Journal articles: 'Avoidable loss'

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Morse, Alan R., and William H. Seiple. "Decreasing Avoidable Vision Loss: Identifying Antecedents of Adherence." Clinical Ophthalmology Volume 14 (November 2020): 3735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/opth.s278627.

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Simkiss, Philippa. "Preventing avoidable sight loss: a public health priority." Public Health 129, no. 5 (May 2015): 607–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.03.025.

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Kotecha, Aachal, Sofia Fernandes, Catey Bunce, and Wendy A. Franks. "Avoidable sight loss from glaucoma: is it unavoidable?" British Journal of Ophthalmology 96, no. 6 (April 4, 2012): 816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-301499.

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Shah, Pravin M., Rao R. Ivatury, Sateesh C. Babu, Manohar N. Nallathambi, Roy H. Clauss, and William M. Stahl. "Is limb loss avoidable in civilian vascular injuries?" American Journal of Surgery 154, no. 2 (August 1987): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(87)90179-6.

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Hansen, Ken. "Book Review: The Loss of the Bismarck: An Avoidable Disaster." International Journal of Maritime History 13, no. 1 (June 2001): 369–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871401013001104.

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Manju, P., S. Subramanian, and M. Sivakumar. "Estimation of avoidable yield loss inGerbera jamesoniicaused byMeloidogyne incognitaunder greenhouse conditions." Current Advances in Agricultural Sciences(An International Journal) 8, no. 1 (2016): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2394-4471.2016.00028.9.

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O'hare, A. E., D. Green, and J. Grigor. "Avoidable Late Diagnosis of Significant Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Implications for Practice." British Journal of Audiology 32, no. 1 (February 1998): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03005364000000047.

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Radhika, Malreddy, and Chinthakindi Narendra Reddy. "Estimation of Avoidable Yield Loss Due to Sucking Pest Complex in Blackgram." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 05 (May 20, 2018): 2403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.276.

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Mactaggart, Islay, Hans Limburg, Andrew Bastawrous, Matthew J. Burton, and Hannah Kuper. "Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness: looking back, looking forward." British Journal of Ophthalmology 103, no. 11 (July 2, 2019): 1549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314015.

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The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness, or RAAB, is a relatively simple and low-cost survey methodology to provide data on the prevalence and causes of visual loss. The aim of this article is to reflect on the achievements and challenges of RAAB, and to describe the future developments that are needed to ensure that it remains a relevant and widely used tool. To date, at least 331 RAABs have been undertaken in 79 countries, and these surveys provide an important source of information on visual loss at both the local and global level. A RAAB repository has been developed which includes the site and date of RAABs undertaken, and, where authors have agreed, the core indicators, reports or even raw data from the survey. This dataset has already been used for meta-analyses, and there are further opportunities for its use. Despite these achievements, there are core areas in which RAAB needs to be strengthened so that the full benefits of undertaking the survey can be reaped. Key developments of RAAB are underway, and will include greater use of mobile technologies using a cloud-based platform to enable both digital data collection, real-time survey reviews, reporting and analysis, and a greater emphasis on using the data for planning.

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Kular, Jagdev, and Sarwan Kumar. "Quantification of Avoidable Yield Losses in Oilseed Brassica Caused by Insect Pests." Journal of Plant Protection Research 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-011-0007-y.

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Quantification of Avoidable Yield Losses in OilseedBrassicaCaused by Insect PestsA six year field study was conducted from 2001-2002 to 2006-2007 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India to study the losses in seed yield of differentBrassicaspecies (B. juncea, B. napus, B. carinata, B. rapaandEruca sativa) by the infestation of insect pests. The experiment was conducted in two different sets viz. protected/sprayed and unprotected, in a randomized block design, with three replications. Data on the infestation of insect pests, and seed yield were recorded at weekly intervals and at harvest, respectively. The loss in seed yield, due to mustard aphid and cabbage caterpillar, varied from 6.5 to 26.4 per cent.E. sativasuffered the least loss in seed yield and harboured the minimum population of mustard aphid (2.1 aphids/plant) and cabbage caterpillar (2.4 larvae/plant). On the other hand,B. carinatawas highly susceptible to the cabbage caterpillar (26.2 larvae/plant) and suffered the maximum yield loss (26.4%).

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Sagar, D., Suresh M. Nebapure, and Subhash Chander. "Assessment of avoidable yield loss due to pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera in Chickpea." Indian Journal of Entomology 80, no. 2 (2018): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2018.00097.4.

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D'Souza, L. G., D. E. Hynes, F. McManus, T. M. O'Brien, M. M. Stephens, and V. Waide. "The Bicycle Spoke Injury: An Avoidable Accident?" Foot & Ankle International 17, no. 3 (March 1996): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079601700310.

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A prospective study of the bicycle spoke injury over a 1-year period included a total of 71 spoke injuries. Of these, 67 injuries occurred on an adult bicycle and four occurred on a child's bicycle. All children sustained ankle and foot injuries, which consisted of contusion and superficial abrasion (N = 45), skin loss (N = 10), skin laceration (N = 4), and undisplaced fractures (N = 12). A biomechanical study was conducted to investigate the use of a protective cover over the wheel to prevent the foot from slipping between the spokes. Wind resistance studies showed that a cover with a mesh size of 10 mm hexagonal could prevent this and at the same time stop the cover from acting as a sail if a flat cover without holes was used instead. The mesh cover, however, will prevent the toes from entering between the spokes but will not prevent the foot from becoming jammed between the wheel and the fork. To prevent this, a plastic shield to bridge the gap between the fork and the horizontal upright has been designed. With these modifications, the bicycle spoke injury can become an injury of the past.

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Mahalik, J. K., and S. N. Mahapatra. "Assessment of avoidable yield loss of Okra due to Meloidogyne incognita in Odisha, India." Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 28, no. 2 (2020): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0163.2020.00049.x.

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Cánovas Creus, A., A. Bernstad Saraiva, and EF Arruda. "Structured evaluation of food loss and waste prevention and avoidable impacts: A simplified method." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 8 (July 11, 2018): 698–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18778779.

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Interest in life-cycle assessment (LCA) for foodstuffs has increased over recent years. In the same period, there could also be noticed an increased focus on food losses and waste (FLW); hence the need for guidance or a method that assesses the environmental impacts of FLW when analyzing agrifood systems with the use of LCA. This study introduces a method of assessing FLW in the context of supply chain LCA through: i) calculating the impacts of the food supply chain with the associated FLW, in order to account for the overall environmental impacts; and ii) assessing the benefits of FLW prevention strategies. After the method is presented, a practical application follows. The results of this study show that this method is able to aid LCA practitioners to include FLW on their LCA for food studies so as not to underestimate the impacts. Furthermore, the method is able to aid decision makers to assess the benefits of implementing a FLW prevention action in comparison to a baseline scenario. This method has some limitations: the attributional approach, lack of guidelines on how to estimate prevention potentials, as well as lack of guidelines to estimate additional impacts due to prevention actions.

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Mackel, Charles E., Brent C. Morel, Jesse L. Winer, Hannah G. Park, Megan Sweeney, Robert S. Heller, Leslie Rideout, Ron I. Riesenburger, and Steven W. Hwang. "Secondary overtriage of pediatric neurosurgical trauma at a Level I pediatric trauma center." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 22, no. 4 (October 2018): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.5.peds182.

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OBJECTIVEThe authors reviewed the transfer requests for isolated pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) at a Level I/II facility with the goal of identifying clinical and radiographic traits associated with potentially avoidable transfers that could be safely managed in a non–tertiary care setting.METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective study of patients < 18 years of age classified as having TBI and transferred to their Level I tertiary care center over a 12-year period. The primary outcome of interest was identifying potentially avoidable transfers, defined as transfers of patients not requiring any neurosurgical intervention and discharged 1 hospital day after admission.RESULTSOverall, 70.8% of pediatric patients with isolated TBI did not require neurosurgical intervention or monitoring, indicating an avoidable transfer. Potentially avoidable transfers were associated with outside hospital imaging that was negative (86%) or showed isolated, nondisplaced skull fractures (86%) compared to patients with cranial pathology (53.8%, p < 0.001) as well as age ≤ 6 years (81% [negative imaging/isolated, nondisplaced fractures] vs 54% [positive cranial pathology], p < 0.001). The presence of headaches, nonfocal deficits, and loss of consciousness were associated with necessary transfer (p < 0.05). Patients with potentially avoidable transfers underwent frequent repeat CT studies (19.1%) and admissions to the pediatric intensive care unit (55.9%) but at a lower rate than those whose transfers were necessary (p < 0.001). Neurosurgical interventions occurred in 11% of patients with cranial pathology, which accounted for 17.9% of necessary transfers and 5.2% of all transfers.CONCLUSIONSIn the authors’ region, potentially up to 70% of interfacility transfers for pediatric brain trauma in the absence of other systemic injuries warranting surgical intervention may not require neurosurgical intervention and could be managed locally. No patients transferred with isolated, nondisplaced skull fractures or negative CT scans required neurosurgical intervention, and 86% were discharged the day after admission. In contrast, 11% of patients with CT scans indicative of cranial pathology required neurosurgical intervention. Age > 6 years, loss of consciousness, and nonfocal deficits were associated with a greater likelihood of needing a transfer. Further studies are required to clarify which patients can be managed at local institutions, but referring centers should practice overcaution given the potential risks.

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Imam, Nazia, Mobashir Sarfraz Ali, Bibhuti Prassan Sinha, Gyan Bhaskar, and Rakhi Kusumesh. "Bungee cord related ocular trauma: An avoidable cause of ocular morbidity." Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences 11, no. 2 (August 15, 2021): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.pjms.2021.060.

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To study the mechanism and clinical features of ocular injury and its outcome associated with bungee cord related eye trauma. A retrospective review of medical records was performed at our tertiary care centre to identify patients presented with bungee cord related eye injury between March 2016 to February 2017. Data collected from medical records were age, sex, mechanism of injury, clinical features, therapeutic intervention, presenting visual acuity, final visual acuity and length of follow up. Total of thirteen patients with bungee cord related trauma were identified. Ten (77%) patients presented with closed globe injury and 3(23%) presented with open globe injury. All patients were male with mean age group of 30.15±7.38 years. Presenting visual acuity ranges from 6/12 to NPL. Only seven (54%) of patients were having final visual acuity of better than or equal to 6/18 in injured eye. Three patients (23.1%) with open globe injury had final visual acuity of counting fingers or worse. Main mechanism of injury being combination of blunt and high speed projectile injury due to slippage of metal or plastic hook while the cord is stretched. Trauma with bungee cord is usually affecting working age group male with injury resulting in loss of workable vision to loss of eye hence there is need of appropriate intervention like use of printed warning on package and modification of hook design to decrease the incidence of bungee cord related trauma.

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Tuleasca, Constantin, Micaela Dedeciusova, Antonio Tarabay, and Marc Levivier. "Acute and subacute sensorineural hearing loss after radiosurgery for vestibular schwannomas: Avoiding what is avoidable!" Journal of the Neurological Sciences 401 (June 2019): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2019.04.025.

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Riedel, John E., Jessica Grossmeier, Laura Haglund-Howieson, Cherie Buraglio, David R. Anderson, and Paul E. Terry. "Use of a Normal Impairment Factor in Quantifying Avoidable Productivity Loss Because of Poor Health." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 51, no. 3 (March 2009): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jom.0b013e31819eaac0.

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Bright, Tess, Ian McCormick, Mwanaisha Phiri, Wakisa Mulwafu, Matthew Burton, Sarah Polack, Islay Mactaggart, Jennifer L. Y. Yip, De Wet Swanepoel, and Hannah Kuper. "Rationale and feasibility of a combined rapid assessment of avoidable blindness and hearing loss protocol." PLOS ONE 15, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): e0229008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229008.

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Echem, Richard C., and Phillip D. Eyimina. "Lower extremity gangrene in children from traditional bone setters care: an avoidable cause of limb loss." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 7 (June 26, 2020): 2524. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20202889.

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Background: Worldwide, lower extremity gangrene in children is rare. In orthopaedic practice in developing countries, a frequent cause of extremity gangrene is the practice of traditional bone setting. Aim of the study was to document lower extremity gangrene in children resulting from the care of traditional bone setters’ as seen in a tertiary health institution.Methods: A prospective study of children presenting with lower extremity gangrene from the care of traditional bone setters at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from January 2006 to December 2018. Data obtained included the patients socio-demographics and relevant information related to the diagnosis. Data was analysed with SPSS version 20.Results: Eighteen children with lower extremity gangrene were seen. Their ages ranged from 10 days to 132 months. There was a female preponderance. Their parents mostly had primary and secondary levels of education and majority were married. The most common diagnosis was tibiofibular fractures followed by congenital clubfoot. Trauma-related injuries were mostly from falls. Duration before presentation ranged from 7 to 28 days. Majority had massage, splinting and bandaging from the bone setter. Most common associated complication at presentation was sepsis. All had provisional amputation. Most common amputation was below knee. Most had stump refashioning within 15 days. One had split skin grafting. There was one mortality. Duration of hospital stay ranged from 3 to 65 days.Conclusions: Children at any age can develop lower extremity gangrene from traditional bone setters’ care. This is an avoidable and preventable sequelae of care. Parental health education is necessary to discourage their patronizing traditional bone setters.

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Ledger, W. L., P. Vercellini, E. Somigliana, P. Vigano, S. De Matteis, L. Buggio, and L. Fedele. "INVITED SESSION, SESSION 27: AVOIDABLE LOSS OF FERTILITY, Tuesday 5 July 2011 08:30 - 09:30." Human Reproduction 26, Supplement 1 (January 1, 2011): i41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/26.s1.27.

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Chen, Chang-Mu, Chien-Hao Wu, and Yi-Ho Young. "Response to “Acute and subacute sensorineural hearing loss after radiosurgery for vestibular schwannomas: Avoiding what is avoidable?”." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 401 (June 2019): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2019.04.024.

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Yang, Wen An, Wen He Liao, and Yu Guo. "Inspection Manpower Planning for X & S Control Charts." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 1624–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.1624.

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A method of determining the optimal number of inspectors and/or working time required on a specific SPC activity is presented in the study. The issue of inspection manpower planning is handled as a constrained optimization problem. The optimization strategy is not only to minimize the avoidable surplus quality loss due to failure of detecting the out-of-control states but to determine the cost of inspection manpower from the perspective of deploying an appropriate amount of inspection manpower in a cost-effective manner, and meanwhile the values of sample size, sampling interval and control limits of control charts are also determined. The result obtained indicates that the total cost (or loss) can be substantially reduced if implementing control charts was equipped with adequate inspection manpower.

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Salihu, Mohammed N., Soliudeen A. Arojuraye, Ibrahim A. Alabi, Rilwanu Yunusa, and Mohammed S. Mazankwarai. "Traditional bone setting: an avoidable cause of major limb amputations." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 7, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20210613.

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Background: Despite the availability of modern health care services, patients in Nigeria still seek treatment by traditional bone setters. One of the major complications of this type of native fracture treatment is limb gangrene necessitating amputations. The objective of this study was to determine the role of traditional bone setting in major limb amputations.Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at a government orthopedic referral hospital. The study involved all patients who underwent major limb amputation between January 2015 and December 2019 in our center. Data were retrieved from medical records and operation registers. Information regarding age, sex, indications and levels of amputation and complications were studied.Results: During the study period; of the 297 major limb amputations performedd, 194 (65.3%) were due to traditional bone setting. The median age of the patients was 11.0 years (1 to 45 years) and the interquartile range was 10 years. Majority of the patients 86 (44.3%) affected were children less than 10 years of age. Male were more affected than female (M:F=1:2). Lower limb is more affected than the upper limb. The commonest amputation done was below knee amputation in 79 (40.7%) of cases. The commonest complication was surgical site infection which occurred in 32 (16.5%) patients.Conclusions: Traditional bone setting is a leading cause of major limb loss especially in children.

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Van Rompaey, V., E. Offeciers, B. De Foer, and T. Somers. "Jugular bulb diverticulum dehiscence towards the vestibular aqueduct in a patient with otosclerosis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 126, no. 3 (January 5, 2012): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215111003100.

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AbstractObjectives:To demonstrate the need for computed tomography imaging of the temporal bone before considering revision stapes surgery in patients with recurrent or residual conductive hearing loss.Case report:We report the case of a high-riding jugular bulb with an associated jugular bulb diverticulum, which was dehiscent towards the vestibular aqueduct, in a patient with confirmed otosclerosis who did not experience hearing improvement after stapedotomy.Conclusion:This case demonstrates the usefulness of temporal bone computed tomography in the evaluation of patients with otosclerosis in whom stapedotomy has not improved hearing. In such patients, revision surgery to address residual hearing loss would eventually prove unnecessary and avoidable.

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Reeves, Aaron, Martin McKee, and David Stuckler. "Economic suicides in the Great Recession in Europe and North America." British Journal of Psychiatry 205, no. 3 (September 2014): 246–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.144766.

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SummaryThere has been a substantial rise in ‘economic suicides' in the Great Recessions afflicting Europe and North America. We estimate that the Great Recession is associated with at least 10 000 additional economic suicides between 2008 and 2010. A critical question for policy and psychiatric practice is whether these suicide rises are inevitable. Marked cross-national variations in suicides in the recession offer one clue that they are potentially avoidable. Job loss, debt and foreclosure increase risks of suicidal thinking. A range of interventions, from upstream return-to-work programmes through to antidepressant prescriptions may help mitigate suicide risk during economic downturn.

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McAlister, Amber, Sharon A. Center, Hannah Bender, and Sean P. McDonough. "Adverse Interaction Between Colchicine and Ketoconazole in a Chinese Shar Pei." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 50, no. 6 (November 1, 2014): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6080.

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A Chinese shar pei with a 2 yr history of episodic fever, lethargy, and shifting lameness was presumptively diagnosed with familial shar pei fever but had never been treated for the syndrome. After being presented for a superficial pyoderma with possible dermatophyte coinfection, treatment with a cephalosporin and ketoconazole were prescribed. One wk later, colchicine was initiated for familial shar pei fever using cautious dose escalation. Nevertheless, gastrointestinal toxicity, skeletal muscle myopathy, and hepatotoxicity developed within 2 wk. Abrupt resolution of gastrointestinal toxicity and myopathy followed drug withdrawal. However, escalating liver enzyme activity and hyperbilirubinemia led to liver biopsy to rule out an antecedent hepatopathy. Biopsy characterized canalicular cholestasis and colchicine-associated metaphase arrest and ring mitoses reflecting repression of mitotic spindle formation. Signs of illness completely resolved 3 mo after drug discontinuation. Although avoidable adverse interactions between ketoconazole and drugs reliant on cytochrome oxidase biotransformation and/or drug efflux mediated by multiple drug-resistant transporters are well documented in humans, these are rarely reported in veterinary patients. This case exemplifies an important and avoidable ketoconazole/colchicine drug interaction from which the patient completely recovered. The dog tested negative for the canine MDR1 loss of function mutation that also might potentiate colchicine toxicity.

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Kaspar, Annette, Sione Pifeleti, and Carlie Driscoll. "The role of health promotion in the development of ear and hearing health services in the Pacific Islands : A literature review." SAGE Open Medicine 9 (January 2021): 205031212199328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312121993287.

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The Pacific Islands have among the highest rates of ear disease and hearing loss in the world. Ear and hearing health services are limited in this region; however, a significant proportion of avoidable hearing loss and disability may be addressed through public health promotion activities. In order to develop appropriate hearing health education campaigns and promotion initiatives, knowledge and attitude studies among target population groups are vital. This review aimed to summarize the research literature on knowledge and attitude to ear disease and hearing loss in the Pacific Islands in order to develop appropriate health promotion campaigns for our context in Samoa. PubMed and ScienceDirect databases were searched for relevant journal articles. Key search terms were ‘Pacific Islands’, ‘ear disease’, ‘hearing loss’, ‘knowledge’, ‘attitudes’, and their relevant synonyms. There was no limit on the date of publication. Only one journal article met the review criteria. Parental knowledge and attitude to childhood hearing loss and hearing services in the Solomon Islands was overwhelmingly positive (96%–99.3%). There was high parental awareness of ear disease as a cause of hearing loss among children (94%) and high parental awareness of public health initiatives aimed at reducing ear disease and hearing loss such as routine childhood immunizations (84%) and breastfeeding (76%). Knowledge and attitude studies among key stakeholders are needed to develop appropriate health promotion activities to reduce the preventable causes of hearing loss in the Pacific Islands. Health promotion activities should prioritize major public health issues of ear disease and noise-induced hearing loss.

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Siddiqui, Emaduddin, Syed Mustahsan, Muhammad Daniyal, Muhammad Abdul Raffay Khan, Ali Mikdad, Saif Ul Islam Siddiqui, and Zain ul Islam Siddiqui. "Medical simulation: a novel innovation from resource limited nation." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 4641. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184023.

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Old methods of training and medical education are coming at halt considering chances of errors, neglect and communication gaps amongst medical teams associated with the traditional methods, leading to avoidable patient mortality. Simulation based learning is slowly replacing the old methods given its provision of safe environment to medical professionals to polish their skills and knowledge without the risk of any loss of patient lives. This article discusses the experience of simulation based learning as it is tried to being introduced at one of the hospitals of Pakistan, a resource limited nation and the challenges that has to be faced in trying to incorporate simulation in the education system in near future

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Adamu, M. S., I. A. Muhammed-Dabo, S. Bilal, G. Y. Albert, and A. H. Mashi. "Modification and simulation of asphalt blowing unit (ABU) - hot oil system." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i2.3.

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This work focuses on the modification and simulation of asphalt blowing unit- hot oil system of Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC). The modification involves an introduction of a 10-inch bye-pass line to the hot oil drum which helps in preventing oil loss and decrease heater duty for better efficiency and cost effective system. While the original and modified units were simulated using ASPEN HYSYS withthe aim of observing the effect of temperature on the heater duty of the units and to determine the volume of hot oil lost from the hot oil drum due to flashing. After successful completion of the simulation, the amount of vapour lost per hour for the operational system was found to be 0.3853 m3, with a heater duty of 32240 kcal/hr while for the modified system is 0.3841 m3 and 11480 kcal/hr for amount of vapour loss and heater duty respectively. Prior to the modification, the oil is replenished at an interval of 48hrs which is totally avoidable. The introduction of bye-pass line helps to prevent oil loss and reduce heater duty by 64.40%.

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Yang, Zengxiang, and Kaipu Yuan. "Analysis of Power Electronics Technology and Reactive Compensation Technology of Power System." Electronics Science Technology and Application 2 (December 3, 2015): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/esta.v2i1.3.

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Rapid development of power electronics technology, successive emerging of new materials and new structural devices, and improvement of computer technology provide vigorous support for actual application of modern control technology. The researches on application of power electronics technology in power system become increasingly extensive and profound, thus enormously supporting and developing reactive compensation technology of power system. This article has discussed application and development of power electronics technology in power system, analyzed reactive power and harmonic wave in power system, briefly introduced the development and research of reactive compensation technology at home and abroad, intensively promoted the development and application of SVC device, and put forward a series of design solutions to lower avoidable energy loss of the whole power system.

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Cioffi, Andrea, and Raffaella Rinaldi. "Covid-19 and medical liability: A delicate balance." Medico-Legal Journal 88, no. 4 (July 3, 2020): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025817220935879.

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During the Covid-19 pandemic, many countries around the world are considering whether and how to provide liability protection to front-line healthcare staff. The guiding principle of liability protection for physicians and others is to ensure that, in a serious emergency situation, health professionals can devote themselves exclusively to their work and to patient care, without the fear of future claims for unforeseeable, but above all unavoidable, injury, loss and damage caused by their conduct. Great care is needed to balance the interests and rights of all those involved. Liability protection could have risky consequences with the final result that doctors will not be protected, but institutions such as health facilities will be even if they were in fact responsible for foreseeable and avoidable damage.

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Weir, Hannah K., Chunyu Li, S. Jane Henley, and Djenaba Joseph. "Years of Life and Productivity Loss from Potentially Avoidable Colorectal Cancer Deaths in U.S. Counties with Lower Educational Attainment (2008–2012)." Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 26, no. 5 (December 21, 2016): 736–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0702.

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Wani, Maqbool, Saleem Sheikh, and Asrar Ahmed. "Clinical, electrophysiological, and prognostic study of postinjection sciatic nerve injury: An avoidable cause of loss of limb in the peripheral medical service." Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 12, no. 2 (2009): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-2327.53081.

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Bacon, Hannah. "Sin or Slim?" Fieldwork in Religion 8, no. 1 (October 29, 2013): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/firn.v8i1.92.

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Is fat a sin? Popular ‘knowledge’ about obesity which frames fat as an avoidable behavioural condition would certainly suggest it can be blamed on the fat person. Discourses of health reproduced within public policy and media reporting assist in the pathologization of fat bodies, insisting that fat is the result of unhealthy lifestyle choices. It is, however, not simply medical interpretations of fat that facilitate this moral discourse. Religion also provides an important source of moral judgment. This paper draws on my qualitative research inside a UK secular, commercial slimming group to consider how the Christian moral language of sin functions within this setting to construct a politics of choice that holds the dieter personally responsible for her fat. Interpreting weight loss and weight gain as a measure of moral character, this theological language assists in the operation of ‘normative conformity’, conforming women’s bodies to cultural knowledge about fat.

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Phillips, Peter J., and Gabriela Pohl. "The Deferral of Attacks: SP/A Theory as a Model of Terrorist Choice when Losses Are Inevitable." Open Economics 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openec-2018-0001.

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Abstract When a terrorist group’s aspirations far exceed the outcomes that can be expected to result from any of the available attack methods, an outcome below the terrorist group’s aspiration level is inevitable. A primary prediction of SP/A theory when applied to the study of terrorist behaviour is that when losses are inevitable the terrorist group will be risk averse and inclined to defer further action until expected outcomes improve, new attack method innovations are developed or the memory of the event that shaped aspirations has faded sufficiently that the aspiration level can be ‘reset’. This complements existing predictions of loss aversion and risk seeking behaviour over the domain of avoidable losses and provides a starting point for developing explanations for patterns of behaviour that are observed in the terrorism context, including pauses in violence, even during brutality contests, and time-lags between terrorist attacks.

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Liang, Bryan A. "The Adverse Event of Unaddressed Medical Error: Identifying and Filling the Holes in the Health-Care and Legal Systems." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 29, no. 3-4 (2001): 346–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2001.tb00353.x.

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Patient safety has assumed a prominent role on the policy agenda since the Institute of Medicine report To Err Is Human was released in November 1999. The report maintained that medical error is the predominant mechanism by which patients in the United States and around the world are injured. This finding, along with the report’s recommendation for a “systems” approach to reducing medical error, provided an extremely important insight into the operation of our medical delivery system. Clearly, while advances in medical technology, diagnostic techniques, and knowledge provide the foundation for saving lives, medical error has resulted in their loss. However, recognition that medical error is a primary cause of these avoidable patient injuries and deaths is a key one and may result in improvements within our system of health-care delivery as well as minimization of the emotional and financial toll that iatrogenic injury causes.

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Ganapathy, Apoorva. "AI Fitness Checks, Maintenance and Monitoring on Systems Managing Content & Data: A Study on CMS World." Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/mjmbr.v2i2.553.

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Artificial intelligence health checks, monitoring, and maintenance on system managing content in the CMS world are essential to prevent damage and avoidable expenses. To also avoid loss of time from massive downtime, AI has been employed for maintenance functions. Servers which are the houses and homes for data and content from computers, have to be maintained to allow the system to function at an optimal level. The use of AI for this maintenance involves a lot of factors. This work discusses these factors and how the various aspects work to monitor and maintain systems managing content and data. AI is programmed using health monitoring scripts which are commands executed by a particular programming language. This scripts program the AI to check and monitor servers for maintenance function. This maintenance aims to track CPU optimization and allow for the best functioning of the CPU using preventive and predictive maintenance techniques.

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Bhatia, Satvinder Singh, Wendy H. Burgess, and Jonathan R. Skinner. "Fetal Tachycardia in the Delivery Room: Fetal Distress, Supraventricular Tachycardia, or Both?" American Journal of Perinatology Reports 10, no. 04 (October 2020): e380-e385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1718900.

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Abstract Background Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is seldom considered a cause for fetal tachycardia; commoner etiologies including maternal fever and fetal distress are usually envisaged. Fetal arrhythmia can be missed as a diagnosis, potentially leading to suboptimal management. Cases Three cases are described where detection of fetal tachycardia >200 beats per minute (bpm) at 36, 40, and 38 weeks gestation resulted in emergency cesarean section for presumed fetal distress. Retrospective review of the cardiotocograph in two cases revealed baseline heart rates 120 to 160 bpm, with loss of trace associated with auscultated rates over 200 bpm. The diagnosis of SVT was not initially considered and made later when the infants required cardioversion at the age of 3 weeks, 2 days, and 8 days, respectively. The 36-week infant required noninvasive ventilation for prematurity. Conclusion SVT should be actively considered in the differential diagnosis of fetal tachycardia. Unrecognized fetal SVT may result in avoidable caesarean for suspected fetal distress, with potential prematurity-related problems. The cardiotocograph can be helpful if showing contact loss associated with rapid heart rate auscultation. The antenatal detection of fetal SVT is important as it can allow anticipation and prevention of neonatal SVT, which is potentially life-threatening if not detected and treated promptly.

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Mapara, Jacob. "Indigenous ways of disaster preparedness in Zimbabwe: Lessons from living Heritage." DANDE Journal of Social Sciences and Communication 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/dande.v2i1.28.

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This paper argues that today’s communities have suffered considerably due to severe droughts, floods and storms occurring in what can best be described as coming out of season. These have led to loss of lives, livestock and property. It asserts that some of these disasters are avoidable if communities learn from the intangible cultural heritage that guided the pre-colonials and those of the pre independence period when most Blacks still respected and appreciated their beliefs and value systems. It notes that while it is important to rely on the Meteorological Services Department for weather forecasting, events over the past few years have shown this Department’s forecasts at times as unreliable. The paper therefore argues that Zimbabweans, especially those involved in crop and livestock production should also observe natural phenomena such as flora and fauna as was done by the people of old who got early warning signs from Mother Nature herself.

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Hussain, A. H. M. Enayet, Munir Ahmed, Jerry E. Vincent, Johurul Islam, Yuddha D. Sapkota, Taraprasad Das, Nathan Congdon, et al. "Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness and cataract surgery coverage among forcibly displaced Myanmar Nationals (Rohingya refugees) in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): e0243005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243005.

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Aim To determine the prevalence and causes of blindness, vision impairment and cataract surgery coverage among Rohingya refugees aged ≥ 50 years residing in camps in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Methods We used the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) methodology to select 76 clusters of 50 participants aged ≥ 50 years with probability proportionate to size. Demographic and cataract surgery data were collected using questionnaires, visual acuity was assessed per World Health Organization criteria and examinations were conducted by torch, and with direct ophthalmoscopy in eyes with pinhole-corrected vision <6/12. RAAB software was used for data entry and analysis. Results We examined 3,629 of 3800 selected persons (95.5%). Age and sex adjusted prevalence of blindness (<3/60), severe visual impairment (SVI; >3/60 to ≤6/60), moderate visual impairment (MVI; >6/60 to ≤6/18), and early visual impairment (EVI; >6/18 to ≤6/12) were 2.14%, 2.35%, 9.68% and 14.7% respectively. Cataract was responsible for 75.0% of blindness and 75.8% of SVI, while refractive error caused 47.9% and 90.9% of MVI and EVI respectively. Most vision loss (95.9%) was avoidable. Cataract surgical coverage among the blind was 81.2%. Refractive error was detected in 17.1% (n = 622) of participants and 95.2% (n = 592) of these did not have spectacles. In the full Rohingya cohort of 76,692, approximately 10,000 surgeries are needed to correct all eyes impaired (<6/18) by cataract, 12,000 need distance glasses and 73,000 require presbyopic correction. Conclusion The prevalence of blindness was lower than expected for a displaced population, in part due to few Rohingya being ≥60 years and the camp’s good access to cataract surgery. We suggest the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees include eye care among recommended health services for all refugees with long-term displacement.

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Lisco, Fabiana, Farwah Bukhari, Soňa Uličná, Kenan Isbilir, Kurt L. Barth, Alan Taylor, and John M. Walls. "Degradation of Hydrophobic, Anti-Soiling Coatings for Solar Module Cover Glass." Energies 13, no. 15 (July 24, 2020): 3811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153811.

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Soiling of solar module cover glass is a serious problem for solar asset managers. It causes a reduction in power output due to attenuation of the incident light, and reduces the return on investment. Regular cleaning is required to mitigate the effect but this is a costly procedure. The application of transparent hydrophobic, anti-soiling coatings to the cover glass is a promising solution. These coatings have low surface energy and contaminants do not adhere well. Even if soiling does remain on the coated surface, it is much more easily removed during cleaning. The performance of the coatings is determined using the water contact angle and roll-off angle measurements. However, although hydrophobic coatings hold out great promise, outdoor testing revealed degradation that occurs surprisingly quickly. In this study, we report on results using laboratory-based damp heat and UV exposure environmental tests. We used SEM surface imaging and XPS surface chemical analysis to study the mechanisms that lead to coating degradation. Loss of surface fluorine from the coatings was observed and this appeared to be a major issue. Loss of nanoparticles was also observed. Blistering of surfaces also occurs, leading to loss of coating material. This was probably due to the movement of retained solvents and was caused by insufficient curing. This mechanism is avoidable if care is taken for providing and carrying out carefully specified curing conditions. All these symptoms correlate well with observations taken from parallel outdoor testing. Identification of the mechanisms involved will inform the development of more durable anti-soiling, hydrophobic coatings for solar application.

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do Nascimento Nunes, M. Cecilia, Mike Nicometo, Jean Pierre Emond, Ricardo Badia Melis, and Ismail Uysal. "Improvement in fresh fruit and vegetable logistics quality: berry logistics field studies." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2017 (June 13, 2014): 20130307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0307.

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Shelf life of fresh fruits and vegetables is greatly influenced by environmental conditions. Increasing temperature usually results in accelerated loss of quality and shelf-life reduction, which is not physically visible until too late in the supply chain to adjust logistics to match shelf life. A blackberry study showed that temperatures inside pallets varied significantly and 57% of the berries arriving at the packinghouse did not have enough remaining shelf life for the longest supply routes. Yet, the advanced shelf-life loss was not physically visible. Some of those pallets would be sent on longer supply routes than necessary, creating avoidable waste. Other studies showed that variable pre-cooling at the centre of pallets resulted in physically invisible uneven shelf life. We have shown that using simple temperature measurements much waste can be avoided using ‘first expiring first out’. Results from our studies showed that shelf-life prediction should not be based on a single quality factor as, depending on the temperature history, the quality attribute that limits shelf life may vary. Finally, methods to use air temperature to predict product temperature for highest shelf-life prediction accuracy in the absence of individual sensors for each monitored product have been developed. Our results show a significant reduction of up to 98% in the root-mean-square-error difference between the product temperature and air temperature when advanced estimation methods are used.

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Deahl, Martin P. "Doctors at war: psychiatry in the Gulf." Psychiatric Bulletin 16, no. 4 (April 1992): 220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.16.4.220.

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When Britain committed an armoured division to the Gulf in the autumn of 1990, it was inevitable that psychiatrists and other mental health personnel would be required. Battleshock, or combat stress, is important to the Army – it not only accounts for significant numbers of casualties in any land war, but, unlike other casualties, represents a potentially avoidable loss of manpower and important source of reinforcement. Based largely on the experience of Arab-Israeli conflicts it is believed that, with appropriate management, up to 90% of battleshock cases can be returned to duty within seven days. Moreover, it is thought that early recognition and intervention may reduce the incidence of PTSD and other long-term psychiatric sequelae (Foy et al 1987; Solomon & Benbenishty, 1986). Fortunately, Battleshock claimed few victims in the Gulf, due mainly to the brevity of the land war and the high state of motivation and morale of the allied force. The effectiveness of the Army's policy of early recognition of battleshock cases with minimal medical intervention on the battlefield and rapid return to duty remains uncertain and untested (Dunning, 1990).

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Rayamajhi, RT, N. Shreshtha, C. Karki, and SM Padhye. "Evaluation of Clinicosocial Factors Associated with Antepartum and Intrapartum Stillbirths at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1, no. 1 (2009): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1037.

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ABSTRACT Objective To assess the prevalence and biosocial and obstetric risk factors for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths at a tertiary hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Study Design A prospective hospital based study during a one year period from 1st November 2007 to 30th October 2008. Results:18 stillbirths occurred out of the 790 deliveries that took place during the study period giving an overall stillbirth rate of 22.7 per 1000 births of which 22.2% occurred in the intrapartum period. The majority(89.9%) of patients were in the low risk age group, viz. 20-35 years. 62% were overweight, 16% obese and 22% had normal BMI. More than half (56%) were either illiterate or had only primary education and 33.3% were moderate smokers. 66.6% were nullipara and there were no grand multipara in the series. 72% had regular prenatal visits but only 33% presented with a history of loss of fetal movements. 50% delivered preterm and 22.2% were post-term while 66.6% had low birth weights. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and IUGR were the leading causes of stillbirths, others being prolonged PROM, cholestasis of pregnancy and congenital anomalies. 11.1% were unexplained and there was one case each of gestational diabetes, antepartum hemorrhage and vaginal breech delivery. Conclusion Avoidable intrapartum stillbirths continue to be quite high where timely and appropriate intrapartum intervention must be taken to prevent fetal loss. The identified antenatal risk factors should serve as potential targets for antenatal intervention and due importance of maternal fetal movement scoring must be stressed in the at risk patient.

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Zanazzi, E., E. Coïsson, and D. Ferretti. "GIS ANALYSIS OF THE SEISMIC DAMAGE ON HISTORICAL MASONRY SPIRES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 5, 2019): 1173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-1173-2019.

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Abstract. The Emilia 2012 earthquake highlighted the high vulnerability of historical masonry spires, at the top of bell towers. Indeed almost half of the spires, in the area hit by the seismic event, show the loss of the top. The observed collapse mechanism consists in sliding of the spire top and in the resulting overturning. Once the emergency phase has passed, it is now a duty to learn from this traumatic experience and to provide new tools for the prevention of the destructive effects of future earthquakes. In this perspective, a geodatabase was designed, using the ArcGIS Pro software, for monitoring the vulnerabilities of the surveyed spires. Indeed, as we learn from the study of the effects of past earthquakes, seismic damages are recurrent for each building typology and therefore they can be predictable and avoidable. For example, by statistically elaborating the data of the designed database, a correlation arose between the levels of damage of the spires and their type of masonry arrangement. Indeed four different masonry typologies have been distinguished. The work then focuses on three damaged spires of churches belfries, proposing three consolidation hypotheses to prevent the future loss of the rebuilt top part of the spire. The structural analyses, performed with Abaqus CAE and detailed in a different work, showed that the same intervention produces different results on the different case studies: a demonstration that there is not an “absolute” best solution, but an intervention suitable for each case.

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Hinde, Sebastian, Alexander Harrison, Laura Bojke, and Patrick Doherty. "Quantifying the impact of delayed delivery of cardiac rehabilitation on patients’ health." European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 27, no. 16 (March 25, 2020): 1775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487320912625.

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Background Despite its role as an effective intervention to improve the long-term health of patients with cardiovascular disease and existence of national guidelines on timeliness, many health services still fail to offer cardiac rehabilitation in a timely manner after referral. The impact of this failure on patient health and the additional burden on healthcare providers in an English setting is quantified in this article. Methods Two logistic regressions are conducted, using the British Heart Foundation National Audit of Cardiac Rehabilitation dataset, to estimate the impact of delayed cardiac rehabilitation initiation on the level of uptake and completion. The results of these regressions are applied to a decision model to estimate the long-term implications of these factors on patient health and National Health Service expenditure. Results We demonstrate that the failure of 43.6% of patients in England to start cardiac rehabilitation within the recommended timeframe results in a 15.3% reduction in uptake, and 7.4% in completion. These combine to cause an average lifetime loss of 0.08 years of life expectancy per person. Scaled up to an annual cohort this implies 10,753 patients not taking up cardiac rehabilitation due to the delay, equating to a loss of 3936 years of life expectancy. We estimate that an additional £12.3 million of National Health Service funding could be invested to alleviate the current delay. Conclusions The current delay in many patients starting cardiac rehabilitation is causing quantifiable and avoidable harm to their long-term health; policy and research must now look at both supply and demand solutions in tackling this issue.

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Fang, Zhi, Li-Xia Lou, and Ke Yao. "Socio-economic disparity in visual impairment from cataract." International Journal of Ophthalmology 14, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 1310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2021.09.03.

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AIM: To investigate the association of visual impairment from cataract with human development index (HDI) by years lived with disability (YLDs). METHODS: Published data on national age-standardized YLD rates caused by cataract and national HDIs in 2019 were obtained. Age-standardized YLD rates from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed to explore cataract burden among patients with different income levels. Age-standardized YLD rates in different HDI groups were compared by different degrees of visual impairment. Association between national age-standardized YLD rates and HDI in 2019 was analyzed. RESULTS: The age-standardized YLD rates of populations with visual impairment or blindness due to cataract declined from 1990 to 2019, especially among those with lower middle income. Multiple comparison tests revealed that countries with low HDI had significantly higher age-standardized YLD rates of blindness due to cataract than those with high and very high HDI (P<0.001). The age-standardized YLD rates of populations with blindness (β= -0.588, P<0.001), severe vision loss (β=-0.378, P<0.001), and moderate vision loss (β=-0.389, P<0.001) inversely correlated with HDI. CONCLUSION: Age-standardized YLD rates caused by cataract have declined since 1990. The burden of visual impairment due to cataract inversely correlate with national socioeconomic development and is more concentrated in countries with low HDI than those with high HDI, especially among the blind. These findings highlight the need to provide additional cataract services and cataract surgery coverage to developing countries to decrease the burden of avoidable blindness caused by cataract.

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Heagerty, Robert, J. Sharma, J. Cayton, and N. Goodwin. "Retrospective analysis of four-year injury data from the Infantry Training Centre, Catterick." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 164, no. 1 (August 22, 2017): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2017-000777.

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IntroductionMusculoskeletal injury (MSKI) represents a considerable threat to the effectiveness and productivity of military organisations globally. The impact on the medical chain, occupational disposal with associated loss of working days and associated financial burden have far-reaching consequence. The moral and legal responsibility to reduce avoidable injuries through risk assessment and prevention strategies is fundamental to governance and a key component of best practice.MethodsA retrospective observational analysis was performed of 4101 MSKIs presenting from a total inflow of 10 498 British Army Infantry recruits recorded over four consecutive training years between 2012 and 2016. Injury incidence, site, type and week of training were recorded and analysed.ResultsThe total incidence of all MSKI was observed as 39.1%. Overuse injuries were the most common subclassification of injury type (24.5%), followed by trauma (8.8%) and then stress fractures (5.7%). Causes of medical discharge over a four-year cumulative incidence were from overuse injuries (59.3%), stress fractures (21.5%) and trauma (19.2%). 45.5% of all MSKIs presented within the first eight weeks of training.ConclusionsMSKI data highlighted the requirement for a comprehensive service evaluation of the Combat Infantryman’s Course and subsequent justification for the introduction of an injury prevention intervention — Project OMEGA.

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Rammohan, Ashwin, Sathya D. Cherukuri, Jeswanth Sathyanesan, Ravichandran Palaniappan, and Manoharan Govindan. "Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis Masquerading as Gallbladder Cancer: Can It Be Diagnosed Preoperatively?" Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/253645.

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Background. Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is often misdiagnosed as gallbladder cancer (GBC). We aimed to determine the preoperative characteristics that could potentially aid in an accurate diagnosis of XGC masquerading as GBC.Methods. An analysis of patients operated upon with a preoperative diagnosis of GBC between January 2008 and December 2012 was conducted to determine the clinical and radiological features which could assist in a preoperative diagnosis of XGC.Results. Out of 77 patients who underwent radical cholecystectomy, 16 were reported as XGC on final histopathology (Group A), while 60 were GBC (Group B). The incidences of abdominal pain, cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, and acute cholecystitis were significantly higher in Group A, while anorexia and weight loss were higher in Group B. On CT, diffuse gallbladder wall thickening, continuous mucosal line enhancement, and submucosal hypoattenuated nodules were significant findings in Group A. CT findings on retrospect revealed at least one of these findings in 68.7% of the cases.Conclusion. Differentiating XGC from GBC is difficult, and a definitive diagnosis still necessitates a histopathological examination. An accurate preoperative diagnosis requires an integrated review of clinical and characteristic radiological features, the presence of which may help avoid radical resection and avoidable morbidity in selected cases.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Avoidable loss'

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