Academic literature on the topic 'AVM-2'
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Journal articles on the topic "AVM-2"
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Kurian, Susan, and V. S. Josekumar. "PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY BIOASSAY OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF ALYSICARPUS VAGINALIS VAR. NUMMULARIFOLIUS (DC.) MIQ. (FAMILY: FABACEAE)." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i1.15688.
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<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of <em>Alysicarpus vaginalis </em>var<em>. nummularifolius </em>(DC) along with phytochemical analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The crude extract of hexane (AVH), ethyl acetate (AVE) and methanol (AVM) of <em>Alysicarpus vaginalis </em>var<em>. nummularifolius </em>(DC) were prepared and analysed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The cytotoxicity activity of the plant extracts was predicted using brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA). The antimicrobial activity and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts were examined against 5 bacterial and 2 fungal strains using agar well diffusion method, and two fold serial dilution method, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The phytochemical screening studies showed a higher concentration of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, quinones and terpenoids in AVM than the other two extracts. The LC<sub>50</sub> value of AVH and AVE were found to be 900.05 µg/ml and 754.35 µg/ml respectively using BSLA while that of AVM was&gt;1000 ug/ml. All the extracts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most of the test organisms. The MIC values of AVM were lower than AVE for all the microbial strains except for <em>Pseudomonas aeroginosa</em> where AVE (107.87µg/ml) exhibited higher value than AVM (51µg/ml).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study concluded AVM with a high presence of phytochemicals. The AVE and AVM were found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards. The AVM exhibited lesser toxicity when compared with AVH and AVE.<strong></strong></p><p> </p>
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Kurian, Susan, Leenamma Joseph, and Josekumar V. S. "PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND IN VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF SUCCESSIVE EXTRACTS OF ALYSICARPUS VAGINALIS VAR. NUMMULARIFOLIUS (DC.) MIQ." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 6 (2017): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i6.16814.
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Objective: The present study was carried to evaluate free radical scavenging activity and phytochemical analysis of successive extraction with hexane (AVH), ethyl acetate (AVE) and methanol (AVM) of Alysicarpus vaginalis var. nummularifolius (DC.) MIQ., a herb used in home remedies.Methods: The entire plant was dried and powdered, successively extracted (soxhlet apparatus) and concentrated using rotary vacuum evaporator. The extracts were quantitatively analyzed for phytochemicals like total phenolic, flavonoids, alkaloids and carbohydrates following standard methods. The free radical scavenging activity was evaluated with DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), nitric oxide radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging reactions.Results: The quantitative phytochemical studies of the crude extracts showed that AVM extract with highest phenolic, flavonoid, alkaloid and carbohydrate content which is followed by AVE and AVH. The IC50 values of AVH, AVE and AVM for scavenging DPPH, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide were 589.21±0.09 µg/ml, 254.65±0.08 µg/ml and 261.40±0.08 µg/ml; 533.81±0.09 µg/ml, 362.07±0.09 µg/ml and 456.36±0.08 µ/ml; 464.66±0.08 µg/ml, 380.29±0.08 µg/ml and 367.6±0.08 µg/ml respectively. Conclusion: The present study revealed that AVM extracts having high polyphenolic compounds when compared with AVE and AVH. The free radical scavenging reaction was greater in ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. This suggests that due to the high antioxidant reactions, these extracts can be useful for the treatment of oxidative stress–related diseases.
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Lopes, Demetrius K., Bradley Bagan, and Kalani Wells. "Onyx Embolization of Arteriovenous Malformations Using 2 Microcatheters." Neurosurgery 66, no. 3 (2010): 616–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000365368.08451.08.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE To report an operative technique using 2 microcatheters placed in different arterial pedicles for Onyx (ev3 Neurovascular, Inc, Irvine, CA) embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). TECHNIQUE Two cases illustrate this approach to embolization of AVMs. Microcatheters are placed in 2 different arterial pedicles of the AVM. Subsequently, the embolic material is injected in an alternate fashion between the microcatheters until occlusion of the AVM. CONCLUSION The 2-microcatheter technique for embolization of AVMs with Onyx was performed safely. The technique allowed for less interruptions of injection and better control of the reflux of Onyx in the arterial pedicle during treatment. This technique presents an alternate approach to conventional AVM embolization.
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Pollock, Bruce E., and John C. Flickinger. "A proposed radiosurgery-based grading system for arteriovenous malformations." Journal of Neurosurgery 96, no. 1 (2002): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.96.1.0079.
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Object. Radiosurgery is an effective treatment strategy for properly selected patients harboring arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Grading scales that are currently used to predict patient outcomes after AVM resection are unreliable tools for the prediction of the results of AVM radiosurgery. Methods. A grading system was developed to predict outcomes following AVM radiosurgery, based on the multivariate analysis of data obtained in 220 patients treated between 1987 and 1991 (Group 1). The dependent variable in all analyses was excellent patient outcome (complete AVM obliteration without any new neurological deficit). The grading scale was tested on a separate set of 136 patients with AVMs treated between 1990 and 1996 at a different center (Group 2). One hundred twenty-one (55%) of 220 Group 1 patients had excellent outcomes. Multivariate analysis identified five variables related to excellent patient outcomes: AVM volume (p = 0.001), patient age (p < 0.001), AVM location (p < 0.001), previous embolization (p = 0.02), and number of draining veins (p = 0.001). Regression analysis modeling permitted removal of two significant variables (previous embolization and number of draining veins) and resulted in the following equation to predict patient outcomes after AVM radiosurgery: AVM score = (0.1)(AVM volume in cm3) + (0.02)(patient age in years) + (0.3)(location of lesion: frontal or temporal) = 0; parietal, occipital, intraventricular, corpus callosum, cerebellar = 1; or basal ganglia, thalamic, or brainstem = 2). Seventy-nine (58%) of 136 Group 2 patients had excellent outcomes. All variables in the model remained significant for the Group 2 patients: AVM volume (p = 0.01), patient age (p = 0.01), and AVM location (p < 0.001). Testing of the entire model on the Group 2 patients demonstrated that the AVM score could be used to predict patient outcomes after radiosurgery (p < 0.0001). All patients with an AVM score of 1 or lower had an excellent outcome compared with only 39% of patients with an AVM score higher than 2. The Spetzler—Martin grade (p = 0.13), the K index (p = 0.26), and the obliteration prediction index (p = 0.21) did not correlate with excellent patient outcomes. Conclusions. Despite significant differences in preoperative patient characteristics and dose prescription guidelines at the two centers, the proposed AVM grading system strongly correlated with patient outcomes after single-session radiosurgery for both patient groups. Although further testing of this model by independent centers using prospective methodology is still required, this system allows a more accurate prediction of outcomes from radiosurgery to guide choices between surgical and radiosurgical management for individual patients with AVMs.
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Russell, Stephen M., Henry H. Woo, Seth S. Joseffer, and Jafar J. Jafar. "Role of Frameless Stereotaxy in the Surgical Treatment of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations: Technique and Outcomes in a Controlled Study of 44 Consecutive Patients." Neurosurgery 51, no. 5 (2002): 1108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200211000-00002.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE To describe a frameless stereotactic technique used to resect cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and to determine whether frameless stereotaxy during AVM resection could decrease operative times, minimize intraoperative blood losses, reduce postoperative complications, and improve surgical outcomes. METHODS Data for 44 consecutive patients with surgically resected cerebral AVMs were retrospectively reviewed. The first 22 patients underwent resection without stereotaxy (Group 1), whereas the next 22 patients underwent resection with the assistance of a frameless stereotaxy system (Group 2). RESULTS The patient characteristics, AVM morphological features, and percentages of preoperatively embolized cases were statistically similar for the two treatment groups. The mean operative time for Group 1 was 497 minutes, compared with 290 minutes for Group 2 (P = 0.0005). The estimated blood loss for Group 1 was 657 ml, compared with 311 ml for Group 2 (P = 0.0008). Complication rates, residual AVM incidences, and clinical outcomes were similar for the two groups. CONCLUSION Frameless stereotaxy allows surgeons to 1) plan the optimal trajectory to an AVM, 2) minimize the skin incision and craniotomy sizes, and 3) confirm the AVM margins and identify deep vascular components during resection. These benefits of stereotaxy were most apparent for small, deep AVMs that were not visible on the surface of the brain. Frameless stereotaxy reduces the operative time and blood loss during AVM resection.
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Brinjikji, Waleed, Vivek N. Iyer, Christopher P. Wood, and Giuseppe Lanzino. "Prevalence and characteristics of brain arteriovenous malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Neurosurgery 127, no. 2 (2017): 302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.7.jns16847.
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OBJECTIVEPatients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) are known to suffer from high rates of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature examining prevalence rates, characteristics, and clinical presentation of cerebral AVMs in the HHT population.METHODSTo identify studies on AVM prevalence and characteristics in the HHT population, 4 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched by a reference librarian with over 30 years experience in systematic reviews and meta-analysis. The search period was January 1, 1990–March 2016. The following search terms were used: hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, AVM, brain AVM, arteriovenous malformation, arteriovenous fistula, prevalence, and epidemiology. The authors identified studies that examined the prevalence rates, characteristics, and clinical presentation of cerebral AVMs in patients with HHT. They assessed overall AVM prevalence rates as well as prevalence rates by age, sex, HHT type, and country/region. They also systematically reviewed the characteristics of AVMs, including rupture status, location, clinical presentation, angioarchitecture, and Spetzler-Martin grade. Data were analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis model.RESULTSThirty-nine studies were included in this meta-analysis. Thirty studies examined brain AVM prevalence rates in various HHT patient populations, and 18 studies examined AVM clinical and angiographic characteristics (9 studies examined both prevalence rates and AVM characteristics). The prevalence of brain AVMs in HHT patients was 10.4% (95% CI 7.9%–13.0%) with no significant difference between males (8.5%, 95% CI 4.9%–12.0%) and females (11.0%, 95% CI 5.9%–16.1%). Patients with HHT Type 1 (HHT1) had a significantly higher brain AVM prevalence (13.4%, 95% CI 9.5%–17.4%) compared with those with HHT Type 2 (HHT2) (2.4%, 95% CI 1.0%–3.8%) (p < 0.0001). In 55.2% (95% CI 38.3%–72.1%) of cases, the AVMs were symptomatic. Spetzler-Martin grade was 2 or less in 86.9% (95% CI 67.5%–95.2%) of patients.CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of brain AVMs in the HHT population is about 10%. HHT1 patients are significantly more likely to have brain AVMs than HHT2 patients. Most AVMs in the HHT population are symptomatic. The Spetzler-Martin grade for these lesions is 2 or less in nearly 90% of patients.
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Rozhchenko, L. V., N. V. Dryagina, S. A. Goroshchenko, N. V. Rozhchenko, K. A. Samochernikh, and A. E. Petrov. "MMP9 as a likely predictor of de novo aneurysm formation in a group of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with AVM-associated aneurysms." Russian Neurosurgical Journal named after Professor A. L. Polenov 15, no. 2 (2023): 88–97. https://doi.org/10.56618/2071-2693_2023_15_2_88.
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SUMMARY. Timely and complete diagnosis of AVM-associated aneurysms is essential to prevent the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. AVM-associated aneurysms are found in 12–46 % of patients with AVMs, which is many times the incidence of cerebral aneurysms in the population. When an AVM is combined with an aneurysm, the risk of haemorrhage is 9.8 % per year, increasing the risk of recurrent intracranial haemorrhage to 53.6 %, whereas when there is no such combination, haemorrhage occurs in only 1.7 % of patients with an AVM per year. Currently, there is no consensus on the management tactics for patients with AVM-associated aneurysms. Л.В. Рожченко с соавт. Том XV, №2, 2023 РОССИЙСКИЙ НЕЙРОХИРУРГИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ имени профессора А.Л. Поленова 89 MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study included 287 patients with cerebral AVMs who received surgical treatment in the Department of Brain Vascular Surgery at the A.L. Polenov Russian Research Institute for Cardiovascular Surgery from 2010 to 2020. We assessed AVM-associated aneurysms shutdown against the background of multistage endovascular treatment as well as the occurrence of AVM-associated aneurysms de novo. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase‑9 (MMP‑9) were determined before and 24 hours after each stage of endovascular embolization using an enzyme immunoassay (Personal Lab, Adaltis, Italy) at each stage of endovascular treatment. Sixty-eight (23.7 %) of 287 patients were found to have preoperatively associated AVM aneurysms (Group 1). Intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 56 (82.3 %) of 68 patients. 219 patients with AVMs without aneurysms (Group 2) showed hemorrhagic course in 116 (52.9 %) cases. CONCLUSIONS. It was found that 29 % of partially embolized AVM-associated aneurysms with high baseline MMP9 levels form de novo aneurysms, and increasing MMP9 levels over time is a predictor of this risk. The pathogenesis of AVMassociated aneurysms in AVMs is unclear. High baseline MMP9 levels increasing with multistage embolisation may be an easily identifiable predictor of the risk of de novo AVM-associated aneurysms in AVMs identified prior to treatment.
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Andrade-Souza, Yuri M., Gelareh Zadeh, Meera Ramani, Daryl Scora, May N. Tsao, and Michael L. Schwartz. "Testing the radiosurgery-based arteriovenous malformation score and the modified Spetzler—Martin grading system to predict radiosurgical outcome." Journal of Neurosurgery 103, no. 4 (2005): 642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2005.103.4.0642.
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Object. The aim of this study was to validate the radiosurgery-based arteriovenous malformation (AVM) score and the modified Spetzler—Martin grading system to predict radiosurgical outcome. Methods. One hundred thirty-six patients with brain AVMs were randomly selected. These patients had undergone a linear accelerator radiosurgical procedure at a single center between 1989 and 2000. Patients were divided into four groups according to an AVM score, which was calculated from the lesion volume, lesion location, and patient age (Group 1, AVM score < 1; Group 2, AVM score 1–1.49; Group 3, AVM score 1.5–2; and Group 4, AVM score > 2). Patients with a Spetzler—Martin Grade III AVM were divided into Grades IIIA (lesion > 3 cm) and IIIB (lesion < 3 cm). Sixty-two female (45.6%) and 74 male (54.4%) patients with a median age of 37.5 years (mean 37.5 years, range 5–77 years) were followed up for a median of 40 months. The median tumor margin dose was 15 Gy (mean 17.23 Gy, range 15–25 Gy). The proportions of excellent outcomes according to the AVM score were as follows: 91.7% for Group 1, 74.1% for Group 2, 60% for Group 3, and 33.3% for Group 4 (chi-square test, degrees of freedom (df) = 3, p < 0.001). Based on the modified Spetzler—Martin system, Grade I lesions had 88.9% excellent results; Grade II, 69.6%; Grade IIIB, 61.5%; and Grades IIIA and IV, 44.8% (chi-square test, df = 3, p = 0.047). Conclusions. The radiosurgery-based AVM score can be used accurately to predict excellent results following a single radiosurgical treatment for AVM. The modified Spetzler—Martin system can also predict radiosurgical results for AVMs, thus making it possible to use this system while deciding between surgery and radiosurgery.
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Shi, Siyu, Raghav Gupta, Justin M. Moore, et al. "De novo AVM formation following venous sinus thrombosis and prior AVM resection in adults: report of 2 cases." Journal of Neurosurgery 128, no. 2 (2018): 506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.9.jns161710.
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Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are traditionally considered congenital lesions, arising from aberrant vascular development during the intrauterine period. Rarely, however, AVMs develop in the postnatal period. Individual case reports of de novo AVM formation in both pediatric and adult patients have challenged the traditional dogma of a congenital origin. Instead, for these cases, a dynamic picture is emerging of AVM growth and development, initially triggered by ischemic and/or traumatic events, coupled with genetic predispositions. A number of pathophysiological descriptions involving aberrant angiogenic responses following trauma, hemorrhage, or inflammation have been proposed, although the exact etiology of these lesions remains to be elucidated. Here, the authors present 2 cases of de novo AVM formation in adult patients. The first case involves the development of an AVM following a venous sinus thrombosis and to the authors' knowledge is the first of its kind to be reported in the literature. They also present a case in which an elderly patient with a previously ruptured AVM developed a second AVM in the contralateral hemisphere 11 years later. In addition to presenting these cases, the authors propose a possible mechanism for de novo AVM development in adult patients following ischemic injury.
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Guglielmi, G. "Electrical Models in the Analysis of Hemodynamic Characteristics of Arteriovenous Malformations." Interventional Neuroradiology 12, no. 1 (2006): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/159101990601200103.
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This paper describes the creation of two electric arteriovenous malformation (AVM) models where electric resistors simulate AVM vessels. The flow of electrons simulates the flow of blood. Using the models, it was possible to analyze the pressure and flow patterns in the nidus of a small, low-flow AVM and in the nidus of a large, high-flow AVM. “Normal” hemodynamic “physiologic” conditions of the two AVMs were studied, including the autoregulation of normal brain surrounding the AVMs. It is the first time that the hemodynamics within the different parts of the nidus (arterious, arteriolar, venular, venous) can be determined. The models will be utilized to assess AVM hemodynamic changes when different parameters (systemic blood pressure, embolization of arterial feeders, embolization of nidus, embolization of draining veins, surgical by-pass of the AVM) are changed. This will be the subject of part 2 of this paper.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AVM-2"
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宮地, 茂., та Shigeru Miyachi. "2.AVMに対する血管内治療の役割". 日本脳神経外科コングレス, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10990.
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Ådahl, Evelina, and Jesper Lakso. "LCC analys av 2+1- och 2+2-vägar : -arbetsmiljö och samhällskostnader." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171902.
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We have been traveling on roads for hundreds of years and the development during those years has led to safer roads. Barriers between the two traffic lanes have been one of the most important measures to prevent cross-median collisions. In 1998, the world's first cable barrier was arranged and ever since, there have been discussions held about the cable barrier’s function and maintenance cost. This report shows, like many before, that the cable barrier is more expensive in maintenance costs from a life cycle perspective than the steel beam is. The 2+1 road's working environment is considered to be a problem for operating contractors, rescue personnel and others who may be working on the road. The road itself is quite narrow and the surrounding traffic passes close by the workers. This could be avoided with an extra traffic lane, like a 2+2 road. The costs to society, caused by traffic delays and fatal and severe injuries, would probably also decrease, while statistics proves less accidents due to driving into the midbarrier on a 2+2 road, than a 2+1 road. Similarly to this, statistics also indicates that the 2+2 road would provide a smoother traffic flow and a higher traffic safety. LCC is an abbreviation for Life-Cycle Cost and is a method for calculating and comparing different investment options. The two main alternatives calculated are the 2+1 road with cable barrier and the 2+2 road with steel beam. A third alternative, 2+1 road with steel beam has also been compared in this report. The results show the 2+2 road’s top layers with steel beam barrier included, is less expensive over years, than the 2+1 road’s top layers with cable barrier or with steel beam barrier. The maintenance costs have been calculated over a period of 30, 40 and 60 years, in order to analyze the cost variations over different periods. The initial cost of the 2+2-road is of little importance in relation to the probable increased road safety, the safer work environment and hopefully the lower society costs. Especially when the 2+2 road is less costly after already 20 years.<br>Vi har färdats på vägar i hundratals år och utvecklingen har lett till jämnare och säkrare vägar. En del i detta arbete har varit mittseparationer för att förhindra mötesolyckor. År 1998 sattes världens första stållineräcke upp och ända sen dess har diskussioner förts om dess funktion och underhållskostnad. Denna rapport visar att vajern på en 2+1-väg är dyrare i underhållskostnader ur ett livscykelperspektiv, än vad stålbalken är på en 2+2-väg. 2+1-vägens arbetsmiljö anses vara ett problem för driftentreprenörer, räddningspersonal och andra som kan komma att arbeta på eller vid vägen. Detta beror på att vägen är smal och att omgivande trafik passerar väldigt nära de arbetande. Detta skulle undvikas med en extra körfil, som vid en 2+2-väg. Där skulle troligtvis även samhällskostnaderna minska, då statistik visar att räckespåkörningar är färre vid en 2+2-väg i relation till en 2+1-väg. Likaså finns statistik som tyder på att 2+2-vägen skulle ge ett jämnare trafikflöde och därmed högre trafiksäkerhet. LCC är en förkortning för Life-Cycle Cost och är en metod för att beräkna och jämföra olika investeringsalternativ. De två huvudalternativ som beräknats är 2+1-vägen med stållineräcke och 2+2-vägen med stålbalk. Även ett tredje alternativ, 2+1-väg med stålbalk har jämförts i denna rapport. Resultaten visar att 2+2-vägens överbyggnad med stålbalk och mittremsa, är dyrare att bygga, men mindre kostsam i underhåll över kalkylperioderna 30, 40 och 60 år, gentemot 2+1-vägens överbyggnad med vajer, respektive stålbalk. De initiala kostnaderna väger lätt i relation till trolig förhöjd trafiksäkerhet, tryggare arbetsmiljö och förhoppningsvis lägre samhällskostnader, med tanke på att 2+2-vägen är mindre kostsam efter redan 20 år.
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Alvarenga, Gustavo Siqueira. "Estudo do impacto do pedágio no aumento do tempo de viagem, no consumo de combustível e na emissão de poluentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18149/tde-17012011-161609/.
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A praça de pedágio é uma intervenção instalada na rodovia que obriga à uma redução da velocidade de curso dos veículos. Essa alteração no perfil de velocidade aumenta o tempo de viagem, gera um consumo de combustível extra e a produção excedente de poluentes provenientes da queima desse combustível. Este trabalho analisou automóveis e caminhões cruzando a praça de pedágio Jacareí, localizada na Rodovia Presidente Dutra km 165. Mediu-se quanto tempo um veículo leva para efetuar o pagamento da tarifa e para percorrer a praça de pedágio. Foram feitas simulações do consumo de combustível dos caminhões cruzando a praça de pedágio. Foi utilizado um modelo matemático construído na plataforma Matlab Simulink. Baseou-se em testes em pista utilizando um GPS para aquisição dos dados de velocidade e espaço. Avaliou-se o consumo de combustível em função da carga transportada para três distintos perfis de velocidade de caminhões. Observou-se que o custo de uma transação no pedágio vai além do valor da tarifa. O custo com combustível da transação pode variar de R$0,52 a R$1,52, a depender da carga transportada pelo caminhão e do tamanho da fila de espera na cabine. A cobrança da tarifa quando efetuada com o veículo em movimento ameniza os impactos inerentes. A utilização do AVI como meio de pagamento da tarifa reduz em média 60% do tempo necessário para cruzar a praça, e até 89% do custo com combustível da transação. Foi feita uma previsão anual do gasto de combustível e emissão de poluentes em função da operação da praça de pedágio em estudo. Avaliou-se em cerca de 4,1 mil toneladas o montante de \'CO IND.2\' emitido em função da operação da praça. Conclui-se que a maneira mais eficiente do ponto de vista econômico e ambiental de realizar a cobrança da tarifa é através do conceito \"Open Road Tolling\".<br>The toll plaza is an intervention installed in the road that requires a lower speed of travel by the vehicles. This change in velocity profile increases the travel time, generates an extra fuel consumption and surplus the production of pollutants coming from the combustion of fuel. This research evaluates autos and trucks crossing the toll plaza of Jacarei at the President Dutra Highway km 165. lt was measured how much time a vehicle takes to cross the plaza\'s area of influence and also the necessary delay to complete a transaction at a toll booth. A computer simulation model, developed on Matlab Simulink platform, was used to estimate the consumption of fuel by the trucks. Field data from velocity and position was collected on a test track using a GPS. It was evaluated the fuel consumption according with the load transported and the speed profile from trucks. It was observed that the cost of a transaction on the toll both goes beyond the price. The fuel cost of the transaction can vary from $0.29 to R $0.84, depending on the load carried by the truck and the size of the queue in the cabin. The use of electronic toll collection, which enables the payment required in motion, softens the impacts involved. The use of AVI decreases 60% of the time required to cross the toll plaza, and up to 89% of fuel cost of the transaction. An annual forecast of expenditure with fuel and emission of pollutants was made for the region under study. It was evaluated the contribution of the toll plaza in approximately 4100 tones of \'CO IND.2\'. It was concluded that the most efficient economically and environmentally way to pay the tax at a toll plaza is using the concept of Open Road Tolling.
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Brejcha, Kevin. "Prestandaanalys av HTTP/2." Thesis, KTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168972.
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Swedbank är en av Sveriges största företag inom finanssektorn med drygt fyra miljoner privatkunder och försöker ständigt utveckla sina tjänster så att de är lättåtkomliga och lättanvända för kunderna. För att tillfredsställa sina kunders behov av en snabb och lättåtkomlig bank så vill Swedbank minska på laddningstiderna till sina finanstjänster, särskilt de mobila tjänsterna då det är där uppkopplingarna är som långsammast. Uppdraget var att göra en prestandaanalys av HTTP/2 som är den senaste versionen av HTTP-protokollet. Efter att ha genomfört arbetet ska Swedbank veta vad dem kan anpassa för att göra sina tjänster så optimala som möjligt för framtiden.Resultatet visade att med hjälp av HTTP/2’s nya funktioner, bland annat det binära ramlagret, uppnåddes en prestandaökning på 44% av totala laddningstiden på Swedbank’s hemsida. Testerna genomfördes i en lokal labbmiljö där de olika HTTP versionerna installerades och mätvärden dokumenterades. Detta ansågs som ett bra resultat utan att ha genomfört någon fördjupande konfiguration.<br>Swedbank is one of Sweden’s biggest banks with estimated four million private customers and they are constantly trying to improve their services so they become more user-friendly and faster. To satisfy their customer’s need of fast and easy services Swedbank wants to lower the loading times on the web services to the user experience is faster and smoother, especially for the users doing their banking on a smartphone. The mission is to do a per-formance analysis of the new HTTP protocol HTTP/2 and take out the most essential parts so Swedbank knows what to take advantage of when installing the new versions on their servers to achieve optimal services.The results showed that after implementing HTTP/2’s new features, Swedbank’s website performance increased with 44% in total loading time. The tests were performed in a local experimental environment where the earlier HTTP versions was installed and the perfor-mance metrics was documented.
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Apell, Oscar. "Energikartläggning av Fridhemsskolan 16:2." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17075.
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Increased energy consumption in the world has created an increased supply of various fuels, especially fossil fuels. The Swedish government has set up various energy targets for 2020. To reach these goals it’s important to increase the energy efficiency in local buildings such as schools. This work illustrates the breakdown between energy supply and energy losses over the school. It also shows various suggestions to reduce the energy usage. The results shows that energy losses from transmission is definitely the greatest. Significant savings can be made by replacing windows, add insulation and install motion sensor lightning. If the proposed savings would be made, the energy consumption of the school could decrease by approximately 165MWh/year. This represent an annual saving of about 123600 SEK.<br>Ökad energianvändning i världen har skapat en ökad tillförsel från olika bränslen, speciellt fossila bränslen. Sveriges regering har satt upp energimål till år 2020. För att klara dessa mål är det viktigt att energieffektivisera lokalbyggnader exempelvis skolor. Fridhemsskolan är en grundskola belägen i centrala Gävle. Skolan omfattar fyra byggnader och den totala arean är 2828m2. Fridhemsskolan består av 13 ventilationsaggregat och värms med fjärrvärme från Gävle Energi. Fridhemsskolan förvaltas och ägs av Gavlefastigheter. Detta arbete åskådliggör hur fördelningen ser ut mellan Fridhemsskolans energitillskott och energiförluster samt visar på olika åtgärdsförslag för att minska energianvändningen. Resultatet visar att förluster från transmission är absolut störst. Betydande besparingar kan göras genom att byta fönster, tilläggsisolera och installera närvarostyrd belysning. Genomförs de föreslagna besparingsåtgärderna kan Fridhemsskolans energianvändning minska med cirka 165MWh/år, detta motsvarar cirka 123600 kr.
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Henriksson, Eva, and Anna Sand. "Aktierelaterade Ersättningar IFRS 2 : Vilka faktorer påverkar efterlevnaden av IFRS 2?" Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2533.
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BJURESTRAND, CHRISTOPHER, and SAHAR MEKHANNIKBABAI. "Vuxna patienters upplevelse av livsstilsförändringar vid typ-2 diabetes typ-2 diabetes." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19666.
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Typ-2 diabetes är ett växande hälsoproblem i Sverige och även globalt. Faktorer som bidrar till denna ökning är ett stillasittande arbete och en inaktiv livsstil med ett förhöjt energiintag som resulterar i fetma. Andra faktorer som påverkar denna ökning är ärftlighet, ökat alkoholintag och mer stress. Sjuksköterskor kommer allt mer att möta denna patientgrupp, därför är det viktigt att ha mer kunskap om hur dessa patienter upplever den livsstilsförändring som de får genomgå för att uppnå hälsa. Målet med denna kandidatuppsats är att kunna bidra till en ökad kunskap inom området samt att öka sjuksköterskans förståelse om patienternas livsvärld. För att fånga denna förståelse och för att lättare kunna bidra till att minska dessa patienters lidande, har vi valt att göra en kvalitativ studie. Vi fann fyra huvudkategorier: hinder för att kunna uppnå livsstilsförändringar, emotionella upplevelser, kämpande och motivation och stöd. De åtta underkategorierna är: patienters brist på kunskap, rädsla, accepterande, icke accepterande, kost, aktivitet, egenvård samt kontroll och engagemang. Det visade sig att många typ-2 diabetiker upplever denna livsstilsförändring som något svårt och därför krävs det tid, motivation och engagemang ifrån både patientens och Hälso- och sjukvårdens sida. Det är även viktigt för Hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalen att tänka på hur patientens genus kan vara en påverkande faktor om hur dessa patienter upplever sin livsstilsförändring.<br>Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning
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Høksnes, Nina Skau. "Realisering av Opplæringslovens § 2‐6 : En kvalitativ studie av fire læreres erfaring med realisering av § 2‐6 på mellomtrinnet." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Pedagogisk institutt, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-22640.
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Formål og problemstilling: Formålet med studien er å få innblikk i den erfaring lærere, som underviser en klasse med hørselshemmede og hørende elever, har med tanke på tilrettelegging av et fag når tegnspråk og norsk skal ivaretas. Opplæringslovens § 2-6 sier noe om tegnspråkopplæring i grunnskolen, den gir rett til opplæring i og på tegnspråk for elever som har behov for det. Problemstillingen ble som følger: Hvilken erfaring har lærere med realisering av § 2-6 i klasser med hørende og hørselshemmede elever slik at faglig deltakelse er en mulighet for de elevene? Teoretisk ramme: Studiens teoretiske ramme har vært knyttet til Cummins teori om utvikling av tospråklighet og Säljös beskrivelse av sosiokulturelt læringssyn. Styringsdokumenter og tidligere forskning blir også vektlagt. Metode: I studien ble en kvalitativ tilnærming benyttet. Datainnsamlingen besto av observasjon og semistrukturert intervju. Det ble analysert etter en temabasert tilnærming (Dalen, 2011). Empirien ble så lagt frem og drøftet etter fire kategorier; læringsmiljø, organisering av ressurser, tegnspråkkompetanse og pedagogisk tilrettelegging. Resultater: Mønsteret i studien viste godt tilrettelagte læringsmiljøer bortsett fra det krav § 2-6 har til tegnspråk og utvikling av bimodal tospråklighet. Avviket var en skole der informanten hadde god hørselsfaglig bakgrunn i tillegg til tegnspråkkompetanse. Studien viste elever som hadde nytte av tekniske hjelpemidler i forhold til hørselsutnyttelse og behersket norsk tale og skrift. Informantene opplevde at elevenes norskkunnskaper, tilgjengelige ressurser og visualisering av undervisning, bidro til faglig måloppnåelse og deltakelse i klassens faglige diskusjoner. Hovedpoeng i konklusjonen: Undervisning på tegnspråk kan bety undervisning uten reel samhandling med medelever, noe som ikke er formålstjenlig. § 2-6 elever som har nytte av tekniske hjelpemidler til lytte- og taleproduksjon kan profitere på å veksle mellom modalitetene norsk og tegnspråk. Tegnspråkkompetente lærere vil kunne gi medelever opplæring i tegn/tegnspråk, gi felles undervisning på NMT og støtte med tegnspråk ved behov. En slik kommunikasjonsform vil bidra til en inkluderende undervisning og bedre læringsforutsetninger for elevene. Men en slik undervisning vil kreve endring av § 2-6, skal realisering av § 2-6 være oppnåelig. Nøkkelord: Opplæringslovens § 2-6, bimodal tospråklighet, hørselsnedsettelse
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Perna, Anne Gunilla. "Flickhistorier 2 : Delar av en roman." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för film och litteratur (IFL), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74897.
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Yngvesson, Jenny. "Cannibalism in laying hens : characteristics of individual hens and effects of perches during rearing /." Skara : Dept. of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences ([Institutionen för husdjurens miljö och hälsa], Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2002. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2002/91-576-6360-2.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "AVM-2"
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Dailey, Daniel J. AVL-equipped vehicles as speed probes: (Phase 2). Washington Dept. of Transportation, 2003.
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Biguet, Marie-Noelle. Eveil musical et sensoriel ave les 2-3 ans. Nathan pedagogie, 1996.
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Medical Advertising Hall of Fame, ed. Medicine Ave 2: The story of medical advertising, 1990-2008. Medical Advertising Hall of Fame, 2010.
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Palache, Ḥayyim. Sefer Zekhirah le-Ḥayim: 2 ḥ. ; Avi ha-naḥal ; Par eḥad. Aḥim Goldenberg, 1991.
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Margit, Snellman, Valkiainen Matti, and Valtion teknillinen tutkimuskeskus, eds. Long-term properties of bituminized waste products: Summary report of the Nordic AVF-2 project. Nordic Liaison Committee for Atomic Energy, 1985.
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Issue Forum on Rape (1994 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines). Issue Forum on Rape, March 2, 1994, Conference Room C, Philippine Social Science Bldg., Commonwealth Ave., Diliman, Q.C. The Service, 1994.
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Zalman, Fridman Shelomoh. Avi ha-ben ṿe-sandaḳ: Mi ʻoleh li-shelishi be-2. ṿe-5. be-yom ha-milah : teshuvah le-halakhah. Shelomoh Zalman Fridman, 2000.
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Kuyper, H. De invloed van het gedrag van docenten op de prestaties in, keuze van en attituden ten opzichte van wiskunde door meisjes in het AVO/VWO: Verslag van fasen 1 en 2. RION, Instituut voor Onderwijsonderzoek, 1989.
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Musée du Château de Flers, Musée Malraux, Le Havre. Autour de La vieille italienne de Géricault, quatre peintres pour un modèle: Cogniet, Géricault, Navez, Schnetz : exposition, Musée du Louvre, 17 janv.-25mars 2002; Musée du château de Flers, 2 avr.-29 mai 2002. Cahiers du temps, 2002.
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Shalom, Carmy, Casper Bernard Moses 1916-, K. Đeren Avih Đai, World Zionist Organization. Dept. for Torah Education and Culture in the Diaspora., and World Congress of Jewish Thought on the 50th Anniversary of the Death of Rav Abraham Isaac Kook (1985 : Jerusalem), eds. The world of Rav Kook's thought: Presentations from an AVI-CHAI-sponsored conference held in Jerusalem, August 19-22, 1985 (Elul 2-5, 5745) on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Rav Kook's death. AVI CHAI, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "AVM-2"
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Luzzi, Sabino, Mattia Del Maestro, and Renato Galzio. "The Preoperative Functional Downgrading of Brain AVMs." In Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63453-7_16.
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AbstractThe actual role of preoperative embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is undervalued.The present study aims to describe the effectiveness, safety, technics, and results of the endovascular-based functional downgrading of brain AVMs.Data regarding 31 Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade III AVMs that consecutively underwent a combined endovascular-surgical treatment were reviewed. Clinical and radiological outcomes were evaluated according to modified Ranking Scale score (mRS) and postoperative angiography, respectively.Low-density Onyx was used in all cases, and the timeframe between the embolizations was 10–15 days. Procedures were 1.6 (±0.6) on average. Superselective nidal catheterization was essential to reach the deepest parts of the AVMs, which were the targets. Onyx made the nidus compact and easier to dissect. The Average obliteration rate was 29.6%, with negligible morbidity. Surgery was performed after 3.7 days on average and the AVM exclusion was complete in 83.4% of cases. An mRS score between 0 and 2 was reported in 77.5% of patients, while the best outcome was achieved in small and medium-deep malformations.An effective and safe functional downgrading of brain AVMs must be based upon specific technical key aspects, which make surgery easier and, ultimately, allow for the achievement of the best outcome.
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Gupta, Vipul. "Cerebral AVM Embolization: Postoperative Bleed Due to Draining Vein Occlusion—2." In 100 Interesting Case Studies in Neurointervention: Tips and Tricks. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1346-2_76.
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Shinya, Yuki, Hirotaka Hasegawa, Motoyuki Umekawa, et al. "The Forefront of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: Our History of Treatment Optimisation Over 30 Years and the Modern Outcomes." In Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-89844-0_6.
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Abstract Background: Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can cause cerebral haemorrhage, associated morbidity, and mortality if left untreated. Therefore, prophylactic interventions are essential to manage these lesions. The purpose of this study was to describe our experience of incorporating new technologies into gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for AVMs, aiming to improve its effectiveness and safety. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study that included 1032 patients with AVMs who underwent GKRS at our institution from 1990 to 2022. We reviewed the detailed treatment techniques and updates on GKRS, including tractography-guided identification of critical white matter fibres for eloquent AVMs, GKRS with minimal targeting embolisation for high-haemorrhage risk AVMs, and rotational angiography based GKRS for all AVMs. We evaluated the GKRS outcomes for AVM obliteration, post-GKRS haemorrhage, survival, post-GKRS signal changes, and neurological preservation. Results: We collected data from 90 patients by using the most advanced techniques. The cumulative obliteration rates were 61.0% at 3 years and 81.6% at 4 years, and the cumulative post-GKRS haemorrhage rates were 2.2% at 2 years and 3.6% at 5 years. Post-GKRS haemorrhage resulted in mortality in one patient (1.1%). Post-GKRS signal change was observed in 31 patients (34%), but only one (1.0%) developed a neurological deficit. Therefore, the cumulative neurological preservation rate was 97.8% at 5 years. Conclusions: GKRS is a safe and effective treatment for AVMs. The continuous development and use of advanced techniques can lead to favourable outcomes for AVMs. However, further studies with larger samples and longer follow-ups, as well as an analysis of late adverse events, are necessary to better understand the efficacy and safety of GKRS for AVMs.
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Kusswurm, Daniel. "AVX C++ Programming: Part 2." In Modern Parallel Programming with C++ and Assembly Language. Apress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-7918-2_3.
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Kusswurm, Daniel. "AVX Assembly Language Programming: Part 2." In Modern Parallel Programming with C++ and Assembly Language. Apress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-7918-2_14.
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Kusswurm, Daniel. "AVX-512 C++ Programming: Part 2." In Modern Parallel Programming with C++ and Assembly Language. Apress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-7918-2_8.
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Fischer, Walter. "Videocodierung (MPEG-2, MPEG-4/AVC, HEVC)." In Digitale Fernseh- und Hörfunktechnik in Theorie und Praxis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53896-4_7.
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Kusswurm, Daniel. "AVX-512 Assembly Language Programming: Part 2." In Modern Parallel Programming with C++ and Assembly Language. Apress, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-7918-2_18.
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Michailidis, Michail G., Kimon P. Valavanis, and Matthew J. Rutherford. "$$UC^{2}AV$$ Case Study." In Springer Tracts in Autonomous Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40716-2_5.
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G. Allen, Mark, Paolo Padovani, Piero Rosati, and Nicholas A. Walton. "AVO FIRST SCIENCE Discovery of type 2 quasars." In The Many Scales in the Universe. Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4526-3_21.
Full textConference papers on the topic "AVM-2"
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Chang, Chongseok, James Lindsey, M. Hasbun, H. Saberi, C. He, and Robert Fortenbaugh. "Modeling and Simulation in Support of Handling Quality Evaluation of AVX Joint-Multi-Role (JMR) Coaxial Compound Helicopter (CCH)." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12785.
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This paper describes the modeling and simulation developments made in support of the AVX Joint-Multi-Role (JMR) Coaxial Compound Helicopter (CCH) handling qualities evaluation. The real-time full flight simulation model for the AVX-JMR CCH was developed in FLIGHTLAB and incorporates AVX's fly-by-wire (FBW) control laws. Extensive piloted simulation tests were conducted that cover various mission task elements (MTEs), including those described in the ADS-33E-PRF (Ref. [1]). The MTE test courses were set-up with proper visual cues in accordance with ADS-33E specification. For each MTE test, the test pilots evaluated the performance with ADS-33E handling qualities ratings (HQR) for achievable levels of aggressiveness and control precision. At the same time, the piloted simulation test data were recorded for post-test analysis to demonstrate the evaluation accuracy through comparison with ADS-33E performance standards. In addition to the piloted simulator tests, quantitative analyses were also conducted to assess the AVX-JMR CCH against ADS-33E hover/low speed and forward flight requirements using the ADS-33E handling qualities analysis toolkit in FLIGHTLAB. The quantitative analyses evaluated small and moderate amplitude attitude changes and inter-axis coupling characteristics of the AVX-JMR CCH against the Level 1, 2, and 3 criteria of ADS-33E-PRF. Both the qualitative and quantitative results are presented in this paper to summarize the handling qualities evaluation of the full flight AVX-JMR CCH simulation model.
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Divani, A. A., B. B. Lieber, A. K. Wakhloo, and L. N. Hopkins. "Characterization of Enbucrilate Kinetics in a Model of Arteriovenous Malformation in Swine." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2548.
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Abstract Endovascular embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) has become an acceptable treatment. One commonly used embolic agent is n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA). The key to curative embolization of an AVM is complete glue casting of the arteriovenous transition (nidus) that requires precise knowledge of NBCA polymerization dynamics and its interaction with the arterial wall. We have created a model of a human AVM [1] in the rete of swine to investigate NBCA behavior. Embolizations were performed in both in acutely prepared endovascular AVM models as well as in surgically prepared AVM models where the vasculature was allowed to adjust to altered hemodynamic conditions. 30 AVM models were created and five embolic agent compositions were used to embolize the retia, yielding six samples for each glue composition. The retia were harvested and high-resolution radiographic images were obtained. The images were analyzed for penetration depth of the various mixtures vis-a-vis the prevailing hemodynamic condition just prior to embolization. Image processing tools and mathematical modeling were applied to predict the behavior of NBCA polymerization.
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Gounis, Matthew J., Baruch B. Lieber, and L. N. Hopkins. "Endovascular Embolization With Cyanoacrylate Mixtures: An In Vivo Study of Polymerization Kinetics." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23011.
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Abstract A cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a congenital vascular lesion of the brain composed of a complex tangle of arteries and veins, which are linked by one or more fistulae [1]. Arterial blood is shunted through the AVM directly to the venous system, precluding arterial blood from perfusing adjacent brain structures. The most common presentation of this disease is cerebral hemorrhage secondary to AVM rupture, with an associated mortality of 15% and a morbidity of 50% [1]. One modality to treat this pathology is endovascular embolization. Generally, endovascular embolization serves as an adjunct treatment to either surgery or radiosurgery, but is a curative treatment in approximately 15% of AVM cases [2]. The most common embolic agent used to occlude AVMs is a mixture of n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) and Lipiodol®. NBCA is a rapidly polymerizing liquid adhesive that polymerizes with contact to blood. Lipiodol® is an ethiodized oil, which imparts radiopacity to the embolic mixture. Moreover, Lipiodol® has been reported to delay the polymerization of NBCA [3]. To further increase the polymerization time of NBCA, minute quantities of glacial acetic acid (GAA) may be added to the embolic mixture.
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Gounis, Matthew J., Baruch B. Lieber, and L. Nelson Hopkins. "Polymerization of Enbucrilate/Lipiodol Mixtures In Vivo." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2568.
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Abstract Embolization is an endovascular procedure used to treat cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). AVMs are pathological shunts between arteries and veins, which bypass normal brain structures. An embolic agent commonly used to occlude AVMs is n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA). Although NBCA has shown to be efficacious for this application, precise knowledge of its polymerization process in vivo is needed. Inadvertent occlusion of arterial feeders proximal to the AVM nidus will occur when polymerization of NBCA is too rapid. This may lead to revascularization of the AVM. Conversely, long polymerization times may result in the occlusion of draining veins, with subsequent brain hemorrhage and pulmonary emboli. It is therefore critical to understand the kinetics of the polymerization process to obtain a complete glue cast of the arteriovenous transition (nidus) thus, yielding safe obliteration of the AVM. In order to elucidate the polymerization kinetics of NBCA, we examined the embolization process in the femoral and subclavian arteries of the rabbit. Various embolic agents composed of NBCA/lipiodol mixtures with and without the addition of glacial acetic acid (GAA) were injected. Blood flow through the femoral and subclavian arteries was measured prior to and during embolization. All studies were recorded with high-speed digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Preliminary analysis of the data suggests that flow decay during embolization exhibits a behavior that can be modeled via a lagged-normal density curve. Optimized model parameters vis a vis the experimental data are related to the polymerization kinetics. These parameters can be used to form a quantitative basis of comparison for the various liquid embolic mixtures.
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Teh, See Yee, Ahmad Rizal A Rahman, Raja Sharifuddin Ahmad Raja Badrol, and Mohd Hafis Muhammad Daud. "Compressor Upgrade on Existing Platform: A Study on Vibration from Structural Perspective." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207890-ms.
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Abstract Due to an increase in gas lift demand on an existing field in Sarawak, an existing Gas Lift Compressor (GLC) on the processing platform requires to be upgraded to meet incremental oil production requirement. These sets of compressors consist of 2x100% reciprocating compressors that were designed for 1.5 MMscfd each, with discharge pressure of 55.1 barg (800psig). The gas from these compressors is used mainly for gas lift at the processing platform as well as gas lift, instrument gas and utility gas at adjacent wellhead platforms. From the Conceptual Study, the existing compressors are not able to be retrofit for upgrade and is to be replaced with 2 × 100 % new gas engine driven compressor that capable of delivery 3.0 MMscfd of compressed gas each. During the engineering stage of GLC package, Skid Dynamic Analysis has been carried out to evaluate the GLC skid structural design due to the operating dynamic load cases. The study recommended that the skid to be welded to the platform where the compressor is located to prevent the risk of high vibration. With the recommendation from Contractor's study, project team proceeded to carry out Structural Dynamic Analysis to assess the dynamic effect of the GLC skids to the platform deck. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results revealed that there are several modal modes mainly at the drilling deck and extension deck non-compliance to PTS guideline. Structural Dynamic Modification (SDM) and optimization was performed to dynamically stiffens the structures to shift the modal modes away from the operating range to fulfil PTS criteria. However, the SDM results was still unable to comply thus the need of Anti-Vibration Mounts (AVMs) is considered. Prior to application of AVMs, Structural Forced Response Analysis needs to be carried out to evaluate the risk of the system and confirm the requirement of the AVMs. Without the forced response analysis, the effect of AVMs, locations and numbers of AVMs cannot be addressed during the design study. This paper will discuss the issues concerning vibration from reciprocating compressors upgrade on an existing platform, changes in the existing operating and design philosophy, challenges in addressing compressor installation and utilization of AVM from the perspective of Project Team. The paper will also provide key lessons learn and recommendation for future considerations in Compressor upgrades on existing facilities from a Structural Engineering point of view. The project is currently at its detail design finalization and installation is expected to be completed by November 2021.
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Bansal, Akanksha, Gunjan Verma, and Manoj Kumar. "An Optimal Approach to Detect the Human Heads using H-MTF in Crowded Scenes." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.8.
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Due to the increase in the number of people at crowded places leads to some disaster events, there is a necessity to detect the human heads and estimate the crowd density. The counting of the human heads is quite an immense topic in computer vision and digital image processing. This paper focuses on sample frames that are to be extracted from the crowd video UCF_HDDC and S_HOCK datasets. Our proposed Hybridization-Multiple Target Features (H-MTF) method, detects head objects using three prominent features: texture, color, and shape (T, C, and S). With the help of H-MTF, the optimal value can be estimated to detect the exact spot of the head in a crowded place. By applying two evaluation metrics: (i) Average Precision metric (AvP) and (ii) Average Recall metric (AvR), H-MTF has been compared with the existing methods using 2 different datasets. The results are shown in terms of AvP and AvR and our H-MTF method outcomes best from the existing methods.
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Schmidt, David E., W. David Merryman, and Michael S. Sacks. "Extracellular Matrix-Contractile Response Coupling of the Aortic Heart Valve Interstitial Cell." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193171.
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The role of aortic valve interstitial cell (AVIC) and extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions of the aortic valve (AV) are not well understood. Distinct differences in the composition and structure of the AV leaflet layers (fibrosa and ventricularis) have been shown to influence mechanical properties 1. Our ability to measure the effects of changes in cellular stiffness in the dense collagenous AV leaflets (AVL) 2 offers a unique opportunity to explore the in-situ AVIC stiffness and local AVIC-ECM mechanical interactions. In the present study, a multi-scale finite element model approach was developed based on our simulations of our flexural stiffness experiment 2 were used to develop effective layer dependent mechanical properties. In addition, we present a predictive model for the alteration of AVL tissue mechanical properties resulting from AVIC contraction. This model provides a means to probe the layer dependent properties under the influence of AVIC contraction relative to an intact tissue state. By establishing a procedure to examine ECM stiffness in situ, through coupled experimental and computational methods, insights into relative contributions of ECM components were developed. Finally, in contrast previous study, where tissue stiffness was reported in terms on an instantaneous elastic modules, this work provides a more complete mechanical response of AVL in flexure.
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Dora, Serkan. "DİJİTAL PLATFORMLARIN KONFOR ALANINA KARŞI YENİ SİNEMA SALONLARI: CİNEMAXİMUM ÖRNEĞİ." In 2. Uluslararası Sinema Sempozyumu. Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi İletişim Araştırmaları Merkezi, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32955/neuilamer2022-03-0214/ch13.
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Bu çalışmada CGV Mars Entertainment Group’un bünyesinde bulunan Cinemaximum sinema salonları incelenmektedir. Sadece AVM içerisinde yer alan ve Maximum kartın kampanyalarıyla desteklediği Cinemaximum sinema salonlarının seçilme nedeni ise kendini yenileyen akışkan yapısıdır. Araştırma marsmedia ve cinemaximum internet sitesi üzerinden veri sağlayarak ve İstanbul’daki seçili sinema salonlarında katılımcı gözlem yaparak gerçekleştirilmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı dijital platformların konfor alanı karşısında -cinemaximum özelinde- geleneksel sinema salonlarının seyirci çekebilmek amacıyla yeni sinema salonlarına dönüşümünü göstermektir. Dönüşüm iki türlü olmaktadır. Birincisi teknolojik dönüşümdür. Bu sadece dijital platformların etkisiyle olmamaktadır. Dönüşüm sinema salonlarının kendi içindeki rekabet ve sinema seyircisinin teknoloji beklentisi sebebiyle de gerçekleşmektedir. İkinci dönüşüm ise mekânın konfor alanını artırmaktır. Bir taraftan konfor alanı artırılırken diğer taraftan da patlamış mısır-sinema filmi birlikteliği gibi çeşitli indirim kampanyaları kullanılarak seyirciye kendini özel hissettirecek bir ortam sağlanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada; cinemaximum sinemalarının dijital platformlar karşısında yeni sinema teknolojisine nasıl uyum sağladığı ve seyirciyi sinemaya çekebilmek için geleneksel sinema salonlarının klasik yapısını bozarak ne şekilde yeni sinema salonları oluşturduğu gösterilmektedir.
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Lee, Gi-bbeum, Namwoo Kang, and Ji-Hyun Lee. "Human Driver’s Reasoning on Moral Dilemma of Autonomous Vehicles: Values and Themes." In Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2022) Integrating People and Intelligent Systems. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001053.
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The computing capacity of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) has allowed the public to rediscover the classic trolley dilemma in a modern context. This paper aims to present an in-depth explanation of driver’s moral reasoning for AV moral dilemma situations. Moral dilemma vignettes for AVs were designed based on real crash data and in-depth interviews with drivers. With the vignettes, a thought experiment with 33 participants was conducted; think aloud method and open-ended interviews were used to examine participants’ reasoning processes. This paper qualitatively interpreted the data by thematic analysis. The results suggest that 1) human drivers’ moral reasoning relies on diverse moral values and 2) reasoning can be explained based on safety, justice, and crash context. The results can be used as an analysis and communication tool for AV engineers and machine ethicists to determine how well current AV algorithms convey actual human moral reasoning.
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Muhtar, L. K. "De-Risking Exploration Well in A Mature Basin, Jabung Block, South Sumatra Basin: Application of Avo Analysis in A Sub-Unconformity Play." In Indonesian Petroleum Association - 46th Annual Convention & Exhibition 2022. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa22-g-308.
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The Late Oligocene to Late Miocene reservoir as well as basement in Jabung block has been proven filled by hydrocarbon. One of the unexplored intervals in this block is the sub-unconformity (Pre-TAF) play as angular unconformity, which is older than the Lower Talang Akar Formation (LTAF). However, this play has many risks, for instance in the geometry and quality of the reservoir. To de-risk the play, this study proposes to characterize the reservoir by Amplitude Variation with Offset/Angle (AVO/AVA) method for a better understanding of reservoir conditions. Rock physics analysis and AVO forward modeling provide information about reservoir quality. Moreover, the AVO attribute gives reservoir geometry. This study finds that Pre-TAF play reservoir is categorized AVO class 2 with negative value in both intercept and gradient, which indicates good reservoir quality similar to LTAF oil and/or gas reservoir. Several channels are well identified by the P*G AVO attribute that is distributed from basement high in Southwest to basin depocenter in Northeast NEB field. As the result of this study to prove the potential of Pre-TAF play, we are proposing EXPL-Plan-1 well as a play opener to unlock hydrocarbon in this interval.
Reports on the topic "AVM-2"
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Grimsmo, Svenn-Erik Mamelund Asbjørn, and Øystein Spjelkavik. Evaluering av forsøket Kjerneoppgaver i NAV. Delrapport 2. Arbeidsforskningsinstituttet, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/afi/fou/2015/2.
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Mammoliti, V., C. Pignataro, P. Arberg, J. Gibbons, and P. Howard. Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) Access Line Information Attribute Value Pair (AVP) Extensions. RFC Editor, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc5515.
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Yibchok-anun, Sirintorn, and Wara Panichkriangkrai. The role of arginine vasopressin in diabetes-associated glucagons secretion. Chulalongkorn University, 2002. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2002.63.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) on glucagons secretion in both normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan HCI(200 mg/kg). Both glucagon and AVP were determined in the effluent of the perfused pancreas using radioimmunoassay. Diabetic rats had higher baseline glucagons concentrations than normal rats. AVP (1 pmol/L) failed to change glucagons secretion in normal rats, but significantly increased glucagons secretion in diabetic rats. AVP (10-100 pmol/L) increased glucagons secretion from both normal and diabetic rats in a concentration dependent manner. However, diabetic rats were more sensitive to AVP administration than normal rats with regard to glucagon secretion. By comparison of the areas under the curves, the glucagons secretion induced by AVP in diabetic rats was ~2-fold that of the normal rats. In addition, we determined whether AVP was secreted from the pancreas. Immunoreactive AVP was detected in the effluent of the perfused pancreas, and diabetic rats had 2-fold higher AVP concentrations in the pancreatic effluent than normal rats. We conclude that AVP is secreted from the pancreas and diabetic rats secrete more AVP from the pancreas than normals. Consequently, AVP may have a greater impact on glucagons secretion in diabetic rats than normals. AVP might play an important role in the hypersecretion of glucagons, a hyperglycemic hormone, in diabetic animals.
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Pettersen, Karen-Sofie, and Øystein Spjelkavik. Evaluering av «Forsøket Arbeidsavklarings penger (AAP) som lønnstilskudd”. Delrapport 2. Arbeidsforskningsinstituttet, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/afi/fou/2015/3.
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Pilemalm, Sofie. Civila insatspersoner: IT-stöd för utlarmning och koordinering av frivilliga : Delrapport 2. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3384/9789181182026.
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Den här rapporten är en delrapport som tillsammans med en sammanfattande huvudrapport och ytterligare två delrapporter sammanställer och fördjupar resultatet av flera års forskning runt civila insatspersoner (CIP) – frivilliga som samarbetar med kommunal räddningstjänst och larmas på exempelvis hjärtstopp, mindre bränder, trafikolyckor och drunkning. Rapporten ska ses som lite av en handbok i att införa CIP – från rekrytering till upprätthållande – vilka är framgångsfaktorerna och hur undviker man fallgroparna? Dessutom jämförs CIP i landsbygdsmiljö och stadsmiljö. Tillsammans täcker rapporterna aspekter av organisation, utbildning, lagstiftning och IT-stöd för utlarmning och koordinering av CIP. Den här delrapporten fokuserar på IT-stödet för verksamheten, och på kravställning, både av system för utlarmning och koordinering av CIP.
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Morgan, Linnea, ed. Sekretariatet för selektivt fiske : rapportering av 2024 års verksamhet. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54612/a.4tc7i30kf0.
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Under 2024 genomförde sekretariatet för selektivt fiske, vid institutionen för akvatiska resurser på SLU (SLU Aqua), tre projekt tillsammans med svenskt yrkesfiske. Den övergripande målsättningen för alla projekt inom sekretariatet för selektivt fiske är att minska mängden oönskade fångster i svenskt yrkesfiske, samt att utveckla mer skonsamma och rovdjursäkra fiskemetoder. De tre projekt som utfördes under 2024 var: 1. ”Excluder för demersalt blandfiske” (HaV Dnr 2024-002037) – Kapitel 2 2. ”Vidareutveckling av lyft och rist för fisket efter havskräfta” (HaV Dnr 2024-002038) – Kapitel 3 3. ”Selektion och överlevnad av lax i modifierade pushup-fällor” (HaV Dnr 2024-002039) – Kapitel 4 Projekten initierades genom projektförslag som togs fram gemensamt av SLU Aqua och näringen utifrån fiskets uttryckliga behov och idéer. Projektförslagen prioriterades och beslutades av en styrgrupp bestående av representanter från Havs- och vattenmyndigheten och Jordbruksverket, varefter SLU Aqua upphandlade utförare och agerade projektledare för respektive projekt. Projekten avslutades med en vetenskaplig utvärdering (redskapsexperiment) utförd av personal från SLU Aqua.
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Alexander, Serena, Asha Weinstein Agrawal, and Benjamin Y. Clark. Local Climate Action Planning as a Tool to Harness the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mitigation and Equity Potential of Autonomous Vehicles and On-Demand Mobility. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1818.
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This report focuses on how cities can use climate action plans (CAPs) to ensure that on-demand mobility and autonomous vehicles (AVs) help reduce, rather than increase, green-house gas (GHG) emissions and inequitable impacts from the transportation system. We employed a three-pronged research strategy involving: (1) an analysis of the current literature on on-demand mobility and AVs; (2) a systematic content analysis of 23 CAPs and general plans developed by municipalities in California; and (3) a comparison of findings from the literature and content analysis of plans to identify opportunities for GHG emissions reduction and mobility equity. Findings indicate that maximizing the environmental and social benefits of AVs and on-demand mobility requires proactive and progressive planning; yet, most cities are lagging behind in this area. Although municipal CAPs and general plans in California have adopted a few strategies and programs relevant to AVs and on-demand mobility, many untapped opportunities exist to harness the GHG emissions reduction and social benefits potential of AVs and on-demand mobility. Policy and planning discussions should consider the synergies between AVs and on-demand mobility as two emerging mobility trends, as well as the key factors (e.g., vehicle electrification, fuel efficiency, use and ownership, access and distribution, etc.) that determine whether deployment of AVs would help reduce GHG emissions from transportation. Additionally, AVs and on-demand mobility can potentially contribute to a more equitable transportation system by improving independence and quality of life for individuals with disabilities and the elderly, enhancing access to transit, and helping alleviate the geographic gap in public transportation services.
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Alexander, Serena, Asha Weinstein Agrawal, and Benjamin Y. Clark. Local Climate Action Planning as a Tool to Harness the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mitigation and Equity Potential of Autonomous Vehicles and On-Demand Mobility. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1818.
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This report focuses on how cities can use climate action plans (CAPs) to ensure that on-demand mobility and autonomous vehicles (AVs) help reduce, rather than increase, green-house gas (GHG) emissions and inequitable impacts from the transportation system. We employed a three-pronged research strategy involving: (1) an analysis of the current literature on on-demand mobility and AVs; (2) a systematic content analysis of 23 CAPs and general plans developed by municipalities in California; and (3) a comparison of findings from the literature and content analysis of plans to identify opportunities for GHG emissions reduction and mobility equity. Findings indicate that maximizing the environmental and social benefits of AVs and on-demand mobility requires proactive and progressive planning; yet, most cities are lagging behind in this area. Although municipal CAPs and general plans in California have adopted a few strategies and programs relevant to AVs and on-demand mobility, many untapped opportunities exist to harness the GHG emissions reduction and social benefits potential of AVs and on-demand mobility. Policy and planning discussions should consider the synergies between AVs and on-demand mobility as two emerging mobility trends, as well as the key factors (e.g., vehicle electrification, fuel efficiency, use and ownership, access and distribution, etc.) that determine whether deployment of AVs would help reduce GHG emissions from transportation. Additionally, AVs and on-demand mobility can potentially contribute to a more equitable transportation system by improving independence and quality of life for individuals with disabilities and the elderly, enhancing access to transit, and helping alleviate the geographic gap in public transportation services.
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Rempel, K. U., A. E. Williams-Jones, and K. Fuller. An experimental investigation of the solubility and speciation of uranium in hydrothermal ore fluids. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328995.
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Experimental data on the solubility and speciation of uranium in hydrothermal solution is required to improve genetic models for the formation of ore deposits, yet very few data of this type have been published. Of particular interest is the oxidation state of the uranium in solution, as conventional wisdom suggests that U is dissolved in the oxidized U(VI) state and precipitated as reduced U(IV) minerals, yet recent experiments have shown ppm-level solubility for U(IV). This study investigated the mobility of reduced U(IV) and oxidized U(VI) in acidic (pH = 2), fluoride- bearing and alkaline (pH = 10), chloride-bearing solutions at 100-200°C and 1 to 15.8 bars (0.1-1.58 MPa). Preliminary data for the mobility of U(IV) in pH 2 fluids with 0.01 m F- show concentrations of 1.76 to 3.92 ppm U at 200°C, indicating that, contrary to common belief, the reduced U(IV) can be transported in solution. We have also conducted experiments on U(VI) solubility in pH 2 fluoride-bearing, and pH 10 chloride-bearing solutions. Uranium concentrations in the F- -bearing experiments ranged from 624 to 1570 ppm (avg. 825 ppm, n = 6) at 100°C, 670 to 1560 ppm (avg. 931 ppm, n = 4) at 150°C, and 3180 to 7550 ppm (avg. 5240, n = 9) at 200°C. In comparison, U concentrations in the Cl- -bearing runs range from 86.1 to 357 ppm (avg. 185 ppm, n = 15) at 200°C. Clearly, oxidized U(VI) is very readily mobilized in hydrothermal fluids. However, the measured concentrations of U(VI) are independent of those of F- or Cl-, suggesting the formation of U oxide or hydroxide species rather than U chlorides or fluorides. These experimental data will be verified and supplemented in future experiments, which will be used to derive the stoichiometry and thermodynamic constants for the dominant uranium species in hydrothermal solutions. The data from this study will then be integrated into a comprehensive genetic model for uranium ore-forming systems.
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Ovegård, Mikale, ed. Sekretariatet för selektivt fiske : rapportering av 2023 års verksamhet. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.74rvg59ppv.
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Under 2023 genomförde sekretariatet för selektivt fiske, vid institutionen för akvatiska resurser på SLU (SLU Aqua), tre projekt tillsammans med svenskt yrkesfiske. Den övergripande målsättningen för alla projekt inom sekretariatet för selektivt fiske är att minska mängden oönskade fångster i svenskt yrkesfiske, samt att utveckla mer skonsamma och rovdjursäkra fiskemetoder. De tre projekt som utfördes under 2023 var: 1 ”Absolut selektivitet i västerhavstrålar” (HaV Dnr 2072-2023) – Kapitel 2 2. ”Selektivitet i tunnel för fisk i räktrålar” (HaV Dnr 2073-2023) – Kapitel 3 3. ”Utveckling av sälsäker puchup-ryssja som ett alternativ inom det kustnära småskaliga multiartsfisket” (HaV Dnr 965-2022) – Kapitel 4 Projekten initierades genom projektförslag som togs fram gemensamt av SLU Aqua och näringen utifrån fiskets uttryckliga behov och idéer. Projektförslagen prioriterades och beslutades av en styrgrupp bestående av representanter från Havs- och vattenmyndigheten och Jordbruksverket, varefter SLU Aqua upphandlade utförare och agerade projektledare för respektive projekt. Projekten avslutades med en vetenskaplig utvärdering (redskapsexperiment) utförd av personal från SLU Aqua.