesar Morales, and Karen Coles. "Subpopulation Characteristics of Egg-Contaminating Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis as Defined by the Lipopolysaccharide O Chain." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 5 (2004): 2756–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.5.2756-2763.2004.

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ABSTRACT Characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis was refined by incorporating new data from isolates obtained from avian sources, from the spleens of naturally infected mice, and from the United Kingdom into an existing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-chain compositional database. From least to greatest, the probability of avian isolates producing high-molecular-mass LPS O chain ranked as follows: pooled kidney, liver, and spleen; intestine; cecum; ovary and oviduct; albumen; yolk; and whole egg. Mouse isolates were most like avian intestinal samples, whereas United Kingdom isol

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33

Perrins, C. M. "POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF QUALITATIVE CHANGES IN THE INSECT DIET OF AVIAN PREDATORS." Ibis 118, no. 4 (2008): 580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1976.tb03520.x.

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34

Nagorsen, David W., Karen F. Morrison, and Joan E. Forsberg. "Winter diet of Vancouver Island marten (Martes americana)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 6 (1989): 1394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-198.

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Digestive tracts from 701 marten (Martes americana) of known sex and age taken during the 1983–1986 fur harvests were used to determine winter diet of marten from Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Small mammals, deer, birds, and salmonid fish were the major food items. Marten exploited nine species of small mammals including four introduced species, but more than 50% of the small mammal prey were deer mice (Peromyscus spp.). We attributed most deer remains to carrion. Avian prey was primarily small passerine and piciform species with Winter Wrens (Troglodytes troglodytes) accounting for abou

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35

HILLGARTNER, F. Bradley, Tina CHARRON, and Kye A. CHESNUT. "Alterations in nutritional status regulate acetyl-CoA carboxylase expression in avian liver by a transcriptional mechanism." Biochemical Journal 319, no. 1 (1996): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3190263.

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Feeding previously starved chicks with a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet stimulates a 9-fold increase in both the rate of synthesis of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and the abundance of its mRNA in liver. To define the steps involved in mediating diet-induced changes in the abundance of ACC mRNA, transcriptional activity was measured with the nuclear run-on assay and multiple DNA probes specific to the ACC gene. ACC transcription was low in livers of starved chicks; feeding them with a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet induced ACC transcription, increasing it 11-fold. An increase in transcription

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36

Shevchenko, L. V., V. V. Nedosekov, V. A. Davydovych, T. N. Rozhdestveskaya, and E. I. Drozdova. "Impact of lycopene and astaxanthin on hematological and immunological parameters of laying hens." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 839, no. 4 (2021): 042004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/839/4/042004.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the hematological profile and specific immunity of laying hens with the addition of oil extracts of lycopene or astaxanthin to the diet. The study used High Line W36 chickens that were vaccinated against Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, avian rhinotracheitis and egg drop syndrome. It was found that the addition of lycopene (20 mg/kg) and astaxanthin (10 mg/kg) for 30 days did not affect the hematological profile of laying hens. Increasing the content of lycopene to 40 and 60 mg/kg or astaxanthin to 20 or 30 mg/kg of feed for 30 days redu

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37

Wang, Bing-Jun, Jing-Ming Xia, Qian Wang, Jiang-Long Yu, Zhiyin Song, and Huabin Zhao. "Diet and Adaptive Evolution of Alanine-Glyoxylate Aminotransferase Mitochondrial Targeting in Birds." Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, no. 3 (2019): 786–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz266.

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Abstract Adaptations to different diets represent a hallmark of animal diversity. The diets of birds are highly variable, making them an excellent model system for studying adaptive evolution driven by dietary changes. To test whether molecular adaptations to diet have occurred during the evolution of birds, we examined a dietary enzyme alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), which tends to target mitochondria in carnivorous mammals, peroxisomes in herbivorous mammals, and both mitochondria and peroxisomes in omnivorous mammals. A total of 31 bird species were examined in this study, which

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Zhang, Hui, Khalid Mehmood, Xiong Jiang, et al. "Effect of Icariin on Tibial Dyschondroplasia Incidence and Tibial Characteristics by Regulating P2RX7 in Chickens." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6796271.

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Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a disease of rapid growing chickens that occurs in many avian species; it is characterized by nonvascular and nonmineralized growth plates, along with tibia bone deformation and lameness. Icariin is widely used to treat bone diseases in humans, but no report is available regarding the effectiveness of icariin against avian TD. Therefore, this study was designed to determine its effect against TD. For this purpose, a total of 180 broiler chicks were distributed into three groups including control, TD, and icariin group. Control group was given a standard normal d

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Zhang, Wenwen, Shengjun Zhao, Xiao Yang, et al. "Effects of Land Cover on the Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of the Bird Communities on an Urban Subtropical Mountain." Diversity 16, no. 2 (2024): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16020107.

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Mountain ecosystems are crucial for global biodiversity conservation. However, their landscape features are constantly changing owing to urban expansion. Understanding the relationships between biotic communities and landscape features is essential for biodiversity conservation. This study aimed to examine the effect of land cover type on avian communities in Lishui, a mountainous urban area in eastern China. Avian surveys were conducted using 168 line transects in total across different land cover types once per season from December 2019 to January 2021. We assessed the diversity of bird comm

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Redpath, Stephen M., Roger Clarke, Mike Madders, and Simon J. Thirgood. "Assessing Raptor Diet: Comparing Pellets, Prey Remains, and Observational Data at Hen Harrier Nests." Condor 103, no. 1 (2001): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/103.1.184.

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Abstract We compared techniques to assess diet at 17 Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus) nests. Diet was measured directly from observations and compared to estimates from pellets, prey remains and a combination of pellets and remains. For data pooled across nests, pellets over-represented mammalian prey and under-represented avian prey. Prey remains over-represented large prey and under-represented small prey. Combining pellet and remains data did not eliminate these biases. Pellets gave higher diversity values than direct observations and detected more small prey species. For data analyzed on a nes

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Beauchamp, Guy. "Do avian cooperative breeders live longer?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1787 (2014): 20140844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0844.

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Cooperative breeding is not common in birds but intriguingly over-represented in several families, suggesting that predisposing factors, similar ecological constraints or a combination of the two facilitate the evolution of this breeding strategy. The life-history hypothesis proposes that cooperative breeding is facilitated by high annual survival, which increases the local population and leads to a shortage of breeding opportunities. Clutch size in cooperative breeders is also expected to be smaller. An earlier comparative analysis in a small sample of birds supported the hypothesis but this

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Li, Fangfang, Bing Lv, Jiakun Zuo, et al. "Effect of Solid-State Fermentation Products of Lactobacillus plantarum, Candida utilis, and Bacillus coagulans on Growth Performance of Broilers and Prevention of Avian Colibacillosis." Veterinary Sciences 11, no. 10 (2024): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11100468.

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This study investigates the impact of the solid-state fermentation products of Lactobacillus plantarum, Candida utilis, and Bacillus coagulans (LCBs) on the growth characteristics, immune function, intestinal morphology, cecum microbial community, and prevention of avian colibacillosis in broilers. One hundred and twenty Hyland Brown broilers (aged one day) were divided randomly into three groups (four replicates of ten broilers per group). (1) The CON group was fed a basal diet. (2) The MOD group was fed a basal diet. On day 40, APEC strain SX02 (1.1 × 105 CFU/g) was administered to the breas

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Robinson, Barry G., Alastair Franke, and Andrew E. Derocher. "Stable isotope mixing models fail to estimate the diet of an avian predator." Auk 135, no. 1 (2018): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1642/auk-17-143.1.

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Potter, Beth A., Mary M. Sperry, Dan D. Hoang, et al. "The Bacterial Community Found on the surface Purple Martin (Progne subis) Eggs." Open Ornithology Journal 10, no. 1 (2017): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874453201710010023.

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Introduction: The community of microorganisms that lines the surface of avian eggs is the first line of defense against infection by pathogenic bacteria. The protective role of this community is derived from its composition and several studies have focused on identifying the bacterial components. While a diverse group of avian species has been studied, multiple species within the same family have not been independently studied. This depth is necessary to determine the degree of flexibility or plasticity within the community. Method: The goal of this study was to identify the bacterial microorg

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Arnold, Kathryn E., Scot L. Ramsay, Christine Donaldson, and Aileen Adam. "Parental prey selection affects risk-taking behaviour and spatial learning in avian offspring." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1625 (2007): 2563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0687.

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Early nutrition shapes life history. Parents should, therefore, provide a diet that will optimize the nutrient intake of their offspring. In a number of passerines, there is an often observed, but unexplained, peak in spider provisioning during chick development. We show that the proportion of spiders in the diet of nestling blue tits, Cyanistes caeruleus , varies significantly with the age of chicks but is unrelated to the timing of breeding or spider availability. Moreover, this parental prey selection supplies nestlings with high levels of taurine particularly at younger ages. This amino ac

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Collin, Anne, Ramon D. Malheiros, Vera M. B. Moraes, et al. "Effects of dietary macronutrient content on energy metabolism and uncoupling protein mRNA expression in broiler chickens." British Journal of Nutrition 90, no. 2 (2003): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2003910.

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary macronutrient ratio on energy metabolism and on skeletal muscle mRNA expression of avian uncoupling protein (UCP), thought to be implicated in thermogenesis in birds. Broiler chickens from 2 to 6 weeks of age received one of three isoenergetic diets containing different macronutrient ratios (low-lipid (LL) 30 v. 77 g lipid/kg; low-protein (LP) 125 v. 197 g crude protein (N×6·25)/kg; low-carbohydrate (LC) 440 v. 520 g carbohydrate/kg). LP chickens were characterised by significantly lower body weights and food intakes

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Hurlbert, Allen H., Aaron M. Olsen, Melissa M. Sawyer, and Patrick M. Winner. "The Avian Diet Database as a source of quantitative information on bird diets." Scientific Data 8, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-01049-9.

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AbstractThis data paper describes a compilation of 73,075 quantitative diet data records for 759 primarily North American bird species, providing standardized information not just on the diet itself, but on the context for that diet information including the year, season, location, and habitat type of each study. The methods used for collecting and cleaning these data are described, and we present tools for summarizing and visualizing diet information by bird species or prey.

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Hoenig, Brandon D., Allison M. Snider, Anna M. Forsman, et al. "Current methods and future directions in avian diet analysis." Ornithology 139, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukab077.

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Abstract Identifying the composition of avian diets is a critical step in characterizing the roles of birds within ecosystems. However, because birds are a diverse taxonomic group with equally diverse dietary habits, gaining an accurate and thorough understanding of avian diet can be difficult. In addition to overcoming the inherent difficulties of studying birds, the field is advancing rapidly, and researchers are challenged with a myriad of methods to study avian diet, a task that has only become more difficult with the introduction of laboratory techniques to dietary studies. Because method

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Benedetti, Yanina, and Federico Morelli. "Global distribution range of birds is negatively correlated with their level of diet specialization." Journal of Biogeography, June 22, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14970.

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AbstractAimUnderstanding the factors determining the size of a species distribution range is crucial to preventing the extinction of vulnerable species, particularly specialist species. Previous research has shown that climate and various traits of a species significantly affect its distribution range size. However, the impact of avian dietary specialization remains relatively unexplored and geographically restricted.LocationWorldwide.TaxonBirds.MethodsWe assessed the worldwide distribution range of 7416 bird species concerning the degree of diet specialization, including body mass size, daily

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Morelli, Federico, Piotr Tryjanowski, Juan Diego Ibáñez-Álamo, et al. "Effects of light and noise pollution on avian communities of European cities are correlated with the species’ diet." Scientific Reports 13, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31337-w.

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AbstractUrbanization affects avian community composition in European cities, increasing biotic homogenization. Anthropic pollution (such as light at night and noise) is among the most important drivers shaping bird use in urban areas, where bird species are mainly attracted by urban greenery. In this study, we collected data on 127 breeding bird species at 1349 point counts distributed along a gradient of urbanization in fourteen different European cities. The main aim was to explore the effects of anthropic pollution and city characteristics, on shaping the avian communities, regarding specie

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