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Journal articles on the topic 'Avidity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Arifa, Julian Eva, Budiman Bela, Silvia Tri Widyaningtyas, and Jeanne Elvia Christian. "Penggunaan antigen p24, IDR-Gp41 dan ID2-Pol dalam uji aviditas untuk identifikasi kasus baru pada infeksi HIV-1." Jurnal Biotek Medisiana Indonesia 8, no. 1 (2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/jbmi.v8i1.2578.

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AIDS is a severe immunodeficiency disease caused by HIV. Identification of new HIV infection in a population is required for the evaluation of intervention strategy of HIV-1 transmission. The avidity assay has been promoted for HIV-1 detection. Avidity assay is based on affinity strength of the epitopes of the HIV antigen against its specific corresponding antibodies. The binding of the antigen - the antibody formed in the initial phase of infection is relatively weak and easy to break with chaotropic reagents. In contrary, the antigen-antibody binding formation in long-term infection is stron

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2

Prince, Harry E., Mary Lapé-Nixon, and Susan M. Novak-Weekley. "Performance of a Cytomegalovirus IgG Enzyme Immunoassay Kit Modified To Measure Avidity." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 21, no. 6 (2014): 808–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00105-14.

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ABSTRACTThe measurement of cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG avidity accurately discriminates recent and past CMV infections. We sought to determine if the Wampole Laboratories CMV IgG enzyme immunoassay (EIA) could be modified to measure avidity. The evaluation panel consisted of 156 serum samples we used in 2002 to validate a laboratory-developed EIA, in which 78 serum samples exhibited low avidity, 7 exhibited intermediate avidity, and 71 exhibited high avidity. The qualitative agreement between the two avidity assays was 94% (147/156); all 9 sera with discordant results exhibited intermediate avid

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3

Elyasi, Hossein, Jalal Babaie, Hélène Fricker-Hidalgo, et al. "Use of Dense Granule Antigen GRA6 in an Immunoglobulin G Avidity Test To Exclude Acute Toxoplasma gondii Infection during Pregnancy." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 17, no. 9 (2010): 1349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00199-10.

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ABSTRACT The usefulness of a specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on recombinant GRA6 antigen for distinguishing between acute and chronic Toxoplasma infection was investigated. Two sets of serum samples obtained from pregnant women with acute, chronic, or no Toxoplasma infection collected in France and Iran were used. Among the French subjects, 19 of 20 (95%) women who experienced seroconversion during the past 4 months before sampling displayed low-avidity IgG antibodies against GRA6, while all 17 (100%) women with chronic infection had high

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4

Aguado-Martínez, A., G. Álvarez-García, I. Arnaiz-Seco, E. Innes, and L. M. Ortega-Mora. "Use of Avidity Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Avidity Western Blot to Discriminate between Acute and Chronic Neospora Caninum Infection in Cattle." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 17, no. 5 (2005): 442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870501700506.

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Avidity serological tests (avidity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and avidity Western blot) were developed and used to differentiate between acute (primary infection, reinfection, and recrudescence) and chronic Neospora caninum infection in cattle. In addition, the pattern of immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity maturation against different specific antigens of N. caninum tachyzoites was studied. Sequential serum samples were collected from cattle naturally and experimentally infected with N. caninum. Four groups of experimentally infected cattle were included in the study and were repres

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5

Billeskov, Rolf, Yichuan Wang, Shahram Solaymani-Mohammadi, et al. "Low antigen dose in adjuvant-based vaccination selectively induces CD4 T cells with enhanced functional avidity and protective efficacy." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (2017): 73.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.73.9.

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Abstract T cells of high functional avidity sense and respond to low levels of antigen (Ag), and their superior protective efficacy was first described using CD8 T cells cultured in vitro with low levels of Ag resulting in higher avidity and anti-tumor/viral efficacy compared to low avidity T cells cultured with high Ag concentrations. Selectively inducing high avidity by low Ag concentrations has required in vitro expansion so far, as in vivo attempts with low-dose vaccination gave no response. We show for the first time that functionally high avidity CD4, but not CD8, T cells are selectively

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6

Yoshida, Márcia, Maria Carmen Arroyo Sanchez, and Maria Aparecida Shikanai-Yasuda. "Increased Immunoglobulin G Anti-Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Serum Antibody Avidity as a Predictor of Favorable Posttherapeutic Evolution in Paracoccidioidomycosis." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, no. 11 (2009): 1583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00265-09.

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ABSTRACT Paracoccidioidomycosis is endemic in Latin America, and ca. 80% of all cases occur in Brazil. Little is known about antibody avidity or the evolution of such avidity in the posttherapeutic period for the different clinical presentations of the disease. In the present study, we evaluated 53 patients with paracoccidioidomycosis and calculated the avidity index. Medium- and high-avidity antibodies were found in 79.5% of patients with chronic presentation (n = 39). Among patients with the acute form (n = 14), 57.1% of the antibodies presented low avidity. In the posttherapeutic period, th

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7

Gray, Peter M., Griffith D. Parks, and Martha A. Alexander-Miller. "A Novel CD8-Independent High-Avidity Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Response Directed against an Epitope in the Phosphoprotein of the Paramyxovirus Simian Virus 5." Journal of Virology 75, no. 21 (2001): 10065–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.21.10065-10072.2001.

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ABSTRACT Adoptive transfer studies have shown that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) of high avidity, capable of recognizing low levels of peptide-MHC I molecules, are more efficient at reducing viral titers than are low-avidity CTL, thus establishing CTL avidity as a critical parameter for the ability of a CTL to clear virus in vivo. It has been well documented that CTL of high avidity are relatively CD8 independent, whereas low-avidity CTL require CD8 engagement in order to become activated. In this study we have analyzed the antiviral CTL response elicited following infection with the paramyxov

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8

Singh Redhu, Naresh, Ayan Dey, Veena Balooni, and Sarman Singh. "Use of Immunoglobulin G Avidity To Determine the Course of Disease in Visceral and Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis Patients." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 13, no. 8 (2006): 969–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00149-06.

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ABSTRACT In the present study, anti-Leishmania immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity was used to estimate the approximate time of disease manifestation. Significant differences (P < 0.0001) were found between the levels of anti-rKE-16 IgG avidity in leishmaniasis patients with recent and chronic diseases. More than 76% of patients with an illness duration of less than 6 months had avidity of less than 70%, 94% of patients had less than 80% avidity, and all (100%) patients with illness of more than 6 months had avidity values higher than 70%. The study showed that avidity could successfully be used

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9

Pereira Arias-Bouda, Lenka M., Sjoukje Kuijper, Anouk Van Der Werf, Lan N. Nguyen, Henk M. Jansen, and Arend H. J. Kolk. "Changes in Avidity and Level of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Sera of Patients Undergoing Treatment for Pulmonary Tuberculosis." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 10, no. 4 (2003): 702–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.10.4.702-709.2003.

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ABSTRACT Much is known about specific antibodies and their titers in patients with tuberculosis. However, little is known about the avidity of these antibodies or whether changes in avidity occur during the progression of the disease or during treatment. The aims of this study were to determine the avidity of antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, to explore the value of avidity determination for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, and to study changes in levels of antibodies and their avidity during treatment. Antibody avidity was measured by an enzyme-li

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10

Tiburcio, Monique Gomes Salles, Laís Anversa, Kelly Aparecida Kanunfre, Antonio Walter Ferreira, Virmondes Rodrigues Júnior, and Luciana de Almeida Silva. "Anti-Leishmania infantum IgG Antibody Avidity in Visceral Leishmaniasis." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, no. 11 (2013): 1697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00367-13.

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ABSTRACTIgG avidity tests are used to discriminate acute from chronic infections. There are few reports on the IgG avidity profile of patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). This study investigated the anti-LeishmaniaIgG avidity in patients with classic VL (n= 10), patients showing clinical cure after treatment (n= 18), and asymptomatic subjects with at least one positiveLeishmaniatest (n= 20). All subjects were from areas in Brazil where VL is endemic. Serum samples were collected from each subject on two different occasions. IgG avidity was evaluated by Western blotting. The proportion of

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11

Singhaviranon, Summit, Joseph Dempsey, Adam Hagymasi, Ion Mandoiu, and Pramod K. Srivastava. "Low avidity CD8 +T cells are less exhausted than their high avidity counterparts and provide superior anti-tumor immunity." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (2023): 171.10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.171.10.

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Abstract The interaction of T cell receptors (TCRs) on T cells with MHC I-peptide complexes on cancer cells elicits the cytotoxic activity of CD8 +T cells. Here we analyze how the strength of this interaction, or T cell avidity, shapes the exhaustion of CD8 +TILs and dictates anti-tumor immunity. We developed a novel tetramer decay assay to isolate T cells based on their TCR avidities. We used this method to study low and high avidity CD8 +TILs responding to the tumor neoantigen PDPR MUTof the murine sarcoma Meth A. Single cell sequencing reveals that high avidity CD8 +TILs are more terminally

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12

AYTAÇ, Uğur. "A Critique of the Humean Justification of Private Property." Posseible, no. 11 (June 30, 2017): 22–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7419825.

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Hume contends that the only way to avoid destructive conflicts among people with infinite desires for scarce resources is to converge on some regulatory human conventions. In the Humean theory of property, avidity of individuals, which is defined as a kind of insatiable greed for wealth, cannot be eliminated. As such, a property system can appropriately regulate a society only if individuals tend to comply with property rules out of their avidity. Since the private property system enables individuals to pursue their love of material gain, it is in a complete harmony with human avidity. In this

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13

Prince, Harry E., Mary Lapé-Nixon, Michael P. Busch, Leslie H. Tobler, Gregory A. Foster, and Susan L. Stramer. "Utilization of Follow-Up Specimens from Viremic Blood Donors To Assess the Value of West Nile Virus Immunoglobulin G Avidity as an Indicator of Recent Infection." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 12, no. 9 (2005): 1123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.12.9.1123-1126.2005.

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ABSTRACT The value of West Nile virus immunoglobulin G avidity for distinguishing recent from past infection was investigated using 348 follow-up specimens from 170 viremic blood donors. Low avidity accurately indicated infection within the previous 4 months. However, due to rapid avidity maturation in some individuals, high avidity did not accurately indicate past infection.

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14

Nilsson, Joachim N., Jonathan Siikanen, Christel Hedman, C. Christofer Juhlin, and Catharina Ihre Lundgren. "Pre-Therapeutic Measurements of Iodine Avidity in Papillary and Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Reveal Associations with Thyroglobulin Expression, Histological Variants and Ki-67 Index." Cancers 13, no. 14 (2021): 3627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13143627.

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Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) are treated with radioiodine to reduce recurrence and to treat the spread of disease. Adequate iodine accumulation in cancer tissue, iodine avidity, is important for treatment effect. This study investigated which clinical and histological tumour characteristics correlate with avidity. To quantify avidity in cancer tissue, tracer amounts of iodine-131 were given to 45 patients with cytologically confirmed thyroid cancer. At pathology grossing, representative samples of tumour and lymph nodes were taken and subjected

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15

Benner, Sarah E., Eshan U. Patel, Oliver Laeyendecker, et al. "SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Avidity Responses in COVID-19 Patients and Convalescent Plasma Donors." Journal of Infectious Diseases 222, no. 12 (2020): 1974–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa581.

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Abstract Background Convalescent plasma therapy is a leading treatment for conferring temporary immunity to COVID-19–susceptible individuals or for use as post-exposure prophylaxis. However, not all recovered patients develop adequate antibody titers for donation and the relationship between avidity and neutralizing titers is currently not well understood. Methods SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid IgG titers and avidity were measured in a longitudinal cohort of COVID-19 hospitalized patients (n = 16 individuals) and a cross-sectional sample of convalescent plasma donors (n = 130). Ep

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16

Mason, Steve. "Acetylating for avidity." Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 18, no. 11 (2011): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.2181.

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17

Leite, Marcel, Sonia Siciliano, Lucia Silvieri A. Rocha, Teresa R. Justa, Katia Regina César, and Celso F. H. Granato. "Correlation between specific IgM levels and percentage IgG-class antibody avidity to Toxoplasma gondii." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 50, no. 4 (2008): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652008000400010.

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Toxoplasmosis is an usually asymptomatic worldwide disseminated infection. In its congenital presentation it may lead to abortion or fetal malformations. Antenatal evaluation is considered of paramount importance to identify seronegative women and allow for prophylaxis. Recent improvements in sensitivity of IgM tests has made IgM detection an extremely protracted acute phase marker, and IgG avidity evaluation test became necessary. Observation has shown that a correlation can be established between IgM levels and avidity percentages, suggesting that frequently the avidity test may not be neces

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18

Sharma, Sharad K., and Martha A. Alexander-Miller. "Differential TCR signal transduction pathways involved in high and low avidity CD8+ T-cell responsiveness (35.26)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (2009): 35.26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.35.26.

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Abstract CTLs that display high functional avidity are known to be optimal for pathogen clearance. However, the molecular mechanism that allows high avidity CTLs to respond at very low levels of peptide antigen remains to be elucidated. To investigate this question, we compared TCR signal transduction events in high and low avidity CD8+ T-cells generated from OT-I TCR transgenic mice. Upon stimulation with APCs preloaded with a range of Ova257-264 peptide concentrations (10^-6, 10^-9 and 10^-12 M), we found that high avidity CD8+ T-cells induced higher levels of MAPK ERK-1/2 phosphorylation as

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19

Racine-Brzostek, Sabrina E., Mohsen Karbaschi, Christian Gaebler, et al. "TOP-Plus Is a Versatile Biosensor Platform for Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Durability." Clinical Chemistry 67, no. 9 (2021): 1249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvab069.

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Abstract Background Low initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody titers dropping to undetectable levels within months after infection have raised concerns about long-term immunity. Both the antibody levels and the avidity of the antibody–antigen interaction should be examined to understand the quality of the antibody response. Methods A testing-on-a-probe “plus” panel (TOP-Plus) was developed to include a newly developed avidity assay built into the previously described SARS-CoV-2 TOP assays that measured total antibody (TAb), surrogate neutralizing antibod

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Kodym, Petr, Zuzana Kurzová, Dagmar Berenová, and Marek Malý. "Detection of persistent low IgG avidity–an interpretative problem in the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (2023): e0284499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284499.

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Objectives For the proper diagnosis of toxoplasmosis it is essential to determine the stage of the infection, for which the most preferred method is IgG avidity test. The avidity index (AI) should initially be low (AI≤0.3) in the acute phase and increase during the infection. However, persistent low avidity can occur in patients with latent toxoplasmosis, which can complicate the interpretation of the results. The aim of the study is to explain the causes of this phenomenon. Methodology A retrospective study was carried out with 717 serum samples collected from 442 patients from the categories

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Souza-Júnior, Virgílio Gonçalves de, Ernesto Antonio Figueiró-Filho, Danilo De Cerqueira Borges, Vanessa Marcon Oliveira, and Lílian Rezende Coelho. "Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy: Perinatal results and association of the IgG avidity test with congenital infection in pregnant women with positive anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM [Abstract in English]." Scientia Medica 20, no. 1 (2010): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2010.1.6266.

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AIMS: To verify the perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with acute toxoplasmosis, and to determine if there was association between the results of Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgG avidity test and the presence or absence of fetal/neonatal infection. METHODS: A cross-sectional study included pregnant women with serological diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis (presenting a positive Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgM test) attended at the outpatient unit for high-risk pregnancy of the Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in the period from November 2002 to November 2007.

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Burchert, Andreas, Thomas Berg, Markus Ritter, Peter Barth, and Andreas Neubauer. "Detection of Significantly Increased Frequencies of Proteinase-3 (Myeloblastin) - Specific CD8+ T-Cells in Patients with De Novo Diagnosed Hepatitis C and Infiltration of Liver Tissue with Proteinase 3 Overexpressing Mononuclear Cells." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 3867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3867.3867.

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Abstract Proteinase 3 (PR3), also referred to as myeloblastin, is a 26kD serine protease which is overexpressed in precursor cells of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). PR3 has previously been identified as the autoantigen of Wegener’s granulomatosis, which is characterized by a self-destructive humoral and T-cell response against PR3. However, high avidity PR3-specific cytotoxic T-cells (CTL) from CML patients specifically lysed CML blasts and their presence in vivo correlated with the achievement of a complete cytogenetic remission under interferon alpha (IFNα) therapy. Thus, overcoming tolera

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Alex, Diviya, Tennison Inba Raj Williams, Jaiprasath Sachithanandham, et al. "Performance of a Modified In-House HIV-1 Avidity Assay among a Cohort of Newly Diagnosed HIV-1 Infected Individuals and the Effect of ART on the Maturation of HIV-1 Specific Antibodies." Current HIV Research 17, no. 2 (2019): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162x17666190712125606.

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Background: Viral kinetics impact humoral immune response to HIV; antibody avidity testing helps distinguish recent (<6 months) and long-term HIV infection. This study aims to determine the frequency of recent HIV-1 infection among clients attending ICTC (Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre) using a commercial EIA, to correlate it with a modified in-house avidity assay and to study the impact of ART on anti-HIV-1 antibody maturation. Method: Commercial LAg Avidity EIA was used to detect antibody avidity among 117 treatment naïve HIV-1 infected individuals. A second-generation HIV ELIS

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Murat, Jean-Benjamin, Coralie L'Ollivier, Hélène Fricker Hidalgo, Jacqueline Franck, Hervé Pelloux, and Renaud Piarroux. "Evaluation of the New Elecsys Toxo IgG Avidity Assay for Toxoplasmosis and New Insights into the Interpretation of Avidity Results." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 19, no. 11 (2012): 1838–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00333-12.

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ABSTRACTDetection and treatment of acute toxoplasmosis during pregnancy can avoid severe disease of the fetus. In this context, assessment of anti-ToxoplasmaIgG avidity has been shown to exclude recent infection. The Elecsys Toxo IgG and IgM assays (Roche Diagnostics) have been validated for screening pregnant women and a new assay, Elecsys Toxo IgG Avidity, was recently developed. Our aims were to investigate the performance characteristics of this new avidity assay and explore whether additional information can be provided by avidity assays. The Elecsys assay was compared with the Vidas (bio

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Villard, O., L. Breit, B. Cimon, et al. "Comparison of Four Commercially Available Avidity Tests for Toxoplasma gondii-Specific IgG Antibodies." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, no. 2 (2012): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00356-12.

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ABSTRACTToxoplasmainfection in pregnant women may cause congenital toxoplasmosis. Diagnosis of infection is based on serological tests aimed at detecting IgM and IgG antibodies againstToxoplasma gondii. However, IgM antibodies are not an accurate marker for discriminating between acute and latent infection. Detection of residual or persistent IgM may occur months or even years after primary infection, while the IgG avidity test is a rapid means of identifying latent infections in pregnant women who exhibit both IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasmaantibodies on initial testing during pregnancy. In this

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Deshpande, Poonam S., Dupadahalli Kotresha, Rahmah Noordin, et al. "IgG AVIDITY WESTERN BLOT USING Toxoplasma gondii rGRA-7 CLONED FROM NUCLEOTIDES 39-711 FOR SERODIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE TOXOPLASMOSIS." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 55, no. 2 (2013): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652013000200003.

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Toxoplasmosis is an important cause of congenital infection. The present study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of recombinant (r) GRA-7 cloned from nucleotides (n) 39-711 in discriminating between acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. First, commercial IgM, IgG and IgG avidity ELISAs were used to determine the serological profile of the sera. Serum samples were from 20 symptomatic patients with acute infection (low IgG avidity, IgM positive), 10 with chronic infection (high IgG avidity, IgM negative) and 10 with indeterminate IgG avidity (IgM positive) which were tested for IgG avidity sta

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Farman, Meena S., and Marwa A. Akoul. "The Effect of Toxoplasmosis on Pregnant Women and Its Diagnosis by “VIDAS Test of IgG Avidity”." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 19, no. 3 (2022): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw220042.

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Toxoplasmosis is well known as a cause of infection in pregnant women. Although many serological methods are available, diagnosis of early Toxoplasmosis may be extremely difficult. Toxoplasmosis is typically diagnosed during pregnancy via testing of maternal serum for IgM and IgG anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. Toxoplasmosis is normally asymptomatic, but it can have serious effects in immune-deficient individuals. Because avidity increases over time during infection, determining specific IgG avidity allows for more precise dating. Long-term IgM persistence makes it difficult to distinguish between

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Viganò, Selena, Daniel T. Utzschneider, Matthieu Perreau, Giuseppe Pantaleo, Dietmar Zehn, and Alexandre Harari. "Functional Avidity: A Measure to Predict the Efficacy of Effector T Cells?" Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/153863.

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The functional avidity is determined by exposing T-cell populationsin vitroto different amounts of cognate antigen. T-cells with high functional avidity respond to low antigen doses. Thisin vitromeasure is thought to correlate well with thein vivoeffector capacity of T-cells. We here present the multifaceted factors determining and influencing the functional avidity of T-cells. We outline how changes in the functional avidity can occur over the course of an infection. This process, known as avidity maturation, can occur despite the fact that T-cells express a fixed TCR. Furthermore, examples a

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Kurtenkov, Oleg, and Kersti Klaamas. "Hidden IgG Antibodies to the Tumor-Associated Thomsen-Friedenreich Antigen in Gastric Cancer Patients: Lectin Reactivity, Avidity, and Clinical Relevance." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6097647.

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Natural antibodies to the tumor-associated Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TF) are related to tumor immunosurveillance and cancer patients’ survival. Hidden IgG antibodies (HAbs) to TF, their lectin reactivity, avidity, and clinical relevance were studied. HAbs were present in cancer patients and controls. A decreased level of IgG HAbs was detected in cancer. The HAbs level positively correlated with the sialospecific SNA lectin binding in purified total IgG (tIgG) in donors and cancer patients, indicating that HAbs are higher sialylated. The avidity of anti-TF IgG in tIgG samples was lower in c

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Macre, Miriam de Souza, Márcio Pires, Luciana Regina Meireles, Sérgio O. Angel, and Heitor Franco de Andrade Jr. "Serology using rROP2 antigen in the diagnostic of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 51, no. 5 (2009): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652009000500009.

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Toxoplasma gondii causes severe fetal disease during acute infection in pregnant women, thus demanding early diagnosis for effective treatment and fetus preservation. Fetal tests are inefficient and risky, and diagnosis is based on maternal IgM serology, which had weak screening ability due to increased sensitivity, with alternative IgG avidity tests. Here, we performed ELISA and avidity assays using a recombinant T. gondii antigen, rROP2, in samples from 160 pregnant women screened from a large public hospital who were referred due to positive IgM assays. IgG serology and avidity assays were

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Usinger, William R., and Alexander H. Lucas. "Avidity as a Determinant of the Protective Efficacy of Human Antibodies to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharides." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 5 (1999): 2366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.5.2366-2370.1999.

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ABSTRACT Antibodies reactive with capsular polysaccharides are considered the principal mediators of immunity against invasive diseases caused byStreptococcus pneumoniae. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that anti-pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PPS) antibody avidity can influence protective efficacy. We measured the avidities of individual adult postvaccination immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) antibodies to PPS serotypes 6B and 23F and examined the relationship between avidity and opsonophagocytic and mouse-protective activities. The avidities of PPS 6B- and PPS 23F-specific IgG2 antibod

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VILLAVEDRA, Margarita, Julio BATTISTONI, and Alberto NIETO. "IgG recognizing 21-24 kDa and 30-33 kDa tachyzoite antigens show maximum avidity maturation during natural and accidental human toxoplasmosis." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 41, no. 5 (1999): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651999000500006.

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We describe the avidity maturation of IgGs in human toxoplasmosis using sequential serum samples from accidental and natural infections. In accidental cases, avidity increased continuously throughout infection while naturally infected patients showed a different profile. Twenty-five percent of sera from chronic patients having specific IgM positive results could be appropriately classified using exclusively the avidity test data. To take advantage of the potentiality of this technique, antigens recognized by IgG showing steeper avidity maturation were identified using immunoblot with KSCN elut

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Paul, Malgorzata. "Immunoglobulin G Avidity in Diagnosis of Toxoplasmic Lymphadenopathy and Ocular Toxoplasmosis." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 6, no. 4 (1999): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.6.4.514-518.1999.

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ABSTRACT Traditional serological techniques have some limitations in evaluating the duration of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women, patients with lymphadenopathy, and older children suspected of having congenital toxoplasmosis. In these three groups of patients, two variants of T. gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity tests were used: an EIA Kit (Labsystems) and a noncommercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specially elaborated in the laboratory. The avidity of specific IgG in sera from 23 patients with a known recently acquired infection (mainly pregnant women) was low (less th

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Prince, Harry E., and Amy L. Leber. "Validation of an In-House Assay for Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin G (CMV IgG) Avidity and Relationship of Avidity to CMV IgM Levels." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 9, no. 4 (2002): 824–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.9.4.824-827.2002.

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ABSTRACT Measurement of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity has proven to be a powerful tool for distinguishing primary from nonprimary CMV infection. An in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring CMV IgG avidity was validated using 84 sera from pregnant women who had recently seroconverted following primary CMV infection and 74 sera from individuals with past CMV infection (IgG-positive and IgM-negative profile). Of the 84 sera from pregnant women, 73 sera were collected within 120 days of the last IgG-negative sample, and 72 of these 73 sera (9

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Lefevre-Pettazzoni, M., A. Bissery, M. Wallon, G. Cozon, F. Peyron, and M. Rabilloud. "Impact of Spiramycin Treatment and Gestational Age on Maturation of Toxoplasma gondii Immunoglobulin G Avidity in Pregnant Women." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 14, no. 3 (2007): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00311-06.

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ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to investigate the maturation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity after Toxoplasma gondii seroconversion during pregnancy and the factors that affect IgG avidity over time. The study used 309 serum samples from 117 women and a multiple linear mixed regression analysis to show the patterns of variation of IgG avidity throughout gestation. The IgG avidity ratios and the patterns of their evolution with time were quite diverse among the women and were statistically heterogeneous (P = 0.011); however, the trend was toward a statistically significant in

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Iqbal, Jamshaid, and Nabila Khalid. "Detection of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in early pregnancy by IgG avidity and PCR analysis." Journal of Medical Microbiology 56, no. 11 (2007): 1495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47260-0.

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Acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in early pregnancy carries the risk of transmitting the infection to the fetus with serious sequelae. However, serological testing for IgG/IgM anti-Toxoplasma antibodies may fail to differentiate between a recent and past infection. Two hundred and twenty-four Kuwaiti women in their first trimester were screened for IgG/IgM antibodies by the Vitek Immuno Diagnostic Assay System (VIDAS) and VIDAS IgG-avidity tests. On serological screening, 119 (53.1 %) women were positive for IgG antibodies and 31 (13.8 %) for IgM antibodies. Nine of the IgM-positive and 7 IgM

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Baccard-Longere, Monique, Francois Freymuth, Denis Cointe, Jean Marie Seigneurin, and Liliane Grangeot-Keros. "Multicenter Evaluation of a Rapid and Convenient Method for Determination of Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin G Avidity." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 8, no. 2 (2001): 429–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.8.2.429-431.2001.

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ABSTRACT An easy, rapid, and reproducible test to distinguish residual cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies from antibodies produced in primary infection could be useful, especially for pregnant women. The CMV avidity of IgG antibodies with the VIDAS automated enzyme-linked fluorescent assay and 6 M urea was evaluated in a multicenter study to differentiate between primary CMV infections and past infections or reactivations. A total of 416 serum specimens were tested: 159 specimens were from follow-up of primary infections, and 257 were from past infections. All of the speci

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Alam, Mohammad Murshid, Mohammad Arifuzzaman, Shaikh Meshbahuddin Ahmad, et al. "Study of Avidity of Antigen-Specific Antibody as a Means of Understanding Development of Long-Term Immunological Memory after Vibrio cholerae O1 Infection." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, no. 1 (2012): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00521-12.

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ABSTRACTThe avidity of antibodies to specific antigens and the relationship of avidity to memory B cell responses to these antigens have not been studied in patients with cholera or those receiving oral cholera vaccines. We measured the avidity of antibodies to cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) andVibrio choleraeO1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Bangladeshi adult cholera patients (n= 30), as well as vaccinees (n= 30) after administration of two doses of a killed oral cholera vaccine. We assessed antibody and memory B cell responses at the acute stage in patients or prior to vaccination in vaccinees a

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Takahashi, Etsuhisa, Takako Sawabuchi, Tetsuya Homma, et al. "Clinical Utility of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titer Multiplied by Binding Avidity of Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) in Monitoring Protective Immunity and Clinical Severity." Viruses 15, no. 8 (2023): 1662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15081662.

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Conventional serum antibody titer, which expresses antibody level, does not provide antigen binding avidity of the variable region of the antibody, which is essential for the defense response to infection. Here, we quantified anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody binding avidity to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) by competitive binding-inhibition activity (IC50) between SARS-CoV-2 S1 antigen immobilized on the DCP microarray and various RBD doses added to serum and expressed as 1/IC50 nM. The binding avidity analyzed under equilibrium conditions of antigen–antibody binding reaction is different from the

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Abou Basha, L. M., A. Y. Shehab, M. M. Osman, and H. F. Farag. "Specific IgG avidity in acute and chronic human fascioliasis." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 6, no. 5-6 (2000): 919–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2000.6.5-6.919.

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The detection of IgG avidity in sera is potentially useful in the diagnosis of acute and chronic infection. We studied IgG avidity in 31 patients with fascioliasis, with the aim of evaluating the clinical application of this test to confirm the diagnosis of incubating cases and to distinguish between acute and chronic cases. Of the 31 cases, 13 were incubating and had a mean avidity index of 57.28 +/- 5.79%. The 18 chronic cases had an avidity index of 68.80 +/- 8.92%. The difference was highly significant. We conclude that IgG avidity is a reliable means of identifying the stage of fasciolias

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Marcolino, P. T., D. A. O. Silva, P. G. Leser, M. E. Camargo, and J. R. Mineo. "Molecular Markers in Acute and Chronic Phases of Human Toxoplasmosis: Determination of Immunoglobulin G Avidity by Western Blotting." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 7, no. 3 (2000): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.7.3.384-389.2000.

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ABSTRACT We characterized antigenic markers recognized by human serum samples from patients presenting with acute and chronic toxoplasmosis by the determination of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody avidity by a Western blot modified technique (avidity immunoblotting) that includes the dissociation of the antigen-antibody interaction with 6 or 8 M urea solutions. Human serum samples from 20 patients presenting with recent infection and from 20 patients with chronic infection were analyzed. It was observed that bands p16, p32, p38, p40, p43, p54, p60, p66, and p97 were more frequently recognized b

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Pacheco, Bianca Lisley Barboza, Camila Parada Nogueira, and Emerson José Venancio. "IgY Antibodies from Birds: A Review on Affinity and Avidity." Animals 13, no. 19 (2023): 3130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13193130.

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IgY antibodies are found in the blood and yolk of eggs. Several studies show the feasibility of utilising IgY for immunotherapy and immunodiagnosis. These antibodies have been studied because they fulfil the current needs for reducing, replacing, and improving the use of animals. Affinity and avidity represent the strength of the antigen–antibody interaction and directly influence antibody action. The aim of this review was to examine the factors that influence the affinity and avidity of IgY antibodies and the methodologies used to determine these variables. In birds, there are few studies on

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Singhaviranon, Summit, Joseph P. Dempsey, Adam T. Hagymasi, and Pramod K. Srivastava. "Abstract 608: Low avidity neoepitope-specific CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes are less exhausted and more effective than their high avidity counterparts in a BALB/c murine fibrosarcoma." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (2023): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-608.

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Abstract The frequency of CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been positively associated with overall survival in several cancers. The interaction of T cell receptors (TCRs) on T cells with Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)-peptide complexes on cancer cells elicits the cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells. Here we set out to understand how the strength of this interaction, or T cell avidity, shapes the phenotype of CD8+ TILs and how that dictates anti-tumor immunity. We developed a novel tetramer decay assay to isolate T cells based on their TCR avidities. We then used this metho

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Boon, Adrianus C. M., Gerrie de Mutsert, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus, and Guus F. Rimmelzwaan. "The Hypervariable Immunodominant NP418-426 Epitope from the Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein Is Recognized by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes with High Functional Avidity." Journal of Virology 80, no. 12 (2006): 6024–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00009-06.

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ABSTRACT Recently it was shown that influenza A viruses can accumulate mutations in epitopes associated with escape from recognition by human virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). It is unclear what drives diversification of CTL epitopes and why certain epitopes are variable and others remain conserved. It has been shown that simian immunodeficiency virus-specific CTL that recognize their epitope with high functional avidity eliminate virus-infected cells efficiently and drive diversification of CTL epitopes. T-cell functional avidity is defined by the density of major histocompatibili

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Adams, Nicholas M., Dianne Lumaquin, Endi K. Santosa, et al. "Cytomegalovirus infection drives avidity selection of natural killer cells." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (2019): 76.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.76.3.

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Abstract Adaptive lymphocyte clones with the greatest receptor affinity tend to dominate primary and secondary immune responses. Strength of receptor signal and receptor abundance, along with competition for antigen and cytokines, drive preferential outgrowth of certain clones, shaping the effector and memory pool in selection processes known as affinity and avidity maturation. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes capable of “adaptive” responses following infectious challenges. However, whether NK cells undergo a similar selection process on the basis of their avidity for cognate l

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Dapporto, Francesca, Serena Marchi, Margherita Leonardi, et al. "Antibody Avidity and Neutralizing Response against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant after Infection or Vaccination." Journal of Immunology Research 2022 (August 31, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4813199.

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Background. The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant exhibits several mutations on the spike protein, enabling it to escape the immunity elicited by natural infection or vaccines. Avidity is the strength of binding between an antibody and its specific epitope. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds to its cellular receptor with high affinity and is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, protective antibodies should show high avidity. This study aimed at investigating the avidity of receptor-binding domain (RBD) binding antibodies and their neutralizing activity against th

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Naheen, Chowdhury Rafia, Shirin Tarafder, Humayun Sattar, and Shafinaz Khan. "Toxoplasma gondii specific IgG avidity assay: Role and implication in the confirmatory diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis in seropositive pregnant women." Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 9, no. 2 (2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v9i2.29263.

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<p>This study was undertaken to apply<em> Toxoplasma gondii</em> specific IgG avidity test in seropositive pregnant women to differentiate acute and past infection. <em>T. gondii</em> specific IgG avidity test was conducted in 39 seropositive pregnant women and their pregnancy outcomes were observed later on. Out of 39 <em>T. gondii</em> seropositive pregnant women 33 (84%) were only IgG positive and 6 (15.4%) were both IgG-IgM positive. All the IgG positive cases (100%) and 2(33.3%) IgG-IgM positive cases had high avidity antibodies and they gave birt

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Freedman, Bruce D., Qing-Hua Liu, Selin Somersan, Michael I. Kotlikoff, and Jennifer A. Punt. "Receptor Avidity and Costimulation Specify the Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling Pattern in Cd4+Cd8+ Thymocytes." Journal of Experimental Medicine 190, no. 7 (1999): 943–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.190.7.943.

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Thymocyte maturation is governed by antigen–T cell receptor (TCR) affinity and the extent of TCR aggregation. Signals provided by coactivating molecules such as CD4 and CD28 also influence the fate of immature thymocytes. The mechanism by which differences in antigen–TCR avidity encode unique maturational responses of lymphocytes and the influence of coactivating molecules on these signaling processes is not fully understood. To better understand the role of a key second messenger, calcium, in governing thymocyte maturation, we measured the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) re

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Bullock, Jimmie L., Thomas E. Hickey, Troy J. Kemp, et al. "Longitudinal Assessment of BNT162b2- and mRNA-1273-Induced Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG Levels and Avidity Following Three Doses of Vaccination." Vaccines 12, no. 5 (2024): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050516.

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SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-induced protection against infection is likely to be affected by functional antibody features. To understand the kinetics of antibody responses in healthy individuals after primary series and third vaccine doses, sera from the recipients of the two licensed SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines were assessed for circulating anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG levels and avidity for up to 6 months post-primary series and 9 months after the third dose. Following primary series vaccination, anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG levels declined from months 1 to 6, while avidity increased through month 6, irre

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Hahn, W. C., S. J. Burakoff, and B. E. Bierer. "Signal transduction pathways involved in T cell receptor-induced regulation of CD2 avidity for CD58." Journal of Immunology 150, no. 7 (1993): 2607–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.150.7.2607.

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Abstract Through physiologic interactions with its ligands CD58 (lymphocyte function-associated Ag-3, LFA-3) and CD59, the T cell glycoprotein CD2 plays a role in T cell signaling and promotes lymphocyte adhesion. We have recently demonstrated that the interaction of CD2 with CD58 is dynamic: TCR stimulation or treatment with the phorbol ester PMA rapidly up-regulates CD2 ligand avidity, and this regulation requires the carboxyl-terminal asparagine residue of the CD2 cytoplasmic domain. Here we have analyzed the regulation of CD2 avidity for CD58, as assessed by the binding of CD2+ cells to pu

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