Academic literature on the topic 'Avoidable loss'

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Journal articles on the topic "Avoidable loss"

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Morse, Alan R., and William H. Seiple. "Decreasing Avoidable Vision Loss: Identifying Antecedents of Adherence." Clinical Ophthalmology Volume 14 (November 2020): 3735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/opth.s278627.

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Simkiss, Philippa. "Preventing avoidable sight loss: a public health priority." Public Health 129, no. 5 (May 2015): 607–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.03.025.

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Kotecha, Aachal, Sofia Fernandes, Catey Bunce, and Wendy A. Franks. "Avoidable sight loss from glaucoma: is it unavoidable?" British Journal of Ophthalmology 96, no. 6 (April 4, 2012): 816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-301499.

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Shah, Pravin M., Rao R. Ivatury, Sateesh C. Babu, Manohar N. Nallathambi, Roy H. Clauss, and William M. Stahl. "Is limb loss avoidable in civilian vascular injuries?" American Journal of Surgery 154, no. 2 (August 1987): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(87)90179-6.

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Hansen, Ken. "Book Review: The Loss of the Bismarck: An Avoidable Disaster." International Journal of Maritime History 13, no. 1 (June 2001): 369–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871401013001104.

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Manju, P., S. Subramanian, and M. Sivakumar. "Estimation of avoidable yield loss inGerbera jamesoniicaused byMeloidogyne incognitaunder greenhouse conditions." Current Advances in Agricultural Sciences(An International Journal) 8, no. 1 (2016): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2394-4471.2016.00028.9.

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O'hare, A. E., D. Green, and J. Grigor. "Avoidable Late Diagnosis of Significant Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Implications for Practice." British Journal of Audiology 32, no. 1 (February 1998): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03005364000000047.

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Radhika, Malreddy, and Chinthakindi Narendra Reddy. "Estimation of Avoidable Yield Loss Due to Sucking Pest Complex in Blackgram." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 05 (May 20, 2018): 2403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.276.

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Mactaggart, Islay, Hans Limburg, Andrew Bastawrous, Matthew J. Burton, and Hannah Kuper. "Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness: looking back, looking forward." British Journal of Ophthalmology 103, no. 11 (July 2, 2019): 1549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314015.

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The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness, or RAAB, is a relatively simple and low-cost survey methodology to provide data on the prevalence and causes of visual loss. The aim of this article is to reflect on the achievements and challenges of RAAB, and to describe the future developments that are needed to ensure that it remains a relevant and widely used tool. To date, at least 331 RAABs have been undertaken in 79 countries, and these surveys provide an important source of information on visual loss at both the local and global level. A RAAB repository has been developed which includes the site and date of RAABs undertaken, and, where authors have agreed, the core indicators, reports or even raw data from the survey. This dataset has already been used for meta-analyses, and there are further opportunities for its use. Despite these achievements, there are core areas in which RAAB needs to be strengthened so that the full benefits of undertaking the survey can be reaped. Key developments of RAAB are underway, and will include greater use of mobile technologies using a cloud-based platform to enable both digital data collection, real-time survey reviews, reporting and analysis, and a greater emphasis on using the data for planning.
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Kular, Jagdev, and Sarwan Kumar. "Quantification of Avoidable Yield Losses in Oilseed Brassica Caused by Insect Pests." Journal of Plant Protection Research 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-011-0007-y.

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Quantification of Avoidable Yield Losses in OilseedBrassicaCaused by Insect PestsA six year field study was conducted from 2001-2002 to 2006-2007 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India to study the losses in seed yield of differentBrassicaspecies (B. juncea, B. napus, B. carinata, B. rapaandEruca sativa) by the infestation of insect pests. The experiment was conducted in two different sets viz. protected/sprayed and unprotected, in a randomized block design, with three replications. Data on the infestation of insect pests, and seed yield were recorded at weekly intervals and at harvest, respectively. The loss in seed yield, due to mustard aphid and cabbage caterpillar, varied from 6.5 to 26.4 per cent.E. sativasuffered the least loss in seed yield and harboured the minimum population of mustard aphid (2.1 aphids/plant) and cabbage caterpillar (2.4 larvae/plant). On the other hand,B. carinatawas highly susceptible to the cabbage caterpillar (26.2 larvae/plant) and suffered the maximum yield loss (26.4%).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Avoidable loss"

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Valdimarsdơttir, Unnur Anna. "The loss of a husband to cancer : additional and avoidable psychological traumata / Unnur Anna Valdimarsdơttir." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-557-3.

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Testa, Rylan Jay. "Motivation for Weight Loss Maintenance: Approach and Avoidance." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/101058.

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Psychology
Ph.D.
Currently, two-thirds of adults and one-half of children and adolescents in the United States meet criteria for overweight or obese weight status (Wang & Beydoun, 2007). While weight loss often is desired among these individuals, few achieve sustained weight loss maintenance. A model of motivation, affect, and long-term weight loss maintenance is proposed, based on Carver's model of behavior change (2004b) and related research. This investigation evaluated the model's proposed associations between approach and avoidance motivation, depressive and anxious affect, and caloric consumption within the context of a dietary lapse condition in the laboratory. Findings did not support the hypotheses that avoidance motivation would be negatively related to calorie consumption or that approach motivation would be positively associated with calorie consumption. Conversely, higher avoidance motivation was found to predict higher caloric consumption. Finally, this relationship was not mediated by depressive or anxious affect. Instead, consumption of high calorie foods alone was shown to fully mediate this relationship. Recommendations for future research are presented in the context of these findings.
Temple University--Theses
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Maslyannikov, Lev. "Skadebegränsningsprincipen : – den skadelidandes skyldighet att begränsa sin skada." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-137307.

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Den skadeståndsrättsliga principen om den skadelidandes skyldighet att begränsa sin skada ärväl känd och vedertagen i svensk rätt. Principen åberopas ofta som invändning iskadeståndstvister av alla slag, och har därmed stor praktisk betydelse. Principens köprättsligaoch försäkringsrättsliga motsvarigheter är generöst behandlade i doktrinen. På denskadeståndsrättsliga sidan förhåller det sig annorlunda – det här är första gången som ämnetblir tillägnat ett eget arbete i Sverige. Det finns många rättsfall där skadebegränsningsskyldigheten aktualiseras, men på grund avdomskälens utformning är rättsfallens värde som vägledning begränsat. Jag anser emellertid attuppmärksamheten inte bör överfokuseras på dessa. Intar man ett framåtblickande perspektiv,finns det gott om material och idéer att hämta från den övriga civilrätten, från rättsekonominoch – inte minst – från utlandet. Arbetets strukturella och metodologiska ramverk är utformatså, att största möjliga nytta kan dras av främmande källor utan att en djupgående (och oftastointressant) komparativ utredning av dessa källor behöver göras. Det huvudsakliga syftet med undersökningen var att definiera skadebegränsningsprincipensansvarsgräns. Med hänsyn till framställningen omfattning, hade det inte varit möjligt att göragrundliga utredningar av enskilda delproblem. Istället är arbetet fokuserat på att utrönaallmängiltiga riktlinjer, tankemönster och ledtrådar, dels för skadebegränsningsbedömningen isig, och dels för den tänkbara rättsutvecklingen. Ett flertal sådana riktlinjer har kunnatdefinieras, något utspridda över principens tillämpningsområde, och ibland även i sammanhangdär det inte är uppenbart att det är skadebegränsningshänsyn som styr. Samtidigt har åtskilligasystemiska problem uppdagats såväl i principens tillämpning som i den underliggandenormbildningen. Jag har ödmjukt lagt fram några lösningsförslag, med ändamålet att främja enmer rättssäker tillämpning av principen, dels på grundval av gällande rätt, och dels på grundvalav den tänkbara rättsutvecklingen på området.
The doctrine of avoidable loss is a generally recognized principle in Swedish law. The doctrine is often invoked in damage claim disputes of all kinds, and is therefore important in practice. There is plenty of legal literature where the doctrine is treated in the context of sales law and insurance law. On the tort law side, however, there is nothing – this is the first dedicated work on the subject in Sweden. There are many tort cases where the question of avoidable loss is actualized, but due to the way the courts articulate the grounds for their rulings, the cases provide little guidance for the future, and therefore have little value as precedent. This is not necessarily an obstacle to the study. On the contrary, when looking outwards, I have found a wealth of ideas and study material in other areas of civil law, in law and economics, and in foreign law. The structural and methodological framework of the thesis was designed to allow for extraction of material from foreign sources without needing to conduct a thorough (and often uninteresting) comparative study. The main purpose of the investigation was to define the boundaries of the claimant’s liability as imposed by the doctrine. Considering the limited scope of the thesis, it would not have been possible to deconstruct the subject into details and conduct thorough investigations of those. Instead, the work was focused on determining general guidelines, thought patterns and clues; both de lege lata and de lege ferenda. Multiple such guidelines could be defined in various contexts where the doctrine is applied, but also, interestingly, in certain contexts where it is not obvious that considerations of avoidable loss are decisive. Multiple systemic issues have also been found, both in the application of the doctrine and in the underlying norms. I have humbly put forward several suggestions on how these issues could be alleviated to promote legal certainty in the doctrine’s application, both today and in the future.
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Sklar, Elliot Montgomery. "The Relationship of Fear of Intimacy, Body Image Avoidance and Body Mass Index." FIU Digital Commons, 2008. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/15.

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Issues of body image and ability to achieve intimacy are connected to body weight, yet remain largely unexplored and have not been evaluated by gender. The underlying purpose of this research was to determine if avoidant attitudes and perceptions of one’s body may hold implications toward its use in intimate interactions, and if an above average body weight would tend to increase this avoidance. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2002) finds that 64.5% of US adults are overweight, with 61.9% of women and 67.2% of men. The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in men and women shows no reverse trend, nor have prevention and treatment proven effective in the long term. The researcher gathered self-reported age, gender, height and weight data from 55 male and 58 female subjects (determined by a prospective power analysis with a desired medium effect size (r =.30) to determine body mass index (BMI), determining a mean age of 21.6 years and mean BMI of 25.6. Survey instruments consisted of two scales that are germane to the variables being examined. They were (1) Descutner and Thelen of the University of Missouri’s (1991) Fear-of-Intimacy scale and (2) Rosen, Srebnik, Saltzberg, and Wendt’s (1991) Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire. Results indicated that as body mass index increases, fear of intimacy increases (p<0.05) and that as body mass index increases, body image avoidance increases (p<0.05). The relationship that as body image avoidance increases, fear of intimacy increases was not supported, but approached significance at (p<0.07). No differences in these relationships were determined between gender groups. For age, the only observed relationship was that of a difference between scores for age groups [18 to 22 (group 1) and ages 23 to 34 (group 2)] for the relationship of body image avoidance and fear of intimacy (p<0.02). The results suggest that the relationship of body image avoidance and fear of intimacy, as well as age, bear consideration toward the escalating prevalence of overweight and obesity. An integrative approach to body weight that addresses issues of body image and intimacy may prove effective in prevention and treatment.
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Bozgunchie, Maratbek, and Katsuki Ito. "Avoidable Mortality Measured by Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) Aged 5 Before 65 Years in Kyrgyzstan, 1989-2003." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7480.

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Johnson, Earl E. "Safety Limit Warning Levels for the Avoidance of Excessive Sound Amplification to Protect Against Further Hearing Loss." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1708.

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Objective: To determine safe output sound pressure levels (SPL) for sound amplification devices to preserve hearing sensitivity after usage. Design: A mathematical model consisting of the Modified Power Law (MPL) (Humes & Jesteadt, 1991) combined with equations for predicting temporary threshold shift (TTS) and subsequent permanent threshold shift (PTS) (Macrae, 1994b) was used to determine safe output SPL. Study sample: The study involves no new human subject measurements of loudness tolerance or threshold shifts. PTS was determined by the MPL model for 234 audiograms and the SPL output recommended by four different validated prescription recommendations for hearing aids. Results: PTS can, on rare occasion, occur as a result of SPL delivered by hearing aids at modern day prescription recommendations. The trading relationship of safe output SPL, decibel hearing level (dB HL) threshold, and PTS was captured with algebraic expressions. Better hearing thresholds lowered the safe output SPL and higher thresholds raised the safe output SPL. Conclusion: Safe output SPL can consider the magnitude of unaided hearing loss. For devices not set to prescriptive levels, limiting the output SPL below the safe levels identified should protect against threshold worsening as a result of long-term usage.
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Bengtsson, Henrik, and Marcus Fahlgren. "Tecken på resultatmanipulering med hjälp av immateriella tillgångar : Tenderar svenska börsnoterade bolag att använda subjektiviteten kring avskrivningar av immateriella tillgångar?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185115.

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På Stockholmsbörsen under 2019 skedde i genomsnitt 355 612 handelsavslut per dag och under Corona-året 2020 slogs flera rekord i antalet avslut, bland annat den 12 mars då över 1 400 000 stycken gjordes på den svenska Stockholmsbörsen (Avanza, 2020). Något som påverkar investerare till att göra avslut på börsprodukter är naturligtvis nyheter kring bolagen, framför allt nyheter kring årsredovisningen. En bra årsrapport har i generella termer historiskt fått investerare att vilja köpa fler aktier i ett bolag, medan en dålig rapport har fått dem att vilja sälja av sina andelar (Lopez & Rees, 2002, s.155). Några typer av tillgångar som anses ha blivit särskilt svåra att bedöma efter regelverket IFRS intåg är goodwill och immateriella tillgångars avskrivnings- och nedskrivningsmetoder,då dessa bygger på en delvis subjektiv bedömning av framtida kassaflöden kopplade till tillgången. Det har även lett till att det blivit svårare för investerare att göra jämförelser mellan bolags tillgångar och användningen av dessa på marknaden (Hoogendoorn, 2006, s.24). Studien grundar sig utifrån tidigare forskning som analyserat bolag som befinner sig i tillstånd där det tycks föreligga starka incitament till resultatmanipulering, till exempel bolag i stigande resultattrend eller rapporterat ett resultat just över noll, även kallat loss avoidance. Då den tidigare forskningen främst riktat in sig på nyckeltalet periodiseringar finner vi det intressant att även utforska andra nyckeltal som potentiellt kan användas i liknande syften.Denna studie ämnar undersöka om det förekommer tendenser hos de svenska bolagen som är listade på börslistorna large cap och small cap att använda avskrivningar av immateriella tillgångar för att undvika bryta stigande resultattrender som varat i minst 3 åreller att undvika att rapportera en förlust.Syftet är vidare att undersöka om det förekommer skillnader i avskrivningar av immateriella tillgångar mellan företag med starka incitament, där bolagen harkategoriseratssom loss avoidance-bolag och stigande resultattrend-bolag.Studien visar ett resultat där det kan finnas svenska bolag på börslistan large cap som använder sig av immateriella tillgångar med hjälp av storleken på avskrivningar för att undvika att brytaen stigande resultattrend som varar i minst 3 år.Med detta sagt, har studien också kommit fram till att det inte förekommer något samband för stigande resultattrend vad gäller börslistan small cap. Studien visar också att det kan finnas svenska bolag på börslistan large cap och small cap som använder sig av immateriella tillgångar med hjälp av avskrivningar för att undvika att rapportera en förlust. För large cap-bolagen finner vi ett starkt samband för detta, medan det för small cap-bolagen inte finns något samband i vår utförda studie.
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Flamm, David S. "Santa Barbara Tea Fire Multi-Hazard Mitigation Benefit Cost Analysis." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/124.

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ABSTRACT Santa Barbara Tea Fire Multi-Hazard Mitigation Benefit Cost Analysis David S Flamm This study examines the benefits and costs associated with the outright purchase of properties for hazard mitigation (“property acquisition mitigation”) in Santa Barbara, California which reduced four properties’ exposure to multiple hazards. The results indicate that the estimated overall benefit-cost ratio for property acquisition mitigation projects is 1.75:1 when the exposed properties meet a threshold of eminent threat for total loss. This study further suggests that when property acquisitions are performed in an area threatened by multiple hazards the mitigation becomes two to three times more beneficial than in an area threatened by a single hazard. Possible implications and future benefits associated with this mitigation and mitigations like this are also explored. Multi-hazard mitigation is an action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risks from natural or human-caused hazards. A hazard is any condition or event with the potential to cause fatalities, injuries, property damage, infrastructure damage, economic interruptions, environmental damage, or other loss. The study area for the Tea Fire BCA (Benefit Cost Analysis) is subject to multiple hazards, primarily landslides, wildfires, and earthquakes. In an attempt to reduce the exposure to landslides a mitigation project was completed in 1998. This project included purchase of four properties by the City of Santa Barbara using federal and local funds. The undeveloped properties were left empty as open space to eliminate the exposure to risk. The project, originally intended to mitigate landslide risk, mitigated risk exposure to multiple hazards. The mitigation was put to the test during the Santa Barbara Tea Fire, a wildfire which burned approximately 2,000 acres of Santa Barbara County land in November, 2008. The following steps were followed to determine the overall loss avoidance: 1. Obtain building values before mitigation 2. Obtain current comparable building values 3. Determine burn recurrence in study area 4. Obtain fire damage estimates from FEMA BCA tool based on “before mitigation” building and contents values 5. Calculate “loss avoidance” and adjust for inflation using FEMA BCA tool 6. Add additional avoided losses not considered in BCA (e.g., emergency management costs) 7. Subtract new losses resulting from the project 8. Determine multi-hazard recurrence in study area Keywords: Hazard Mitigation, Benefit Cost Analysis, Loss Avoidance.
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Kim, Bumsoo. "Motion control of an autonomous vehicle with loss of wheel-ground contact avoidance using dynamic model based predictive control." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58286.pdf.

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Edwan, Talal A. "Improved algorithms for TCP congestion control." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7141.

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Reliable and efficient data transfer on the Internet is an important issue. Since late 70's the protocol responsible for that has been the de facto standard TCP, which has proven to be successful through out the years, its self-managed congestion control algorithms have retained the stability of the Internet for decades. However, the variety of existing new technologies such as high-speed networks (e.g. fibre optics) with high-speed long-delay set-up (e.g. cross-Atlantic links) and wireless technologies have posed lots of challenges to TCP congestion control algorithms. The congestion control research community proposed solutions to most of these challenges. This dissertation adds to the existing work by: firstly tackling the highspeed long-delay problem of TCP, we propose enhancements to one of the existing TCP variants (part of Linux kernel stack). We then propose our own variant: TCP-Gentle. Secondly, tackling the challenge of differentiating the wireless loss from congestive loss in a passive way and we propose a novel loss differentiation algorithm which quantifies the noise in packet inter arrival times and use this information together with the span (ratio of maximum to minimum packet inter arrival times) to adapt the multiplicative decrease factor according to a predefined logical formula. Finally, extending the well-known drift model of TCP to account for wireless loss and some hypothetical cases (e.g. variable multiplicative decrease), we have undertaken stability analysis for the new version of the model.
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Books on the topic "Avoidable loss"

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Rhys-Jones, Graham. The loss of the Bismarck: An avoidable disaster. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press, 1999.

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Rhys-Jones, Graham. The loss of the Bismarck: An avoidable disaster. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press, 1999.

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The loss of the Bismarck: An avoidable disaster. London: Cassell, 1999.

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S, Feldstein Martin. Tax avoidance and the deadweight loss of the income tax. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.

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Chetty, Raj. Is the taxable income elasticity sufficient to calculate deadweight loss?: The implications of evasion and avoidance. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008.

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Helm, Shapiro, Anito & Aldrich. Report to the New York Permanent Commission on Public Employee Pension and Retirement Systems on avoidance of unintentional or improper loss of pension benefits. New York, N.Y: State of New York, Executive Dept., Permanent Commission on Public Employee Pension and Retirement Systems, 1986.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Aircraft accident report: In-flight loss of propeller blade and uncontrolled collision with terrain, Mitsubishi MU-2B-60, N86SD, Zwingle, Iowa, April 19, 1993. Washington, D.C: National Transportation Safety Board, 1993.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Aircraft accident report: In-flight loss of propeller blade, forced landing and collision with terrain, Atlantic Southeast Airlines, Inc. Flight 529, Embraer EMB-120RT, N256AS, Carrollton, Georgia, August 21, 1995. Washington, D.C: National Transportation Safety Board, 1996.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Aircraft accident report: In-flight icing encounter and loss of control, Simmons Airlines, d.b.a. American Eagle flight 4184, Avions de Transport Regional (ATR) model 72-212, N401AM, Roselawn, Indiana, October 31, 1994. Washington, D.C: National Transportation Safety Board, 1996.

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Rhys-Jones, Graham. The Loss of the Bismarck : An Avoidable Disaster. Naval Institute Press, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Avoidable loss"

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MacDonald, Geoff, Terry K. Borsook, and Stephanie S. Spielmann. "Defensive avoidance of social pain via perceptions of social threat and reward." In Social pain: Neuropsychological and health implications of loss and exclusion., 141–60. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/12351-006.

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Newton, Paul N. "Medicine quality, physicians, and patients." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by John D. Firth, Christopher P. Conlon, and Timothy M. Cox, 124–26. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0016.

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Poor-quality medicines negate the enormous advantages of modern pharmaceuticals and lead to avoidable morbidity and mortality; loss of confidence in medicines and healthcare systems; economic losses for patients, their families, governments, and the pharmaceutical industry; and—for anti-infectives—engender pathogen drug resistance. There are many examples of both falsified (due to fraudulent production) and substandard (due to in-factory negligence) medicines, vaccines, diagnostic tests, and devices. New portable diagnostic devices offer hope that they could empower medicine inspectors and pharmacists to obtain objective evidence for selection of suspicious samples for formal analysis. Much greater international effort is needed for the reporting of poor-quality medicines so that detection can be acted upon and patients protected.
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Pring, Linda, and Valerie Tadić. "The Behavioral and Cognitive Manifestations of Blindness in Children." In Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0063.

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Ground-breaking progress in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders has allowed us far more insight into blindness and visual impairment (VI). The field of cognitive neuroscience has now established itself solidly in the literature, combining the knowledge from cognitive psychology, clinical studies related to brain damage, and neuroscience to open the way to significant advances in understanding. In recent years, the optimism engendered from the adult studies has played a large part in providing the impetus for developmental studies and in particular developmental neuroscience (Johnson 2005; Tager-Flusberg 1999). It is from this developmental neuroscience perspective that we can begin to understand the cognitive and behavioral manifestations associated with blindness and VI; albeit with the proviso that children with VI present particularly heterogeneous developmental patterns when compared to typically developing children (Fraiberg 1971). In considering the effects of blindness and VI, this chapter will focus on social understanding, language, cognition, and motor development. However, it begins with brief introductions to epidemiology and the effects of blindness on the functional and structural organization of the brain, which it is hoped will provide a useful context in which to consider the development of children who cannot see. Today the number of blind people in the world stands at 45 million, even though up to 75% of blindness could be avoided either by treatment or by prevention. The number of people with avoidable blindness will have doubled from 1990 to 2020 unless there is rapid and effective intervention, and the total number of the blind is projected to be as many as 76 million by 2020. To prevent this scenario, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) have jointly initiated Vision 2020, a project that aims to eliminate the main causes of avoidable blindness by the year 2020, with the ultimate long-term goal of a world in which all avoidable blindness is eliminated and in which everyone with unavoidable vision loss reaches their full potential. The top priority of Vision 2020 is the prevention of childhood blindness. At present there are 1.4 million children under the age of 15 who are blind.
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Meagher, David, Cara Daly, and Dimitrios Adamis. "Delirium." In Oxford Textbook of Neuropsychiatry, edited by Niruj Agrawal, Rafey Faruqui, and Mayur Bodani, 425–36. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757139.003.0035.

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Delirium is a common, complex neuropsychiatric syndrome that occurs in approximately one in five hospitalized patients. It is associated with a range of adverse healthcare outcomes that are independently predicted by the severity and duration of delirium. Typically 50% or more of cases of delirium are missed, misdiagnosed, or diagnosed late in everyday practice. However, routine systematic cognitive testing aligned to formal screening for delirium in high-risk cases can improve detection in everyday practice. The relationship between delirium and dementia is complex; dementia is a potent risk factor for delirium and 50% of delirium occurs in the context of a pre-existing dementia, but evidence also indicates that the occurrence of delirium can accelerate the course of dementia and that many cases of delirium are followed by long-term cognitive impairment. Delirium is highly preventable, with a third of cases avoidable by addressing a variety of patient, illness, and treatment factors. Treatment of incident delirium requires careful consideration of underlying causes, aggravating environmental factors, and prudent use of pharmacological strategies, with antipsychotic agents the preferred pharmacological intervention. Careful attention to post-delirium care can minimize functional loss, address any psychological sequelae, and reduce the risk of further episodes.
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Golinko, Michael, and Albert Losken. "Unfavorable results: identification and avoidance." In Cosmetic Surgery After Massive Weight Loss, 179. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11927_20.

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Nicolò, Anna Maria, and Stefania Tambone. "The family’s use of regressive defences as an avoidance of mourning." In Psychoanalytic Approaches to Loss, 77–86. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429458231-6.

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Wienhues, Anna. "Biodiversity Loss: An Injustice?" In Ecological Justice and the Extinction Crisis, 137–58. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529208511.003.0007.

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This chapter investigates whether biodiversity loss is an injustice. Even though there is a fairly widely shared belief by conservation biologists and environmental ethicists that species extinctions are morally wrong, this intuition has usually not been framed in terms of justice. The chapter then looks at biodiversity loss from the harm avoidance perspective, exploring whether the harm of human-caused species extinctions can be considered an injustice (if it constitutes a harm at all) and not merely something that is morally lamentable or even morally neutral. It argues that rather than constituting an injustice in itself, biodiversity loss should be understood as an indicator for past injustices. Thus, it is the outcome of injustice rather than injustice itself which explains how the current extinction crisis embodies an injustice.
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"BLAME AVOIDANCE: TOWARD AN ATTRIBUTIONAL INTERVENTION PROGRAM." In Life Crises and Experiences of Loss in Adulthood, 195–210. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315807171-16.

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Ozturkcan, Selcen, and Sercan Şengün. "Gaining Reward vs. Avoiding Loss." In Emerging Research and Trends in Gamification, 48–71. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8651-9.ch003.

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This chapter enhances the dyadic gain-loss concept by presenting findings of a research project on uncovering whether the efficiency component of gamification could be better attained by balancing a shift from gain to loss, or completely avoiding it altogether. The gamification of any system requires a good selection and balance of game design elements to make the overall experience fun, as well as gaming emotions to keep it intrinsically rewarding. However, if not designed properly, participators of a gamified system that expect the prospect of gaining rewards, may ultimately realize a shift of engagement from gain to avoiding losses any earned status, badge, experience, or popularity often defined within the periphery of the gamified system. Findings reveal changing levels of motivation within different participatory foci, where loss avoidance (punishment scenarios) generates more motivation than the prospect of gaining rewards.
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Fisher, Mary Alice. "Step 5: Avoiding Preventable Breaches of Confidentiality." In The Ethics of Conditional Confidentiality, 109–22. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199752201.003.0009.

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Chapter 8 discusses avoiding preventable breaches of confidentiality, which can include appropriate conversations in inappropriate places, potentially appropriate disclosures made without appropriate consent, overdisclosures, accidental disclosures; and ‘technology glitches’ (transporting patient data on laptops or disks that are easily lost or stolen). It covers ethical responsibilities, avoidable pitfalls, and practice pointers.
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Conference papers on the topic "Avoidable loss"

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Bahiraee, Farid, Aidin Salehzadeh, and Rahim Khoshbakhti Saray. "Investigation of Exergy Destruction Based on Avoidable and Unavoidable Concepts for Helical Coils." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24474.

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An inevitable problem challenges heat exchanger designers is that the heat transfer augmentation in a thermal system is always achieved at the expense of an increase in pressure loss. Thus, the optimal trade-off by choosing the most proper configuration and best flow condition has become the critical problem for design work. The brief survey on literature shows that optimal Reynolds number (i.e. the Reynolds number which corresponds to minimum entropy generation) of laminar forced convection in a helical tube, was specified based on minimum entropy generation. Therefore, the present study analyzes the thermodynamic potential of improvement for steady, laminar, fully developed, forced convection in a helical coiled tube subjected to uniform wall temperature based on the concept of avoidable and unavoidable exergy destruction. The influence of coil curvature ratio, dimensionless inlet temperature difference, dimensionless passage length of the coil, and fluid properties on avoidable exergy destruction have been investigated for water as working fluid. Results show considerable potential of thermodynamic optimization of helical coil tubes. Also, in the range of present study a relation for determining the amount of optimum Dean number is proposed.
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Ray, Tapan K., Pankaj Ekbote, Ranjan Ganguly, and Amitava Gupta. "Second-Law Analysis in a Steam Power Plant for Minimization of Avoidable Exergy Destruction." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90144.

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Performance analysis of a 500 MWe steam turbine cycle is performed combining the thermodynamic first and second-law constraints to identify the potential avenues for significant enhancement in efficiency. The efficiency of certain plant components, e.g. condenser, feed water heaters etc., is not readily defined in the gamut of the first law, since their output do not involve any thermodynamic work. Performance criteria for such components are defined in a way which can easily be translated to the overall influence of the cycle input and output, and can be used to assess performances under different operating conditions. A performance calculation software has been developed that computes the energy and exergy flows using thermodynamic property values with the real time operation parameters at the terminal points of each system/equipment and evaluates the relevant rational performance parameters for them. Exergy-based analysis of the turbine cycle under different strategic conditions with different degrees of superheat and reheat sprays exhibit the extent of performance deterioration of the major equipment and its impact to the overall cycle efficiency. For example, during a unit operation with attemperation flow, a traditional energy analysis alone would wrongly indicate an improved thermal performance of HP heater 5, since the feed water temperature rise across it increases. However, the actual performance degradation is reflected as an exergy analysis indicates an increased exergy destruction within the HP heater 5 under reheat spray. These results corroborate to the deterioration of overall cycle efficiency and rightly assist operational optimization. The exergy-based analysis is found to offer a more direct tool for evaluating the commercial implication of the off-design operation of an individual component of a turbine cycle. The exergy destruction is also translated in terms of its environmental impact, since the irretrievable loss of useful work eventually leads to thermal pollution. The technique can be effectively used by practicing engineers in order to improve efficiency by reducing the avoidable exergy destruction, directly assisting the saving of energy resources and decreasing environmental pollution.
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Momin, Geoffrey, Raj Panchal, Daniel Liu, and Sharman Perera. "Case Study: Enhancing Human Reliability With Artificial Intelligence and Augmented Reality Tools for Nuclear Maintenance." In ASME 2018 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2018-7495.

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Human error accounts for about 60% of the annual power loss due to maintenance incidents in the fossil power industry. The International Atomic Energy Agency reports that 80\% of industrial accidents in the nuclear industry can be attributed to human error and 20\% to equipment failure. The Personal Augmented Reality Reference System (PARRS) is a suite of computer-mediated reality applications that looks to minimize human error by digitizing manual procedures and providing real-time monitoring of hazards present in an environment. Our mission is to be able to provide critical feedback to inform personnel in real-time and protect them from avoidable hazards. PARRS aims to minimize human error and increase worker productivity by bringing innovation to safety and procedural compliance by leveraging technologies such as augmented reality, LiDAR, computer machine learning and particulate mapping using remote systems.
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Barreto, D., J. Fajardo, and J. Campillo. "Determination of the Optimal Range of the Compressor Inlet Air Temperature in a Power Plant With Stig Cycle Through of Advanced Exergetic Analysis." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10410.

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Abstract Conventional exergy analysis identifies the more inefficient components; however, this doesn’t regard interaction between components, neither real improvement potential to each component of the system, this information is providing for the advanced exergy analysis. In this paper was developed an advanced exergy analysis to determine the optimal range of the compressor inlet air temperature, to compensate the power loss in a power plant with Stig cycle and an air cooling system. This plant without cooling system at ISO conditions produce 52 MW, while in local conditions (32 °C, 80%RH) its productions decreases to 44.3MW. The results showed that for every degree centigrade that the air temperature decreases at inlet compressor the power output increases in 0.17 MW and total destroyed exergy increases 0.23 MW. It was determined that for the optimal range of compressor inlet air temperature is between 10 and 12°C; at this range were obtained the highest power output values, and the values of the avoidable and endogenous exergy destroyed are diminished in 0.28 MW and 0.20 MW respectively compared to those given in local operating conditions.
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Shainline, Jeffrey M., Jason Orcutt, Mark T. Wade, Roy Meade, Ofer Tehar-Zahav, Zvi Sternberg, Vladimir Stojanović, and Miloš A. Popović. "Multi-modal optical microcavities for loss avoidance." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2013.cm1f.2.

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Yodphet, Suriya, Sunisa Rimcharoen, and Nutthanon Leelathakul. "LARG: Loss avoidance technical trading rules using genetic algorithm." In 2016 8th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technology (KST). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kst.2016.7440513.

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Turner, Norman L., Michael I. Current, T. C. Smith, Dave Crane, and Robert Simonton. "Avoidance Of Planar Channeling Effects In Si (100)." In 1985 Los Angeles Technical Symposium, edited by Michael I. Current and Devindra K. Sadana. SPIE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.946468.

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Mori, Kenta, Sho Hatakeyama, and Hiroshi Shigeno. "DCLA: Distributed Chunk Loss Avoidance Method for Cooperative Mobile Live Streaming." In 2015 IEEE 29th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aina.2015.277.

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Misra, A., and T. J. Ott. "The window distribution of idealized TCP congestion avoidance with variable packet loss." In IEEE INFOCOM '99. Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. The Future is Now (Cat. No.99CH36320). IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infcom.1999.752179.

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Kumar, Rahul, Aneesh Kumar Mishra, and Deepak Kumar Singh. "Packet Loss Avoidance in Mobile Adhoc Network by using Trusted LDoS Techniques." In 2020 2nd International Conference on Data, Engineering and Applications (IDEA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/idea49133.2020.9170673.

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Reports on the topic "Avoidable loss"

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Feldstein, Martin. Tax Avoidance and the Deadweight Loss of the Income Tax. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5055.

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Chetty, Raj. Is the Taxable Income Elasticity Sufficient to Calculate Deadweight Loss? The Implications of Evasion and Avoidance. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13844.

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Moretti, Enrico, and Matthew Neidell. Pollution, Health, and Avoidance Behavior: Evidence from the Ports of Los Angeles. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14939.

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Berkowitz, Jacob, Christine VanZomeren, Nia Hurst, and Kristina Sebastian. An evaluation of soil phosphorus storage capacity (SPSC) at proposed wetland restoration locations in the western Lake Erie Basin. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42108.

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Historical loss of wetlands coupled with excess phosphorus (P) loading at watershed scales have degraded water quality in portions of the western Lake Erie Basin (WLEB). In response, efforts are underway to restore wetlands and decrease P loading to surface waters. Because wetlands have a finite capacity to retain P, researchers have developed techniques to determine whether wetlands function as P sources or sinks. The following technical report evaluates the soil P storage capacity (SPSC) at locations under consideration for wetland restoration in collaboration with the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) and the H2Ohio initiative. Results indicate that the examined soils display a range of P retention capacities, reflecting historic land-use patterns and management regimes. However, the majority of study locations exhibited some capacity to sequester additional P. The analysis supports development of rankings and comparative analyses of areas within a specific land parcel, informing management through design, avoidance, removal, or remediation of potential legacy P sources. Additionally, the approaches described herein support relative comparisons between multiple potential wetland development properties. These results, in conjunction with other data sources, can be used to target, prioritize, justify, and improve decision-making for wetland management activities in the WLEB.
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