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Journal articles on the topic 'Avian gyrovirus type 2'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Flores, Eduardo Furtado, Rudi Weiblen, Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti, et al. "Emerging animal viruses: real threats or simple bystanders?" Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33, no. 10 (2013): 1161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2013001000001.

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The list of animal viruses has been frequently added of new members raising permanent concerns to virologists and veterinarians. The pathogenic potential and association with disease have been clearly demonstrated for some, but not for all of these emerging viruses. This review describes recent discoveries of animal viruses and their potential relevance for veterinary practice. Dogs were considered refractory to influenza viruses until 2004, when an influenza A virus subtype H3N8 was transmitted from horses and produced severe respiratory disease in racing greyhounds in Florida/USA. The novel

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2

Yao, Shuai, Tianbei Tuo, Xiang Gao, et al. "Avian gyrovirus 2 in poultry, China, 2015–2016." Emerging Microbes & Infections 5, no. 1 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emi.2016.113.

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3

Varela, Ana Paula Muterle, Helton Fernandes dos Santos, Samuel Paulo Cibulski, et al. "Chicken anemia virus and avian gyrovirus 2 as contaminants in poultry vaccines." Biologicals 42, no. 6 (2014): 346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2014.08.002.

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4

Wu, Qianqian, Xin Xu, Qinxi Chen, et al. "Genetic Analysis of Avian Gyrovirus 2 Variant-Related Gyrovirus Detected in Farmed King Ratsnake (Elaphe carinata): The First Report from China." Pathogens 8, no. 4 (2019): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040185.

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Avian gyrovirus 2 (AGV2), which is similar to chicken infectious anemia virus, is a new member of the genus Gyrovirus. AGV2 has been detected not only in chicken but also in human tissues and feces. This study analyzed 91 samples (8 from liver tissue and 83 from fecal samples) collected from king ratsnakes (Elaphe carinata) from 7 separate farms in Hubei and Henan, China, for AGV2 DNA using PCR. The results demonstrated a low positive rate of AGV2 (6.59%, 6/91) in the snakes, and all the positive samples were collected from the same farm. The AGV2 strain HB2018S1 was sequenced, and its 2376 nt

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5

Ye, Jianqiang, Xiaoyan Tian, Quan Xie, et al. "Avian Gyrovirus 2 DNA in Fowl from Live Poultry Markets and in Healthy Humans, China." Emerging Infectious Diseases 21, no. 8 (2015): 1486–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2108.150203.

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6

dos Santos, Helton F., Marcus B. Knak, Fernanda L. de Castro, et al. "Variants of the recently discovered avian gyrovirus 2 are detected in Southern Brazil and The Netherlands." Veterinary Microbiology 155, no. 2-4 (2012): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.09.021.

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7

Abolnik, Celia, and Daniel B. R. Wandrag. "Avian Gyrovirus 2 and Avirulent Newcastle Disease Virus Coinfection in a Chicken Flock with Neurologic Symptoms and High Mortalities." Avian Diseases 58, no. 1 (2014): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/10657-090313-reg.1.

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8

Ozdemir, I., P. H. Russell, J. Collier, D. J. Alexander, and R. J. Manvell. "Monoclonal antibodies to avian paramyxovirus type 2." Avian Pathology 19, no. 2 (1990): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03079459008418689.

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9

Crowther, R. A., J. A. Berriman, W. L. Curran, G. M. Allan, and D. Todd. "Comparison of the Structures of Three Circoviruses:Chicken Anemia Virus, PorcineCircovirus Type 2, and Beakand Feather DiseaseVirus." Journal of Virology 77, no. 24 (2003): 13036–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.24.13036-13041.2003.

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ABSTRACT Circoviruses are small, nonenveloped icosahedral animal viruses characterized by circular single-stranded DNA genomes. Their genomes are the smallest possessed by animal viruses. Infections with circoviruses, which can lead to economically important diseases, frequently result in virus-induced damage to lymphoid tissue and immunosuppression. Within the family Circoviridae, different genera are distinguished by differences in genomic organization. Thus, Chicken anemia virus is in the genus Gyrovirus, while porcine circoviruses and Beak and feather disease virus belong to the genus Circ

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10

Dublet, B., S. Oh, S. P. Sugrue, et al. "The Structure of Avian Type XII Collagen." Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, no. 22 (1989): 13150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)51608-2.

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11

DAY, J. MICHAEL, ERICA SPACKMAN, and MARY PANTIN-JACKWOOD. "A MULTIPLEX RT-PCR TEST FOR THE DIFFERENTIAL IDENTIFICATION OF TURKEY ASTROVIRUS TYPE 1, TURKEY ASTROVIRUS TYPE 2, CHICKEN ASTROVIRUS, AVIAN NEPHRITIS VIRUS, AND AVIAN ROTAVIRUS." Avian Diseases Digest 2, no. 3 (2007): e13-e13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/1933-5334(2007)2[e13:amrtft]2.0.co;2.

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12

Suzuki, Takashi, Daisuke Sakai, Noriko Osumi, Hiroshi Wada, and Yoshio Wakamatsu. "Sox genes regulate type 2 collagen expression in avian neural crest cells." Development, Growth and Differentiation 48, no. 8 (2006): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-169x.2006.00886.x.

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13

Li, Xiaojiao, Shouping Zhang, Hongwei Wang, Jixun Zhao, and Guozhong Zhang. "Genomic characterization of two avian paramyxovirus type 2 isolates from chickens in China." Virus Genes 43, no. 1 (2011): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11262-011-0604-x.

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14

Michael Day, J., Erica Spackman, and Mary Pantin-Jackwood. "A Multiplex RT-PCR Test for the Differential Identification of Turkey Astrovirus Type 1, Turkey Astrovirus Type 2, Chicken Astrovirus, Avian Nephritis Virus, and Avian Rotavirus." Avian Diseases 51, no. 3 (2007): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/0005-2086(2007)51[681:amrtft]2.0.co;2.

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15

Chang, P. C., M. L. Hsieh, J. H. Shien, D. A. Graham, M. S. Lee, and H. K. Shieh. "Complete nucleotide sequence of avian paramyxovirus type 6 isolated from ducks." Journal of General Virology 82, no. 9 (2001): 2157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-82-9-2157.

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There are nine serotypes of avian paramyxovirus (APMV). Only the genome of APMV type 1 (APMV-1), also called Newcastle disease virus (NDV), has been completely sequenced. In this study, the complete nucleotide sequence of an APMV-6 serotype isolated from ducks is reported. The 16236 nt genome encodes eight proteins, nucleocapsid protein (NP), phosphoprotein (P), V protein, matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F), small hydrophobic (SH) protein, haemagglutinin–neuraminidase (HN) protein and large (L) protein, which are flanked by a 55 nt leader sequence and a 54 nt trailer sequence. Sequence com

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16

Wood, A. M., M. D. Dagless, J. O. Pirie, et al. "Isolations of avian paramyxovirus type 2 from domestic fowl in Scotland in 2002 and 2006." Veterinary Record 162, no. 24 (2008): 788–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.162.24.788.

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17

Jang, Il, Hyun-Jeong Lee, You-Chan Bae, Seok-Chan Park, Hee-Soo Lee, and Kang-Seuk Choi. "Genetic and Pathologic Characterization of a Novel Recombinant TC07-2-Type Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus." Avian Diseases 62, no. 1 (2018): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/11764-103017-resnote.1.

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18

Martinez, Christina L., Olga H. Brokl, Apichai Shuprisha, Diane E. Abbott, and William H. Dantzler. "Regulation of intracellular pH in proximal tubules of avian loopless reptilian-type nephrons." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 273, no. 6 (1997): R1845—R1854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.6.r1845.

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In proximal tubules isolated from chicken superficial loopless reptilian-type nephrons, intracellular pH (pHi), measured with pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 2′,7′-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, was ∼7.1–7.2 under control conditions ( N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine- N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid-buffered medium with pH 7.4 at 37°C), and was reduced to ∼6.9 in response to NH4Cl pulse. The rate of recovery of pHi(control value ≅ 5 × 10−3 pH U/s) from this acid level was 1) significantly decreased by removal of Na+ or both Na+ and Cl− from the bath or addition of 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-

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19

Jones, Michael A., Paul Wigley, Kerrie L. Page, Scott D. Hulme, and Paul A. Barrow. "Salmonella enterica Serovar Gallinarum Requires the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 Type III Secretion System but Not the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 Type III Secretion System for Virulence in Chickens." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 9 (2001): 5471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.9.5471-5476.2001.

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ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum is a host-specific serotype that causes the severe systemic disease fowl typhoid in domestic poultry and a narrow range of other avian species but rarely causes disease in mammalian hosts. Specificity of the disease is primarily at the level of the reticuloendothelial system, but few virulence factors have been described other than the requirement for an 85-kb virulence plasmid. In this work, by making functional mutations in the type III secretion systems (TTSS) encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) and SPI-2, we investigated the

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20

Sandell, L. J., A. Nalin, N. Morris, and D. Keene. "Temporal and spatial expression of type II procollagen splice forms during avian skin differentiation." Matrix Biology 14, no. 5 (1994): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0945-053x(94)90058-2.

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21

Wang, Heng, Xintao Wu, Yanfen Cheng, Yufu An, and Zhangyong Ning. "Tissue distribution of human and avian type sialic acid influenza virus receptors in domestic cat." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 61, no. 4 (2013): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.2013.030.

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Infection of host cells with the influenza virus is mediated by specific interactions between the viral haemagglutinin (HA) and cell oligosaccharides containing sialic acid (SA) residues. Avian and human influenza viruses bind to alpha-2, 3 and alpha-2, 6 sialic acid-linked receptors, respectively. To date, there have been no detailed tissue distribution data on alpha-2, 3 and alpha-2, 6 sialic acid-linked receptors in the domestic cat, a relatively new mammalian host for influenza virus infections. In this study, the tissue distribution of human and avian type sialic acid influenza receptors

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22

Rush, CM, and P. Timms. "In Vitro Survival Characteristics of Koala Chlamydiae." Wildlife Research 23, no. 2 (1996): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9960213.

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Extracellular stability of koala chlamydia type I and II, were compared with that of an avian C. psittaci strain. Koala types I and II, as well as avian psittacosis elementary bodies, survived 4 h exposure to solution of pH 4.0-10.0. Koala type I survived best at pH 7.2-7.5 whereas type II preferred pH of 7.0-7.2. Koala type I elementary bodies were inactivated after 5 min at 56 deg C, but at lower temperatures (18-23 deg C) the elementary bodies remained viable for up to 28 days. Koala type I elementary bodies survived for 2-4 days after drying, whereas avian chlamydiae survived for 4-6 days.

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23

Smith, G. R., and A. Turner. "The production of Clostridium botulinum toxin in mammalian, avian and piscine carrion." Epidemiology and Infection 102, no. 3 (1989): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800030181.

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SUMMARYMice, birds (chicks, quail) and fish (rudd, goldfish) killed shortly after receiving 1300–2000 spores of Clostridium botulinum per os were incubated, usually at 23 °C for 7 days. A 10% (w/v) homogenate of each rotting carcass was then prepared, sterilized by membrane filtration, and assayed for toxin.In mouse carcasses a type C strain of C. botulinum usually produced > 2 × 105 mouse intraperitoneal LD/g; in fish carcasses it usually produced less - often much less - than 2 × 104 LD/g. Avian carcasses appeared to be intermediate between those of mice and fish in their ability to suppo

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24

Hildebrandt, J. P., and T. J. Shuttleworth. "Muscarinic receptor characterization in differentiating avian exocrine cells." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 266, no. 3 (1994): R674—R681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.3.r674.

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The type of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in exocrine cells of the avian nasal gland in the undifferentiated quiescent (naive) stage and in the partly differentiated salt-secreting (stressed) stage was characterized by ligand binding experiments and by probing receptor messenger RNA with oligonucleotide probes specific for the mammalian receptor subtypes. Competition-binding studies using l-quinuclidinyl [phenyl-4-3H]benzilate and a series of other ligands indicated the presence of only one type of receptor in both cell types. Pharmacological characterization of its ligand-binding properti

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25

Piazza, Timothy M., David S. Blehert, F. Mark Dunning, et al. "In VitroDetection and Quantification of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type E Activity in Avian Blood." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 21 (2011): 7815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.06165-11.

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ABSTRACTBotulinum neurotoxin serotype E (BoNT/E) outbreaks in the Great Lakes region cause large annual avian mortality events, with an estimated 17,000 bird deaths reported in 2007 alone. During an outbreak investigation, blood collected from bird carcasses is tested for the presence of BoNT/E using the mouse lethality assay. While sensitive, this method is labor-intensive and low throughput and can take up to 7 days to complete. We developed a rapid and sensitivein vitroassay, the BoTest Matrix E assay, that combines immunoprecipitation with high-affinity endopeptidase activity detection by

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26

Wang, Shaohui, Xuan Xu, Xin Liu, et al. "Escherichia coli type III secretion system 2 regulator EtrA promotes virulence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli." Microbiology 163, no. 10 (2017): 1515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000525.

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27

Shikova, Evelina E., Ivan G. Ivanov, and Zahary M. Mladenov. "Type A oncornavirus-like particles in Turkey bone marrow cells transformed by avian leukemia virus." Journal of Ultrastructure and Molecular Structure Research 98, no. 3 (1988): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-1605(88)80921-2.

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28

Brokl, Olga H., Christina L. Martinez, Apichai Shuprisha, Diane E. Abbott, and William H. Dantzler. "Regulation of intracellular pH in proximal tubules of avian long-looped mammalian-type nephrons." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 274, no. 6 (1998): R1526—R1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.6.r1526.

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In nonperfused proximal tubules isolated from chicken long-looped mammalian-type nephrons, intracellular pH (pHi), measured with the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 2′,7′-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, was ∼7.3 under control conditions (HEPES-buffered medium with pH 7.4 at 37°C) and was reduced to ∼7.0 in response to NH4Cl pulse. The rate of recovery of pHi from this level to the resting level was 1) significantly reduced by the removal of Na+ from the bath, 2) significantly increased by the removal of Cl− from the bath, 3) unchanged by the removal of both Na+ and Cl− from the bath,

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29

Strohmann, B., D. W. Schwarz, and E. Puil. "Subthreshold frequency selectivity in avian auditory thalamus." Journal of Neurophysiology 71, no. 4 (1994): 1361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.71.4.1361.

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1. We studied the frequency responses of neurons in the nucleus ovoidalis (OV), the principal thalamic auditory relay nucleus of the chicken, in the subthreshold range of membrane potentials. The frequency response is the impedance amplitude profile evident in the voltage response to a broadband stimulus. The stimulus was a deterministic periodic current input of small amplitude, sweeping through a specified frequency range. We used whole-cell, tight-seal recording techniques in slices to study the voltage responses and membrane properties in current and voltage clamp. 2. Generally, low-freque

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30

Twedt, Daniel J., R. Randy Wilson, Jackie L. Henne-Kerr, and Robert B. Hamilton. "Impact of forest type and management strategy on avian densities in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA." Forest Ecology and Management 123, no. 2-3 (1999): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(99)00043-2.

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31

Guo, Aizhen, Sha Cao, Lingling Tu, et al. "FimH alleles direct preferential binding of Salmonella to distinct mammalian cells or to avian cells." Microbiology 155, no. 5 (2009): 1623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.026286-0.

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This study aimed to determine whether allelic variants of the FimH adhesin from Salmonella enterica confer differential bacterial binding to different types of mammalian cells [murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and HEp-2 cells] and chicken leukocytes. Although the type 1 fimbriated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains AJB3 (SR-11 derivative) and SL1344 both aggregated yeast cells, only the former bound efficiently to DCs and HEp-2 cells. Type 1 fimbriae-mediated binding to DCs having previously been shown to require the FimH adhesin and to be inhibited by mannose, FimH sequen

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32

Subbiah, Madhuri, Sa Xiao, Peter L. Collins, and Siba K. Samal. "Complete sequence of the genome of avian paramyxovirus type 2 (strain Yucaipa) and comparison with other paramyxoviruses." Virus Research 137, no. 1 (2008): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2008.05.012.

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33

Schmid, T. M., and T. F. Linsenmayer. "Immunohistochemical localization of short chain cartilage collagen (type X) in avian tissues." Journal of Cell Biology 100, no. 2 (1985): 598–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.100.2.598.

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Monoclonal antibodies were produced against the recently described short chain cartilage collagen (type X collagen), and one (AC9) was extensively characterized and used for immunohistochemical localization studies on chick tissues. By competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, antibody AC9 was observed to bind to an epitope within the helical domain of type X collagen and did not react with the other collagen types tested, including the minor cartilage collagens 1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha, and HMW-LMW. Indirect immunofluorescence analyses with this antibody were performed on unfixed cryost

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34

Fitch, John, M. Elizabeth Fini, David C. Beebe, and Thomas F. Linsenmayer. "Collagen type IX and developmentally regulated swelling of the avian primary corneal stroma." Developmental Dynamics 212, no. 1 (1998): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0177(199805)212:1<27::aid-aja3>3.0.co;2-4.

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35

Zinyakov, N. G., A. V. Andriyasov, Ye V. Ovchinnikova, et al. "Analysis of marker substitutions in A/chicken/Astrakhan/2171-1/2020 H5N8 isolate of avian influenza virus recovered in the Astrakhan Oblast." Veterinary Science Today, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2021-2-37-132-137.

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At the end of 2020, a large-scale bird death was registered at one of the poultry farms in the Astrakhan region, the cause of which was avian influenza. Data on detection of the marker substitutions in viral proteins of avian influenza virus A/chicken/Astrakhan/2171-1/2020 isolate are presented in the paper. Type A Н5N8 avian influenza virus was identified with complex PCR-based methods in the submitted samples. Hemagglutinin gene fragment sequencing identified REKRRKR/ GLF, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolate-characteristic amino acid sequence of the hemagglutinin cleavage site. P

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36

Bailey, Tom, Christu-Das Silvanose, Jesus Naldo, et al. "Health considerations of the rehabilitation of illegally traded houbara bustards Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii in the Middle East." Oryx 34, no. 4 (2000): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.2000.00133.x.

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AbstractThere is a large illegal trade in trapped houbara bustards Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii, which are smuggled into the Middle East for falconry. Mortality is high and is associated with poor transport conditions, malnutrition, overcrowding and exposure to multiple infectious diseases, in particular aspergillosis, avian pox and paramyxovirus type 1 virus. Other pathogens include Salmonella sp., Pseudomoims sp., Trichomonas sp., intestinal endoparasites, avian leucosis, reovirus, adeno-virus, paramyxovirus type 2 and Chlamydia sp. Various regional initiatives have been initiated to conf

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37

FECCHIO, ALAN, VINCENZO A. ELLIS, JEFFREY A. BELL, et al. "Avian malaria, ecological host traits and mosquito abundance in southeastern Amazonia." Parasitology 144, no. 8 (2017): 1117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201700035x.

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SUMMARYAvian malaria is a vector transmitted disease caused byPlasmodiumand recent studies suggest that variation in its prevalence across avian hosts is correlated with a variety of ecological traits. Here we examine the relationship between prevalence and diversity ofPlasmodiumlineages in southeastern Amazonia and: (1) host ecological traits (nest location, nest type, flocking behaviour and diet); (2) density and diversity of avian hosts; (3) abundance and diversity of mosquitoes; and (4) season. We used molecular methods to detectPlasmodiumin blood samples from 675 individual birds of 120 s

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38

Veretsun, A., B. Stegniy, O. Rula, et al. "Molecular and genetic characterization of avian laryngotracheitis virus isolates obtained in Ukraine." Agricultural Science and Practice 8, no. 1 (2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.01.032.

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Aim. To conduct a virological, PCR, PCR-RFLP and sequencing study of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) isolates obtained from sick and dead chickens at industrial and backyard poultry farms in the eastern region of Ukraine collected over the years 2010–2019 and to establish their pathotype and relationship with internationally occurring strains. Methods. Material for virological studies was collected in the framework of research program of the NSC IEСVM during 2010-2019 in the poultry farms in the North-Eastern region of Ukraine, where the birds with the respiratory clinical signs were

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39

Bleau, Christian, Roland Savard, and Lucie Lamontagne. "Murine immunomodulation of IL-10 and IL-12 induced by new isolates from avian type 2 Lactobacillus acidophilus." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 53, no. 8 (2007): 944–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w07-056.

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Several bacterial and immunogenic factors are involved in the host response to probiotic strains of Lactobacillus . Here, we report the isolation of new intestinal lactobacilli from chicken, with different immunomodulating properties on lymphoid cells from SJL and C57BL/6 mice. Analysis of biochemical markers in the Lactobacillus acidophilus CBA4P, CBA3P, and TPA3P isolates reveal that these bacterial isolates belong to the type 2 prototype, although they differ from each other. The effect of conditioned media (CM) from SJL- and C57BL/6-derived peritoneal macrophages incubated with the 3 sonic

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Kumar, Amod, Asaf V. N. Muhasin, Ashwin Ashok Raut, Richa Sood, and Anamika Mishra. "Identification of Chicken Pulmonary miRNAs Targeting PB1, PB1-F2, and N40 Genes of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 in Silico." Bioinformatics and Biology Insights 8 (January 2014): BBI.S14631. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bbi.s14631.

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Highly pathogenic Avian influenza (HPAI) is a notifiable viral disease caused by avian influenza type A viruses of the Orthomyxoviridae family. Type A influenza genome consists of eight segments of negative-sense RNA. RNA segment 2 encodes three proteins, PB1, PB1-F2, and N40, which are translated from the same mRNA by ribosomal leaky scanning and reinitiation. Since these proteins are critical for viral replication and pathogenesis, targeting their expression can be one of the approaches to control and resist HPAI. MicroRNAs are short noncoding RNAs that regulate a variety of biological proce

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41

Jacukowicz, Anna, and Katarzyna Domańska-Blicharz. "Astroviruses in poultry." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 73, no. 6 (2017): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5710.

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Astroviruses are small, round, nonenveloped viruses with star-like morphology and a diameter of 25-35 nm, and their genome constitutes linear, positive-sense ssRNA of about 7 kb of size. Astroviruses are known to cause enteritis in humans, as well as in different animal species, including sheep, cattle, swine, dogs, cats and mice. In poultry, they cause enteritis combined with growth depression and higher mortality, but may also cause other pathological conditions. Duck astrovirus (DAstV) infections trigger hepatitis with a high morbidity and mortality of ducklings. Infections of chickens with

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42

Toomey, Matthew B., Aaron M. Collins, Rikard Frederiksen, M. Carter Cornwall, Jerilyn A. Timlin, and Joseph C. Corbo. "A complex carotenoid palette tunes avian colour vision." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 111 (2015): 20150563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0563.

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The brilliantly coloured cone oil droplets of the avian retina function as long-pass cut-off filters that tune the spectral sensitivity of the photoreceptors and are hypothesized to enhance colour discrimination and improve colour constancy. Although it has long been known that these droplets are pigmented with carotenoids, their precise composition has remained uncertain owing to the technical challenges of measuring these very small, dense and highly refractile optical organelles. In this study, we integrated results from high-performance liquid chromatography, hyperspectral microscopy and m

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Zhang, Yong-Yuan, and Jesse Summers. "Low Dynamic State of Viral Competition in a Chronic Avian Hepadnavirus Infection." Journal of Virology 74, no. 11 (2000): 5257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.11.5257-5265.2000.

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ABSTRACT The dynamic state of infection of 11 ducks with the duck hepatitis B virus was investigated. Chronic infections were established in newly hatched ducklings by inoculation with a mixture of wild-type virus and a mutant virus with a partial replication defect. As expected, the wild-type virus was rapidly enriched in the virus population during the spread of infection. Enrichment thereafter was correlated with normal growth of the liver, with the average mutant-to-wild-type ratio stabilizing for at least 2 months beyond the time at which the liver mass stabilized. Using experimentally de

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Pandiri, A. R., I. M. Gimeno, W. M. Reed, S. D. Fitzgerald, and A. M. Fadly. "Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus-Induced Histiocytic Sarcomatosis Occurs Only in Persistently Viremic but Not Immunotolerized Meat-type Chickens." Veterinary Pathology 46, no. 2 (2009): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.46-2-282.

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Rennie, K. J., and M. J. Correia. "Potassium currents in mammalian and avian isolated type I semicircular canal hair cells." Journal of Neurophysiology 71, no. 1 (1994): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.71.1.317.

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1. Type I vestibular hair cells were isolated from the cristae ampullares of the semicircular canals of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) and the white king pigeon (Columba livia). Dissociated type I cells were distinguished from type II hair cells by their neck to plate ratio (NPR) and their characteristic amphora shape. 2. The membrane properties of gerbil and pigeon type I hair cells were studied in whole-cell voltage- and current-clamp using the perforated patch technique with amphotericin B as the perforating agent. 3. In whole-cell current-clamp, the average zero-current poten

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Braun, E. J., and P. R. Reimer. "Structure of avian loop of Henle as related to countercurrent multiplier system." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 255, no. 3 (1988): F500—F512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1988.255.3.f500.

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The ultrastructural detail of the avian loop of Henle was examined, and comparisons were made to the loop of Henle of mammalian kidneys. Birds are the only group of vertebrates other than mammals that have the capability of elaborating a urine more concentrated than the plasma. Therefore, a comparison of the principal tubular element responsible for this phenomenon was made. Gambel's quail (Callipepla gambelii) were used as experimental animals. The animals were anesthetized with Inactin, and the kidneys were perfused-fixed in situ. The results show that the transition from the pars recta of t

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Seal, Bruce S. "Avian pneumoviruses and emergence of a new type in the United States of America." Animal Health Research Reviews 1, no. 1 (2000): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252300000062.

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AbstractAvian pneumovirus (APV) primarily causes an upper respiratory disease recognized as turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) or swollen head syndrome (SHS) in chickens. The virus was first isolated in South Africa during the early 1970s and has subsequently been reported in Europe, Asia and South America. In February 1997, a serologically distinct APV isolate was officially reported in the USA following an outbreak of TRT during the previous year. This was the first report of these virus types in the USA; they were previously considered exotic to the USA and Canada. The predicted matrix (M) protei

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Volkova, M. A., I. A. Chvala, O. S. Osipova, M. A. Kulagina, D. B. Andreychuk, and I. A. Chvala. "Serological monitoring of avian influenza and Newcastle disease in the Russian Federation in 2019." Veterinary Science Today, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2020-2-33-76-82.

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More than 30,000 samples of blood serum from domestic, wild and synanthropic birds from 50 regions of the Russian Federation were submitted to the FGBI “ARRIAH” (Vladimir) Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases to be tested for avian influenza and Newcastle disease within the framework of monitoring activities conducted by the Rosselkhoznadzor in 2019. As a result of the laboratory diagnosis, antibodies to type A influenza virus were detected in vaccinated chickens from two poultry farms in the Perm and Primorsky Krais (A/N9). The detected antibodies were specific to the haemagglutinin

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Volkov, M. S., V. N. Irza, A. V. Varkentin, S. V. Rogolyov, and A. V. Andriyasov. "Results of scientific expedition to natural biotopes of the Republic of Tyva in 2019 with the purpose of infectious disease monitoring in wild bird populations." Veterinary Science Today, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2020-2-33-83-88.

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The results of the scientific expedition to Tere Khol and Uvs Nuur Lakes in the Republic of Tyva with the purpose of active monitoring of highly dangerous diseases in wild migratory waterfowl and epidemic analysis of these biotope water areas are presented in the paper. The Uvs Nuur Lake is a kind of an indicator for avian influenza introduction to the Russian Federation, because this is the resting and nesting area for many migratory wild birds during the period of mass migrations from Central and South-East Asian countries. In the process of active monitoring the complete autopsy of bird car

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Hisanaga, Tamiko, Catherine Soos, Nicola Lewis, Oliver Lung, Matthew Suderman, and Yohannes Berhane. "Genetic and Antigenic Characterization of Avian Avulavirus Type 6 (AAvV-6) Circulating in Canadian Wild Birds (2005–2017)." Viruses 13, no. 4 (2021): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040543.

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We describe for the first time the genetic and antigenic characterization of 18 avian avulavirus type-6 viruses (AAvV-6) that were isolated from wild waterfowl in the Americas over the span of 12 years. Only one of the AAvV-6 viruses isolated failed to hemagglutinate chicken red blood cells. We were able to obtain full genome sequences of 16 and 2 fusion gene sequences from the remaining 2 isolates. This is more than double the number of full genome sequences available at the NCBI database. These AAvV-6 viruses phylogenetically grouped into the 2 existing AAvV-6 genotype subgroups indicating t

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