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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Avian evolution'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 February 2023

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1

Steiger, Silke. "Evolution of avian olfaction." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-91757.

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2

Steiger, Silke S. Fidler Andrew Eric Kempenaers B. Mueller Jakob C. "Evolution of avian olfaction." Connect to this title online (Universität München site) Connect to this title online (Deutsche Nationalbibliothek site), 2008. http://d-nb.info/991247264/34.

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Thesis (doctoral)--Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jan. 8, 2009). Some chapters co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-127).

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3

Steiger, Silke S. "Evolution of avian olfaction." kostenfrei, 2008. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9175/.

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4

Maxwell, Erin. "Evolution of avian ossification sequences." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21942.

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The relative timing and sequence of events during embryonic development plays an important role in adult shape and thus in evolution. The sequence in which bones form in the developing embryo should therefore contain a component capable of revealing evolutionary history, however processes relating to ossification sequence and the sequences themselves are poorly known and rarely discussed. In this thesis, I describe the embryonic skeletal development of Meleagris gallopavo, Sterna hirundo, Somateria mollissima, Anas platyrhynchos, Cairina moschata, Dromaius novaehollandiae, Rhea americana and S

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5

Wharton, Deborah Susan. "The evolution of the avian brain." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/04463ee9-0d16-4d96-a891-d09f0f3661c0.

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6

Uebbing, Severin. "On the Evolution of the Avian Transcriptome." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Evolutionsbiologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-259487.

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Change in gene expression is a powerful tool for evolution, because seemingly small expression changes can contribute important steps towards adaptation without necessarily affecting the whole organism. There is still much to learn about how gene expression evolves on genome- and population-wide levels, especially in non-model organisms. This thesis addresses some important questions in gene expression evolution via the quantitative measurement of RNA and protein levels in birds. First, I confirmed the state of incomplete dosage compensation in birds by sequencing the transcriptome of collared

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7

Felice, Ryan N. "Evolution and Integration of Avian Caudal Skeletal Morphology." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1427117367.

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8

Vicario, Andrade Alba. "Development and evolution of the avian extended amygdala." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/314572.

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En esta Tesis Doctoral hemos identificado los componentes de la amígdala extendida (EA) de aves, en base a su posición topológica, perfil genético y origen embrionario. En EA central de pollo y pinzón, identificamos las masas intercaladas y amígdala central, con células de origen estriatal dorsal y/o ventral, pero con subpoblaciones menores de otros orígenes. Además, el núcleo lateral de la estria terminal, de origen palidal, contiene subpoblaciones de células inmigrantes de origen estriatal, preóptico o eminencial. En EA medial del pinzón, hemos identificado distintas subpoblaciones celulares

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9

Lindholm, Anna Kristina. "Evolution of host defences against avian brood parasitism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627230.

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10

Middleton, Kevin Mallory. "Morphology, evolution, and function of the avian hallux /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3087312.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Brown University, 2003.<br>Available in film copy from University Microfilms International. Vita. Thesis advisor: Stephen M. Gatesy. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-147). Also available online.

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11

Allen, Vivian Richard. "The evolution of avian hindlimb conformation and locomotor function." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559019.

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12

Dalsätt, Johan. "Fossil birds: Contributions to the understanding of avian evolution." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-75015.

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The study of the evolution of birds began about 150 years ago with the finding of Archaeopteryx. Yet, many unsolved questions about avian evolution remain to be answered. This thesis aims at addressing some of these questions. The Early Cretaceous Confusiusornis is the most well-represented Mesozoic bird in the fossil record. The abundance of fossils facilitates a study of the preservation of specimens in the two geological formations in which this taxon is found. It was demonstrated that specimens in the Yixiang Formation always are represented by complete, articulated skeletons, while those

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13

Skelhorn, John. "Avian chemical perception and the evolution of insect defences." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420011.

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14

Temperley, Nicholas David. "Evolution and Genetic Variation of Avian Toll-like Receptor Genes." Thesis, University of Kent, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499778.

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15

Stoddard, Mary Caswell. "The evolution of colour, pattern and structure in avian eggs." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610588.

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16

Rands, Chris M. D. "Analyses of functional sequence in mammalian and avian genomes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:27e0ac20-eb27-423c-9493-a8a1c6cc57b8.

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The first draft sequence of the human genome was published over a decade ago, yet interpreting the functional importance of nucleotides in genomes is still an ongoing challenge. I took a comparative genomic approach to identify functional sequence using signatures of natural selection in DNA sequences. Mutations that are purged or propagated by selection mark sequences of significance for biological fitness. I developed and refined methods for estimating the quantity of sequence constrained with respect to insertions and deletions (indels) between two genome sequences, a quantity I termed α<su

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17

Biskis, Veronika N. "Feathered dinosaurs and the origin of avian flight." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21125.

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Thesis (M.A.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>It is now widely accepted that modern day birds originated from the clade Theropoda represented by bipedal carnivorous dinosaurs that thrived between the late Triassic and Cretaceous period. New research illustrates how the evoluti

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18

DuRant, Sarah Elizabeth. "The role of incubation temperature in determining avian phenotype: implications for avian ecology, life history evolution, and conservation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28494.

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The early developmental environment has a profound influence on an individualâ s life history trajectory and parents have tremendous influence over this environment. Despite the wealth of research demonstrating that incubation temperature affects a suite of traits important to fitness in reptiles, we are only now discovering that nest temperatures are a defining component of the avian developmental environment. Aspects of the nest environment may be an important and overlooked maternal effect in birds as nearly all birds physically incubate their eggs, thus providing a clear link between par

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19

Cooney, Christopher Richard. "Global patterns and processes in avian diversification." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cf2dcbf2-892f-48e3-97b2-70a25d2a20fd.

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The natural world consists of a vast array of forms, some more plentiful than others, yet our understanding of the processes responsible the production of biological diversity remains surprisingly limited. Here I combine novel datasets with powerful phylogenetic modeling techniques and computer simulations to test the effects of both biotic and abiotic factors on the dynamics of species radiations and the evolution of organism traits in birds. In the first part of this thesis, I develop our understanding of the importance of abiotic factors for diversification by showing that in the early stag

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20

Van, Doorslaer Koenraad, Valeria Ruoppolo, Annie Schmidt, et al. "Unique genome organization of non-mammalian papillomaviruses provides insights into the evolution of viral early proteins." OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627073.

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The family Papillomaviridae contains more than 320 papillomavirus types, with most having been identified as infecting skin and mucosal epithelium in mammalian hosts. To date, only nine non-mammalian papillomaviruses have been described from birds (n = 5), a fish (n = 1), a snake (n = 1), and turtles (n = 2). The identification of papillomaviruses in sauropsids and a sparid fish suggests that early ancestors of papillomaviruses were already infecting the earliest Euteleostomi. The Euteleostomi clade includes more than 90 per cent of the living vertebrate species, and progeny virus could have b

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21

Heath, Lesley Annette. "The molecular biology of avian visual pigments : evolution and spectral tuning." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298706.

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22

Olson, Valérie Anne. "The evolution of avian carotenoid pigmentation : behavioural, biochemical and comparative approachers /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16733.pdf.

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23

Cheung, Chung-lam, and 張仲林. "Genesis and evolution of H6N1 virus in terrestrial poultry in southernChina." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47158311.

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During the 1997 Hong Kong ‘bird flu’ incident, three subtypes of influenza viruses, including H5N1, H9N2 and H6N1, were co-circulated at the live-poultry markets. Genetic analyses revealed that all these viruses shared the same internal gene complex and might have been all involved in generation of the HK/97-like H5N1 virus. Subsequent epidemiological and genetic studies found that both H6N1 and H9N2 viruses became established and prevalent in minor poultry in the region. However, the genesis pathway for each of these viruses has not been defined. It is also unclear about these three subtype

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24

Chu, Ying-cheung, and 朱盈彰. "Continuing evolution of H9N2 avian influenza A viruses in poultry in southern China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47326852.

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Our systematic influenza surveillance in southern China revealed that two lineages of H9N2 influenza viruses, represented by Chicken/Beijing/1/94 and Quail/Hong Kong/G1/97, became endemic in the poultry in southern China since 1990’s. These established H9N2 lineages continually evolved to generate many different reassortants (or genotypes) and caused sporadic human infection cases. As co-circulating with H5N1 influenza viruses, the increasing genetic diversity and the capability to cause sporadic human infection make the H9N2 viruses become one of the major candidates with pandemic pot

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25

Halpin, Christina. "Avian cognition and the evolution of defences and warning signals in insects." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491835.

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Many insects are chemically defended and toxic to predators. Whilst some species avoid detection, so-called 'aposematic' insects use conspicuous colour pattems to advertise their toxins to potential predators. Although the initial evolution of aposematism is often considered a paradox due to the increased detection risk associated with conspicuousness, the role of learned avoidance and memory in naive predators is widely described as the major driving force. However, many insects have extemally detectable defences, and may be taste-rejected by predators. This role of taste-rejection has been l

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26

Gutowska, Maria Weronika. "Comparative evolutionary and structural analysis of the avian and mammalian CSF1R systems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15852.

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Macrophages, phagocytic cells of the immune system involved in host defence, homeostasis and development, are controlled and influenced by a variety of growth factors. In mammals, the colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) is a secreted cytokine that controls macrophages survival, proliferation and differentiation. It acts through the CSF1 receptor (CSF1R), a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase, expressed mainly in mononuclear phagocytes. Mammalian CSF1R is found exclusively at the surface of the mononuclear phagocytes and their progenitors. CSF1R-/- knockout mice display more severe phenotypes

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27

Daly, Benjamin. "Avian malaria in the montane tropics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:70284964-36b6-4135-98d4-4ec8d22c8b45.

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Understanding the unequal distribution of life on earth is a fundamental goal of ecology and evolutionary biology. Past efforts to explain large-scale patterns in diversity have tended to focus on two broad classes of explanation, one invoking the importance of abiotic factors (i.e. climate and vegetation) and the other biotic (i.e. competition); but neither has proven entirely adequate. Parasites are a major but poorly understood component of life that may offer some answers. Yet despite widespread theoretical support and some empirical evidence, the role of parasites in explaining patterns i

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28

Watanabe, Junya. "Comparative ontogeny of avian limb skeleton: implications for ontogenetic ageing and evolutionary variability, with special emphasis on the evolution of avian flightlessness." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217730.

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29

Mooers, Arnie Ã˜yvind. "Patterns of diversification revealed by phylogenies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386648.

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30

Wright, Alison Elizabeth. "Mating system, sex-specific selection and the evolution of the avian sex chromosomes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:89079fac-7196-4c15-ac0e-ceae0c4b0264.

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Sex chromosomes experience distinct evolutionary environments, due to their unusual pattern of inheritance, and studies of sex chromosome evolution can shed light on the fundamental evolutionary forces acting across the genome as a whole. Here, I combine genomic and transcriptomic data across a wide range of avian species to explore the evolutionary processes governing sex chromosome evolution. Birds are female heterogametic and therefore it is possible, via comparisons with male heterogametic species, to identify the fundamental factors driving sex chromosome evolution, versus those associate

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31

McKeown, Jennifer J. "Modelling the evolution of sexual behaviour." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21823.

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This thesis presents two studies where natural and sexual selection have interacted to evolve sexual behaviours. The thesis uses mathematical modelling to understand how these forces have caused each behaviour to evolve. This is useful because the results allow for reflection on the potential role of sexual selection in adaptation of these species to a changing environment. The first study is of early male arrival to spring breeding grounds in migratory avian species, this is termed protandry. The study explores the main hypotheses for avian protandry and then tests the susceptibility of each

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32

Leung, On-cheung. "Molecular characterization of H3N2 influenza viruses isolated from ducks at a single Hong Kong farm : their diversity and evolution in natural reservoirs /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25155118.

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33

Wang, Jia, and 王嘉. "Genesis, evolution and dissemination of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A virus in Southern China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45816840.

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34

Cerio, Donald Greene. "The Visual Apparatus of Avian Dinosaurs and Other Diapsids: Anatomical Correlates of Behavior and Evolution." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1565617073174635.

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35

Bokma, F. (Folmer). "Why most birds are small – a macro-ecological approach to the evolution of avian body size." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514273451.

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Abstract There are more small-bodied species of birds than those having large bodies. Generally, and relative to occurrance in any one place, small-bodied species also contain more individuals than large-bodied species. The same patterns have been documented for several groups of higher organisms for example, snakes, flowering plants and mammals, which suggests that there exists a general reason "why", which applies to other groups of species as well as to birds. This thesis attempts to identify this reason. In the first place, it is possible that most species happened to become small-bodied b

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36

Heij, Maaike Elisabeth de. "Costs of avian incubation how fitness, energetics ans behaviour impinge on the evolution of clutch size /." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2006. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/297673424.

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37

Damas, Joana Daniela Mendes. "Avian genomics : from improvement of sequenced genomes to ancestral karyotypes and novel patterns of chromosomal evolution." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.766310.

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38

Yaklichkin, Sergey Yu, Diana Darnell, Maricela Pier, Parker Antin, and Sridhar Hannenhalli. "Accelerated evolution of 3'avian FOXE1 genes, and thyroid and feather specific expression of chicken FoxE1." BioMed Central, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610379.

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BACKGROUND:The forkhead transcription factor gene E1 (FOXE1) plays an important role in regulation of thyroid development, palate formation and hair morphogenesis in mammals. However, avian FOXE1 genes have not been characterized and as such, codon evolution of FOXE1 orthologs in a broader evolutionary context of mammals and birds is not known.RESULTS:In this study we identified the avian FOXE1 gene in chicken, turkey and zebra finch, all of which consist of a single exon. Chicken and zebra finch FOXE1 are uniquely located on the sex-determining Z chromosome. In situ hybridization shows that c

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39

Ewart, Kyle Marc. "Phylogeography and population genetics of Australian threatened and invasive birds." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22592.

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Amidst the current extinction crisis avian biodiversity is decreasing dramatically, with declining populations in over 40% of bird species worldwide. The red-tailed black-cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii) and the pink cockatoo (Lophochroa leadbeateri), iconic parrots endemic to Australia, are both variously listed under State and Federal conservation legislation. These species suffer from habitat degradation, particularly the destruction of old hollow-bearing trees, and are both poached for the illegal pet trade. Despite concerns related to their conservation, little population genetic or phy

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40

Early, Catherine Michele. "Quantitative Assessments of Avian Endocasts as Tools for Inferring Neuroanatomical Traits and Potential Functional Capabilities." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1554132803369615.

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41

Thi, Diep Nguyen. "Comparative molecular epidemiology and antigenic characterisation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) virus in Vietnam." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ed44c640-d83e-4766-85d7-ccf85e531b5e.

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus poses a significant economic disease burden to the poultry sector of Vietnam, and is a credible threat for emergence of novel zoonotic viruses. This thesis examines the molecular evolution and epidemiology of HPAI A(H5) viruses in Vietnam identified through the national poultry surveillance system. The investigations comprised analysis of detection rates and geographic distribution of A(H5) clade variants from samples collected in live bird markets (LBMs); comprehensive analysis of whole genome sequences of viruses collected from 2012 to 2015; dev

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42

Lyons, Amanda C. "Characterization of major histocompatibility complex class I loci of the lark sparrow (Chondestes grammacus) and insights into avian MHC evolution." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1383578046.

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43

Dookie, Amanda. "Safe and Sound: Studies on the Function and Evolution of Defence Sounds in Bombycoidea Caterpillars." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35680.

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Defence sounds are widespread and diverse amongst insects. Despite their ubiquity and variability, hypotheses explaining their functions and evolutionary origins have been understudied. My thesis focused on these topics using silk and hawkmoth Bombycoidea caterpillars as a model system. In Chapter Two I investigated why defence sounds have evolved in some caterpillars but not others by testing the hypothesis that large body size is a factor in the evolution of defence sounds. To test this hypothesis, I followed the development of defence sounds in four Bombycoidea species from hatching to pupa

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梁安祥 and On-cheung Leung. "Molecular characterization of H3N2 influenza viruses isolated from ducks at a single Hong Kong farm: theirdiversity and evolution in natural reservoirs." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31226310.

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45

Zhao, Ziming. "Exploiting phylogenetics to understand genome evolution in both modern and ancestral organisms." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/48988.

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Computational evolutionary analyses, particularly phylogenetics and ancestral reconstruction, have been extensively exploited under different algorithms and evolutionary models to better understand genome evolution from both small- and large-scale perspectives in order to assign genotypes based on assortment, resolve species relationships and gene annotation issues, further understand gene gain/loss within individual gene families, measure functional divergence among homologs, and infer ancestral character states. These evolutionary studies provide us with insights into biologically relevant i

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46

Boyle, Alice. "Why do Birds Migrate? The Role of Food, Habitat, Predation, and Competition." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195068.

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The ultimate causes of bird migration are largely unknown despite more than a century of research. By studying partially migratory short-distance tropical migrants and by employing comparative methods, some difficulties in testing hypotheses for evolution of migration can be overcome. Using comparative methods I tested the evolutionary precursor hypothesis, a major hypothesis for why migration evolved in some lineages and not in others. The results of this study conflicted with many assumptions and predictions of the evolutionary precursor hypothesis. Most importantly, migratory behavior w

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47

Shen, Peter S. "The Characterization of Avian Polyomavirus, Satellite Tobacco Mosaic Virus, and Bacteriophage CW02 by Means of Cryogenic Electron Microscopy." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3069.

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Viruses are the most abundant biological entity in the biosphere and are known to infect hosts from all domains of life. The aim of my work is to identify conserved and non-conserved features among the capsid structures of related and divergent icosahedral viruses via cryogenic electron microscopy, sequence analysis, molecular modeling, and other techniques. Bird polyomaviruses often cause severe disease in their hosts whereas mammalian polyomaviruses generally do not. Avian polyomavirus is a type of bird polyomavirus with an unusually broad host range compared to the restricted tropism of oth

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48

Holliday, Casey M. "Evolution and function of the jaw musculature and adductor chamber of archosaurs (crocodilians, dinosaurs, and birds)." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1147280827.

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49

Sepil, Irem. "The secret in their MHC : variation and selection in a free living population of great tits." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dd753cf0-9ec5-4d63-b318-57f037d73ee5.

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Understanding the genetic basis of fitness differences has been a major goal for evolutionary biologists over the last two decades. Although there are many studies investigating how natural selection can promote local adaptation, few have succeeded to find the link between genotype and fitness of the phenotype. Polymorphic genes of the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) are excellent candidates for such associations as they are a central component of the vertebrate immune system, playing an important role in parasite resistance, and hence can have direct effects on survival of their bearer

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Hill, Sarah. "Genomic approaches to virus discovery and molecular epidemiology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5cef9f8e-d305-4207-8742-d8dde1683f50.

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Viral sequence data has great potential for answering questions about the epidemiological dynamics and evolution of viruses. Classical approaches have sought amino acid changes that alter pathogenesis or transmissibility by influencing a virus's ability to enter or replicate within cells. However, this approach rarely recognises the fundamental impact of heterogeneous host contact structures and existing immunological responses on viral transmission. This thesis draws heavily on ecological and immunological concepts to explore the epidemiological dynamics, diversity and evolution of viruses us

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