Relevant bibliographies by topics / AVL Boost

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'AVL Boost'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "AVL Boost"

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Bellér, G., I. Árpád, J. T. Kiss, and D. Kocsis. "AVL Boost: a powerful tool for research and education." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1935, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1935/1/012015.

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Hongjuan, Ren, Lou Diming, Zhu Jian, and Luo Yiping. "Dynamic Model Parameter Identification and Simulation of SCR Based on Genetic Algorithm§." Open Chemical Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (July 31, 2015): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874123101509010062.

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The Selective Catalytic Reduce (SCR) is studied. The unknown parameters of the SCR kinetic model equations are fitted based on the Genetic Algorithm (GA), which is in the range of the allowable error, compared to the experimental data. Then in AVL Boost software, the simulation results of SCR reaction are obtained. Compared to the test data, the simulation results prove that the parameter identification is effective. At last, the SCR reaction is simulated in AVL Boost, and at the same exhaust temperature, the effect of GHSV and NSR on the SCR reaction is studied.
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Ling, C. H., and M. A. Abas. "One-Dimensional Simulation Using Port Water Injection for a Spark Ignition Engine." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 4 (December 24, 2018): 5803–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.15.4.2018.7.0444.

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Water injection is a promising solution to reduce fuel consumption while improving the performance of a turbocharged gasoline engine. One-dimensional (1D) engine simulation software, AVL BOOST is rarely used to model water injection. Therefore, this study is aimed to demonstrate the detailed port water injection modelling via AVL BOOST. A four-cylinder turbocharged gasoline engine was developed in AVL BOOST based on the specification of the engine test rig and verified to be used as the baseline model. The port water injection modelling was then added to the baseline model. Water to fuel mass ratios of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25 were chosen as the variables to investigate the effect of water injection on the engine performance. The results showed that maximum engine torque and IMEP increased by 10.80% and 8.65%, respectively at 3000 rpm. The water injection also reduced the in-cylinder pressure at the end of the compression stroke, reducing the compression work and improving efficiency. The reduction of combustion temperature also indicates potential for NOx reduction. The lower exhaust temperature can reduce the use of fuel enrichment which consequently reduces the fuel consumption. Conclusively, the water injection model can predict the engine performance parameters accurately.
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Mohamad, Barhm, Jalics Karoly, and Andrei Zelentsov. "CFD MODELLING OF FORMULA STUDENT CAR INTAKE SYSTEM." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume190509032m.

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Formula Student Car (FS) is an international race car design competition for students at universities of applied sciences and technical universities. The winning team is not the one that produces the fastest racing car, but the group that achieves the highest overall score in design, racing performance. The arrangement of internal components for example, predicting aerodynamics of the air intake system is crucial to optimizing car performance as speed changes. The air intake system consists of an inlet nozzle, throttle, restrictor, air box and cylinder suction pipes (runners). The paper deals with the use of CFD numerical simulations during the design and optimization of components. In this research article, two main steps are illustrated to develop carefully the design of the air box and match it with the suction pipe lengths to optimize torque over the entire range of operating speeds. Also the current intake system was assessed acoustically and simulated by means of 1-D gas dynamics using the software AVL-Boost. In this manner, before a new prototype intake manifold is built, the designer can save a substantial amount of time and resources. The results illustrate the improvement of simulation quality using the new models compared to the previous AVL-Boost models.The results illustrate the improvement of simulation quality using the new models compared to the previous AVL-Boost models.
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Ma, Zhi Hao, Xiao Pei Chen, Ding Wei Gao, and Bin Xu. "The CFD Analysis of Exhaust Runner for GW15 Gasoline Engine." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.326.

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In order to improve GW15 gasoline engine’s power and economy, AVL BOOST/FIRE software has been applied to the simulation of the engine’s one-dimensional and coupled 1D-3D simulation. First, optimal length of exhaust runner was obtained by simulation with BOOST, and proposed two types of structures schemes. Then, the better one was selected for BOOST and FIRE coupling in order to further optimize the exhaust runner according to the numerical simulation results. Finally, the engine performances were verified through experiment. The results indicate that both the engine’s maximal torque and maximal power increase, specific fuel consumption decreases.
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ALQAHTANI, Ali, Miroslaw WYSZYNSKI, Pawel MAZURO, and Hongming XU. "Evaluation of the effect of variable compression ratios performance on opposed piston 2-stroke engine." Combustion Engines 171, no. 4 (November 1, 2017): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-417.

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Numerous skills involving the introduction of (OP) opposed piston engine have been developed in the recent past. Indeed, novel techniques can help to improve the performance of the engine. The aim of this paper is to model and simulate a simple single-cylinder two-stroke opposed-piston engine and minimise fuel consumption and heat loss, using the software programme AVL BOOST™. AVL BOOST is an engine modelling software, which analyses the performance of a modelled single cylinder two-stroke opposed-piston engine by changing desired parameters. In order to meet this aim, experimental results from a unique engine are used to make a comparison with the results obtained from AVL BOOST model. Six combinations of compression ratios (12, 13.5, 15, 16.5, 18 and 19.5) are analysed in this study with the engine speed running at 420 rpm and 1500 rpm. In addition to the compression ratios, the effect of stroke-to-bore (S/B) ratios on OP2S performance is investigated. Various values of S/B ratios, whilst maintaining a constant swept volume, port geometry and combustion timing, and their effect on fuel consumption and heat loss are analysed in this study. A comparison between the two engine speeds with increasing combinations of compression ratios, and the S/B ratios revealed minimal differences in peak pressure, peak temperature, IMEP, ISFC, indicated efficiency and total heat loss. Detailed analyses of these parameters are highlighted in discrete sections of this paper.
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Yu, Weigang, Zhiqing Zhang, and Bo Liu. "Effect Analysis on the Performance Enhancement and Emission Reduction of Diesel Engine Fueled with Biodiesel Fuel Based on an Improved Model." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2020 (December 11, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8831376.

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To increase the efficiency and accuracy of computing, an improved combined weight coefficient is used to develop an improved heat transfer model in AVL-BOOST environment. Similarly, a five-component biodiesel skeletal mechanism is employed to investigate the combustion process of biodiesel fuel. Then, the AVL-BOOST model is validated by the experimental results under different conditions. Finally, the improved heat transfer model is employed to investigate the propulsion and load characteristics of diesel engine fueled with biodiesel fuel in terms of power, BSFC, soot, and NOx emission. The result shows that the errors between experiment and simulation are less than 2% and the simulation model can predict the propulsion and load characteristics of the diesel engine. In addition, the comprehensive characteristic of case 5 is the best. Moreover, the big inject orifice is not beneficial to the fuel atomization and more soot is produced. Thus, it is very important to choose the appropriate injection rate reasonably.
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Grabowski, Łukasz, Ksenia Siadkowska, and Krzysztof Skiba. "Simulation Research of Aircraft Piston Engine Rotax 912." MATEC Web of Conferences 252 (2019): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925205007.

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This paper reports the results of simulation works of Rotax 912 aircraft piston engine, which is a basic unit in most ultra-light aircrafts. The method for preparing the model aircraft engine operation process was presented. Simulation tests were carried out in the AVL Boost programme. The programme allows a full use of zero-dimensional and one-dimensional modelling. It also allows a comparison of other engine models. The developed model has enabled us to simulate the flow of air through the inlet pipes, carburettors, valves and combustion process. The preparation of the model required us to enter parameters that are not available in the manufacturer's catalogue, therefore, necessary measurements and analysis of the engine parts were carried out on a laboratory bench. The calculations in the AVL Boost programme were carried out in the conditions determined for the selected BMEP values with the objective of characterising the engine performance by determining its power, torque and fuel consumption.
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Juknelevičius, Romualdas. "RME CO-COMBUSTION WITH HYDROGEN IN COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE: PERFORMANCE, EFFICIENCY AND EMISSIONS / SLĖGINIO UŽDEGIMO VARIKLIO ENERGINIŲ, EFEKTYVUMO IR DEGINIŲ EMISIJOS RODIKLIŲ TYRIMAS NAUDOJANT RAPSŲ METILESTERĮ IR VANDENILĮ." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 10 (December 21, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2018.4093.

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The article presents the test results of the single cylinder CI engine with common rail injection system operating on biofuel – Rapeseed Methyl Ester with addition supply of hydrogen. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the influence of the hydrogen addition to the biofuel on combustion phases, engine performance, efficiency, and exhaust emissions. HES was changed within the range from 0 to 44%. Hydrogen was injected into the intake manifold, where it created homogeneous mixture with air. Tests were performed at both fixed and optimal injection timings at low, medium and nominal engine load. After analysis of the engine bench tests and simulation with AVL BOOST software, it was observed that lean hydrogen – RME mixture does not support the flame propagation and efficient combustion. While at the rich fuel mixture and with increasing hydrogen fraction, the combustion intensity concentrate at the beginning of the combustion process and shortened the ignition delay phase. AVL BOOST simulation performed within the wide range of HES (16–80%) revealed that combustion intensity moves to the beginning of combustion with increase of HES. Decrease of CO, CO2 and smoke opacity was observed with increase of hydrogen amounts to the engine. However, increase of the NO concentration in the engine exhaust gases was observed. Santrauka Straipsnyje pateikti tyrimo rezultatai, gauti atlikus bandymą vieno cilindro slėginio uždegimo variklyje su biodegalais – rapsų metilesterį (RME) ir vandenilį. Biodegalai įpurškiami akumuliatorine įpurškimo sistema „Common rail“. Šio tyrimo tikslas – ištirti, kaip vandenilis veikia biodegalų degimą, variklio veikimą, jo efektyvumą ir deginių susidarymą. Vandenilio energinė dalis degimo mišinyje buvo keičiama nuo 0 iki 44 %. Vandenilis buvo tiekiamas įsiurbimo fazės metu įsiurbimo kanalu į degimo kamerą, kurioje jis, susimaišęs su oru, sudaro homogeninį mišinį. Bandymai buvo atliekami nekeičiant įpurškimo kampo, nustačius optimalų įpurškimo kampą esant žemai, vidutinei ir nominaliai variklio apkrovai. Išnagrinėjus variklio bandymų rezultatus ir sumodeliavu AVL BOOST programa, buvo pastebėta, kad, esant liesam vandenilio ir RME mišiniui, liepsnos plitimas yra lėtas, mišinys dega neveiksmingai. Tačiau riebus degalų mišinys ir padidinta vandenilio energijos dalis užtikrina degimo intensyvumą degimo proceso pradžioje ir sutrumpina uždegimo gaišties trukmę. AVL BOOST modeliavimas, atliktas plačiu vandenilio energijos dalies diapazonu (16–80 %), patvirtino teiginį, kad degimas tampa intensyvesnis degimo pradžioje dėl padidinto vandenilio kiekio. Didinant vandenilio kiekį, buvo pastebėta, kad išmetamosiose dujose sumažėjo CO, CO2 ir kietųjų dalelių, tačiau padidėjo NO koncentracija.
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ALQAHTANI, Ali, Farzad SHOKROLLAHIHASSANBAROUGH, and Miroslaw WYSZYNSKI. "Thermodynamic simulation comparison of AVL BOOST and Ricardo WAVE for HCCI and SI engines optimisation." Combustion Engines 161, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116893.

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The aim of this paper is to compare two simulation software platforms, AVL BOOST™ and Ricardo WAVE™ as used to simulate HCCI and SI GDI engines with the intention of maximising the engine’s efficiency and minimising the emissions. This paper compares these platforms in an experimentally validated model to analyse a spark ignition and a Homogeneous Compression Ignition Charge (HCCI) single cylinder 4 valve gasoline engines with multiple configurations and running parameters in order to find the most optimal set-up for the engine, with the prospect of allowing an optimum engine to be built and tested in real world conditions without the need for multiple expensive prototypes and long delays.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AVL Boost"

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Ramanathan, Sathish Kumar. "Linear Acoustic Modelling and Testing of Exhaust Mufflers." Thesis, KTH, Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4340.

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Intake and Exhaust system noise makes a huge contribution to the interior and exterior noise of automobiles. There are a number of linear acoustic tools developed by institutions and industries to predict the acoustic properties of intake and exhaust systems. The present project discusses and validates, through measurements, the proper modelling of these systems using BOOST-SID and discusses the ideas to properly convert a geometrical model of an exhaust muffler to an acoustic model. The various elements and their properties are also discussed.

When it comes to Acoustic properties there are several parameters that describe the performance of a muffler, the Transmission Loss (TL) can be useful to check the validity of a mathematical model but when we want to predict the actual acoustic behavior of a component after it is installed in a system and subjected to operating conditions then we have to determine other properties like Attenuation, Insertion loss etc,.

Zero flow and Mean flow (M=0.12) measurements of these properties were carried out for mufflers ranging from simple expansion chambers to complex geometry using two approaches 1) Two Load technique 2) Two Source location technique. For both these cases, the measured transmission losses were compared to those obtained from BOOST-SID models.

The measured acoustic properties compared well with the simulated model for almost all the cases.

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CAMPOS, Ricardo Augusto Seawright de. "Modelagem e simulação de grupo gerador diesel consumindo óleo vegetal “in natura” enriquecido com hidrogênio e oxigênio visando melhorar sua eficiência energética." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/8981.

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Submitted by Hellen Luz (hellencrisluz@gmail.com) on 2017-08-07T16:25:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_ModelagemSimulacaoGrupo.pdf: 8415473 bytes, checksum: 51d0bbdf612a283f4ad16654565e5eee (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br) on 2017-08-09T13:31:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_ModelagemSimulacaoGrupo.pdf: 8415473 bytes, checksum: 51d0bbdf612a283f4ad16654565e5eee (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-09T13:31:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_ModelagemSimulacaoGrupo.pdf: 8415473 bytes, checksum: 51d0bbdf612a283f4ad16654565e5eee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28
Grupo gerador é um equipamento composto por um motor de combustão interna e um alternador, responsável pela geração de energia elétrica no mundo inteiro e também em muitas comunidades isoladas na região amazônica. O uso de combustíveis de origem fóssil em grupos geradores é bastante comum, havendo uma grande dependência mundial, desse tipo de combustível. Diante de um cenário mundial com possibilidades de escassez de petróleo e água, e apesar da matriz energética diversificada, o Brasil tem forte dependência dessas duas fontes de energia para geração de eletricidade. As pesquisas envolvendo a utilização de óleo vegetal “in natura” para substituir, parcial ou totalmente, os combustíveis fósseis, ou ser misturado a outros tipos de combustível vêm crescendo. Neste trabalho, foi realizada uma modelagem e simulação computacional de um grupo gerador consumindo óleo vegetal “in natura”, enriquecido com hidrogênio e oxigênio com o objetivo de melhorar sua eficiência energética, a partir de melhorias propostas na combustão. A modelagem e simulações foram realizadas com o software AVL BOOST®. O modelo computacional foi ajustado e validado junto a experimento realizado em um motor quatro tempos Diesel, injeção indireta, naturalmente aspirado, de 20 kW. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em duas fases. Na primeira, foi feita a substituição energética de óleo vegetal por hidrogênio, em parcelas de 0% a 20%, com intervalos de 5%. Na segunda, oxigênio, em base mássica, foi adicionado ao ar de admissão, em proporções pré-definidas, e o modelo foi simulado até que fosse atingido o limite operacional do motor. Foi considerado nas simulações, o grupo gerador operando com cargas de 75%, 80% e 100%. Nas duas etapas da investigação, os resultados indicaram um aumento na potência elétrica, diminuição do consumo específico de combustível e melhoria no rendimento global do grupo gerador. A utilização de H2 indicou aumento das emissões à plena carga. Na simulação realizada com O2, a formação de CO apresentou queda e Nox aumentou para cargas parciais. As simulações indicaram que a utilização desses dois vetores energéticos mostrou-se bastante promissora, melhorando a combustão do óleo vegetal “in natura“ e a eficiência energética do grupo gerador.
Generator set is a device formed by an internal combustion engine and an alternator responsible for electricity generation all over the world and in many isolated communities in the Amazon region. The use of fossil fuels in generators is very common with a great global dependency on this type of fuel. Facing a world stage with possibility of shortages of oil and water and despite the diversified energy matrix, Brazil has strong dependence of these two energy sources for electricity generation. Researches involving the use of vegetable oil "in natura" to replace, partially or completely, fossil fuels, or be mixed with other types of fuel are growing. In this paper, a modeling and computer simulation of a genset consuming vegetable oil "in natura" enriched with hydrogen and oxygen was carried out in order to improve their energy efficiency as from proposed improvements in the combustion. The modeling and simulations were performed with AVL Boost® software. The computational model was adjusted and validated with the experiment carried out in a Diesel engine of 20 kW, four strokes, indirect injection, naturally aspirated. The study was developed in two phases. At first, the energy substitution of vegetable oil by hydrogen was made in portions of 0% to 20%, in 5% intervals. In the second, oxygen in weight basis was added to the intake air in predefined proportions and the model was simulated until the engine operating limit was reached. It was considered the genset operating with loads of 75%, 80% and 100%, in the simulations. In the two stages of the investigation, the results indicated an increase in electrical power, reduced specific fuel consumption and improved overall efficiency of the generator set. The use of H2 showed increased emissions at full load. In the simulation performed with O2, CO formation decreased and NOx formation increased to partial loads. The simulations indicated that the use of these two energy carriers proved to be very promising, improving the combustion of vegetable oil "in natura" and the energy efficiency of the generator set.
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Egervári, Katharina Lucia [Verfasser], and Joachim [Verfasser] Boos. "Zwischen Anspruch und Wirklichkeit - Aufklärung und Patientenautonomie in Therapieoptimierungsstudien am Beispiel der Studie AIEOP-BFM ALL 2009 / Katharina Lucia Egervári, Joachim Boos." Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1141793644/34.

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Schmalstieg, Christian [Verfasser], and Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Boos. "Die Bedeutung der remissionserhaltenden Dauertherapie bei Kindern mit akuter lymphoblastischer Leukämie im Rahmen der Therapieoptimierungsstudie ALL-BFM-2000 / Christian Schmalstieg. Betreuer: Joachim Boos." Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102702209X/34.

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Burr, Benjamin J. "Intertextuality in the Fiction of Cormac McCarthy." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1374.pdf.

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Hazime, Mahmoud. "Etude de l’effet de l’octadécaneuropeptide sur l’activité du cortex cérébral : intérêt pour la récupération fonctionnelle post-ischémique The gliopeptide ODN, a ligand for the benzodiazepine site of GABAA receptors, boosts functional recovery after stroke Prolonged deficit of gamma oscillations in the peri-infarct cortex of mice after stroke Bi-directional effect of the endozepine ODN on neuronal activity in vivo." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR127.

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L’ischémie cérébrale demeure un problème de santé publique majeur pour lequel on manque de solution thérapeutique permettant de favoriser la récupération des fonctions perdues. L’équipe de recherche dans laquelle cette thèse fut menée a mis en évidence que l’octadécaneuropeptide (ODN), un ligand endogène du récepteur GABAA, permet d’améliorer la récupération sensori-motrice après une ischémie cérébrale chez la souris. L’objectif de cette thèse était de caractériser les effets de l’ODN sur l’activité neuronale in vivo afin de mieux comprendre par quel mécanisme ce peptide agit sur la réparation des circuits neuronaux. Dans une première partie, nous avons montré que l’ODN, in vivo, se comporte comme un pro-excitateur à une concentration micromolaire (la concentration à laquelle il permet la récupération fonctionnelle) en revanche, à faible concentration (10-12 M) l’ODN inhibe l’activité des neurones du cortex. Dans ce travail, nous proposons, sur la base d’expériences in vitro, que cette inhibition est induite par une libération astrocytaire de GABA. Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons démontré que le régime oscillatoire du cortex perilésionnel (fluctuations rythmiques de l’excitabilité neuronale) est appauvri en oscillations gamma 7 et 21 jours après une ischémie cérébrale, mais que l’ODN n’a aucun effet sur leur puissance. Ces travaux confirment l’intérêt de renforcer l’excitabilité du cortex après un AVC et montrent qu’à cette fin, l’ODN peut-être un outil pharmacologique efficace
Cerebral ischemia remains a major public health problem for which there is a lack of a therapeutic solution to promote the recovery of lost functions. The research team in which this thesis was conducted found that octadecaneuropeptide (ODN), an endogenous ligand of the GABAᴀ receptor, improves sensory-motor recovery after cerebral ischemia in mice. The aim of this thesis was to characterize the effects of ODN in neural activity in vivo in order to better understand by what mechanism this peptide can act on the repair of neural circuits. In a first part, we showed that ODN, in vivo, behaves as an excitability enhancer at micromolar concentration (the concentration at which it improves functional recovery). On the other hand, at low concentrations (10¯¹² M) ODN inhibits the activity of neurons in the cortex. Based on complementary in vitro experiences, we propose that this inhibition is induced by an astrocytic release of GABA. In a second part of the thesis, we demonstrated that the oscillatory regimen of the peri-lesional cortex (rythmic fluctuations of neural excitability) is depressed in gamma oscillation 7 and 21 days after cerebral ischemia. However, ODN has no effect on the oscillatory spectral power. This work confirms the value of enhancing the excitability of the cortex after a stroke and shows that for this purpose ODN can be an effective pharmacological tool
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Ates, Murat. "Fuel economy modeling of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, and coastdown study." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2009-05-80.

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Development of a fuel economy model for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles is part of the Texas Department of Transportation’s “Estimating Texas Motor Vehicle Operating Costs” project. A literature review for models that could be used to predict the fuel economy of light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles resulted in selection of coastdown coefficients to simulate the combined effects of aerodynamic drag and tire rolling resistance. For light-duty vehicles, advantage can be taken of the modeling data provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for adjusting chassis dynamometers to allow accurate determination of emissions and fuel economy so that compliance with emissions standards and Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) regulations can be assessed. Initially, EPA provided vehicle-specific data that were relevant to a physics-based model of the forces at the tire-road interface. Due to some limitations of these model parameters, EPA now provides three vehicle-specific coefficients obtained from vehicle coastdown data. These coefficients can be related back to the original physics-based model of the forces at the tire-road interface, but not in a manner that allows the original modeling parameters to be extracted from the coastdown coefficients. Nevertheless, as long as the operation of a light-duty vehicle does not involve extreme acceleration or deceleration transients, the coefficients available from the EPA can be used to accurately predict fuel economy. Manufacturers of heavy-duty vehicles are not required to meet any sort of CAFE standards, and the engines used in heavy-duty vehicles, rather than the vehicles themselves, are tested (using an engine dynamometer) to determine compliance with emissions standards. Therefore, EPA provides no data that could be useful for predicting the fuel economy of heavy-duty vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to perform heavyduty coastdown tests in order to predict fuel economy, and use these tests to develop vehicle-specific coefficients for the force at the tire-road interface. Given these coefficients, the fuel economy of a heavy-duty vehicle can be calculated for any driving schedule. The heavy-duty vehicle model developed for this project is limited to pre-2007 calendar year heavy-duty vehicles due to the adverse effects of emissions components that were necessary to comply with emissions standards that went into effect January 2007.
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Wu, Jen Hou, and 吳仁豪. "All Digitally controlled boost dc-dc converter with digitally delay lock loop based calibration." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00526682974182760397.

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碩士
長庚大學
電機工程學系
101
The supply voltage of most electronic products is origin by Li-on battery or Ni-Mh battery in portable electronic product. But for some specific circuits, their supply voltage must be higher than normal supply voltage such as digital camera, LED driver, and USB OTG, etc. But if we cascade several Li-on batteries, it will conflict our original design concept. Therefore, a boost DC-DC converter is adopted here for produce higher supply voltage. This thesis presents the high accuracy all digital controlled boost converter with phase calibration. We propose some novel circuits: ramp generator realizes in digital approach for coarse tuning and DPWM with build-in delay-locked loop (DLL) for phase calibration to enhance the resolution. This circuit is designed in 0.35 m CMOS process. Expected specifications: the input voltage range is from 3.3V to 4.2V with output voltage of 5V. The maximum loading current is 500 mA for 5V. The peak efficiency of the switching converter is up to 99%.
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LIN, HSIANG-LING, and 林湘凌. "Experiential Marketing and Social Marketing: The Boot Camps of All-out Defense in 2017." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y7z2q9.

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碩士
國防大學政治作戰學院
新聞碩士班
106
Winter and summer boot camps both are keys to consolidate the conception of all-out defense. The adolescent participants in these boot camps are target group of enlistment. It’s important to discover how these participants experienced in the boot camps. The purpose of this study is to identify communicative patterns of posts and comments on news websites and Facebook about these two camps, and to categorize the keywords on the Internet into different experiential marketing types. Based on the theory of experiential marketing and social marketing, this study employed data mining to analyze the texts on the Internet, to divide posts and comments into meaningful words, and to convert words into statistics numbers. As a result, this research could further calculate important words of all posts and comments, examine relative clusters, and discover latent patterns. The results of this study are as follows: 1) Both camps are featured in “sense”, “feel”, “think”, “act” and “education” experiential categories, lacking “relate”, “entertainment”, “escapist” and “esthetic” experiential categories. 2) From the “anticipation” category, the relation between boot camps and positive attitude for Minister of National Defense in R.O.C. was ensured in this research. 3) The effects of marketing on Facebook are more efficient than news websites in both two camps. 4) “Time span” of boot camps has a crucial effect on experiential marketing.
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Huang, Yang-Jing, and 黃揚景. "An Adaptive On-time Multiple-output Boost Converter with Maximum Power Point Tracking, Self-start-up Circuit and Winner-take-all High Voltage Selector for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting System." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39nfuc.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
電機工程系
106
A power-efficient boost converter for a thermoelectric energy harvesting system (EHS) is proposed in this thesis. To improve overall system power efficiency, a multiple output architecture is adopted. To provide suitable cut-off voltage to power transistors in different conditions of output voltage levels, a novel high-voltage-selector based on a winner-take-all circuit is proposed. Besides, power transistor dimensions are optimized to balance the conduction and the switching losses for minimizing the loss of the power stage. Floatinggate technologies are employed in voltage comparators and voltage detectors to avoid the power consumption of a conventional bandgap reference circuit and to provide reconfigurability for output voltage levels. Floating-gate transistors are also employed in a novel cold-start-up circuit to reduce the threshold voltage of transistors in a charge pump circuit so that the start-up voltage can be as low as 380 mV. The cold-start-up circuit exploits the same inductor as the main boost converter without extra external component. To maximize the energy harvesting efficiency, the boost converter adopts an adaptive on-time and peak current control scheme and a fractional open-circuit voltage approach to achieve maximum power point tracking. To reduce the tracking time, a binary and incremental search algorithm is exploited with small input voltage ripples. A prototyped chip is designed and fabricated in a 0:35um CMOS process. The measurement results show that the cold-start-up circuit can start-up the system when input voltage equals to 380 mV and the start-up time is about 1:4 seconds. Furthermore, the simulation result shows the peak efficiency is 95:85% when the input power equals to 988 W.
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Books on the topic "AVL Boost"

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Reading, writing, and word walls: Strategies to boost literacy skills in all learners. Peterborough, N.H: Crystal Springs Books, 2007.

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D, Cheryl Forberg R. Flavor first: Cut calories and boost flavor with 75 delicious, all-natural recipes. New York: Rodale Books, 2011.

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Allis, Janine. The secrets of my success: And the story of boost juice - juicy bits and all. Milton, Qld: John Wiley and Son, 2013.

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Cox, Bill. All-star sales book: Get in the game, boost your numbers, and achieve your potential. Austin, Tex: Greenleaf, 2008.

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Cox, Bill. All-star sales book: Get in the game, boost your numbers, and earn the big bucks. Austin, Tex: Greenleaf, 2008.

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1959-, Frey Nancy, ed. Learning words from the inside out: Vocabulary instruction that boosts achievement in all subject areas. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2009.

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Maryann, Karinch, ed. Boot camp: Be all you used to be : the sergeant's fitness and nutrition program. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 1999.

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Retro baby: Cut back on all the gear and boost your baby's development with more than 100 time-tested activities. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 2014.

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Frey, Nancy. Learning words inside and out, grades 1-6: Vocabulary instruction that boosts achievement in all subject areas. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2009.

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Bowden, Jonny. The 150 most effective ways to boost your energy: The surprising, unbiased truth about how to banish fatigue and stay energized all day. Beverly, MA: Fair Winds Press, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "AVL Boost"

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Chukwu, Ethelbert Nwakuche. "A Mathematical Solution to Boost the Positive Value of the Cumulative Balance of Payment of the USA." In Economic Dynamics of All Members of the United Nations, 7–14. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-076-8_2.

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Friedlander, Elliott, Amy Jo Dowd, Jarret Guajardo, and Lauren Pisani. "Education for All or Literacy for All? Evaluating Student Outcomes from Save the Children’s Literacy Boost Program in Sub-Saharan Africa." In Handbook of Applied Developmental Science in Sub-Saharan Africa, 347–69. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7328-6_19.

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Dezhamkhooy, Maryam, Leila Papoli Yazdi, and Omran Garazhian. "All Our Findings Are Under Their Boots! The Monologue of Violence in Iranian Archaeology." In Ethics and the Archaeology of Violence, 51–70. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1643-6_4.

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Tektonidis, D., C. Karagiannidis, C. Kouroupetroglou, and A. Koumpis. "Intuitive User Interfaces to Help Boost Adoption of Internet-of-Things and Internet-of-Content Services for All." In Inter-cooperative Collective Intelligence: Techniques and Applications, 93–110. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35016-0_4.

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Hardon, Anita. "Introduction." In Critical Studies in Risk and Uncertainty, 1–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57081-1_1.

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Abstract The everyday lives of contemporary youth are awash with chemicals to boost pleasure, energy, sexual performance, appearance, and health. What do pills, drinks, sprays, powders, and lotions do for youth? What effects are youth seeking? The ChemicalYouth ethnographies presented here, based on more than five years of fieldwork conducted in Amsterdam, Brooklyn, Cayagan de Oro, Paris, Makassar, Puerto Princesa, and Yogyakarta, show that young people try out chemicals together, compare experiences, and engage in collaborative experiments. ChemicalYouth: Navigating Uncertainty: In Search of the Good Life makes a case for examining a broader range of chemicals that young people use in their everyday lives. It focuses not just on psychoactive substances—the use of which is viewed with concern by parents, educators, and policymakers—but all the other chemicals that young people use to boost pleasure, moods, vitality, appearance, and health, purposes for using chemicals that have received far less scholarly attention. It takes the use of chemicals as situated practices that are embedded in social relations and that generate shared understandings of efficacy. More specifically, it seeks to answer the question: how do young people balance the benefits and harms of chemicals in their quest for a good life?
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Liao, Tian-fa, Zhao-quan Cai, Jia-xiang Xue, and Hong-wei Zhang. "Simulation on the Boost-Buck Current Compensation Device of PV Grid Connection and Active Power Filter All-in-One Machine." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 259–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48768-6_30.

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Leerkamp, Bert, Aggelos Soteropoulos, and Martin Berger. "Zustellroboter als Lösung für die letzte Meile in der Stadt?" In AVENUE21. Politische und planerische Aspekte der automatisierten Mobilität, 107–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63354-0_7.

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ZusammenfassungDer städtische Güterverkehr nimmt eine immer wichtigere Rolle im Bereich der urbanen Mobilität sowie auch in der städtischen Verkehrspolitik ein, da der E-Commerce boomt: Die Digitalisierung bringt es mit sich, dass immer öfter Waren über das Internet bestellt werden, wodurch sich auch der Lieferverkehr stark erhöht hat (vgl. Muschkiet/Schückhaus 2019: 358; Deutsche Bundesregierung 2019: 44f.). Es bedarf daher neuer nachhaltiger Lösungen und Konzepte in der urbanen Logistik, wobei besonders die letzte Meile infolge fehlender Bündelung und großer Aufwände eine wesentliche Herausforderung darstellt (vgl. Gerdes/Heinemann 2019: 399; Buthe et al. 2018: 30; Lierow/Wisotzky 2019). Gleichzeitig entstehen neue Zustellformen wie etwa Zustellroboter (vgl. Baum et al. 2019: 2455; Jennings/Figliozzi 2019: 317), denen ein großes Potential für die letzte Meile zugeschrieben wird.
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van Doorn, Cees, and Theo Brinkel. "Deterrence, Resilience, and the Shooting Down of Flight MH17." In NL ARMS, 365–83. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-419-8_19.

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AbstractRussian disinformation has thus far proven to be unconvincing for most Dutch target audiences. This is the conclusion of the present chapter. Information and disinformation have become effective weapons in international politics. This is part of a development where the weapons and concepts used in deterrence strategies have moved away from the military domain toward the political, economic, humanitarian, and communicative ones. In western literature, this is called hybrid warfare. In recent literature on hybrid warfare, resilience is often considered a key theme which may boost deterrence against hybrid activities and/or lower their impact. Most research on resilience and security is focused on infrastructure and resource planning. In this chapter, however, we attempt to ascertain how the existence of resilience in society can be observed. By looking at the case of the Dutch reaction to the shooting down of flight MH17, we hope to illustrate how resilience works in deterrence to hybrid warfare. We try to establish how subversive Russian activities were taking place and what measures were taken by the Netherlands government in order to counteract them. We monitored societal resilience by looking for the presence of trust, social capital, and credible narratives in reaction to disinformation activities after a disruptive event. All these elements appeared to be present in the MH17 case. Overall, we conclude, the handling of the MH17 case has reinforced deterrence.
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Reames, Donald V. "Hydrogen Abundances and Shock Waves." In Solar Energetic Particles, 187–219. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66402-2_9.

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AbstractHow well do protons fit into the abundance patterns of the other elements? Protons have Q = 1 and A/Q = 1 at all temperatures of interest. When does their relative abundance fit on the power law in A/Q defined by the elements with A/Q > 2? For small “pure” impulsive events, protons fit well, but for larger CME-associated impulsive events, where shock waves boost the intensities, protons are enhanced a factor of order ten by addition of seed protons from the ambient plasma. During most large gradual SEP events with strong shock waves, protons again fit the power law, but with weaker or quasi-perpendicular shock waves, dominated by residual impulsive seed particle abundances at high Z, again protons are enhanced. Proton enhancements occur when moderately weak shock waves happen to sample a two-component seed population with dominant protons from the ambient coronal plasma and impulsive suprathermal ions at high Z; thus proton-enhanced events are a surprising new signature of shock acceleration in jets. A/Q measures the rigidity dependence of both acceleration and transport but does not help us distinguish the two. Energy-spectral indices and abundances are correlated for most gradual events but not when impulsive ions are present; thus we end with powerful new correlations that probe both acceleration and transport.
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Iliev, Simeon. "Investigation of the Gasoline Engine Performance and Emissions Working on Methanol-Gasoline Blends Using Engine Simulation." In Numerical and Experimental Studies on Combustion Engines and Vehicles. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92858.

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The aim of this study is to develop the one-dimensional model of a four-cylinder, four-stroke, multi-point injection system SI engine and a direct injection system SI engine for predicting the effect of various fuel types on engine performances, specific fuel consumption, and emissions. Commercial software AVL BOOST was used to examine the engine characteristics for different blends of methanol and gasoline (by volume: 5% methanol [M5], 10% methanol [M10], 20% methanol [M20], 30% methanol [M30], and 50% methanol [M50]). The methanol-gasoline fuel blend results were compared to those of net gasoline fuel. The obtained results show that when methanol-gasoline fuel blends were used, engine performance such as power and torque increases and the brake-specific fuel consumption increases with increasing methanol percentage in the blended fuel.
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Conference papers on the topic "AVL Boost"

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Gupta, Rajat, Bosco Rajan, Vishnuvarthan Muthusamy, Arvind Kumar, Kanishka Gaur, Gordon Bartley, and Alok Trigunayat. "A Modelling and Simulation Study of Toluene Adsorption in DOC Using AVL Boost." In Symposium on International Automotive Technology. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-26-0324.

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Fridriksson, Helgi S., Shahrokh Hajireza, Martin Tunér, and Bengt Sunén. "A CFD Investigation of Heat Transfer in a Diesel Fueled PPC Engine Applying Design of Experiments." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92059.

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Due to the nature of the engine cycle, heat transfer has a significant role in the estimation of engine efficiency. The effects are quite well known in the classic combustion concepts, compression ignition (CI) and spark ignition (SI) combustion. But for the newer, low temperature combustion (LTC) concepts, these effects are not that well known. In this paper, a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, AVL FIRE, is used to evaluate engine performance and emissions for different thermal settings in the engine cylinder of a LTC engine. Design of experiments (DoE) methodology is applied to model the response variables and quantify the effects from different model variables on the response. The results show that, within the parameter space chosen for this work, the strongest effect on the in-cylinder heat transfer and engine performance comes from the temperature and pressure at inlet valve closing, as well as the piston wall temperature. The values giving the best combination of low heat loss and high performance are high temperature walls along with cold inflowing air and high boost pressure.
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Pasini, Gianluca, Stefano Frigo, and Silvia Marelli. "Numerical Comparison of an Electric Turbo Compound Applied to a SI and a CI Engine." In ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2015-1169.

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In a medium term scenario Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) downsizing and hybrid powertrain will represent the actual trend in vehicle technology to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emission. Concerning downsizing concept, to maintain a reasonable power level in small engines, the application of turbocharging is mandatory both for spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines. Following this aspect, the possibility to couple an electric machine to the turbocharger (electric turbo compound, ETC) to recover the residual energy of the exhaust gases is becoming more and more attractive, as demonstrated by several studies around the world and by the current application in the F1 Championship. The present paper shows the first numerical results of a research program focused on the comparison of the benefits resulting from the application of an ETC to a small twin-cylinder SI engine (900 cm3) and to a four cylinders CI engine (1600 cm3), both of the same maximum power. Starting from the experimental maps of several turbines and compressors, complete model of both turbocharged engines were created using the AVL BOOST one-dimension code. Concerning the SI engine, first numerical results show that ETC can improve the average overall efficiency at the highest engine speeds and loads. Besides, boost range extension in the lowest engine rotational speed region and a possible reduction of turbo lag represent other benefits related to ETC application. On the other hand, the adoption of an ETC to a CI engine shows larger benefits in term energy recovery at the highest engine speeds, with consequent reduction of fuel consumption, mainly due to the absence of throttling effects in the intake manifold and related pumping losses.
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Rajagopal, Manjunath C., Siva Krishna Reddy Dwarshala, Shaik Rehan, and Padmavathi Ramadandi. "Analysis of Pressure Pulsations in the Intake Duct of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21305.

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The inlet air flow rates of a naturally aspirated engine can be enhanced by proper synchronization of the pressure fluctuations to obtain maximum air flow rate. Single cylinder diesel engine is considered as a test case for this study. 1-D simulation software AVL-BOOST is used for predicting the air flow rates in intake duct. Using this validated simulation model, theoretical correlations from wave theories are used to explain the arrival of pressure pulses at the intake valve. The pressure pulsations at the port for different lengths of the intake duct are analyzed. It is found that, a weighted combination of one or more effects results in a peak in volumetric efficiency and it cannot always be determined from a single correlation. The effects of diameter of the intake duct on the air flow rates are also studied. The air flow rates for each crank angle are calculated based on gas dynamic relations and these numerical calculations are validated against the simulation model. The calculations are then extended, to analyze the choking effects based on a non-dimensional number. Its predominance during the early stage of intake is identified and it increased with decreasing diameter of intake duct.
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Pasini, Gianluca, Stefano Frigo, and Marco Antonelli. "Electric Turbo Compounding Applied to a CI Engine: A Numerical Evaluation of Different Layouts." In ASME 2016 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2016-9429.

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At present, the application of turbocharging in compression ignition (CI) engines represents almost all of the applications, especially for transportation where fuel efficiency and low emissions are the main targets. Following this approach, the possibility to couple an electric drive to the turbocharger (electric turbo compound, ETC) to recover the residual energy of the exhaust gases is becoming more and more attractive, as demonstrated by several studies around the world. The present paper shows the first numerical results of a research program under way which is focused on the comparison of the benefits resulting from the application of two ETC configurations to a four cylinders CI engine (1561 cm3). In the first configuration, called single-ETC, a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) is coupled to an electric generator (mechanic connection); in the second, called dual ETC, the two turbomachines (the variable nozzle turbine and the compressor) are separated and each one is coupled to its own electric machine. Starting from the experimental maps of the turbine and compressor, the complete engine model was created using the AVL BOOST one-dimension code. Compared with the no-ETC engine, the adoption of the single-ETC shows interesting benefits in term of energy recovery at the highest engine speeds and loads, with consequent decrease of fuel consumption. Dual ETC allows the operation of turbine and compressor at different speeds with further reduction of the total brake specific fuel consumption.
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Curran, Scott J., James P. Szybist, and Robert M. Wagner. "Combustion Noise Investigation With Multi-Cylinder RCCI." In ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2013-19125.

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Advanced combustion techniques have shown promise for achieving high thermal efficiency with simultaneous reductions in oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. Many advanced combustion studies have used some form of noise-related metric to constrain engine operation, whether it be cylinder pressure rise rate, combustion noise, or ringing intensity. As the development of advanced combustion techniques progresses towards production-viable concepts, combustion noise is anticipated to be of the upmost concern for consumer acceptability. This study compares the noise metrics of cylinder pressure rise rate with combustion noise as measured by an AVL combustion noise meter over a wide range of engine operation conditions with reactivity controlled compression ignition on a light-duty multi-cylinder diesel engine modified to allow for direct injection of diesel fuel and port fuel injection of gasoline. Key parameters affecting noise metrics are engine load, speed, and the amount of boost. The trade-offs between high efficiency, low NOX emissions, and combustion noise were also explored. Additionally, the combustion noise algorithm integrated into the Drivven combustion analysis toolkit is compared to cylinder pressure rise rate and combustion noise as measured with a combustion noise meter. It is shown that the combustion noise of the multi-cylinder reactivity controlled compression ignition map can approach 100 dB while keeping the maximum pressure rise under 100 kPa/CAD.
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Sarangi, Asish K., Colin P. Garner, Gordon P. McTaggart-Cowan, Martin H. Davy, Emad A. Wahab, and Mark S. Peckham. "Managing the Transition Between Low Temperature Combustion and Conventional Diesel Combustion During a Load Change." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92049.

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High-EGR diesel low temperature combustion breaks the traditional diesel NOx-PM trade-off, thereby facilitating ultra-low NOx emissions with simultaneously low smoke emissions. High-EGR LTC is currently limited to low and medium load and speed conditions. Therefore, in order to implement a high-EGR diesel LTC strategy in a passenger vehicle, a transition to conventional diesel operation is required when either a high load or high speed is demanded. This transition must be carefully managed to ensure smooth operation and to avoid excessive pollutant emissions—a task that is complicated by the markedly different response time-scales of the engine’s turbocharger, EGR, and fuelling systems. This paper presents the results of a combination of numerical simulation and steady-state engine experiments that describe the performance and emissions of an automotive-sized 2 litre turbocharged diesel engine during a rapid transition from high-EGR LTC to conventional diesel operation. The effects of load change at constant engine speed during the Extra-Urban Drive Cycle (EUDC) part of the New European Drive Cycle (NEDC) are first evaluated using a one-dimensional engine simulation (Ricardo WAVE). The inputs to the model are; the initial and final fuelling quantities, the duration of the transient events, and the response of the engine’s control systems. The WAVE model outputs the intake manifold pressure and EGR level for each cycle during the transition. The predicted intake pressure, EGR rate and the corresponding known injected fuel mass for each individual cycle are used to define a set of ‘pseudo-transient’ test conditions—matching the conditions encountered at discrete points within the modelled transient—for subsequent steady-state engine testing on a 0.51 litre AVL single cylinder diesel engine. These test conditions are established on the engine using independently controllable EGR and boost systems and the corresponding emissions (NOx, smoke, CO, and THC) and performance data (GISFC) were recorded. The experimental emissions and performance data are subsequently presented on a cycle-by-cycle basis. The results of this study provide significant insight into the combustion conditions that might be encountered during mode switching and their deleterious effect on emissions and performance. Strategies to mitigate these effects are examined.
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Cook, Dave, Peter Eggleton, and Ian Stewart. "Concept Definition of a Zero Emissions Boost Locomotive for Regional Passenger Rail." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5743.

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The advantages of rail electrification have been demonstrated worldwide, yielding reductions in energy costs, locomotive maintenance, polluting emissions and noise; but these benefits are compromised by the high capital costs of the overhead catenary infrastructure. Both the significant initial investment and loss of the operational flexibility, relative to conventional diesel-electric locomotive solutions, impede consideration of rail electrification in many applications. Described in this paper is a way to retain the best features of both dedicated electric and conventional diesel-electric for powering regional and commuter rail services characterized by frequent and energy-intensive stop and go operations. The innovation is a ‘Zero Emissions Boost Locomotive’ (ZEBL), a new type of locomotive “B” unit that is coupled in a ‘plug and play’ manner behind a conventional diesel-electric locomotive. The ZEBL is an all-electric motorized unit containing a power pack of batteries and ultracapacitors providing energy-capture, storage and regeneration to boost train acceleration. The ZEBL provides an open platform that allows future expansion to incorporate new energy storage technology and grid connectivity through wireless power transfer (WPT) during station stops. Simulations indicate that adding a ZEBL to an existing commuter train boosts acceleration reducing trip time and allowing much longer trains, while its energy regeneration features significantly reduce fuel consumption, diesel emissions and wear and tear on the consumable braking components.
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Tan, Songbo. "Using error-correcting output codes with model-refinement to boost centroid text classifier." In the 45th Annual Meeting of the ACL. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1557769.1557794.

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Reddy, G. Govinda, S. Porpandiselvi, and P. Sharath Kumar. "Dual Frequency Buck-Boost Interleaved Inverter for All Metal Induction Heating Applications." In 2018 Third International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computer Technologies and Optimization Techniques (ICEECCOT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceeccot43722.2018.9001337.

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